WO2020030335A1 - Système capteur pour déterminer une température et au moins une caractéristique de rotation d'un élément tournant autour d'au moins un axe de rotation - Google Patents

Système capteur pour déterminer une température et au moins une caractéristique de rotation d'un élément tournant autour d'au moins un axe de rotation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020030335A1
WO2020030335A1 PCT/EP2019/065762 EP2019065762W WO2020030335A1 WO 2020030335 A1 WO2020030335 A1 WO 2020030335A1 EP 2019065762 W EP2019065762 W EP 2019065762W WO 2020030335 A1 WO2020030335 A1 WO 2020030335A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
temperature
signal
rotating element
sensor system
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2019/065762
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Radoslav Rusanov
Fabian Utermoehlen
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2020030335A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020030335A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/204—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils
    • G01D5/2053—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils by a movable non-ferromagnetic conductive element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/08—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/488—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors

Definitions

  • asynchronous machines For example, to implement traction in electric vehicles, either asynchronous machines or synchronous machines are often used, each of which consists of a stationary stator and a rotating rotor.
  • the stator generally carries three winding strands, for example offset by 120 ° / p to one another, where p represents a number of pole pairs.
  • the rotor In asynchronous machines, the rotor usually consists of electrically conductive rods which are short-circuited at the ends. When a rotor field rotates, a voltage can be induced in the rods, which causes a current to flow, which in turn turns on
  • the rotor comprises a rotor which carries an excitation coil in which a direct current flows and generates a static magnetic field.
  • you can a permanent magnet can be used as a rotor. It is then a permanently excited synchronous machine, which has a higher efficiency due to the powerless excitation and so for
  • a speed of the rotor can be identical to the speed of an excitation field.
  • the torque can depend on a phase offset, that is to say an angular difference between the stator field and the rotor.
  • Asynchronous machines know the speed of the rotor and for synchronous machines an absolute angular position of the rotor. In both cases,
  • Synchronous machines and asynchronous machines the direction of rotation must also be determined, in particular for reasons of functional safety.
  • the maximum performance of the machine can also be achieved by a stator and
  • Rotor temperature may be limited.
  • resolvers This is an electromagnetic one
  • Transmitter in which a rotor package is mounted on the shaft of the motor at a fixed speed.
  • An excitation coil and several receiver coils are mounted on a stator all the way round in a ring.
  • An AC voltage signal is applied to the excitation coil and passes through the entire arrangement with an alternating electromagnetic field.
  • a sinusoidal amplitude-modulated voltage can be induced in a first receiver coil, while a cosine-shaped amplitude-modulated voltage is induced in a second receiver coil.
  • the rotor temperature which can be critical especially with asynchronous machines, because high currents flow in the squirrel-cage rotor, has not been determined so far and is only calculated using models. Above all, the lack of measurement information about the rotor temperature limits the performance of the electrical machine and makes one
  • photodiodes based on, for example, Ge or InGaAs which have a sensitivity in particular in the near infrared range and can thus be used for contactless temperature measurement.
  • a sensor system for determining a temperature and at least one rotational property of an element rotating about at least one axis of rotation is proposed.
  • a “sensor” is basically understood to mean any device that is suitable, at least one
  • a “system” can be understood to mean any device that has at least two components. Under a sensor system to determine the temperature and the
  • Rotation property is accordingly understood to be a sensor system which is set up to detect, for example measure, the at least one temperature and at least one rotation property and which, for example, can generate at least one electrical signal corresponding to the detected property, such as a voltage or a Electricity. Combinations of properties can also be recorded.
  • a “rotational characteristic” is basically understood to be a property that at least partially describes the rotation of the rotating element. This can be, for example, an angular velocity, a speed, a
  • the rotating element can at least partially characterize a continuous or discontinuous, uniform or non-uniform rotation or rotation of the rotating element.
  • Rotation property is a position, in particular an angular position, a speed, an angular acceleration or a combination of at least two of these quantities. Other properties and / or other combinations of properties can also be ascertainable.
  • an “angular position” basically means an angle of rotation of a rotatable device, for example of the rotating element or of a sensor wheel, with respect to one perpendicular to the
  • the sensor system can in particular be set up for use in a motor vehicle, in particular for traction applications for electrical machines.
  • a “rotating element” is basically understood to mean any element which rotates about at least one axis.
  • the rotating element can be a shaft, for example a shaft in a drive machine, for example a camshaft or a crankshaft.
  • a shaft for example a shaft in a drive machine, for example a camshaft or a crankshaft.
  • a crankshaft for example, a crankshaft.
  • Angular position of a camshaft or a speed of a camshaft or an angular acceleration of a camshaft or a combination of at least two of these quantities can be determined.
