WO2020030341A1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un onduleur, dispositif de commande pour un onduleur et onduleur - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un onduleur, dispositif de commande pour un onduleur et onduleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020030341A1
WO2020030341A1 PCT/EP2019/066492 EP2019066492W WO2020030341A1 WO 2020030341 A1 WO2020030341 A1 WO 2020030341A1 EP 2019066492 W EP2019066492 W EP 2019066492W WO 2020030341 A1 WO2020030341 A1 WO 2020030341A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
measures
control device
overheating
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/066492
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joerg Heyse
Helge SPRENGER
Juergen Sierts
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2020030341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020030341A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an inverter and a corresponding control device for an inverter.
  • the invention further relates to an inverter.
  • the invention is directed to inverters for driving electrical machines, for example for vehicles.
  • Inverters are connected to energy sources and convert a direct current provided into alternating current, which is provided to an electrical machine.
  • the inverters include electronic components and
  • Components are monitored so that countermeasures can be initiated at an early stage
  • a method for operating an inverter is known from DE 10 2011 076908 A1, the temperatures of parts of the phase systems of the inverter being determined and an error in a cooling device of the inverter being detected as a function of the temperatures.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating an inverter with the features of claim 1, a control device for an inverter with the features of claim 9, and an inverter with the features of claim 11. According to a first aspect, the invention accordingly relates to a method for operating an inverter, at least one to avoid overheating
  • Measure is selected and carried out from a large number of predefined measures for regulating the inverter, the measures being suitable for avoiding overheating.
  • the invention relates to a control device for an inverter, the control device for avoiding overheating selecting at least one measure from a large number of predetermined measures for regulating the inverter and regulating the inverter according to the selected at least one measure, the measures being suitable To avoid overheating.
  • the invention relates to an inverter with a control device.
  • the invention provides measures for regulating the inverter. This means that the power or energy consumption or output of the inverter is reduced in order to prevent damage or destruction of temperature-sensitive components.
  • a limitation can be understood as the limitation of the power loss or waste heat of the inverter. Different measures differ in the control or regulation of different operating parameters of the inverter.
  • a single measure or a combination of several measures is therefore preferably selected in such a way that, depending on the situation, particularly relevant disadvantages are avoided or corresponding advantages of the measures are used.
  • the measures for curtailment can lower the
  • the switching frequency or clock frequency can be understood to mean the frequency of a pulse pattern with which the switches of a power module are controlled.
  • the switches can be IGBTs or silicon carbide diodes (SiC diodes) and the power module can be a B6 bridge of a three-phase electrical machine, but the invention is not restricted to this arrangement.
  • Pulse pattern is a pulse width modulated voltage signal in order to convert the DC voltage provided by a battery into AC voltages, for example for the phases of an electrical machine.
  • the switching frequency can be reduced continuously or in discrete steps. With this type of limitation, the drive power of the driven electrical machine is still fully available.
  • a disadvantage is an increase in the ripple of the
  • the lowering of the switching frequency is therefore weighted exclusively or particularly heavily and used to limit the waste heat.
  • Another possible measure for regulating the inverter is to limit a phase current with which the inverter is controlled.
  • An advantage of such a method is that the waviness of the inverter
  • Phase current is preferred. In addition, good performance can still be ensured at high speeds.
  • a further measure for regulating the inverter can consist in limiting the direct current of the inverter.
  • a weighting of the individual measures can lead to a compromise, so that none of the negative effects on their own is too strong.
  • At least two measures are taken
  • the at least one measure for regulating the inverter is carried out precisely when an overheating condition of the inverter or of the electrical machine that is present or imminent in the future is determined. This can be done, for example, by measuring the temperature of the inverter or the electrical machine. More generally, both the current and a future temperature can be determined. The temperature values can be determined by measuring the temperature and / or by calculating or predicting the temperature. For example, the
  • Temperatures of power modules of the inverter can be measured. Can continue the maximum can also be determined from a plurality of measured temperatures and the measure for regulating the inverter can be carried out on the basis of the maximum value of the temperature determined in this way. In normal
  • the switching frequency can be set to a high value, for example an output value of 10 kHz. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the switching frequency is reduced. For example, the
  • Switching frequency can be reduced linearly.
  • the switching frequency can also be reduced step by step or suddenly.
  • a hysteresis is preferably taken into account here in order to prevent frequent switching of the switching frequency.
  • the switching frequency is reduced from a higher first value to a lower second value. If the temperature drops below a second temperature threshold again, the switching frequency is increased again to the higher first value.
  • Hysteresis means that the second temperature threshold is lower than the first
