WO2020034059A1 - Random access preamble transmission - Google Patents

Random access preamble transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034059A1
WO2020034059A1 PCT/CN2018/100193 CN2018100193W WO2020034059A1 WO 2020034059 A1 WO2020034059 A1 WO 2020034059A1 CN 2018100193 W CN2018100193 W CN 2018100193W WO 2020034059 A1 WO2020034059 A1 WO 2020034059A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preamble
power terminal
preambles
low
random access
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/100193
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yu Chen
Original Assignee
Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd., Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy, Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201880096638.6A priority Critical patent/CN112567871B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/100193 priority patent/WO2020034059A1/en
Publication of WO2020034059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034059A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/265—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the quality of service QoS

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to random access preamble transmission.
  • a random access (RA) procedure refers to a procedure for user equipment (UE) to establish a connection with a network device such as an Evolved NodeB (eNB) .
  • the UE initiates a random access procedure by sending a preamble in a random access (RA) request. If the preamble can be detected in predefined resources, the network device acknowledges the request and transmits a RA response with allocated uplink resources to the UE.
  • RA random access
  • the UE can transmit dedicated preambles assigned by the network device to a known specific UE so it′sunique and won′t cause contention between UEs.
  • the UE randomly selects the preamble from a set of candidate preambles (for example, 64 predetermined preambles in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system) and thus the collision probability exits.
  • the UE may further transmit an uplink message (referred to as a third message) using the allocated resources. If there is no collision, the network device feedbacks a message (referred to as a fourth message) to acknowledge the successful random access.
  • a set of candidate preambles for example, 64 predetermined preambles in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • contention-based random access is being discussed widely.
  • a first one is to have the data piggybacked in the uplink preamble, so the random access and data transmission can be finished in one time.
  • the other one is to omit the contention resolution procedure, which may be further enhanced by physical layer detection techniques, such as multi-user detection (MUD) .
  • MOD multi-user detection
  • the network device needs to successfully detect the preamble transmitted by the UE, which means that the received power/energy of the preamble at the network device side should be high enough for signal detection.
  • the terminal device either has to transmit the preamble with a high transmission power in one-shot transmission or needs to transmit the preamble through repetitions to increase the accumulated power. This might not be desirable for some terminal devices, especially for those that are sensitive to power consumption and latency.
  • example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for random access preamble transmission.
  • a network device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the device at least to: detect, in a first random access opportunity for a first group of high-power terminal devices, a first preamble selected from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble selected from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the first and second preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the first group according to a first transmission pattern associated with the first group, and the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; detect a third preamble selected from the first preamble pool in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device, the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other; in response to the second and third pream
  • a terminal device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the device at least to: select a first preamble from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the terminal device being a high-power terminal device, the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; and transmit the first and second preambles to a network device in a first random access opportunity according to a first transmission pattern associated with a first group of high-power terminal devices, the terminal device being included in the first group, the second preamble being transmitted to facilitate in combination with a third preamble in the second preamble pool detected in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device to determine a random access response to the low
  • a method implemented at a network device for random access comprising: detecting, in a first random access opportunity for a first group of high-power terminal devices, a first preamble selected from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble selected from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the first and second preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the first group according to a first transmission pattern associated with the first group, and the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; detecting a third preamble selected from the first preamble pool in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device, the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other; and in response to the second and third preambles being detected, determining whether a combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices; and
  • a method implemented at a terminal device for random access comprising: selecting a first preamble from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the terminal device being a high-power terminal device, the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; and transmitting the first and second preambles to a network device in a first random access opportunity according to a first transmission pattern associated with a first group of high-power terminal devices, the terminal device being included in the first group, the second preamble being transmitted to facilitate in combination with a third preamble in the second preamble pool detected in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device to determine a random access response to the low-power terminal device, and the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other.