  • Other properties and / or other combinations of properties can also be ascertainable.
  • the sensor system comprises at least one temperature sensor, which is set up to record at least one temperature of the rotating element.
  • the temperature sensor has a photodiode, which is set up to detect infrared radiation emitted by the rotating element and to generate an electrical current detected infrared radiation. The electrical current generated is proportional to the temperature of the rotating element.
  • the sensor system further comprises at least one inductive one
  • Position sensor which is set up to record at least one piece of information about the rotational property of the rotating element.
  • An “inductive position sensor” can in principle be understood in the context of the present invention to be any sensor that can generate information, in particular a signal, according to a detected property, in particular a measurement signal, in particular an electrical measurement signal, for example a voltage or a current, wherein the generation of the measurement signal is based on a change in a magnetic flux.
  • the detected property can include a position, for example an angular position.
  • the inductive element for example an angular position.
  • Position sensor is an inductive magnetic sensor.
  • the inductive position sensor can be an inductive rotor position sensor or
  • the sensor system further comprises at least one evaluation unit, which is set up at least one first signal, which at least one
  • An “evaluation unit” can generally be understood to mean an electronic device which is set up to evaluate signals generated by the inductive position sensor and / or the temperature sensor. For example, one or more electronic connections between the inductive position sensor and / or the temperature sensor and the evaluation unit can be provided for this purpose.
  • the evaluation unit can, for example, have at least one
  • the data processing device can have one or more volatile and / or non-volatile data memories, it being possible for the data processing device to be set up, for example, in terms of programming, in order to control the inductive position sensor.
  • the evaluation unit can, for example, be constructed centrally or decentrally. Other configurations are also conceivable.
  • the signal evaluation in the evaluation unit can take place in such a way that the evaluation unit evaluates all signals received by the temperature sensor and the inductive position sensor and converts them into two output signals, ie the first and the second signal.
  • the first signal can represent the temperature
  • the second signal represents the rotation property, for example the rotation rate.
  • the first and the second signal can both be analog, both digital or one analog and one digital.
  • the photodiode can face the rotating element. This does not hinder the detection of the infrared radiation emitted by the rotating element.
  • the photodiode can be arranged on or within the inductive position sensor. This creates a compact arrangement of the
  • the inductive position sensor can have at least one circuit carrier.
  • a “circuit carrier” can be understood to mean a device on which at least one electrical component can be arranged.
  • the circuit carrier can be designed flexibly.
  • the circuit carrier can comprise a flexible material.
  • the circuit carrier can in particular be selected from the group consisting of: a printed circuit board, in particular a rigid-flex printed circuit board, for example a curved rigid-flex printed circuit board; a rigid circuit board, in particular a rigid circuit board with notches; a circuit board; a circuit board and a printed circuit, in particular a “printed circuit board” (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the circuit carrier can be arranged essentially coaxially to the axis of rotation.
  • the circuit carrier can be, for example, a sensor wheel or a segment of a circle of the sensor wheel described below
  • the present invention basically understood that the component described has a radius of curvature.
  • the radius of curvature can be within the component by a value from 0% to 80%, preferably from 0% vary from 50%, more preferably from 0% to 20% and particularly preferably from 0% to 5%.
  • the radius of curvature can also be constant.
  • the circuit carrier can also be composed of two or more segments which, for example, can each be flat or curved and which can be connected to one another, for example. The segments as a whole can then also be arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation, even if the individual segments are then arranged, for example, tangentially.
  • the circuit carrier can be arranged in a housing, in particular in an injection molded housing.
  • the inductive position sensor can have at least one coil arrangement which is arranged on the circuit carrier.
  • Coil arrangement can comprise at least one excitation coil and at least two receiver coils.
  • a “coil arrangement” can in principle be understood to mean any device which comprises at least one coil.
  • a “coil” is basically understood to mean any component which has an inductance and is suitable for generating a magnetic field when current flows and / or vice versa.
  • a coil can comprise at least one completely or partially closed conductor loop or turn.
  • a coil can be understood, which generates a magnetic flux when an electrical voltage and / or an electrical current is applied.
  • the excitation coil can have at least one excitation turn.
  • a “receiver coil” is basically understood to be a coil that is set up to generate a signal based on an inductive coupling between the excitation coil and the receiver coil, which signal is dependent on the inductive coupling.
  • the coil arrangement can have a receiver coil system.
  • a “receiver coil system” can in principle be understood to mean any device which comprises at least two, preferably at least three, receiver coils.
  • the excitation coil can be essentially circular.
  • the excitation coil and the receiver coils can be configured as described in DE 10 2017 210 655.7, filed on June 23, 2017.