  • Temperature model are carried out. This means that the thermal behavior of components of the inverter or of the entire inverter is simulated in a software model.
  • the current or future temperature of the components or the inverter can be calculated using one or more parameters.
  • the parameters can include a coolant flow and / or a coolant temperature of a cooling device, the cooling device cooling the inverter or the components of the inverter. The bigger the
  • Coolant flow and the lower the coolant temperature the more efficiently the inverter is cooled, which leads to a lower temperature or a lower temperature rise.
  • Other parameters can be the phase current with which the inverter is controlled and the battery voltage. While the phase current mainly determines the contribution of the time losses, there is a direct connection between the battery voltage and switching losses. The too
  • taking into account parameters can further include the currently measured temperatures in order to determine a prediction of a future temperature.
  • the model can be used to estimate which measure must be carried out to limit the inverter so that a predetermined maximum temperature is not exceeded. For example, it can be determined how the switching frequency must be reduced in order to achieve this.
  • the measures for regulating the inverter can be carried out as a function of an operating point of an electrical machine controlled by the inverter. So for different working points, d. H. Different values of the speed and torque of the electrical machine, different measures to limit the inverter
  • a lowering of the switching frequency with which the inverter is controlled can be weighted particularly strongly for speeds less than a predetermined threshold value, approximately 100 revolutions per minute, and for torques greater than a predetermined threshold value.
  • a limitation of the phase current can be particularly heavily weighted for speeds less than a predetermined value, approximately 6000 revolutions per minute, which, however, can also depend on a gear ratio and a wheel circumference.
  • the different weights of the different measures can change continuously as a function of the working point.
  • the switching frequency can be reduced as a function of a desired phase current.
  • the switching frequency in the normal state i.e. for a requested phase current, which does not exceed a predetermined threshold value, can be set to a high output value, for example 10 kHz.
  • the switching frequency is reduced.
  • the switching frequency can be reduced linearly or stepwise, a different functional relationship also being possible.
  • the relationship between the working point and the weights of the different measures is all in one
  • an influencing variable is determined for each of the measures for curtailment.
  • the weighting of the measures for curtailment are set depending on the determined influencing factors.
  • the influencing variables can parameterize the negative effects of the various measures for curtailment. How negatively a certain measure is assessed can depend, for example, on the driving situation of the vehicle.
  • Cooling device the various power modules of the inverter in
  • a coolant flows past a first power module, it will heat up, so that a subsequent second power module is cooled to a lesser extent. This allows the
  • Asymmetric loads can also occur at low speeds, i.e. small electrical frequencies, and at standstill, since in this case not the same phase current flows in all power modules.
  • the switching frequency can now be reduced more, according to an example.
  • Asymmetric loads can also be dealt with on the basis of a temperature model described above, in that further parameters are taken into account, for example an electrical frequency or rotational speeds and / or an electrical angle or a rotor position.
  • control device weights the measures for the regulation depending on an operating point of an electrical machine operated by the inverter.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a control device for a
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary section-wise linear reduction in the switching frequency as a function of the temperature
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary step-by-step reduction of the switching frequency
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary linear reduction in the switching frequency as a function of the requested phase current
  • FIG. 5 shows schematic temperature dependencies of control factors
  • FIG. 6 shows schematic temperature dependencies of control factors
  • FIG. 7 shows schematic temperature dependencies of control factors
  • Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of an inverter according to one
  • FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a control device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the control device 1 has an interface 3, which is coupled to an inverter 2. Operating state information of the inverter 2 is received via the interface 3 and control signals are sent to the inverter 2.
  • the inverter 2 is connected to an energy source which provides direct current.
  • the inverter 2 converts the direct current provided into
  • the control device 1 further comprises a computing device 4 which has one or more microprocessors and is designed to evaluate the operating state information received via the interface 3 and to generate the control signals for actuating the inverter 2.
  • the operating state information can include, for example, the current temperature or a temperature of the inverter 2 or one or more components of the inverter 2 predetermined on the basis of a model.
  • Operating state information can also include information relating to the current operating point of the electrical machine 5, i. H. a speed and a torque of the electrical machine 5. Furthermore, the
  • Operating status information includes measured variables, which are an instantaneous
  • the operating status information can include navigation data of the vehicle, for example information as to whether the vehicle is driving uphill.