  • an apparatus for random access comprises means for detecting, in a first random access opportunity for a first group of high-power terminal devices, a first preamble selected from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble selected from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the first and second preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the first group according to a first transmission pattern associated with the first group, and the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; means for detecting a third preamble selected from the first preamble pool in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device, the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other; means for, in response to the second and third preambles being detected, determining whether a combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices; and means
  • an apparatus for random access comprises means for selecting a first preamble from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the apparatus being a high-power terminal device, the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; and means for transmitting the first and second preambles to a network device in a first random access opportunity according to a first transmission pattern associated with a first group of high-power terminal devices, the apparatus being included in the first group, the second preamble being transmitted to facilitate in combination with a third preamble in the second preamble pool detected in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device to determine a random access response to the low-power terminal device, and the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the above third aspect.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the above fourth aspect.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process for random access transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram showing random access preamble transmission of high-power and low-power terminal devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram showing random access preamble transmission of high-power and low-power terminal devices according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5A illustrates a graph showing the probability density functions (PDFs) of the number of assistant high-power terminal devices in each group according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5B illustrates a relation between the average number of assistant high-power terminal devices and the number of high-power terminal devices in each group according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6A illustrates a graph showing the PDFs of the number of assistant high-power terminal devices in each group according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6B illustrates a relation between the average number of assistant high-power terminal devices and the number of high-power terminal devices in each group according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • references in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • first and second etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments.
  • the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following:
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
  • wireless communication network refers to a network following any suitable wireless communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , and so on.
  • NR New Radio
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • wireless communication network may also be referred to as a “wireless communication system.
  • communications between network devices, between a network device and a terminal device, or between terminal devices in the wireless communication network may be performed according to any suitable communication protocol, including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , New Radio (NR) , wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards, and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IEEE 802.11 any other appropriate wireless communication standard either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • the term “network device” refers to a node in a wireless communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom.
  • the network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
  • BS base station
  • AP access point
  • NodeB or NB node B
  • eNodeB or eNB evolved NodeB
  • NR NB also referred to as a gNB
  • RRU Remote Radio Unit
  • RH radio header
  • terminal device refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication.
  • a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) .
  • UE user equipment
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • MS Mobile Station
  • AT Access Terminal
  • the terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) and the like.
  • the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
  • a terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurement, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another terminal device and/or network equipment.
  • the terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, for example refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc.
  • a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
  • the network 100 includes a network device 110 and different types of terminal devices served by the network device 110 within its serving area (also called as a cell 102) .
  • the network device 110 may serve low-power terminal devices 120-1 and 120-2 (collectively or individually referred to as low-power terminal devices 120) and high-power terminal devices 130-1 to 130-5 (collectively or individually referred to as high-power terminal devices 130) .
  • a low-power terminal device refers to a terminal device that has a low power level at the network device 110.
  • the low power level might be due to the low transmission power from the terminal device or the low reception power due to a long distance and/or high penetration loss from the terminal device to the network device 110.
  • a high-power terminal device refers to a terminal device that has a high power level at the network device 110, such as a high transmission power and/or a high reception power.
  • the network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more terminal devices may be located in the cell 102 and served by the network device 110.
  • the low-power or high power terminal device 120 or 130 may initiate a random access procedure to establish a connection with the network device 110.
  • a random access procedure to establish a connection with the network device 110.
  • Either a non-contention-based random access procedure or a contention-based random access procedure can be employed.
  • preambles and messages are exchanged between the terminal device 120/130 and the network device 110.
  • the communications in the network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the like.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • some or all of the served terminal devices can provide the M2M service.
  • the M2M deployment has some unique features different from traditional mobile broadband services.
  • One of the features is the massive number. It is envisaged there could be one million UEs in the cell 102 accessing the network device 110, most of which only transmit a few very small packets.
  • a further feature is a requirement on low power consumption.
  • Many of M2M devices terminal devices for the M2M service) are expected to work for ten years without changing the battery. The devices generally need to access the network device once or for a limited number of times a day, and for most of the time, they are powered off.
  • the power consumption depends on the duration the M2M devices wake up and the number of packets they transmit. A shorter wake cycle and a limited number of packet repetitions are helpful to reduce the power consumption. But this may still not enough for some M2M devices, especially those located at the cell edge and suffering from a high penetration loss.