  • the receiver coils can substantially completely revolve around the axis of rotation in a circumferential direction, each receiver coil being formed by a plurality of adjacent partial windings, adjacent ones
  • Partial turns are oriented in opposite directions with respect to the current flow direction.
  • each partial turn with respect to a radial direction which extends outward from the axis of rotation, is formed from sections of at least two arcuate conductor tracks curved to the left and from
  • Circumferential direction is rotated by half of the measuring range with respect to the first point.
  • the further right-curved conductor tracks result from the preceding right-curved conductor track by rotating them
  • a partial turn of a receiver coil can be defined as a part of the receiver coil which is surrounded by conductor tracks of the receiver coil which do not intersect with one another.
  • Orientation of a partial turn is determined by a current flow through the receiver coil.
  • Counter-oriented partial windings each have counter-current flows when there is a current flow through the receiver coil, ie the current runs in the case of a partial turn with a first orientation Clockwise or to the right through the partial turn, with a partial turn with a second, opposite orientation, the current runs against the
  • a partial turn can be constructed, for example, like a diamond with curved side surfaces.
  • the four side surfaces of such a diamond can e.g. be formed by two sections of two left-curved conductor tracks and two right-curved conductor tracks.
  • the current direction in at least two sections of the left-curved conductor tracks, which form a partial turn can be opposite to one another.
  • Receiver coil runs. In this way e.g. can also be achieved that the amplitude of the alternating voltage induced in the receiver coil or the measurement signal essentially depends on the angle of rotation as a sine function.
  • the inductive position sensor can comprise a number of n receiver coils, where n is a positive integer.
  • the generated sinusoidal signals of the n receiver coils can be out of phase with one another.
  • adjacent sinusoidal signals have a phase separation of 2tt / (h) and / or 360 ° / (n) for n> 3.
  • adjacent sinusoidal signals from exactly two receiver coils can have a phase separation of 90 °.
  • adjacent sinusoidal signals from exactly three receiver coils can have a phase spacing of 120 °.
  • the inductive position sensor can have at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is arranged on the circuit carrier.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can be set up to provide an excitation signal for the excitation coil.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can be arranged on the circuit carrier and connected to exactly one excitation coil and at least two receiver coils. “Providing an excitation signal” can be understood to mean that the application-specific integrated circuit is set up to generate the excitation signal and / or that the application-specific integrated circuit is set up to apply the excitation signal to the excitation coil.
  • an “excitation signal” can be understood to mean an electrical signal, in particular at least one
  • the excitation signal can be a substantially sinusoidal excitation signal.
  • sinusoidal is understood in principle to mean any shape which has a course of a sine curve. For example, a course of a complete sine curve can be included or only part of a sine curve. Under "essentially sinusoidal"
  • Embodiments are understood to have a completely sinusoidal course, deviations being conceivable which are not more than 20%, in particular not more than 10% or even not more than 5%, of the absolute value of the sinusoidal shape.
  • a “complete sinus curve” can in particular be understood to mean a course of a sinus curve which comprises at least one period.
  • the sine curve can start at the zero point or any other point on the sine curve.
  • the sinusoidal shape can also be composed, for example, in sections from other functions, so that an approximate sinusoidal shape results overall.
  • the excitation signal can have an amplitude in the range from 0.1 V to 10 V, preferably from 5 V.
  • the excitation signal can have a frequency in the range from 1 MHz to 10 MHz, preferably 3.5 MHz.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can have at least one
  • the oscillator circuit can drive an LC oscillator, for example, in which the excitation coil and a capacitor act as frequency-determining elements.
  • Excitation coil with the excitation signal can produce an alternating electromagnetic field, which couples into the receiver coils and induces, for example, corresponding alternating voltages and / or alternating currents.
  • the inductive position sensor can be set up for inductive coupling and / or to detect a change in an inductive coupling between the excitation coil and the at least one receiver coil.
  • the excitation coil may be configured to generate an alternating electromagnetic field in response to the exposure to the excitation signal.
  • the excitation coil and the receiver coils can be coupled such that the alternating electromagnetic field induces an alternating voltage in the receiver coils.
  • the receiver coils can be arranged in such a way that the receiver coils generate rotation angle-dependent signals when the rotating element rotates at a constant angular velocity about the axis of rotation.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can be set up to process signals generated by the receiver coils and as at least one first output signal at at least one first output and at least one second output signal at at least one second output
  • first and second output signal are to be understood as pure designations and in particular do not provide any information about a sequence or if there are further output signals. In principle, any operation of a
  • Signal processing can be understood to generate an output signal, for example evaluation, filtering, demodulating.
  • Signal processing can be digital and / or analog.