  • the control device 1 can now select one or more measures for curtailment of an inverter from a set of curtailment measures. As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 1 can linearly reduce the switching frequency of the inverter if the measured current or predetermined temperature exceeds a first threshold value T1. If the temperature exceeds a second threshold value T2, a greater linear decrease can take place, up to a maximum permissible temperature T3.
  • the switching frequency can be, for example, from originally 10 kHz to 7 kHz at the second threshold value T2 to 4 kHz at the maximum permissible
  • the switching frequency can also be reduced in steps, a hysteresis preferably being taken into account.
  • the switching frequency can also be reduced as a function of a requested phase current.
  • control device 1 can further limit factors F_i for a plurality, ie at least two measures for - io -
  • the regulation factors F_i quantify a reduction in the respective assigned control parameters.
  • the curtailment factors F_i can, for example, be selected such that a total curtailment, that is to say a development of the waste heat, follows a predetermined course as a function of the measured temperature of the inverter 2.
  • the regulation between a lower temperature value T_u and an upper temperature value T_o can be linear.
  • the curtailment begins at an initial factor of 1 (no curtailment) and reduces to a lower factor, which can be greater than zero, but is preferably zero.
  • the regulation factors F_i can depend on one or more weighting parameters.
  • a first reduction factor F_l corresponds to a limitation of the phase current of the inverter 2 and a second reduction factor F_2 corresponds to a reduction in the switching frequency, for example the gate driver frequency of the inverter 2.
  • the reduction factors F_l, F_2 can be dependent on a weighting parameter z between the lower temperature value T u and the upper temperature value T_o can be selected as follows:
  • FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, courses of the reduction factors F_1, F_2 for a value of the weighting parameter z of 1.
  • the second regulation factor F_2 assumes a constant value of 1, ie there is no regulation by lowering the switching frequency. In this case there is only one Limitation of the phase current, the phase current above the lower
  • Temperature value T u decreases linearly with temperature.
  • the weighting parameter z assumes a value of 0. In this case, only the switching frequency is reduced, but the phase current remains unchanged.
  • FIG. 7 shows a course of the reduction factors F_l, F_2 for one
  • Weighting parameter z of 0.75 illustrated.
  • the regulation of the inverter 2 includes both a reduction in the switching frequency and a reduction in the phase current.
  • the reduction factor F_l or F_2 is overweighted if the corresponding measure has fewer disadvantages than the other measure. If the disadvantages are roughly equivalent, the weighting parameter is selected equal to 0.5. In general, both measures for regulating the inverter 2 have disadvantages, so that no decision conflict can arise due to the lack of disadvantages. In general, the weighting parameter z will also be greater than 0 and less than 1.
  • the weighting parameter z can be set by the computing device 4 as a function of the operating state information.
  • the weighting parameter z can be set, for example, on the basis of the current operating point of the electrical machine 5, for example on the basis of an operating map.
  • Weighting parameter z is also possible on the basis of the current drive power of the electrical machine 5, on the basis of the current noise development or on the basis of the navigation data. Furthermore, several of these factors can also be taken into account for setting the weighting parameter z.
  • Inverter 2 can be set, any number of measures for reducing the inverter 2 can be combined.
  • the weighting parameter z can also be set on the basis of current influencing variables N_i.
  • the current influencing variables N_i can have the disadvantages of each
  • the value of the current influencing variables N_i can depend on the operating situation of the inverter 2 or the electric machine 5 and can be set, for example, on the basis of the operating state information. For example, the influences of Ripples on the
  • Noise development can be quantified by measuring currents and voltages.
  • a lack of drive power can be quantified using a target-actual torque comparison.
  • the weighting factor can be selected depending on the influencing variables N_i.
  • the influencing variables are each greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
  • the weighting parameter z is set by the computing device 4 according to the following equation:
  • Computing device 4 a corresponding control signal for regulating the
  • Inverter 2 which is transmitted to the inverter 2 via the interface 3.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an inverter 2. Accordingly, the control device 1 can also be integrated directly into the inverter 2, i. H. the inverter 2 has the control device 1 described above.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for operating an inverter 2.
  • a first method step S1 it is recognized that the inverter 2 or an electrical machine 5 operated by the inverter 2 is in one
  • an overheating condition can be determined if the temperature of the inverter 2 or the electric machine 5 exceeds a predetermined temperature value T_u.
  • a weighting of various measures for curtailment of the inverter 2 is carried out in a method step S2. For this purpose, further information, in particular regarding an operating point of the electrical machine 5, can be taken into account.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un onduleur (2), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une mesure est sélectionnée et mise en oeuvre, parmi une pluralité de mesures prédéfinies pour réguler l'onduleur (2), pour éviter une surchauffe, ces mesures permettant d'éviter une surchauffe.
PCT/EP2019/066492 2018-08-08 2019-06-21 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un onduleur, dispositif de commande pour un onduleur et onduleur WO2020030341A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018213336.0A DE102018213336A1 (de) 2018-08-08 2018-08-08 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wechselrichters, Steuervorrichtung für einen Wechselrichter und Wechselrichter
DE102018213336.0 2018-08-08

