WO2020034661A1 - 一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺 - Google Patents

一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034661A1
WO2020034661A1 PCT/CN2019/084697 CN2019084697W WO2020034661A1 WO 2020034661 A1 WO2020034661 A1 WO 2020034661A1 CN 2019084697 W CN2019084697 W CN 2019084697W WO 2020034661 A1 WO2020034661 A1 WO 2020034661A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
core
drilling
coring
drill
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PCT/CN2019/084697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万步炎
金永平
黄筱军
王佳亮
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湖南科技大学
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Application filed by 湖南科技大学 filed Critical 湖南科技大学
Priority to EP19849850.3A priority Critical patent/EP3690182B1/en
Publication of WO2020034661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034661A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
    • E21B25/18—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors the core receiver being specially adapted for operation under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sediment core drilling process suitable for a submarine rope core drilling rig.
  • the submarine rope coring rig is a large-scale technical equipment necessary for carrying out marine geological research, mineral resource exploration and subsea engineering survey.
  • the submarine rope coring rig refers to a type of rig that uses the armored umbilical cable to lower the rig body from the mother ship to the sea floor, and the operator performs remote submarine rope coring operations on the mother ship deck by remote control.
  • offshore drilling rigs it has the advantages of low power, high maneuverability, high core quality and high efficiency.
  • submarine rope core rigs are compared with conventional land drilling rigs or large offshore drilling rigs. The difference in the rope coring process is:
  • washing mud Conventional land drilling rigs or large marine drilling rigs use mud as the washing liquid for punching.
  • the mud has a good function of protecting the hole wall and has a strong ability to carry rock powder.
  • seawater due to the size and weight limitations of the submarine rope coring rig, it is not possible to carry mud and its auxiliary equipment, and seawater is often directly used as a washing fluid. This requires that the submarine rope coring rig must use different punching processes during the punching process.
  • the hole pattern minimizes the effect on the hole wall while achieving the punching effect.
  • the submarine rope coring rig Due to the lack of mud protection wall, the submarine rope coring rig has a higher probability of hole collapse after punching with seawater than the conventional land rig or large marine drilling ship rig. There is a risk that the new rope coring inner tube is not lowered in place, and the The risk is a hidden risk, and it is not easy to monitor and remedy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a second punching after lowering a new rope to corel the inner pipe and adding a drill pipe to ensure the next normal drilling.
  • the submarine rope coring rig is a remote remote control device, it has a high degree of automation. Once a drilling accident occurs, it cannot be intervened and dealt with artificially like a conventional land rig or a large offshore drilling ship rig (such as drill pipe connection and unloading). Fishing and lowering of the inner tube of the rope core, etc., so that the drilling process of the submarine rope core rig must ensure high safety and reliability.
  • the present invention provides a drilling and coring condition suitable for drilling and coring of seabed sediments without mud lubrication, and has the advantages of low disturbance and high coring rate, and can be better applied to the seafloor of remote remote operation. Sediment core drilling process of rope core rig.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a sediment core drilling process suitable for a submarine rope coring rig.
  • the coring device adopted by the invention includes a submarine rope coring rig, a plurality of rope coring special drill rods, a plurality of Rope coring inner pipe and rope coring outer pipe drill.
  • the submarine rope coring rig is equipped with a high-pressure seawater washing pump, a seawater suction cylinder, a washing water reversing valve, a water outlet of the high-pressure seawater washing pump and seawater.
  • the inlet of the rodless cavity of the suction cylinder is communicated with the inner bore of the active drill pipe on the power head of the submarine rope core drilling rig through the flushing water reversing valve.
  • the flushing water reversing valve can switch the inner bore of the drill pipe and the high-pressure seawater as required.
  • the water outlet of the flushing pump or the rodless cavity inlet of the seawater suction cylinder communicates, and the rod cavity of the seawater suction cylinder communicates with the external seawater;
  • the top end of the piston rod of the seawater suction cylinder and the submarine rope core drilling rig push the top of the piston rod of the cylinder through Hinge connection;
  • the upper part of the rope core inner tube is provided with a bearing combination to prevent the rotary motion of the rope core outer tube drill from being transmitted to the rope core inner tube, and a thin-walled annular cutting edge is provided at the bottom, and the rope core inner tube is connected with Request clearance between the outer core tube outer drill depth ahead of formula mating relationship with the inner tube and the cable rope coring tube coring drill bit central bore;
  • Step 1 First place multiple rope coring special drill rods and multiple rope coring inner tubes on the subsea rope coring rig tube storage rack, and put an empty rope coring inner tube into the rope coring outer tube. Inside the drilling tool, then the submarine rope coring rig is hoisted into the water. After the submarine rope coring rig is bottomed on the surface of the bottom sediment, the submarine rope coring rig is carried out by the leveling legs on the submarine rope coring rig. Leveling and support
  • Step 2 The flushing water reversing valve is used to communicate the inlet of the rodless cavity of the seawater suction cylinder with the inner hole of the drill pipe.
  • the submarine rope coring rig is drilled in the pure pressure suction and coring mode, and the drilling power head passes the drill pipe.