  • the signal processing can preferably be carried out purely analog.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can in particular be set up to infer an amount and a phase of the coupling by demodulating a signal induced in the receiver coils with a carrier signal, that is to say a signal from the excitation coil.
  • the amount can in particular vary continuously with the angle of rotation.
  • a phase position can be 0 ° or 180 °, for example.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can have at least one demodulation device which is set up to demodulate the signals of the receiver coils, in particular synchronously.
  • the demodulation can include multiplying by the excitation signal.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can have at least one low-pass filter.
  • the low-pass filter can have a cut-off frequency in the range from 50 kHz to 500 kHz, preferably 100 kHz.
  • the lower limit frequency can be significantly lower, since only offsets are to be compensated, so that, for example, 0.1 Hz would be sufficient.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can first demodulate the signals of the receiver coils and then filter using the low-pass filter.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit can have at least one amplifier.
  • Amplifier can be set up to amplify the signals of the receiver coils, in particular the filtered signals. “Amplification” can be understood to mean an increase in the amplitude of a signal.
  • Application-specific integrated circuit can also be set up to supply the signals of the receiver coils with a DC (direct current) offset
  • the first output signal and the second output signal can be sent from the first and second output to a second, for example via at least one electrical signal line, in particular a cable
  • Evaluation unit in particular an evaluation unit configured separately from the circuit carrier, are transmitted.
  • the sensor system can have at least one sensor wheel that can be connected to the rotating element.
  • a “transmitter wheel” can basically be understood to mean any component that can be connected to the rotating element and that is set up at
  • the sensor wheel can, for example, be permanently or reversibly connected or connectable to the rotating element or can also be formed in one piece with the rotating element or integrated into the rotating element.
  • the sensor wheel can have a sensor wheel profile.
  • a “master wheel profile” can in principle include a total of profile elements and spaces that are arranged between the profile elements, be understood.
  • a “profile element” of the sensor wheel can in principle be understood to mean any shape of the contour of the sensor wheel, in particular a bulge,
  • the sensor wheel can, for example, be designed to “shade” areas of a receiver coil structure depending on its position.
  • a coupling between a transmitter coil structure and the receiver coils can be influenced as a function of the angle of rotation.
  • a typical range of values for a coupling factor can be, for example, -0.3 to +0.3.
  • a coupling factor can in particular be understood to mean an amplitude ratio between a received signal and a transmitted or excitation signal.
  • the coupling factor can in particular run sinusoidally with the angle of rotation.
  • the coil arrangement can surround the sensor wheel or at least one circle segment of the sensor wheel essentially in the form of a segment of a circle or in a circle.
  • the coil arrangement in particular that on the
  • Circuit carrier arranged coil arrangement in at least one
  • Angular position of the encoder wheel cover at least one profile element and at least one space between two profile elements of the encoder wheel.
  • the encoder wheel can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • the sensor wheel can have an identical number of electrically conductive blades and electrically non-conductive or less conductive blades and / or recesses.
  • the electrically conductive wings can have a first opening angle a and the electrically non-conductive or less conductive wings and / or the recesses can have a second opening angle ⁇ .
  • Opening angle can be a full angle measurement range of the inductive
  • the first and the second opening angle can be identical or different.
  • the encoder wheel can be fastened to the rotating element by means of a screw and / or adhesive connection.
  • the second evaluation unit can be set up to generate signals from the
  • the Sensor system in particular the inductive position sensor, can be set up to detect an inductive coupling and / or a change in an inductive coupling between the excitation coil and the at least one receiver coil.
  • the sensor system can be set up to detect the inductive coupling caused by a movement and / or a position of the sensor wheel and / or the change in the inductive coupling caused by a movement and / or a position of the sensor wheel between the excitation coil and the receiver coils.
  • the sensor system can in particular be set up to obtain an absolute or relative change in the inductive coupling between the excitation coil and the receiver coils caused by the movement and / or by a position of the sensor wheel
  • a “relative angular position” can basically be understood to mean a position with respect to a period defined by the receiver coils.
  • the second evaluation unit can be set up to include at least one
  • the Clarke transformation can be used to calculate the angular position F from three signals generated by three receiver coils.
  • the evaluation unit can have at least one evaluation circuit.
  • the evaluation circuit can be set up to evaluate the signals of the position sensor.
  • the evaluation circuit can be, for example, a processor.
  • the evaluation unit can in particular be configured separately from the circuit carrier and can be connectable to the circuit carrier via at least one connection, for example a cable.
  • the inductive position sensor can be set up to transmit the first and the second output signal to the second evaluation unit.