  • M2M devices are delay tolerant, but some others require low latency in all cases or in certain applications, such as those configured to provide public alert for emergency affairs.
  • These types of M2M devices may be deployed extensively in the cell to monitor the environment, traffic, and the like.
  • the maximum transmission power and the number of antennas for those devices are limited. This makes the devices in a dilemma of latency and power/cost.
  • some of the M2M terminal devices may be classified as low-power terminal devices, such as the low-power terminal devices 120 shown in the network 100.
  • mobile terminals with normal transmission power and located closer to the network device 110 may be classified as high-power terminal devices, such as the high-power terminal devices 130 shown in the network 100.
  • preambles are divided into a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices.
  • a group of high-power terminal device selects preambles from both the first and second preamble pools and transmits the selected preambles to a network device in a random access opportunity.
  • a low-power terminal device selects a preamble from the second preamble only and transmits the selected preamble to the network device in its random access opportunity.
  • the network device detects preambles in the random access opportunities.
  • the network device transmits a random access response to the low-power terminal device. If a preamble from the first preamble pool is detected and determined to be specific to the type of high-power terminal devices, the network device transmits a random access response to a high-power terminal device.
  • the high-power terminal devices help transmit preambles specific to the type of low-power terminal devices for random access, but does not content with the low-power terminal device for resources.
  • the network devices When detecting a preamble from the second preamble pool, the network devices will always treat this preamble as being transmitted by the low-power terminal device and thus can transmit the random access response upon detection of a specific combination of preambles. In this way, it is possible to increase the probability of successfully detecting preambles for the low-power terminal devices and thus can increase the probability of successful random access. There is little impact on the random access procedure for the high-power terminal devices because these devices have enough power for the random access preamble transmission.
  • Fig. 2 shows a process 200 for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the process 200 may involve the network device 110, one or more low-power terminal devices 120, and one or more high-power terminal devices 130 in Fig. 1.
  • the high-power terminal device (s) 130 selects (205) one or more preambles from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and one or more preambles from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices.
  • the low-power terminal device (s) 120 selects (210) one or more preambles from the second preamble pool.
  • preambles for random access in the network 100 may be divided into two preamble pools, i.e., the first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and the second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices.
  • the preambles included in the first preamble pool are different from those included in the second preamble pools.
  • a preamble for random access may also be referred to as a random access preamble, which may be a multi-bit sequence.
  • Each of the two preamble pools includes a plurality of preambles.
  • the preambles in the first and second preamble pools may be orthogonality or substantially orthogonality to each other, which may reduce the errors and ambiguities in preamble detection.
  • the network device 110 may allocate both the first and second preamble pools to the high-power terminal devices 130 and allocate only the second preamble pool for the low-power terminal devices 120. With the preamble allocations, the low-power terminal devices 120 always select preambles from the second preamble pool for transmission, while the high-power terminal devices 130 select preambles from both the first and second preamble pools.
  • the high-power terminal device (s) 130 transmits (215) the selected preambles to the network device 110 in a random access opportunity, and the low-power terminal device (s) 120 also transmits (220) the selected preambles to the network device 110 in a random access opportunity.
  • a random access opportunity refers to time and/or frequency resources for a random access attempt by a terminal device.
  • a terminal device is allowed to transmit a random access preamble in a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) .
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • the random access opportunities for the high-power terminal device (s) 130 and the low-power terminal device (s) 120 may be in aligned with each other or partially overlapped with each other in both time and frequency domains. In this sense, it is possible to use the preamble selected from the second preamble and transmitted by the high-power terminal devices 130 as assistance in preamble detection of the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • a high-power or low-power terminal device When a high-power or low-power terminal device decides to initiate a random access procedure, it may select and transmit the preambles in the suitable random access opportunity. It is noted that not all the high-power or low-power terminal devices in the cell 102 of the network device 110 transmit the preambles at the same time in each random access opportunity.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 located in the cell 102 of the network device 110 may be classified into different groups.
  • the grouping of the high-power terminal devices 130 may be random or depend on their locations in the cell 102.
  • Each of the groups may include one or more high-power terminal devices 130.