  • the thin-walled annular cutting edge at the front of the inner core of the rope and the inner core of the rope is driven by a thin-walled circular cutting edge at a constant speed into the seabed sediment, while the seawater suction cylinder extracts from the drill rod and enters the inner core of the rope.
  • Step 3 When the propulsion force of the drilling power head is not enough to drive the rope in a pure press-in manner, the thin-walled annular cutting edge at the front of the inner tube cuts the sediment at a constant speed, start the drilling power head and pass the drill rod Drive the rope coring outer pipe drilling tool for rotary drilling, and the rope coring inner pipe keeps rotating without cutting into the seabed sediment;
  • Step 4 After the completion of this round of drilling, operate the drilling power head upward to drive the drill rod, rope core outer pipe drilling tool and rope core inner pipe upward to the position of the rope unloading core inner pipe and unplug the sediment.
  • Step 5 Use a fishing winch to lower the salvage device to salvage the inner core of the rope containing the sediment core sample to the subsea rope coring rig.
  • the active drill rod of the power head is separated from the lower drill rod and rises to the highest level.
  • Step 6 Operate the drilling power head to reconnect the active drill pipe with the lower drill pipe.
  • Head using a corded outer tube drill to sweep the hole, and level the bottom of the hole formed by the use of an advanced corded inner tube;
  • Step 7 Use the high-pressure seawater washing pump to punch several times.
  • Punching refers to the use of a drilling power head to drive the drill rod and rope to corel the outer tube drilling tool from 1.5m to 2.0m upward from the bottom of the hole and then stay for 20 to 30 seconds, and then Descend back to the bottom of the hole;
  • Step 8 Operate the drilling power head to separate the active drill pipe from the lower drill pipe shackle and raise it to the highest position, and then lower a new empty rope core inner pipe into the rope core outer pipe drill;
  • Step 9 Connect another drill pipe
  • Step 10 Use a high-pressure seawater washing pump for multiple punchings
  • Step 11 Choose one or two of steps 7 and 10; determine whether the drilling centering reaches the given hole depth, if it reaches the given hole depth, proceed to the next step, if it does not reach the given hole depth, repeat step 2- Step 10, until the core is drilled to a given hole depth;
  • Step 12 Recovering the drill pipe and the coring outer tube drilling tool
  • Step 13 Recover the subsea rope core rig.
  • the pure pressing speed is controlled at 20 ⁇ 2 mm / s.
  • the propulsive force of the drilling power head is 60 to 80% of its maximum propulsive force, or the propulsive force is 3 to 4
  • the rotary drive function of the drilling power head is started, the rotation speed is 30-150r / min, and the drilling speed is 20 ⁇ 2mm / s.
  • the lowering speed is 18 to 25 m / min; the fishing winch and the fishing device are corked with the rope.
  • the ascending speed is 30 ⁇ 40m / min.
  • the speed of sweeping of the rope core outer pipe drilling tool is 20 to 25 m / min
  • the pump capacity of the high-pressure seawater washing pump is 50 ⁇ 80L / min, and stay at the bottom of the hole for 1 ⁇ 2min.
  • the punching is performed 2 to 3 times; when the drilling depth is 10m to 30m, Punching 3 to 4 times; when the drilling depth is more than 30m, the number of punchings is more than 5 times; when descending, the pump volume of the high-pressure seawater washing pump is 50-80L / min; The pump capacity is 100 ⁇ 150L / min.
  • the number of punching times is 1-2; when the drilling depth is 10m-30m At that time, the number of punching times is 2 to 3 times; when the drilling depth is greater than 30m, the number of punching times is 4 times; and the pumping capacity of the high-pressure seawater flushing pump is 100 to 150 L / min for the downward and upward punching.
  • step 3 the rotary driving function of the drilling power head is started.
  • the thrust force of the drilling power head is reduced to less than When 2 tons, or less than 40% of its maximum propulsion force, stop the rotary drive function of the drilling power head and switch back to the pure pressing-in suction coring mode of step 2.
  • the present invention is suitable for use conditions of mudless lubrication and wall protection
  • the invention has the advantages of low disturbance and high heart rate, and can be better applied to the remote operation mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coring device used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rope coring inner tube according to the present invention.
  • the coring device used in the present invention includes a submarine rope coring rig, a plurality of rope coring drill rods 14, a plurality of rope coring inner tubes 16, and a rope coring outer tube drilling tool 15.
  • a high-pressure seawater flushing pump 1, a seawater suction cylinder 5, a flushing water reversing valve 2, a water outlet of the high-pressure seawater flushing pump 1, and a rodless cavity inlet of the seawater suction cylinder 5 are installed on the subsea rope coring rig.
  • the flushing water reversing valve 2 communicates with the inner hole of the active drill pipe 13 on the submerged rope core drilling rig drilling power head 11.
  • the flushing water reversing valve 2 can switch the inner hole of the drill pipe 14 and the high-pressure seawater flushing pump 1 as required.