  • the sensor system can further comprise at least one emission element that can be attached to the rotating element or inserted into the rotating element, wherein the emission element has an emission coefficient that differs from the emission coefficient of the rotating element
  • the emission coefficient is the specific one Understand the emissivity of surfaces.
  • the emission coefficient is the ratio of the radiation of the surface at a certain one
  • the emission element can be a polished surface, a glued-on film or the like.
  • the rest of the rotating element preferably has a rough surface, since this
  • the emission element (possibly multiple) can also be shown as a (deep) milling / drilling, which means that it comes particularly close to the ideal black radiator and thus generates a higher signal in the photodiode during "flyby".
  • the temperature sensor can have at least two photodiodes, the photodiodes being arranged at a predetermined angle from one another on an imaginary circular line.
  • Direction of rotation of the rotating element can be determined.
  • the photodiodes can have sensitive areas, the predetermined angle being selected such that, when the sensor system is installed, center points of the sensitive areas of the photodiodes, viewed in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation, each have an outer edge of the
  • Overlap emission element By two photodiodes are used, which are positioned in a preferably identical radial position, but at a small angle to one another.
  • the direction of rotation can be determined from the phase shift of the two signals of the photodiodes. If this is positive, the rotating element rotates in a first direction of rotation, if it is negative, the rotating element rotates in the opposite direction of rotation.
  • the method comprises the use of at least one sensor system.
  • the method comprises the following steps, preferably in the order given.
  • the method can also comprise further method steps.
  • the process steps are: Detecting at least one temperature of the rotating element with the at least one temperature sensor,
  • the method is carried out using a sensor system according to the present invention, that is to say according to one of the abovementioned
  • a computer program which, when running on a computer or computer network, executes the method according to the invention in one of its configurations.
  • a computer program with program code means is proposed in order to carry out the method according to the invention in one of its configurations when the program is executed on a computer or computer network.
  • the program code means can be stored on a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a data carrier is proposed within the scope of the present invention, on which a data structure is stored, which after loading into a main memory and / or main memory of a computer or
  • a computer program product with program code means stored on a machine-readable carrier is proposed in order to perform the inventive method in one of its configurations when the program is executed on a computer or computer network.
  • a computer program product is understood to mean the program as a tradable product. In principle, it can be in any form, for example on paper or a computer-readable data carrier, and can in particular be distributed over a data transmission network.
  • Computer network includes executable instructions for performing a method according to one of the described embodiments.
  • the proposed device and the proposed method have numerous advantages over known devices and methods.
  • a directly measured rotor speed can be used to check the plausibility of successive rotor position measurements and thus increase functional safety.
  • Condition monitoring of the rotor or the bearing, vibration, unbalance may be possible.
  • the high cut-off frequency of photodiodes enables rapid measurement and detection of dynamic changes.
  • Angle of rotation detection further branches no influence of external magnetic fields, for example as a result of high currents within cables that are in
  • Angle detection is practically not speed-limited due to a high carrier frequency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a photodiode and its wiring in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a current signal curve of the photodiode as a function of the temperature
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a sensor wheel of the first embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a waveform for determining the speed at the first
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a transmitter wheel of a second
  • Figure 7 shows an enlarged section of the sensor wheel of the second
  • Figure 8 waveforms for determining the speed and direction of rotation in the second embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows an ASIC structure according to the invention and further processing of the signals of the inductive position sensor
  • FIG. 11 shows a construction of a further ASIC
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an inventive
  • the sensor system 110 is set up to determine at least one rotational property of an element 114 rotating about at least one axis of rotation 112.
  • the sensor system 110 can in particular be set up for use in the motor vehicle.
  • the sensor system 110 can be set up to detect at least one rotational property of a camshaft.
  • the sensor system 110 can be configured to detect an angular position of the camshaft.
  • the rotating element 114 can be a shaft, for example.
  • the shaft can carry a permanent magnet 116.
  • a cylindrical shape around this permanent magnet 116 can be any shape around this permanent magnet 116.
  • Stator coil package 118 may be arranged.
  • An output can be arranged in the negative z direction and is not shown further.
  • a B bearing 120 can be arranged, which receives the axis 114.
  • the B bearing 120 can be connected to a B bearing plate 122.
  • the sensor system 110 has at least one inductive position sensor 124.
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can comprise at least one circuit carrier 125.
  • the circuit carrier 125 can have, for example, a printed circuit board, which essentially
  • the B bearing 120 can be connected to the B bearing plate 122, which holds the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the sensor system 110 has at least one sensor wheel 126 that can be connected to the rotating element 114. Between B-bearing 120 and inductive
  • Position sensor 124 can be arranged, the encoder wheel 126 which is connected to the shaft and rotates with it.
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can have packaging.