  • the number of high-power terminal devices 130 in different groups may be the same or different.
  • each of the groups of high-power terminal devices 130 is associated with one transmission pattern for preamble transmission, which defines how the high-power terminal devices 130 in that group transmit the preambles selected from the second preamble pool specific to the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in different groups transmit their selected preambles according to their associated transmission patterns.
  • different transmission patterns may be associated with different groups. By diversifying the transmission patterns, it is possible to avoid all the high-power terminal devices transmit the preambles in the second preamble pool in the same time.
  • the specific transmission patterns may be configured to the corresponding high-power terminal devices 130.
  • a duration for a random access opportunity may be divided into a number of time periods for transmitting individual preambles, each having the same time length.
  • the durations of the random access opportunities for the high-power and low-power terminal devices 130, 120 have the same length.
  • the durations are aligned with each other (i.e., totally overlapped) in some examples or may be partially overlapped in some other examples. It would be appreciated that if each of the two random access opportunities can be varied in the frequency domain, the frequency bandwidths of the two opportunities may be at least partially overlapped.
  • the divisions for the random access opportunities of high-power and low-power terminal devices may be divided in the same way. For example, the duration for the random access opportunity may be divided into two or more time periods.
  • the number and the lengths of the time periods may be defined with flexibility. For example, if most of the low-power terminal devices 120 can access the network within one subframe, a time period may be 0.25 ms with the assumption of four time periods to be divided. If there need hundreds of repetitions for successful access in some cases, a time period may be set as 1 ms or larger.
  • the transmission pattern of one group of high-power terminal devices 130 may define in which time period (s) and in how many time period (s) the high-power terminal devices 130 should transmit the preamble (s) in the second preamble pool specific for the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • a transmission pattern may define that the group of associated high-power terminal devices transmit at least one preamble selected from the second preamble pool in at least one specific time period of the duration. That is, within a duration of a random access opportunity for the high-power terminal devices 130, the number and the relative locations of the time periods for transmitting preambles selected from the second preamble pool may be fixed for each of the groups of high-power terminal devices by following the associated transmission patterns.
  • Some examples transmission patterns of the high-power terminal devices 130 are illustrated in the Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the random access opportunities for the high-power and low-power terminal devices 130, 120 are aligned in time and frequency domains in these examples.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 are classified into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2, each including the same or different number of devices.
  • the durations for the random access opportunity are divided into two time periods, Time Period #0 and Time Period #1.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 1 transmit the selected preambles according to a transmission pattern 301, which defines that the high-power terminal devices 130 transmit preambles selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #1. In the remaining Time Period #0, the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 1 transmit preambles selected from the first preamble pool.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 2 transmit the selected preambles according to a transmission pattern 302, which defines that the high-power terminal devices 130 transmit preambles selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #0. In the remaining Time Period #1, the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 1 transmit preambles selected from the first preamble pool.
  • the low-power terminal devices 120 always transmit two preambles selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #0 and Time Period #1.
  • the transmission pattern of the low-power terminal devices 120 is illustrated by the arrow 310.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 are classified into two groups, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, each including the same or different number of devices.
  • the durations for the random access opportunity are divided into four time periods, Time Period #0, Time Period #1, Time Period #2, and Time Period #3.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in the four groups transmit their selected preambles according to different transmission patterns 401 to 404. More specifically, according to the transmission pattern 401, the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 1 are configured to transmit a preamble selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #3 and transmit three preambles selected from the first preamble pool in Time Periods #0 to #2.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 2 are configured to transmit a preamble selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #2 and transmit three preambles selected from the first preamble pool in Time Period #0, Time Period #1, and Time Period #3.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 3 are configured to transmit a preamble selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #1 and transmit three preambles selected from the first preamble pool in Time Period #0, Time Period #2, and Time Period #3.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in Group 4 are configured to transmit a preamble selected from the second preamble pool in Time Period #0 and transmit three preambles selected from the first preamble pool in Time Periods #1 to #3.
  • the low-power terminal devices 120 always transmit four preambles selected from the second preamble pool in Time Periods #0 to #3.