  • the water outlet of the seawater or the rodless cavity inlet of the seawater suction cylinder 5 is in communication, and the rod cavity of the seawater suction cylinder 5 is in communication with the external seawater; the top of the seawater suction cylinder piston rod 51 and the submarine rope core drilling rig propel the oil cylinder piston rod 41
  • the top end is connected by a hinge to synchronize the seawater suction cylinder 5 and the propulsion cylinder 4 of the submarine rope coring rig; the upper part of the inner coring tube 16 prevents the rotary movement of the outer coring drill 15 from being transmitted to the rope.
  • the cutting edge 162 has a deep-advance cooperation relationship with the corded outer tube drilling tool 15, that is, the front part of the corded inner tube 16 protrudes from the center hole of the bit of the corded outer tube drilling tool 15 for a distance.
  • the distance is generally between 100 and 500 millimeters, and there is only a small gap between the center hole of the inner core pipe 16 and the outer core drill 15 of the wire rope.
  • the propulsion oil cylinder 4 and the seawater suction cylinder 5 are installed on a base 6.
  • a drilling power head slide rail frame 3 is installed on the base 6, and a vertical slide rail is provided on the upper side of the drilling power head slide rail frame 3.
  • the drilling power head 11 is arranged on a vertical slide rail and can move along the vertical slide rail.
  • a plurality of leveling legs 7 are provided at the bottom of the base 6.
  • the top and bottom of the drilling power head slide rail frame 3 are provided with pulleys respectively; one end of the upper wire rope is fixedly connected to the top of the drilling power head slide rail frame 3, and the other end in turn bypasses the upper end of the propelling cylinder piston rod 41.
  • the upper one of the two pulleys and the top of the drilling power head slide frame 3 are connected to the drilling power head 11.
  • the drilling power head 11 is provided with an active power drill rod 13 of the drilling power head.
  • the active power drill rod 13 of the drilling power head can be connected with the upper end of the drill rod 14 or the upper end of the rope core outer pipe drilling tool 15
  • the lower end of the drill pipe 14 can be connected with the upper end of the rope core outer pipe drill 15.
  • the drilling power head 11 is also provided with a hole that communicates with the active power rod 13 of the drilling power head.
  • the active power rod 13 of the drilling power head is provided with a fishing device 12. One end of the wire rope is connected to the fishing device 12 and the other end passes through the drill. The hole on the feed head 11 is connected to the fishing winch.
  • Step 1 Drill down. Firstly, a plurality of rope coring special drilling rods and a plurality of rope coring inner tubes are placed on the submerged rope coring rig tube storage rack, and an empty rope coring inner tube 16 is put into the rope coring outer tube drilling tool. 15 and then suspend the submarine rope coring rig into the water. After the submarine rope coring rig is bottomed on the surface of the seabed sediment, use the leveling legs 7 on the submarine rope coring rig to perform the submarine rope coring rig. Level and support.
  • Step 2 Pure press-in aspiration and core drilling.
  • the subsea drilling rig is drilled in pure pressure suction and coring mode, and the flushing water reversing valve 2 is used to communicate the inlet of the rodless cavity of the seawater suction cylinder 5 with the inner hole of the drill pipe 14.
  • the drilling power head 11 passes the drill pipe 14 and Rope coring outer tube drilling tool 15 Drives the rope coring inner tube 16
  • the thin-walled annular cutting edge 162 at the front cuts into the seabed sediment at a speed of 20 ⁇ 2mm / s, while the seawater suction cylinder 5 extracts from the drill rod 14 and An equal volume of seawater is taken from the core sample of the sediment core tube 16 entering the rope.
  • Step 3 Single-action rotary press-in aspiration and core drilling.
  • the propulsive force of the drilling power head 11 is not enough to drive the rope in a pure press-in manner
  • the thin-walled annular cutting edge 162 at the front of the inner tube 16 cuts the sediment at a reasonable speed, that is, the propulsive force of the drilling power head 11 is
  • the propulsive force is 60 to 80%, or when the propulsive force is 3 to 4 tons
  • the rotary driving function of the drilling power head is started while the drilling power head 11 is pushed down, and the rotation speed is 30 to 150 r / min.
  • the drilling speed is 20 ⁇ 2mm / s.
  • the rope core outer tube drill 15 is rotated by the drill rod 14 and the bearing combination 161 on the upper part of the rope core inner tube 16 is used to keep the rope core inner tube 16 not rotating while cutting. Seabed sediment.
  • Step 4 Pull your heart out. After the completion of this round of drilling, the drilling power head 11 is operated to move upwards, driving the drill rod 14, the rope core outer pipe drill 15 and the rope core inner pipe 16 to rise to the position where the rope core inner pipe is unloaded and unplugged at the same time Sediment core.
  • Step 5 Salvage the inner core tube.
  • the fishing winch 10 is used to lower the fishing device 12, and the rope core inner tube 16 containing the sediment core sample in the rope core outer tube drill 15 is salvaged to the submarine rope core rig, and the power head actively drills the rod 13 Separated from the lower drill rod 14 and raised to the highest position, the mandrel was used to place the rope core inner tube 16 containing the sediment core sample on the submarine rope core rig pipe rack; when the fishing winch 10 was lowered to the fishing device 12 , The lowering speed is 18-25m / min; when the fishing winch 10 and the salvage device 12 are roped and the inner tube 16 goes up, the ascending speed is 30-40m / min.
