WO2020030518A1 - Dispositif de détection d'un arc électrique parasite et installation de distribution électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection d'un arc électrique parasite et installation de distribution électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020030518A1
WO2020030518A1 PCT/EP2019/070750 EP2019070750W WO2020030518A1 WO 2020030518 A1 WO2020030518 A1 WO 2020030518A1 EP 2019070750 W EP2019070750 W EP 2019070750W WO 2020030518 A1 WO2020030518 A1 WO 2020030518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intensity
incident light
wavelength range
electrical switchgear
detecting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/070750
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin BINDRICH
Mathis BJÖRNER
Thomas HINTZE
Stefan Lecheler
Detlef SCHWOPE
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2020030518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020030518A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/065—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for detecting an arcing fault and an electrical switching system with such a device.
  • Arc phenomena are undesirable phenomena in many cases, especially in switchgear. These arcing phenomena are called arcing faults and should be reliably detectable in electrical switchgear. Above all, arcing faults must be able to be distinguished from other light phenomena in order to be able to initiate targeted measures to reduce the damage caused by the duration of the arcing fault.
  • Arcing faults can occur in electrical switchgear due to a wide variety of events. For example, arcing can occur due to overvoltage effects between different phases or between a current-carrying phase and an earthing, for example, of the housing. In addition, accidental arcing can occur, for example due to contamination, because contamination can increase the conductivity of surfaces in electrical switchgear.
  • arcing faults can occur after maintenance of electrical switchgear, for example if tools remain unintentionally in the electrical switchgear and this tool comes into contact with live parts. It is also possible that, for example, due to vibrations caused by the switching of the electrical switches in the switchgear, the tool changes position and after such an event is placed in the electrical switchgear in such a way that arcing faults can occur.
  • Usual solutions for the detection of arcing faults only measure the occurrence of light effects in electrical
  • Switchgear which is not sufficient for the reliable detection of an arcing fault, since lighting effects can also occur due to the influence of external light without the presence of an arcing fault. Therefore, at least a second measured variable is additionally linked to the light signal in order to be able to make a decision as to whether an arcing fault is present or not.
  • the second measured variable can be formed, for example, on the basis of the monitoring of the current flow in the switchgear and, in the case of a rapidly increasing current in connection with the light effect, the decision can be made that an arcing fault is present. It is also possible to monitor the air pressure as a further measured variable and, in the event of a rapid pressure increase in connection with the light effect, to make the decision that an arcing fault is present.
  • the arrangement for space-selective detection consists of arc detectors with optical waveguides, into which the intrinsic optical radiation of an arcing fault is coupled, the arrangement consists of at least one spectrally selective receiving device, at least one non-spectrally selective working optical receiving module and a logic part for logic linking of the signals of the receiving device and the receiving module, the receiving surfaces of the optical fibers being arranged in isolated rooms of the switchgear, and wherein the individual assigned to the rooms optical waveguides are assigned separate receiving elements of the receiving module, while a sum signal derived from the individual rooms is fed to the receiving device.
  • WO 2010/015269 A1 discloses a method for monitoring the operating state of an electrical machine.
  • the method for monitoring the operating state selectively detects a radiation intensity in a wavelength range of a absorption band from an ionization product by means of an infrared sensor which is aligned via an air gap with at least part of the electrical machine and at least one parameter for the partial discharge activity within the electrical machine the measured radiation intensity as a measure of the operating state of the electrical machine, it averages.
  • WO 2017/045778 A1 discloses a device for detecting an arcing fault, which has a sensor for the detection of absorption lines from the incident light and an evaluation unit which generates an evaluation signal in the presence of characteristic absorption lines.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an improved device for detecting an arcing fault and an electrical switchgear with such a device that can quickly and very reliably detect an arc, so that suitable measures can be initiated quickly.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by the device for detecting an arcing fault according to claim 1.