  • the packaging can allow the inductive position sensor 124 to be provided with chip protection and to ensure a sufficiently high mechanical strength.
  • the packaging can be made by one or more of the methods of direct injection molding,
  • the packaging can completely or partially surround all components of the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the packaging can at least one connecting element, preferably bores and / or
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can be attached to the B-bearing plate 122, for example with a screw connection.
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can also be attached to the B-bearing plate 122 using clips, an adhesive connection or other methods.
  • the structure can also be attached on the other side (A-bearing).
  • Sensor system 110 also has at least one temperature sensor 128, which is set up to detect at least one temperature of rotating element 114.
  • the temperature sensor 128 can be set up to detect temperatures with at least one mechanical contact with the test specimen, in particular the rotating element 114 and / or the encoder wheel 126 and / or the permanent magnet 116. It can be assumed that the rotor temperature is identical to the temperature of the encoder wheel 126 or the shaft.
  • the sensor system 110 has at least one evaluation unit 130.
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can be connected to the evaluation unit 130 via a cable 132.
  • the evaluation unit 130 can provide a voltage supply for the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the evaluation unit 130 can receive output signals of the inductive position sensor 124 and calculate a rotor position and rotor temperature from these.
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can have at least one contact element to which the cable 132 can be attached.
  • the contact element can be a hole for ram contacts, a soldered plug or pads, with which the cable 132 can be connected to the circuit carrier 125 by a soldering process.
  • the evaluation unit 130 is set up to generate at least one first signal 134, which has at least one piece of information about the detected temperature, and at least one second signal 136, which has at least one piece of information about the rotation property.
  • the evaluation unit 130 can for example comprise at least one data processing device, for example at least one computer or microcontroller.
  • Data processing device can have one or more volatile and / or non-volatile data memories, wherein the data processing device can be set up, for example, in terms of programming in order to control inductive position sensor 124.
  • Evaluation unit 130 can take place in such a way that evaluation unit 130 all of temperature sensor 128 and inductive position sensor 124
  • the first signal 134 may represent the temperature
  • the second signal 136 the first signal 134
  • the first signal 134 and the second signal 136 can both be analog, both digital or one analog and one digital.
  • the temperature sensor 128 has a photodiode 138.
  • the photodiode 138 is set up to detect infrared radiation emitted by the rotating element 114 and to generate an electrical current IP when infrared radiation is detected.
  • the electrical current IP is proportional to the temperature of the rotating element 114.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a photodiode 138 and its
  • the connection of the photodiode 138 in the reverse direction is shown.
  • the measured variable according to the invention is the current IP at constant voltage Up.
  • the temperature-dependent intensity of the infrared radiation is converted into the electrical current IP by the internal photo effect, which influences the resistance of the photodiode 138.
  • Photodiode 138 is preferably made of Ge or InGaAs because these materials have near infrared sensitivity (NIR). Filters, e.g. Daylight filter, or lenses introduced to minimize cross influences.
  • FIG. 3 shows a current signal curve 140 of the photodiode 138 as a function of the temperature T. If infrared radiation now hits the photodiode 138, the current IP depends on the temperature T of the radiator. In which Sensor system 110 according to the invention, the electrical current IP is proportional to the temperature T of the rotating element 114.
  • the photodiodes 138 which are oriented in the direction of the rotating element 114 or face it, are located on or within the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the photodiode 138 is preferably arranged such that its position radially inwards through the
  • the signals from the photodiode 138 are either routed directly through separate lines in the cable 132 to the evaluation unit 130 or, preferably, processed further by means of an evaluation circuit which is part of the inductive position sensor 124 and then via a suitable interface, which can be digital or analog Transfer evaluation unit 130.
  • FIG. 4 shows an encoder wheel 126 in the first embodiment.
  • the top view of the axis from the direction of the inductive position sensor 124 is shown.
  • the encoder wheel 126 can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • the encoder wheel 126 can have an identical number of electrically conductive vanes 142 with a first opening angle ⁇ and electrically non or less conductive vanes and / or recesses 144 with a second opening angle ⁇ .
  • a sum of the first and second opening angles can correspond to a full angle measuring range d of the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the first and the second opening angle can be identical or different in size.
  • the attachment of the encoder wheel 126 to the rotating element 114 can be done via a screw and / or adhesive connection and / or with a
  • the sensor system 110 further comprises at least one that can be attached to the rotating element 114 or inserted into the rotating element 114 Emission element 146.