  • the transmission pattern of the low-power terminal devices 120 is illustrated by the arrow 410.
  • the number of groups of high-power terminal devices 130 and the number of time periods in each duration of the random access opportunities in Figs. 3 and 4 are provided by way of example only. A different number of high-power terminal device groups and/or a different number of time periods would be appreciated in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the number of groups of high-power terminal devices 130 is provided to be the same as the number of time periods in each duration of the random access opportunity and the high-power terminal devices 130 in each group use only one of the time periods to transmit the preamble from the second preamble pool for the low-power terminal devices.
  • the number of the groups and the number of the time periods may be different, and one or more of the groups of the high-power terminal devices 130 are configured to select and transmit two or more preambles from the second preamble pool in different time periods.
  • the network device 110 detects (225) preambles in the random access opportunities for the high-power terminal devices 130 and the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • preamble detection the network device 110 uses the known preambles to match with a signal received in the random access opportunity. If one of the preambles matches with the signal, it indicates that this preamble is successfully detected.
  • the network device 110 may know in advance when this high-power terminal device 130 transmit the preamble (s) from the second preamble pool according to the transmission pattern associated with the group to which the high-power terminal device 130 belongs.
  • the network device 110 may bypass a signal or energy received at the time period (s) that is known to transmit the preamble (s) in the second preamble pool. Then, the network device 110 only match the preambles in the first preamble pool with the signal or energy received at other time periods that are known to transmit the preamble (s) in the first preamble pool.
  • the network device 110 uses the preambles in the second preamble pool for the detection. If a specific preamble in the second preamble pool is transmitted by the high-power terminal device 130, its received energy may be accumulated with the energy of the same preamble transmitted by a low-power terminal device 120. In this case, even if the low-power terminal device 120 transmits the preambles with a relatively low power level, with the accumulated energy of the same preamble transmitted from the high-power terminal devices 130, the probability of successful preamble detection may increase.
  • the network device 110 determines (230) whether the combination of the preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices and transmits (235) a random access response to the low-power terminal device (s) 120.
  • the information in the random access response and its transmission may be the same as the normal random access procedure.
  • the random access response may include information regarding uplink resources that can be used by the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • the terminal devices 120 may proceed with the following random access procedure and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.
  • the network device 110 decides to transmit a random access response to the low-power terminal device (s) 120 only if a specific combination of preambles in the second preamble pool is detected. This is to reduce the case of false preamble detection where no low-power terminal devices 120 request for access but only the active high-power terminal devices 130 transmit the preambles in the second preamble pool.
  • one or more specific combinations that can trigger the transmission of random access responses to the low-power terminal devices 120 may be configured by the network device 110 to the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • a specific combination of preambles may indicate a specific number of preambles in the second preamble pool.
  • the network device 110 may determine that a low-power terminal device 120 is requesting random access and thus may transmit the random access response.
  • a specific combination of preambles may indicate a combination of two or more specific preambles in the second preamble pools.
  • preambles in the second preamble pools may be assigned with corresponding identifiers or indicators.
  • the preambles in each specific combination may be identified by their identifiers or indicators.
  • the network device 110 detects two or more preambles in the second preamble pool, it may further determine, based on their identifiers or indicators, whether these preambles can consist of a combination specific to the type of the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • the low-power terminal devices 120 may be preconfigured with the specific combinations of preambles and thus will always transmit the preambles in the second preamble pool based on the specific combinations. In operation, the low-power terminal device 120 may select one of the specific combinations and transmit the preambles indicated by the selected combination in the corresponding time periods. For example, if a specific combination includes a combination of Preamble 1, Preamble 5, Preamble 3, and Preamble 2 from the second preamble pool (preambles in which are assigned with corresponding numbers for identification) , the low-power terminal devices 120 may select and transmit Preamble 1, Preamble 5, Preamble 3, and Preamble 2 in the four time periods.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 in each group select the preamble (s) from the second preamble pool randomly and do not have to follow any specific combination. As the number of the high-power terminal devices 130 in each group increases, there is a relatively large probability that one or more of the high-power terminal devices 130 select the same preamble that is also selected and transmitted by a low-power terminal device 120, which can thus enhance the received energy of this preamble at the network device 110.