  • the object is also achieved by the electrical switchgear assembly according to claim 9.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the electrical switchgear are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the device for detecting an arcing fault in a falling light has means for detecting the intensity of the incident light in at least two wavelength ranges, at least one first wavelength range being selected such that the intensity of the incident light in this first wavelength range The presence of an arcing fault is high and at least one second wavelength range is selected such that the intensity of the incident light in this second wavelength range is low when there is an arcing fault, and an evaluation unit that detects a high intensity of the incident light in at least one when a high intensity of the incident light is detected generates an evaluation signal in the first wavelength range and a low intensity of the incident light in the at least one second wavelength range.
  • the device according to the invention very reliably detects an arcing fault by the fact that first wavelength ranges which have a high intensity in the case of an arcing fault (for example wavelength ranges which are characteristic of the evaporation of metals) are monitored and, at the same time, second wavelengths Areas that have a higher intensity in other light, but a low intensity in an arcing fault, are monitored and the presence of an arcing fault is only indicated if both in the first wavelength ranges a high intensity and in the second wavelength ranges a low one Intensity is detected.
  • first wavelength ranges which have a high intensity in the case of an arcing fault for example wavelength ranges which are characteristic of the evaporation of metals
  • second wavelengths Areas that have a higher intensity in other light, but a low intensity in an arcing fault are monitored and the presence of an arcing fault is only indicated if both in the first wavelength ranges a high intensity and in the second wavelength ranges a low one Intensity is detected.
  • the means (s) for detecting the intensity of the incident light have at least two optical sensors, at least one first optical sensor having first optical bandpass filtering which allows the first wavelength range to pass and at least one second optical sensor having a second one has optical bandpass filtering that allows the second wavelength range to pass.
  • the first and / or second optical bandpass filtering can be integrated in a first and / or second light guide between the sensor and the location of the incidence of light.
  • the first and / or second optical bandpass filtering is preferably narrowband and in particular has a wavelength range of 50 nm or less. Filters with band widths of 10 nm, 25 nm or 50 nm are available as series products, for example from the manufacturer Edmund Optics. The aforementioned bandwidths can be used in connection with the vorlie invention. At this point, it should be pointed out that two or more bandpass filters with separate bandpass filters or a multi-bandpass filter which is designed for the corresponding wavelength ranges can be carried out.
  • a plurality of first and / or a plurality of second wavelength ranges are monitored in order to ensure more reliable detection of an arc.
  • Numerous combinations are conceivable and in practical implementations, the increase in reliability will have to be weighed against the costs of the required detectors and filter media.
  • Devices are preferred in which at least two first wavelength ranges and / or at least two second wavelength ranges are evaluated.
  • three first and three second wavelength ranges are evaluated and an evaluation signal is generated when a high intensity is detected in at least one of the first three wavelength ranges and a low intensity in at least one of the three second wavelength ranges is detected.
  • the total intensity of the incident light can also be determined and the evaluation signal is only generated if the total intensity of the incident light is above a threshold value.
  • the available detector means is preferably used to determine the total intensity, for example by the evaluation unit summing the intensities in the first and second wavelength ranges and comparing the total value with the threshold value.
  • the at least one first wavelength range from the group 300-350 nm, 475-525 nm and 750-800 nm and the at least one second wavelength range from the group 545-575 nm,
  • the present invention further relates to an electrical switchgear assembly according to claim 9.
  • a switchgear assembly ge has a device for detecting an arcing fault according to one of the preceding claims, the means for detecting the intensity of the incident light of the device detecting / detecting the light within the electrical switchgear.
  • the evaluation signal triggers measures for reducing and / or for extinguishing the arcing fault.
  • the / the means for detecting the intensity of the incident light of the device is / are arranged within the electrical switchgear.
  • the electrical switchgear has busbars that are at least partially made of copper or aluminum.
  • the electrical switchgear has a housing that is at least partially made of iron or steel.
  • the evaluation unit can generate an evaluation signal within a few milliseconds.