  • the emission element 146 has an emission coefficient that differs from the emission coefficient of the rotating element 114. According to the illustration in FIG. 4, the emission element 146 is arranged at an axial end of the rotating element 114 and assigns it to the photodiode 138 or the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the emission element 146 can be a polished surface, a glued-on film or the like. act. Alternatively, the emission element 146 can also be shown as a (deep) milling / drilling, as a result of which it comes particularly close to the ideal black radiator and thus generates a higher signal in the photodiode 138 as it passes.
  • the rest of the rotating member 114 preferably has a rough surface because of this
  • FIG. 5 shows a signal form 148 for determining the speed in the first embodiment.
  • the temperature T can be calculated. Due to the low emission coefficient of the emission element 146 in comparison to the rotating element 114, an abruptly lower current I p results when it passes through it.
  • the speed can easily be determined from the time period between adjacent rising or falling edges At.
  • the edge detection can be implemented with a comparator, such as a Schmitt trigger.
  • a plurality of emission elements 146 can be placed on the rotating element 114.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a sensor wheel 126 of a second embodiment. Only the differences from the first embodiment are described below, and identical or comparable components are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the temperature sensor 128 has at least two photodiodes 138.
  • the photodiodes 138 are preferably arranged at a predetermined angle d on an imaginary circular line 150 spaced from one another.
  • the photodiodes 138 have sensitive areas 152.
  • the predetermined angle d is selected such that in an assembled state of the Sensor system 110 seen in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 112 overlap center points 154 of the sensitive areas 152 of the photodiodes 138 with an outer edge 156 of the emission element 146.
  • FIG. 8 shows signal forms 158, 160 for determining the speed and the direction of rotation in the second embodiment.
  • the direction of rotation can be determined from the phase offset t of the two signals 158, 160. If the phase offset t is positive, the rotating element 114 rotates into a first one
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can have at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 162, which is shown in FIG. 9.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FIG. 9 shows a structure of the ASIC 162 and
  • the inductive position sensor 124 can have at least one coil arrangement 164 which is arranged on the circuit carrier 125.
  • the coil arrangement 164 can have at least one excitation coil 166 and at least two receiver coils 168.
  • the application specific integrated circuit 162 is configured to provide an excitation signal for the excitation coil 166.
  • the application specific integrated circuit 162 may be configured to process signals generated by the receiver coils 168 and as
  • the evaluation unit 130 To provide output signals, for example the evaluation unit 130.
  • the ASIC 162 can be precisely connected to an excitation coil 166 and at least two receiver coils 168.
  • a block 170 not shown in any more detail, a substantially sinusoidal one
  • Excitation signal 172 are provided, which feeds the excitation coil 166.
  • block 170 can be an oscillator circuit which drives an LC oscillator in which excitation coil 166 and at least one capacitor (not shown) act as frequency-determining elements.
  • the amplitude of the excitation signal 172 can be in the range from 0.1 V to 10 V, preferably 5 V, at frequencies in the range from 1 MHz to 10 MHz, preferably 3.5 MHz.
  • Application-specific integrated circuit 162 may be configured to process signals 174, 176 generated by receiver coils 168
  • Application specific integrated circuit 162 can have at least one
  • the application-specific integrated circuit 162 can have at least one low-pass filter 180.
  • the low-pass filter 180 can have a cut-off frequency in the range from 50 kHz to 500 kHz, preferably 100 kHz.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit 162 can first demodulate the signals 174, 176 of the receiver coils 168 and then filter using the low-pass filter 180.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit 162 can furthermore have at least one amplifier 182.
  • the amplifier 182 can amplify the filtered signals.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit 162 can be configured to convert the processed signals as at least one first output signal 184 to at least one first output 186 and at least one second
  • the first output signal 184 and the second output signal 188 can be transmitted to the evaluation unit 130 via the cable 132.
  • the photodiode 138 is either contacted directly via the signals 192 and 194 with that of the evaluation unit 130 or the same is further processed, e.g. with a microcontroller, not shown.
  • FIG. 10 Exemplary signal profiles as a function of the angle of rotation for a continuous rotary movement are shown in FIG. 10.
  • the design of the receiver coils 168 and of the transmitter wheel 126 results in a function of the angle of rotation as a demodulated sinusoidal signal 188 and a demodulated cosine-shaped signal 184.
  • the signals 196, 198 can be digitized in the evaluation unit 130 and converted into the angle of rotation by subsequent calculation of an arc tangent.
  • FIG. 11 shows a construction of a further ASIC 162 according to the invention and further processing of the signals of the photodiode 138. Only the differences from the ASIC 162 of FIG. 9 are described and the same or comparable components are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which the inductive position sensor 124 at least has a computing unit 196 which is set up to determine from the second signal 136 information about a future rotational property of the element 114 rotating about the axis of rotation 112.