  • Step 6 Sweep the holes. Operate the drilling power head.
  • the active drill pipe 13 is reconnected with the lower drill pipe 14, and the flushing water reversing valve 2 is used to switch the water outlet of the high-pressure seawater washing pump 1 to the inner hole of the drill pipe 14, and the high-pressure seawater washing pump 1 and
  • the drilling power head 11 has the function of rotary drilling.
  • Rope cored outer tube drill 15 is used to sweep holes.
  • the rope cored outer tube drill 15 is used to sweep holes at a speed of 20 ⁇ 25m / min.
  • the pump volume of high-pressure seawater flushing pump 1 is 50 ⁇ 80L / min, and stay at the bottom of the hole for 1 ⁇ 2min.
  • Step 7 Punching before adding rod.
  • the high-pressure seawater washing pump 1 is used for multiple punching.
  • the punching is to use the drilling power head 11 to drive the drill rod 14 and the rope core outer tube drill 15 from the bottom of the hole to rise 1.5m to 2.0m and stay for 20 to 30 seconds. Then go down to the bottom of the hole; when the drilling depth is less than 10m, the number of punches is 2 to 3; when the drilling depth is 10m to 30m, the number of punches is 3 to 4; when the drilling depth is greater than 30m , Punching times greater than 5 times.
  • the pump volume of the high-pressure seawater flushing pump is 50-80L / min
  • the pump volume of the high-pressure seawater flushing pump is 100-150L / min.
  • Step 8 Lower the core tube. Operate the drilling power head.
  • the active drill rod 13 is separated from the lower drill rod 14 and lifted to the highest position.
  • the fishing device 12 and the fishing winch 11 With the cooperation of the manipulator, the fishing device 12 and the fishing winch 11, a new empty rope core inner tube 16 is lowered to The rope core is inside the outer tube drilling tool 15.
  • Step 9 Add the drill pipe. Then pick up a new drill rod 14.
  • Step 10 Punching after adding the rod.
  • the high-pressure seawater washing pump 1 is used for repeated punching at a large flow rate, that is, the drilling power head 11 is used to drive the drill rod 14 and the rope core outer pipe drill 15 from the bottom of the hole to rise 1.5m to 2.0m and stay for 20 to 30 Seconds, then descend back to the bottom of the hole; when the drilling depth is less than 10m, the number of punching times is 1-2; when the drilling depth is 10m-30m, the number of punching times is 2-3; when the drilling depth is greater than At 30m, the number of punchings is 4 times; the pumping volume of the high-pressure seawater flushing pump 1 during the downward and upward punching of the rope coring outer pipe drill 15 is 100-150L / min.
  • Step 11 Choose one or two of steps 7 and 10, that is, keep only one of steps 7 and 10 as required; or keep steps 7 and 10; determine whether the drilling core is to the given hole depth, and if it reaches Set the hole depth and proceed to the next step. If the given hole depth is not reached, repeat steps 2 to 10 until the core is drilled to the given hole depth.
  • Step 12 Recover the drill pipe and rope to corel the outer tube drill. Operate the drilling power head 11 upward to drive the drill rod 14 and the rope core outer tube drilling tool 15 to the unloading drill rod 14 position. Operate the drilling power head to actively separate the drill rod 13 from the lower drill rod 14 and rise to the highest position. Position, use the manipulator to place the drill rod 14 on the submarine rope coring rig pipe rack, then operate the drilling power head 11 down to connect with the next drill rod 14, and then operate the drilling power head 11 up to drive the drill rod 14 2. The rope coring outer pipe drilling tool 15 goes up to the position of the unloading drill rod 14 and operates the drilling power head. The active drill rod 13 is separated from the lower drill rod 14 and rises to the highest position.
  • the manipulator is used to place the drill rod 14 on the subsea rope.
  • the coring drill pipe storage rack is repeatedly operated in this manner until all the drill rods 14 are recovered, and then the drilling power head 11 is operated to connect with the rope core outer pipe drill 15 and the drilling power head 11 is operated to drive the rope core outer pipe.
  • Drilling tool 15 goes up to the position of unloading coring outer tube drilling tool 15 and operates the drilling power head active drill rod 13 and the lower rope coring outer tube drilling tool 15 to separate and rise to the highest position, and use a mechanical hand to corral the rope Outer tube drilling tool 15 Drill pipe storage rack.
  • Step 13 Recover the subsea rope core rig.
  • the submarine rope coring rig was recovered to the surface mother ship.