  • the means (s) for detecting the intensity of the incident light and the (electronic) components of the evaluation unit are preferably selected such that an evaluation signal is generated in less than 6 milliseconds.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present inven tion for monitoring two wavelength ranges
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present inven tion for monitoring six wavelength ranges
  • Fig. 3 shows a spectral analysis of a typical arcing fault
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a switchgear with an exemplary device for detecting an arcing fault, wherein the evaluation unit is arranged outside the switchgear.
  • the device 100 for detecting an arcing fault is shown in incident light.
  • the device 100 has detector means 110 for detecting the intensity of the incident light in at least two wavelength ranges.
  • the detector means are formed by two sensors 111, 112, the first sensor 111 detecting the light intensity in a first wavelength range and the second sensor 112 detecting the light intensity in a second wavelength range.
  • the two wavelength ranges are selected so that the intensity of the incident light in the first wavelength range is high when an arcing fault is present and the intensity of the incident light in the second wavelength range is low when an arcing fault is present.
  • the sensors 111, 112 detect light in the corresponding ones
  • Wavelength ranges for example in that the sensors have a corresponding sensor characteristic (for example the first sensor only detects wavelengths of 300-350 nm and the second sensor only detects wavelengths of 875-925 nm) or in that the sensors have integrated filters or in which the sensors Filters are connected upstream in the direction of light incidence (not shown).
  • the selection of the wavelength ranges depends on the application, specifically on which substances / elements are involved in arcing and which substances / elements are not involved in arcing.
  • the first wavelength range is selected accordingly so that the spectral intensity of the substances / elements involved in the arcing (e.g. electrode or contact material) is detectably high and the second wavelength range is selected so that the spectral intensity of the substances involved in the arcing / Elements is as small as possible, but other light phenomena in this second wavelength range have a detectably high intensity.
  • An evaluation unit 120 receives the signals from the detector means 110, in the example in FIG. 1 the sensors 111 and 112 and generates an evaluation signal at an output 121 therefrom.
  • the evaluation signal is displayed when the intensity detected by the first sensor 111, which detects the first wavelength range, is high and, at the same time, the intensity detected by the second sensor 112, which detects the second wavelength range, is low.
  • the evaluation signal is not generated or a negative evaluation signal is generated, i.e. that is, when both sensors simultaneously detect low intensities or when both sensors simultaneously detect high intensities or when the first sensor detects a low intensity and at the same time the second sensor detects a high intensity.
  • an overall light intensity can be determined by means of an additional broadband sensor (not shown) or by summing the intensities of the intensity values supplied by the individual sensors. This can then be used by the evaluation unit when generating the evaluation Signals are taken into account by not generating the evaluation signal if the total intensity does not exceed a threshold value.
  • Suitable narrow, non-overlapping wavelength ranges are preferably selected in order to avoid spectral influences of substances / elements involved in the arcing fault on the second wavelength range and to ensure that with the first wavelength range the spectral influences of other substances / elements that are not associated with the arcing fault Related, are recorded to the smallest possible extent.
  • Suitable wavelength ranges for the first Wavelenbe are shown in Fig. 3 and with S1, S2 and S5 be characterized.
  • Suitable wavelength ranges for the second wavelength range are shown in Fig. 3 and designated S3, S4 and S6. These wavelength ranges are discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 2.
  • a suitable bandwidth for a wavelength range is 50 nm, not least because suitable filters are commercially available.
  • other bandwidths can be selected, primarily depending on the spectral behavior of the substances / elements potentially involved in the arcing fault and the regular spectral conditions (e.g. spectrum of the ambient light or any heat radiation present).
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the detector means have six sensors 111..116.
  • the selection criteria discussed in connection with FIG. 1 apply analogously to the choice of the sensors 111..116 and in particular their sensor characteristics or their filters. Specifically, the following sensors were selected in the example in FIG. 2:
  • the bandwidths selected by way of example correspond to 50 nm, with the exception of S3 with a bandwidth of 30 nm.