  • a low-power terminal device 120 transmits a specific combination of Preamble 1, Preamble 5, Preamble 3, and Preamble 2 in Time Periods #0 to #3.
  • the high-power terminal devices in Group 1 to Group 4 may randomly select and transmit preambles in the four time periods according to the respective transmission patterns 401 to 404. It is possible that one or more of the high-power terminal devices 130 may transmit the same preambles in the second preamble pool at the same time periods as the low-power terminal device 120, which thus increase the successful detection of these preambles at the network device 110.
  • one or more of the preambles in the specific combination is transmitted by a low-power terminal device 120 while the other preambles is transmitted by the high-power terminal devices 130 from one or more of the groups of high-power terminal devices.
  • the network device 110 may detect Preamble 1, Preamble 5, and Preamble 3 transmitted by the low-power terminal device 120 in Time Periods #0 to #2, and detect Preamble 2 in the second preamble pool transmitted by one or more high-power terminal devices 130 in one or more of Groups 1 to 4 in Time Period #3.
  • the network device 110 detects a specific combination of Preamble 1, Preamble 5, Preamble 3, and Preamble 2 in the second preamble pool that is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • one or more of Preamble 1, Preamble 5, and Preamble 3 may be detected with the assistance of the high-power terminal devices 130 from one or more of Groups 1 to 4 in the corresponding time periods.
  • the network device 110 detects a specific combination of preambles in the second preamble pool but all of these preambles are transmitted by the high-power terminal devices 130. That is, no low-power terminal devices 120 are initiating a random access procedure at this time.
  • the network device 110 may also transmit a random access response to allocate uplink resources, but the resources may be wasted because no low-power terminal devices 120 will use the resources for uplink transmission.
  • the time periods for transmitting the preambles in the specific combination by the high-power terminal devices 130 and the low-power terminal device 120 may be separated in time.
  • the network device 110 may detect a preamble in the second preamble pool in Time Period #0 transmitted by the low-power terminal device 120 and detect a preamble in the second preamble pool in Time Period #0 transmitted by one or more high-power terminal devices 130.
  • the combination of the two preambles might be defined as being specific to the type of low-power terminal devices and thus the network device 110 will transmit a random access response to the low-power terminal device 120 (it is supposed that the specific combination indicates the number of two or more preambles detected in the random access opportunity) .
  • the durations of the random access opportunities for the high-power terminal devices 130 and the low-power terminal devices 120 may not be aligned in time.
  • the time period (s) for transmitting the preambles (s) in the second preamble pool may be overlapped with the duration of the random access opportunity of the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • Time Period #1 for Group 1 of high-power terminal devices 130 may be overlapped with the duration of the low-power terminal devices 120 (overlapped with either Time Period #0 or #1) .
  • Time Period #3 for Group 1 of high-power terminal devices 130 may be overlapped with the duration of the low-power terminal devices 120 (overlapped with any of Timer Periods #0 to #3) .
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 transmit preambles for the low-power terminal devices 120 in addition to their own preambles according to corresponding transmission patterns.
  • the preambles are randomly selected and transmitted, it is possible that the same preambles are also needed to be transmitted by the low-power terminal device 120 at the same time.
  • the preamble transmission by the high-power terminal device 130 may increase the probability of successful preamble detection at the network device side. The more the high-power terminal devices 130 in each group, the higher the probability that the correct preambles in the second preamble pool are transmitted for the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • the network device 110 may transmit (240) a random access response to the high-power terminal devices 130.
  • the information in the random access response and its transmission may be the same as the normal random access procedure.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 may not content with the low-power terminal devices 120 for uplink resources although the preambles in the second preamble pool are transmitted. No matter the preambles in the second preamble pool are detected from either the high-power terminal devices 130 or the low-power terminal device 120, they are always considered by the network device 110 as being transmitted from the low-power terminal devices 120.
  • the priorities of the low-power terminal device may be determined based on at least one of a coverage extension (CE) level of the terminal device, a latency requirement of the terminal device, and a type of service application on the terminal device.