  • the future rotation property can be a rotation property of a second measurement value of the inductive position sensor 124 following a first measurement value, that is to say, for example, the next information about the rotation property detected with the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the second signal 136 can be a rotation rate signal, which can be used to check the plausibility of the rotation angle information detected by the inductive position sensor 124.
  • a directly measured rotor speed can be used to check the plausibility of successive rotor position measurements.
  • the application-specific integrated circuit 162 can thus have at least one switching element.
  • Position sensor 124 can have at least one control unit, which is set up to control the switching element, such that at one
  • a signal chain of the application-specific integrated circuit 162 to the first and second outputs 186, 190 is interrupted and the first and second outputs 186, 190 are overwritten with at least one error signal.
  • the switching element can in particular have a switch.
  • it can be advantageous not to carry out signal processing in the second evaluation unit 130.
  • it may be possible to "interrupt" the output signals 184, 188 of the inductive position sensor 124.
  • the control unit can be set up to control the switching element and, in the event of a fault, to interrupt the signal chain of the inductive position sensor 124 and the first and second ones via the switching element Overwrite outputs 186, 190 with the at least one error signal.
  • the error signal can assume values which are not in the otherwise valid signal range of the signals of the usual first and second output signals 184, 188 of the ASIC 162.
  • the error signal for the first and the second output 186, 190 can assume identical values, which are either maximum or minimum, based on the available voltage swing.
  • mixed forms of the described embodiments can also be implemented. It is conceivable, for example, that the temperature is connected to an interface
  • Evaluation unit 130 is sent while the mechanical quantity

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système capteur (110) pour déterminer une température et au moins une caractéristique de rotation d'un élément (114) tournant autour d'au moins un axe de rotation (112). Ledit système capteur (110) comprend au moins un capteur de température (128) qui est conçu pour acquérir au moins une température de l'élément rotatif (114), le capteur de température (128) comprenant une photodiode (138) qui est conçue pour détecter un rayonnement infrarouge émis par l'élément rotatif et pour générer un courant électrique (IP) en cas de détection d'un rayonnement infrarouge, le courant électrique (IP) généré étant proportionnel à la température de l'élément rotatif (114). Ledit système capteur (110) comprend également au moins un capteur de position inductif (124) qui est conçu pour acquérir au moins une information concernant la caractéristique de rotation de l'élément rotatif (114). Ledit système capteur (110) comprend en outre au moins une unité d'évaluation (130) qui est conçue pour générer au moins un premier signal (134) qui présente au moins une information sur la température acquise et au moins un deuxième signal (136) qui présente au moins une information sur la caractéristique de rotation.
PCT/EP2019/065762 2018-08-09 2019-06-14 Système capteur pour déterminer une température et au moins une caractéristique de rotation d'un élément tournant autour d'au moins un axe de rotation WO2020030335A1 (fr)

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DE102018213410.3A DE102018213410A1 (de) 2018-08-09 2018-08-09 Sensorsystem zur Bestimmung einer Temperatur und mindestens einer Rotationseigenschaft eines um mindestens eine Rotationsachse rotierenden Elements
DE102018213410.3 2018-08-09

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US12074479B2 (en) * 2020-06-11 2024-08-27 Kyocera Avx Components (Werne) Gmbh Sensor assembly for an electric machine

Citations (6)

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JPH1172389A (ja) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-16 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 温度補償付き放射温度測定装置
JP2007017390A (ja) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-25 Asahi Kasei Electronics Co Ltd エンコーダ、回転速度検出装置、移動速度検出装置、回転角検出装置、移動位置検出装置、回転方向検出装置、移動方向検出装置、ジョグダイヤル、及びスイッチ
JP2010022112A (ja) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ブラシレスモータの温度検出装置
DE102014213103A1 (de) 2014-07-07 2016-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Rotortemperatur, Computerprogramm, Computerprogramm-Produkt
EP3062076A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Jtekt Corporation Appareil de détection de température et appareil de détection d'angle de rotation
DE102017210655A1 (de) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drehwinkelsensor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1172389A (ja) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-16 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 温度補償付き放射温度測定装置
JP2007017390A (ja) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-25 Asahi Kasei Electronics Co Ltd エンコーダ、回転速度検出装置、移動速度検出装置、回転角検出装置、移動位置検出装置、回転方向検出装置、移動方向検出装置、ジョグダイヤル、及びスイッチ
JP2010022112A (ja) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ブラシレスモータの温度検出装置
DE102014213103A1 (de) 2014-07-07 2016-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Rotortemperatur, Computerprogramm, Computerprogramm-Produkt
EP3062076A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Jtekt Corporation Appareil de détection de température et appareil de détection d'angle de rotation
DE102017210655A1 (de) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drehwinkelsensor

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