  • the wavelength ranges were selected on the basis of an examination of the substances / elements of an exemplary switchgear potentially involved in the arcing fault. The spectral properties of the arcing fault of this switchgear are shown in Fig. 3 Darge. For better traceability, the shaft areas of the sensors S1..S6 were identified in FIG. 3.
  • the evaluation unit 120 in this exemplary embodiment processes the signals from the six sensors 111..116. 3 shows the following signal distribution with an ideal arcing fault:
  • the evaluation unit 120 compares the signals actually delivered by the sensors 111..116 with the signal distribution of the ideal arcing fault and generates the evaluation signal at the output 121 when the signals supplied correspond to the signal distribution of the ideal arcing fault.
  • the evaluation signal can be generated if one or more sensors, for example due to a defect, provide implausible or deviating values, provided that the other sensors provide plausible values that correspond to the signal distribution of the ideal arcing fault.
  • One or more sensors can be defined as "necessary", which means that an evaluation signal is only generated if at least the signals of the sensors defined as necessary match the signal distribution of the ideal arcing fault.
  • three sensors S1, S2 and S5 were selected such that they detect different first wavelength ranges, which are distinguished by the fact that the substances / elements involved in the internal arc are characteristic and detectable spectral components in these three first wavelength ranges cause.
  • Another three sensors S3, S4 and S6 were selected so that they detect different second wavelength ranges, which are characterized in that the substances / elements involved in the arcing fault cause only small spectral components in these three second wavelength ranges.
  • four sensors can of course also be selected such that they detect different first wavelengths, and accordingly two sensors can be selected such that they detect different second wavelengths.
  • a total light intensity can additionally be determined by means of an additional broadband sensor (not shown) or by summing the intensities of the intensity values supplied by the individual sensors. This can then be taken into account by the evaluation unit when generating the evaluation signal, in that the evaluation signal is not generated if the total intensity does not exceed a threshold value.
  • an electrical switchgear 200 is provided with a device 100 for detecting an arcing fault.
  • the detector means 110 for example comprising six sensors 111..116 as in the example in FIG. 2, detect optical events in an interior of the electrical switchgear 200.
  • the detector means 110 are in the interior of the switchgear . It is also conceivable that the detector means 110 detect the optical events in the interior of the electrical switchgear 200 through a window (not shown) or by means of light guides, but the detector means 110 itself are arranged outside the electrical switchgear 200.
  • the evaluation unit 120 from which the evaluation signal is generated, can be arranged outside the interior of the switchgear 200, as shown in FIG. 4. It is of course also possible to arrange the evaluation unit 120 in an interior of the switchgear, e.g. to share it with the
  • the evaluation signal which is present at the output (not shown in FIG. 4) of the evaluation unit 120, can be further processed to trigger measures for reduction or to extinguish the arcing fault.
  • the current of the electrical switchgear 200 can be switched off or reduced when the evaluation signal is present.
  • the evaluation unit 120 or a switching unit downstream of it can alternatively or additionally switch over to a low-impedance path so that the arcing fault is extinguished by this rapid grounding.
  • the electrical switchgear 200 comprises busbars 210, 220, 230, which are made, for example, of copper or aluminum. If an arc occurs on the busbars, the material from which the busbars are made is evaporated. Thus, spectral components caused by the elements copper or aluminum are detected by the detector means 110 and for such switchgear at least one first wavelength range is selected which is characteristic of copper or aluminum and at least a second wavelength range in which Copper or aluminum do not cause any noteworthy spectral components.
  • the electrical switchgear will usually have a housing which can be made of iron or steel. If there is an internal arc on the electrical housing
  • Switchgear 200 occurs, the detector means 110 will detect spectral components caused by iron and for such a switchgear preferably at least one further first wavelength range is selected which is characteristic of iron and preferably at least one further second wavelength range in which iron does not noteworthy spectral components. Since not every arcing fault leads from / to the housing, with reference to FIG. 2 it makes sense to use a sensor that exclusively or largely detects spectral components of iron or steel as an option when evaluated by the evaluation unit, but not to be treated as necessary, ie to generate the evaluation signal even when this sensor does not detect a high intensity.