  • the high-power terminal devices 130 may transmit the preambles for low-power terminal devices 120 with high CE levels, requirement of low latency, and/or a type of service application requiring to be prioritized (such as the services for emergency affairs) .
  • the network device 110 may allocate a different preamble pool or the same first preamble pool as the high-power terminal device 130 for transmission.
  • a high-power terminal device 130 transmitting the same preamble as that transmitted by a low-power terminal device 120 at the same time may be referred to as an assistant high-power terminal devices.
  • Fig. 5A illustrates a graph 500 showing the probability density functions (PDFs) of the number of assistant high-power terminal devices in each group in the example of transmission patterns shown in Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5B illustrates a relation between the average number of assistant high-power terminal devices and the number of high-power terminal devices (represented as “N” ) in each group in the example of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6A further illustrates a graph 600 showing the PDFs of the number of assistant high-power terminal devices in each group in the example of transmission patterns shown in Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 5B illustrates a relation between the average number of assistant high-power terminal devices and the number of high-power terminal devices (represented as “N” ) in each group in the example of Fig. 4.
  • the shift trend of the PDF curves is the same as in the example of Fig. 5A.
  • the PDF curves of the assistant high-power terminal devices move to the right.
  • the average number of assistant high-power terminal devices increases as the number of the high-power terminal devices in each group increases. If there are 10 assistant high-power terminal devices in each group, the accumulated power is roughly to be 10 times more and thus the energies or repetitions for the low-power terminal devices can be further reduced.
  • Fig. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 700 can be implemented at the network device 110 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 110 with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the network device 110 detects, in a first random access opportunity for a first group of high-power terminal devices, a first preamble selected from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble selected from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the first and second preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the first group according to a first transmission pattern associated with the first group, and the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool.
  • the network device 110 detects a third preamble selected from the first preamble pool in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device.
  • the network device 110 determines, in response to the second and third preambles being detected, whether a combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices. In response to determining that the combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices, at block 740, the network device 110 transmits a random access response to the lower-power terminal device.
  • the second preamble is selected randomly by the at least one high-power terminal device from the second preamble pool, and wherein the third preamble is selected by the low-power terminal device from the second preamble pool according to the combination specific to the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • a first duration for the first random access opportunity and a second duration for the second random access opportunity are divided into a number of time periods for transmitting individual preambles, and wherein the time period for transmitting the second preamble is configured to be separated from the time period for transmitting the third preamble.
  • the first and second preambles are transmitted in different time periods of the first duration, and the time period for transmitting the second preamble is overlapped by the second duration.
  • the first transmission pattern defines that the first group of high-power terminal devices transmit at least one preamble selected from the second preamble pool in at least one specific time period of the first duration.
  • the determining further comprises: detecting, in a third random access opportunity for a second group of high-power terminal devices, a fourth preamble selected from the first preamble pool and a fifth preamble selected from the second preamble pool, the fourth and fifth preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the second group according to a second transmission pattern associated with the second group, the second transmission pattern being different from the first transmission pattern, and in response to the second, third, and fifth preambles being detected, determining whether a combination of the second, third, and fifth preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • the transmitting comprises: in response to determining whether a combination of the second, third, and fifth preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices, transmitting the random access response.
  • the low-power terminal device has a priority higher than priorities of other low-power terminal devices served by a network device, the priority of the low-power terminal device being based on at least one of a coverage extension level of the terminal device, a latency requirement of the terminal device, and a type of service application on the terminal device.
  • Fig. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 800 can be implemented at the high-power terminal device 130 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the high-power terminal device 130 with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the high-power terminal device 130 selects a first preamble from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the terminal device being a high-power terminal device, the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool.
  • the high-power terminal device 130 transmits the first and second preambles to a network device in a first random access opportunity according to a first transmission pattern associated with a first group of high-power terminal devices, the terminal device being included in the first group, the second preamble being transmitted to facilitate in combination with a third preamble detected in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device to determine a random access response to the low-power terminal device, and the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other.