Abstract

公开了一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，其包括以下步骤：1)下钻；2)纯压入抽吸取心钻进；3)单动旋转压入抽吸取心钻进；4)拔心；5)打捞岩心内管；6)扫孔；7)加杆前冲孔；8)下放岩心管；9)加接钻杆；10)加杆后冲孔；11)重复步骤2)-10)，直到钻进取心至给定孔深；12)回收钻杆及绳索取心外管钻具；13)回收海底绳索取心钻机。该钻进工艺适用于海底沉积物无泥浆润滑与护壁的钻进取心工况；而且具有低扰动、高取心率的优点，能够更好地适用于远程遥控作业方式。

Description

一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺。
背景技术
海底绳索取心钻机是开展海洋地质研究、矿产资源勘探以及海底工程勘察所必需的大型技术装备。海底绳索取心钻机是指通过铠装脐带缆将钻机本体从母船下放至海底，操作人员在母船甲板上通过远程遥控操作方式进行海底钻探绳索取心作业的一类钻机，与常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机相比其具有功率小、机动性高、取心质量和效率高等优点，在海底沉积物地层取心钻进过程中，海底绳索取心钻机与常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机的绳索取心工艺不同之处在于：
(1)冲洗泥浆，常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机在冲孔过程中均采用泥浆作为冲洗液进行冲孔，泥浆对孔壁具有很好的护壁功能，携带岩粉的能力强。而海底绳索取心钻机由于受钻机尺寸、重量等因素限制，无法携带泥浆及其辅助设备，常常直接采用海水作为冲洗液，这就要求海底绳索取心钻机在冲孔过程中必须采用不同的冲孔模式在达到冲孔效果的同时尽量减少对孔壁的影响。
(2)由于缺少泥浆的护壁，海底绳索取心钻机利用海水进行冲孔后塌孔几率大于常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机，存在新的绳索取心内管下放不到位的风险，且该风险为隐性风险，不易监控和补救，因此，必须在下放新的绳索取心内管和加接钻杆后进行二次冲孔，以确保下一回次正常钻进。
(3)由于海底绳索取心钻机属于远程遥控装置，自动化操作程度较高，一旦出现钻探事故，无法像常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机一样可以人为措施进行干预和处理(如钻杆接卸和绳索取心内管打捞和下放等)，使得海底绳索取心钻机的钻探工艺必须确保较高的安全、可靠性。
受海底绳索取心钻机自身性能限制，常规陆地钻机或大型海洋钻探船钻机标准的钻进规程不能完全与海底绳索取心钻机的使用工况相互匹配，必须探索与海底绳索取心钻机性能和作业实际工况相匹配的取心钻进工艺。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种适用于海底沉积物无泥浆润滑与护壁的钻进取心工况；而且具有低扰动、高取心率的优点，能够更好地适用于远程遥控作业方式的海底绳 索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，其采用的取心装置包括海底绳索取心钻机、多根绳索取心专用钻杆、多根绳索取心内管、绳索取心外管钻具，所述的海底绳索取心钻机上安装有高压海水冲洗泵、海水抽吸缸、冲洗水换向阀，高压海水冲洗泵的出水口和海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口经冲洗水换向阀与海底绳索取心钻机钻进动力头上的主动钻杆内孔连通，冲洗水换向阀可根据需要切换钻杆内孔分别与高压海水冲洗泵的出水口或海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口连通，海水抽吸缸的有杆腔则与外部海水连通；海水抽吸缸活塞杆顶端与海底绳索取心钻机推进油缸活塞杆顶端通过绞链连接；绳索取心内管上部有防止绳索取心外管钻具的旋转运动传递至绳索取心内管的轴承组合，底部设有薄壁环形切割刀口，绳索取心内管与绳索取心外管钻具的配合关系为深度超前式配合，绳索取心内管和绳索取心外管钻具钻头中心孔之间留有间隙；
包括以下步骤：
步骤1：先将多根绳索取心专用钻杆、多根绳索取心内管安放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上，将1根空的绳索取心内管放入绳索取心外管钻具内，然后将海底绳索取心钻机吊放入水，当海底绳索取心钻机在海底沉积物表面着底后，通过海底绳索取心钻机上的调平支腿对海底绳索取心钻机进行调平和支撑；
步骤2：利用冲洗水换向阀将海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口与钻杆内孔连通，海底绳索取心钻机采用纯压入抽吸取心模式钻进，由钻进动力头经钻杆和绳索取心外管钻具驱动绳索取心内管前部的薄壁环形切割刀口以恒定的速度切入海底沉积物中，同时海水抽吸缸从钻杆中抽取与进入绳索取心内管的沉积物岩心样品等体积的海水；
步骤3：当钻进动力头的推进力不足以以纯压入方式驱动绳索取心内管前部的薄壁环形切割刀口以恒定的速度切入海底沉积物时，启动钻进动力头，通过钻杆带动绳索取心外管钻具旋转钻进，绳索取心内管保持不旋转切入海底沉积物；
步骤4：在该回次钻进结束后，操作钻进动力头上行，带动钻杆、绳索取心外管钻具以及绳索取心内管上行至卸绳索取心内管位置，拔断沉积物岩心；
步骤5：利用打捞绞车下放打捞器，将装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管打捞至海底绳索取心钻机上，钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，将装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上；
步骤6：操作钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆重新连接，利用冲洗水换向阀切换至将高压海水冲洗泵的出水口与钻杆内孔连通，启动高压海水冲洗泵和钻进动力头，利用绳索取心 外管钻具进行扫孔，将因采用超前式绳索取心内管形成的孔底台阶扫平；
步骤7：利用高压海水冲洗泵多次冲孔，冲孔是指利用钻进动力头带动钻杆及绳索取心外管钻具从孔底上行1.5m～2.0m后停留20～30秒，再下行回到孔底；
步骤8：操作钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，再将1根新的空绳索取心内管下放至绳索取心外管钻具内；
步骤9：再接1根钻杆；
步骤10：利用高压海水冲洗泵进行多次冲孔；
步骤11：步骤7和步骤10择一或二进行；判断钻进取心是否至给定孔深，若到达给定孔深，进行下一步操作，若没有到达给定孔深，则重复步骤2-步骤10，直到钻进取心至给定孔深；