  • the present invention and in particular the exemplary embodiments with several sensors, each of which detects individual wavelength ranges, enable a particularly rapid detection of an arcing fault, because the intensity measurement solution for the individual wavelength ranges in parallel by means of several independent and inexpensive sensors, for example photodiodes with corresponding narrowband bandpass filters , it can follow and the measured values are available within microseconds.
  • An evaluation unit constructed from fast electronic modules can then be used to ensure that a reliable evaluation signal is available very quickly, preferably within 6 milliseconds and particularly preferably within 1 millisecond after the occurrence of the arcing fault.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif (100) de détection d'un arc électrique parasite dans une lumière incidente. Un dispositif selon l'invention comprend un moyen (110) pour la détection de l'intensité de la lumière incidente dans au moins deux domaines de longueurs d'onde, au moins un premier domaine de longueurs d'onde étant choisi de sorte que l'intensité de la lumière incidente dans ce premier domaine de longueurs d'onde est forte en présence d'un arc électrique parasite et au moins un second domaine de longueurs d'onde est choisi de sorte que l'intensité de la lumière incidente dans ce second domaine de longueurs d'onde est faible en présence d'un arc électrique parasite. Un dispositif selon la présente invention comprend en outre une unité d'évaluation (120) qui génère un signal d'évaluation lors de la détection d'une forte intensité de la lumière incidente dans le ou les premiers domaines de longueurs d'onde et d'une faible intensité de la lumière incidente dans le ou les seconds domaines de longueurs d'onde.
PCT/EP2019/070750 2018-08-07 2019-08-01 Dispositif de détection d'un arc électrique parasite et installation de distribution électrique WO2020030518A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018213231.3A DE102018213231A1 (de) 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 Vorrichtung zur Erkennung eines Störlichtbogens und elektrische Schaltanlage
DE102018213231.3 2018-08-07

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WO2020030518A1 true WO2020030518A1 (fr) 2020-02-13

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020211797A1 (de) 2020-09-22 2022-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erkennen eines Kurzschlusses in einer Schaltanlage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29502452U1 (de) 1995-02-15 1996-06-13 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Anordnung zur raumselektiven Erfassung von Störlichtbögen in Schaltanlagen
EP1077518A2 (fr) * 1999-08-16 2001-02-21 Eaton Corporation Dispositif et procédé de détection optique de défauts d'arc dans des systèmes de puissance électrique en présence d'autres sources de lumière
WO2010015269A1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de surveillance de l’état de fonctionnement d’une machine électrique, dispositif ayant une machine électrique, et capteur infrarouge
DE102014112723A1 (de) * 2014-09-04 2016-03-10 Eaton Industries Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Unterscheidung eines Lichtbogens von einem leuchtenden Gas enthaltend zumindest Metalldampf
WO2017045778A1 (fr) 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif permettant d'identifier un arc électrique parasite et installation de distribution électrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29502452U1 (de) 1995-02-15 1996-06-13 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Anordnung zur raumselektiven Erfassung von Störlichtbögen in Schaltanlagen
EP1077518A2 (fr) * 1999-08-16 2001-02-21 Eaton Corporation Dispositif et procédé de détection optique de défauts d'arc dans des systèmes de puissance électrique en présence d'autres sources de lumière
WO2010015269A1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de surveillance de l’état de fonctionnement d’une machine électrique, dispositif ayant une machine électrique, et capteur infrarouge
DE102014112723A1 (de) * 2014-09-04 2016-03-10 Eaton Industries Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Unterscheidung eines Lichtbogens von einem leuchtenden Gas enthaltend zumindest Metalldampf
WO2017045778A1 (fr) 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif permettant d'identifier un arc électrique parasite et installation de distribution électrique

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