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WO2020030341A1 true WO2020030341A1 (fr) 2020-02-13

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PCT/EP2019/066492 WO2020030341A1 (fr) 2018-08-08 2019-06-21 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un onduleur, dispositif de commande pour un onduleur et onduleur

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WO (1) WO2020030341A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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US11387770B2 (en) * 2018-10-02 2022-07-12 Nuvoton Technology Corporation Power driving chip and method thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022117618A1 (de) 2022-07-14 2024-01-25 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Aktive thermische Regelung eines Wechselrichters

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US20040024937A1 (en) * 2002-04-15 2004-02-05 Airak, Inc. Power inverter with optical isolation
DE102011076908A1 (de) 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wechselrichters sowie Wechselrichter
US20170187320A1 (en) * 2015-12-24 2017-06-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Inverter unit
US20170288595A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2017-10-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motor drive apparatus and air conditioner
US20180054153A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-02-22 Hyundai Motor Company System and method for controlling switching frequency

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040024937A1 (en) * 2002-04-15 2004-02-05 Airak, Inc. Power inverter with optical isolation
DE102011076908A1 (de) 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wechselrichters sowie Wechselrichter
US20170288595A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2017-10-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motor drive apparatus and air conditioner
US20170187320A1 (en) * 2015-12-24 2017-06-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Inverter unit
US20180054153A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-02-22 Hyundai Motor Company System and method for controlling switching frequency

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Title
KACZOROWSKI DENNIS ET AL: "A novel thermal management algorithm for improved lifetime and overload capabilities of traction converters", 2015 17TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (EPE'15 ECCE-EUROPE), JOINTLY OWNED BY EPE ASSOCIATION AND IEEE PELS, 8 September 2015 (2015-09-08), pages 1 - 10, XP032800265, DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309262 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11387770B2 (en) * 2018-10-02 2022-07-12 Nuvoton Technology Corporation Power driving chip and method thereof

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