  • the second preamble is selected randomly by the at least one high-power terminal device from the second preamble pool, and wherein the third preamble is selected by the low-power terminal device from the second preamble pool according to the combination specific to the type of low-power terminal devices.
  • a first duration for the first random access opportunity and a second duration for the second random access opportunity are divided into a number of time periods for transmitting individual preambles, and wherein the time period for transmitting the second preamble is configured to be separated from the time period for transmitting the third preamble.
  • the first and second preambles are transmitted in different time periods of the first duration, and the time period for transmitting the second preamble is overlapped by the second duration.
  • the first transmission pattern defines that the first group of high-power terminal devices transmit at least one preamble selected from the second preamble pool in at least one specific time period of the first duration.
  • the low-power terminal device has a priority higher than priorities of other low-power terminal devices served by the network device, the priority of the low-power terminal device being based on at least one of a coverage extension level of the terminal device, a latency requirement of the terminal device, and a type of service application on the terminal device.
  • an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 700.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for detecting, in a first random access opportunity for a first group of high-power terminal devices, a first preamble selected from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble selected from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the first and second preambles being transmitted by at least one high-power terminal device in the first group according to a first transmission pattern associated with the first group, and the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; means for detecting a third preamble selected from the first preamble pool in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device; means for, in response to the second and third preambles being detected, determining whether a combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of low-power terminal devices; and means for, in response to determining that the combination of the second and third preambles is specific to the type of
  • the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
  • an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 800.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for selecting a first preamble from a first preamble pool specific for a type of high-power terminal devices and a second preamble from a second preamble pool specific for a type of low-power terminal devices, the apparatus being a high-power terminal device, the first preamble pool comprising preambles different from preambles in the second preamble pool; and means for transmitting the first and second preambles to a network device in a first random access opportunity according to a first transmission pattern associated with a first group of high-power terminal devices, the apparatus being included in the first group, the second preamble being transmitted to facilitate in combination with a third preamble detected in a second random access opportunity for a low-power terminal device to determine a random access response to the low-power terminal device, and the first and second random access opportunities at least partially overlapping with each other.
  • the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus 900 that may be embodied as or comprised in a receiver device, for example, a terminal device 120, 130 or a network device 110 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the apparatus 900 comprises at least one processor 911, such as a data processor (DP) and at least one memory (MEM) 912 coupled to the processor 911.
  • the apparatus 99 may further include a transmitter TX and receiver RX 913 coupled to the processor 911, which may be operable to communicatively connect to other apparatuses.
  • the MEM 912 stores a program or computer program code 914.
  • the at least one memory 912 and the computer program code 914 are configured to, with the at least one processor 911, cause the apparatus 900 at least to perform in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, for example the method 700 or 800.
  • a combination of the at least one processor 911 and the at least one MEM 912 may form processing means 915 configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer program executable by the processor 911, software, firmware, hardware or in a combination thereof.
  • the MEM 912 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples.
  • the processor 911 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • general purpose computers special purpose computers
  • microprocessors microprocessors
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • the cartier includes a computer readable storage medium and a transmission medium.
  • the computer readable storage medium may include, for example, an optical compact disk or an electronic memory device like a RAM (random access memory) , a ROM (read only memory) , Flash memory, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blue-ray disc and the like.
  • the transmission medium may include, for example, electrical, optical, radio, acoustical or other form of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, and the like.
  • various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 700 or 800 as described above with reference to Figs. 7 and 8.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above.
  • Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable media.
  • the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • any method step is suitable to be implemented as software or by hardware without changing the idea of the invention in terms of the functionality implemented;
  • MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • CMOS Complementary MOS
  • BiMOS Bipolar MOS
  • BiCMOS Bipolar CMOS
  • ECL emitter Coupled Logic
  • TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic
  • ASIC Application Specific IC
  • FPGA Field-programmable Gate Arrays
  • CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • - devices, units or means can be implemented as individual devices, units or means, but this does not exclude that they are implemented in a distributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device, unit or means is preserved;
  • an apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of an apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution/being run on a processor;
  • a device may be regarded as an apparatus or as an assembly of more than one apparatus, whether functionally in cooperation with each other or functionally independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example.

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