步骤12：回收钻杆及绳索取心外管钻具；
步骤13：回收海底绳索取心钻机。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤2中，纯压入速度控制在20±2mm/s。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤3中，钻进动力头的推进力为其最大推进力的60～80％，或推进力为3～4吨时，启动钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能，转速为30～150r/min，钻进速度为20±2mm/s。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤5中，打捞绞车下放打捞器时，下放速度为18～25m/min；打捞绞车和打捞器带绳索取心内管上行时，上行速度为30～40m/min。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤6中，绳索取心外管钻具扫孔速度为20～25m/min，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为50～80L/min，并在孔底停留1～2min。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤7中，当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔2～3次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔3～4次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数大于5次；下行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为50～80L/min，上行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为100～150L/min。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤10中，当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔次数为1～2次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔次数为2～3次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数为4次；下行和上行冲孔时高压海水冲洗泵的泵量均为100～ 150L/min。
上述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺中，所述步骤3中，启动钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能钻进过程中，当钻进动力头推进力减小至小于2吨，或小于其最大推进力的40％时，停止钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能，切换回所述步骤2纯压入抽吸取心模式。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明适用于无泥浆润滑与护壁的使用工况；
(2)本发明具有低扰动、高取心率的优点，能够更好地适用于远程遥控作业方式。
附图说明
图1是本发明采用的取心装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的绳索取心内管的结构示意图。
图中：1-高压海水冲洗泵，2-冲洗水换向阀，3-钻进动力头滑轨架，4-推进油缸，41-推进油缸活塞杆，5-海水抽吸缸，51-海水抽吸缸活塞杆，52-海水抽吸缸活塞，6-底座，7-调平支腿，8-水管，9-打捞钢丝绳，10-打捞绞车，11-钻进动力头，12-打捞器，13-钻进动力头主动钻杆，14-钻杆，15-绳索取心外管钻具，16-绳索取心内管，161-轴承组合，162-薄壁环形切割刀口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。
如图1和图2所示，本发明采用的取心装置包括海底绳索取心钻机、多根绳索取心专用钻杆14、多根绳索取心内管16、绳索取心外管钻具15，所述的海底绳索取心钻机上安装有高压海水冲洗泵1、海水抽吸缸5、冲洗水换向阀2，高压海水冲洗泵1的出水口和海水抽吸缸5的无杆腔入口经冲洗水换向阀2与海底绳索取心钻机钻进动力头11上的主动钻杆13内孔连通，冲洗水换向阀2可根据需要切换钻杆14内孔分别与高压海水冲洗泵1的出水口或海水抽吸缸5的无杆腔入口连通，海水抽吸缸5的有杆腔则与外部海水连通；海水抽吸缸活塞杆51顶端与海底绳索取心钻机推进油缸活塞杆41顶端通过绞链连接，以使海水抽吸缸5与海底绳索取心钻机的推进油缸4同步动作；绳索取心内管16上部有防止绳索取心外管钻具15的旋转运动传递至绳索取心内管16的轴承组合161，底部设有薄壁环形切割刀口162，其与绳索取心外管钻具15的配合关系为深度超前式配合，即绳索取心内管16前部从绳索取心外管钻具15钻头中心孔向外伸出一段距离，该距离一般在100～500毫米之间，绳索取心内管16和绳索取心外管钻具15钻头中心孔之间仅留很小的间隙。所述的推进油缸4和海水抽吸缸5安装在底座6上，底座6上安装有钻进动力头滑轨架3，钻进动力头滑轨架3上一侧设 有竖直滑轨，所述的钻进动力头11设置在竖直滑轨上，能够沿着竖直滑轨移动，底座6底部设有多个调平支腿7。所述的推进油缸活塞杆41上端处设有两个滑轮，两个滑轮上下设置。所述的钻进动力头滑轨架3的顶部和底部分别设有滑轮；上钢丝绳的一端与钻进动力头滑轨架3的顶部固定连接，另一端依次绕过推进油缸活塞杆41上端的两滑轮中位于上方的一个及钻进动力头滑轨架3的顶部的滑轮与钻进动力头11连接，下钢丝绳的一端与钻进动力头滑轨架3的底部固定连接，另一端依次绕过推进油缸活塞杆41上端的两滑轮中位于下方的一个及钻进动力头滑轨架3的底部的滑轮与钻进动力头11连接。钻进动力头11上设有钻进动力头主动钻杆13，钻进动力头主动钻杆13既可以与钻杆14上端丝扣连接也可以与绳索取心外管钻具15上端丝扣连接，钻杆14下端丝扣可以与绳索取心外管钻具15上端丝扣连接。钻进动力头11上还设有连通钻进动力头主动钻杆13的孔，钻进动力头主动钻杆13内设有打捞器12，钢丝绳的一端与打捞器12连接，另一端穿过钻进动力头11上的孔与打捞绞车连接。
本发明的步骤如下：
步骤1：下钻。先将多根绳索取心专用钻杆、多根绳索取心内管安放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上，将1根空的绳索取心内管16放入绳索取心外管钻具15内，然后将海底绳索取心钻机吊放入水，当海底绳索取心钻机在海底沉积物表面着底后，通过海底绳索取心钻机上的调平支腿7对海底绳索取心钻机进行调平和支撑。
步骤2：纯压入抽吸取心钻进。海底钻机采用纯压入抽吸取心模式钻进，利用冲洗水换向阀2将海水抽吸缸5的无杆腔入口与钻杆14内孔连通，由钻进动力头11经钻杆14和绳索取心外管钻具15驱动绳索取心内管16前部薄壁环形切割刀口162以20±2mm/s的速度切入海底沉积物中，同时海水抽吸缸5从钻杆14中抽取与进入绳索取心内管16的沉积物岩心样品等体积的海水。
步骤3：单动旋转压入抽吸取心钻进。当钻进动力头11的推进力不足以以纯压入方式驱动绳索取心内管16前部薄壁环形切割刀口162以合理的速度切入海底沉积物时，即钻进动力头11的推进力为其最大推进力的60～80％，或推进力为3～4吨时，在保持钻进动力头11向下推进的同时，启动钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能，转速为30～150r/min，钻进速度为20±2mm/s，通过钻杆14带动绳索取心外管钻具15旋转，并利用绳索取心内管16上部的轴承组合161保持绳索取心内管16不旋转同时切入海底沉积物。
启动钻进动力头11的旋转驱动功能钻进过程中，当钻进动力头11推进力减小至小于2吨，或小于其最大推进力的40％时，停止钻进动力头11的旋转驱动功能，切换回所述步骤2纯压入抽吸取心模式。
步骤4：拔心。在该回次钻进结束后，操作钻进动力头11上行，带动钻杆14、绳索取心外管钻具15以及绳索取心内管16上行至卸绳索取心内管位置，同时拔断沉积物岩心。
步骤5：打捞岩心内管。利用打捞绞车10下放打捞器12，将绳索取心外管钻具15内的装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管16打捞至海底绳索取心钻机上，钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部钻杆14卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，利用机械手将装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管16放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上；打捞绞车10下放打捞器12时，下放速度为18～25m/min；打捞绞车10和打捞器12带绳索取心内管16上行时，上行速度为30～40m/min。
步骤6：扫孔。操作钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部钻杆14重新连接，利用冲洗水换向阀2切换至将高压海水冲洗泵1的出水口与钻杆14内孔连通，启动高压海水冲洗泵1和钻进动力头11旋转钻进功能，利用绳索取心外管钻具15进行扫孔，绳索取心外管钻具15扫孔速度为20～25m/min，高压海水冲洗泵1的泵量为50～80L/min，并在孔底停留1～2min。
步骤7：加杆前冲孔。利用高压海水冲洗泵1进行多次冲孔，冲孔即利用钻进动力头11带动钻杆14及绳索取心外管钻具15从孔底上行1.5m～2.0m后停留20～30秒，再下行回到孔底；当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔次数为2～3次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔次数为3～4次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数大于5次。下行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为50～80L/min，上行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为100～150L/min。
步骤8：下放岩心管。操作钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部钻杆14卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，在机械手、打捞器12和打捞绞车11的配合下将1根新的空绳索取心内管16下放至绳索取心外管钻具15内。
步骤9：加接钻杆。再接1根新钻杆14。
步骤10：加杆后冲孔。再次利用高压海水冲洗泵1进行大流量反复多次冲孔，即利用钻进动力头11带动钻杆14及绳索取心外管钻具15从孔底上行1.5m～2.0m后停留20～30秒，再下行回到孔底；当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔次数为1～2次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔次数为2～3次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数为4次；绳索取心外管钻具15下行和上行冲孔时高压海水冲洗泵1的泵量均为100～150L/min。
步骤11：步骤7和步骤10择一或二进行，即根据需要只保留步骤7和步骤10中的一个；或者保留步骤7和步骤10；判断钻进取心是否至给定孔深，若到达给定孔深，进行下一步操作，若没有到达给定孔深，则重复步骤2-步骤10，直到钻进取心至给定孔深；
步骤12：回收钻杆和绳索取心外管钻具。操作钻进动力头11上行，带动钻杆14、绳索取心外管钻具15上行至卸钻杆14位置，操作钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部钻杆14卸扣分 离并上升至最高位置，利用机械手将钻杆14放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架，再操作钻进动力头11下行与下一根钻杆14连接，然后再操作钻进动力头11上行，带动钻杆14、绳索取心外管钻具15上行至卸钻杆14位置，操作钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部钻杆14卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，利用机械手将钻杆14放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架，如此反复操作，直至全部钻杆14回收完毕，再操作钻进动力头11下行与绳索取心外管钻具15连接，操作钻进动力头11带动绳索取心外管钻具15上行至卸绳索取心外管钻具15位置，操作钻进动力头主动钻杆13与下部绳索取心外管钻具15卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，利用机械手将绳索取心外管钻具15放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上。
步骤13：回收海底绳索取心钻机。将海底绳索取心钻机回收至水面母船上。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，其采用的取心装置包括海底绳索取心钻机、多根绳索取心专用钻杆、多根绳索取心内管、绳索取心外管钻具，所述的海底绳索取心钻机上安装有高压海水冲洗泵、海水抽吸缸、冲洗水换向阀，高压海水冲洗泵的出水口和海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口经冲洗水换向阀与海底绳索取心钻机钻进动力头上的主动钻杆内孔连通，冲洗水换向阀可根据需要切换钻杆内孔分别与高压海水冲洗泵的出水口或海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口连通，海水抽吸缸的有杆腔则与外部海水连通；海水抽吸缸活塞杆顶端与海底绳索取心钻机推进油缸活塞杆顶端通过绞链连接；绳索取心内管上部有防止绳索取心外管钻具的旋转运动传递至绳索取心内管的轴承组合，底部设有薄壁环形切割刀口，绳索取心内管与绳索取心外管钻具的配合关系为深度超前式配合，绳索取心内管和绳索取心外管钻具钻头中心孔之间留有间隙；
    包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：先将多根绳索取心专用钻杆、多根绳索取心内管安放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上，将1根空的绳索取心内管放入绳索取心外管钻具内，然后将海底绳索取心钻机吊放入水，当海底绳索取心钻机在海底沉积物表面着底后，通过海底绳索取心钻机上的调平支腿对海底绳索取心钻机进行调平和支撑；
    步骤2：利用冲洗水换向阀将海水抽吸缸的无杆腔入口与钻杆内孔连通，海底绳索取心钻机采用纯压入抽吸取心模式钻进，由钻进动力头经钻杆和绳索取心外管钻具驱动绳索取心内管前部的薄壁环形切割刀口以恒定的速度切入海底沉积物中，同时海水抽吸缸从钻杆中抽取与进入绳索取心内管的沉积物岩心样品等体积的海水；
    步骤3：当钻进动力头的推进力不足以以纯压入方式驱动绳索取心内管前部的薄壁环形切割刀口以恒定的速度切入海底沉积物时，启动钻进动力头，通过钻杆带动绳索取心外管钻具旋转钻进，绳索取心内管保持不旋转切入海底沉积物；
    步骤4：在该回次钻进结束后，操作钻进动力头上行，带动钻杆、绳索取心外管钻具以及绳索取心内管上行至卸绳索取心内管位置，拔断沉积物岩心；
    步骤5：利用打捞绞车下放打捞器，将装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管打捞至海底绳索取心钻机上，钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，将装有沉积物岩心样品的绳索取心内管放至海底绳索取心钻机储管架上；
    步骤6：操作钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆重新连接，利用冲洗水换向阀切换至将高 压海水冲洗泵的出水口与钻杆内孔连通，启动高压海水冲洗泵和钻进动力头，利用绳索取心外管钻具进行扫孔，将因采用超前式绳索取心内管形成的孔底台阶扫平；
    步骤7：利用高压海水冲洗泵多次冲孔，冲孔是指利用钻进动力头带动钻杆及绳索取心外管钻具从孔底上行1.5m～2.0m后停留20～30秒，再下行回到孔底；
    步骤8：操作钻进动力头主动钻杆与下部钻杆卸扣分离并上升至最高位置，再将1根新的空绳索取心内管下放至绳索取心外管钻具内；
    步骤9：再接1根钻杆；
    步骤10：利用高压海水冲洗泵进行多次冲孔；
    步骤11：步骤7和步骤10择一或二进行；判断钻进取心是否至给定孔深，若到达给定孔深，进行下一步操作，若没有到达给定孔深，则重复步骤2-步骤10，直到钻进取心至给定孔深；
    步骤12：回收钻杆及绳索取心外管钻具；
    步骤13：回收海底绳索取心钻机。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤2中，纯压入速度控制在20±2mm/s。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤3中，钻进动力头的推进力为其最大推进力的60～80％，或推进力为3～4吨时，启动钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能，转速为30～150r/min，钻进速度为20±2mm/s。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤5中，打捞绞车下放打捞器时，下放速度为18～25m/min；打捞绞车和打捞器带绳索取心内管上行时，上行速度为30～40m/min。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤6中，绳索取心外管钻具扫孔速度为20～25m/min，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为50～80L/min，并在孔底停留1～2min。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤7中，当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔2～3次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔3～4次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数大于5次；下行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为50～80L/min，上行冲孔时，高压海水冲洗泵的泵量为100～150L/min。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤10中，当钻孔深度小于10m时，冲孔次数为1～2次；当钻孔深度为10m～30m时，冲孔次 数为2～3次；当钻孔深度大于30m时，冲孔次数为4次；下行和上行冲孔时高压海水冲洗泵的泵量均为100～150L/min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于海底绳索取心钻机的沉积物取心钻进工艺，所述步骤3中，启动钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能钻进过程中，当钻进动力头推进力减小至小于2吨，或小于其最大推进力的40％时，停止钻进动力头的旋转驱动功能，切换回所述步骤2纯压入抽吸取心模式。
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