WO2020019577A1

WO2020019577A1 - Battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus, system, and method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2020019577A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/114947
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张亚军; 王贺武; 欧阳明高; 李伟峰; 李成; 李建秋; 卢兰光; 韩雪冰; 杜玖玉
Original assignee: 清华大学
Priority date: 2018-07-27
Filing date: 2018-11-12
Publication date: 2020-01-30
Also published as: CN109164393B; CN109164393A

Abstract

The present application relates to a battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus and system, and a method thereof. The battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus comprises a box body, a heating apparatus, a first gas channel, and a pump. The heating apparatus is arranged in the box body, and is used for producing heat. The first gas channel is in communication with the box body, and is used for gas circulation. The pump is connected to the box body by means of the first gas channel, and is used for filling the box body with gas or extracting gas from the box body. The battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus provided by the present application adds pressure change simulation.

Description

Battery thermal runaway experimental device, system and method

Related applications

This application claims priority from a Chinese patent application filed on July 27, 2018, with application number 2018108423642, entitled "Battery Thermal Runaway Experimental Device, System and Method", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of battery safety, and more specifically, to a battery thermal runaway experimental device, system, and method.

Background technique

With the development of science and technology, power batteries have become common items in people's daily life and production. Under certain inducing factors, power batteries are prone to cause thermal runaway and cause safety accidents. Therefore, studying the thermal runaway process of power batteries has become an important subject.

At present, the research on the thermal runaway process of batteries is mainly performed by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC), Vent Sizing Package (VSP2), Differential Scanning Calorimetry , DSC), cone calorimeter and other instruments, to simulate the thermal runaway scenario of power batteries, and to study the characteristics of power batteries in the thermal runaway process, such as heat generation, air jet, combustion and so on.

However, these experimental instruments and methods are quite different from the actual scene, and there is a problem that the accuracy of scene simulation of thermal runaway of the power battery is poor.

Summary of the Invention

In view of this, the present application discloses a battery thermal runaway experimental device, system, and method.

An experimental device for thermal runaway of a battery includes:

Box

A heating device arranged in the box for generating heat;

A first gas channel, which is in communication with the box for gas circulation; and

An air pump is connected to the box body through the first gas channel, and is used to fill the box body or to extract gas from the box body.

The battery thermal runaway experiment device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the case, the heating device, the first gas passage, and the air pump. The first gas channel is in communication with the box body and is used for gas circulation. The air pump is connected to the box body through the first gas channel, and is used to fill the box body with gas or extract gas from the box body. The first gas passage and the air pump cooperate to complete the pressure change in the cabinet. The heating device is used to heat the battery to be tested, thereby simulating the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery at different altitudes and pressures. Compared with the conventional technology, the battery thermal runaway experimental device provided in the embodiment of the present application increases the simulation of the pressure change. Therefore, the accuracy of the actual scenario of the thermal runaway of the battery under test is improved, thereby further improving the experiment. Accuracy. The experimental results of using the battery thermal runaway experimental device provided in this application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.

A battery thermal runaway experiment system includes:

The battery thermal runaway experimental device;

A measurement device connected to the battery thermal runaway experiment device for measuring data;

A data analysis device is connected to the measurement device, and is configured to acquire data measured by the measurement device and perform analysis processing.

The battery thermal runaway experiment system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device, the measurement device, and the data analysis device. The battery thermal runaway experiment device can improve the accuracy of simulation of the actual scenario of battery thermal runaway, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment. The experimental results of the battery thermal runaway experiment system provided in the embodiments of the present application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.

A battery thermal runaway experiment method includes:

Measuring the temperature at the first gas channel by the first temperature measuring device to obtain a first temperature;

Measuring the temperature at the second gas channel by the second temperature measuring device to obtain a second temperature;

Measuring the temperature of the battery to be tested by the third temperature measuring device to obtain a third temperature;

Measuring the pressure at the first gas channel by a first pressure measuring device to obtain a first pressure;

Measuring the pressure at the second gas channel by a second pressure measuring device to obtain a second pressure;

The data analysis device calculates a heat release rate of a battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.

The battery thermal runaway experiment method provided in the embodiment of the present application is performed by the first temperature measuring device, the second temperature measuring device, the first pressure measuring device, and the second pressure measuring device on the battery. The temperature and pressure of the first gas channel gas inflow and the second gas channel gas outflow are measured to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure. The temperature of the battery to be tested is measured by the third temperature measuring device to obtain the third temperature. According to the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure, a heat release rate of the battery to be tested during a thermal runaway process is calculated. Compared with the traditional method of calculating the heat release rate by the oxygen consumption method, the battery thermal runaway experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the heat release rate during the battery thermal runaway process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a top view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application;

6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

7 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experiment system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference sign description

Battery thermal runaway experiment system 1

Battery thermal runaway experimental device 10

Box body 100

Sealed door 110

Observation window 111

Heating device 200

Uniform heater 210

Air circulation device 220

First gas channel 300

Air pump 400

The second gas channel 500

Valves 510

Safety valve 600

Local heating device 700

Local heaters 710

Thermal conductor 720

Guide rails 730

Connecting rods 740

Pressure regulating device 800

Measuring device 20

The first temperature test device

Second temperature test device 22

The first pressure test device 23

Second pressure test device 24

Third pressure test device 25

Data analysis device 30

Display device 40

Battery to be tested 50

Battery holder 51

Serving disks 52

Protective cover 53

Image acquisition device 60

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application, and are not used to limit the application.

The serial numbers of components in this article, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any order or technical meaning. The terms “connection” and “connection” in this application include direct and indirect connections (connections) unless otherwise specified. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description , Rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

In this application, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise, the first feature "on" or "down" of the second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediate medium. contact. Moreover, the first feature is "above", "above", and "above" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature is “below”, “below”, and “below” of the second feature. The first feature may be directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply indicate that the first feature is less horizontal than the second feature.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, which includes a box 100, a heating device 200, and a pressure regulating device 800. The pressure adjusting device 800 is disposed on the box body 100 and is used to adjust the internal pressure of the box body 100.

The battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 can be applied to a thermal runaway experiment performed by a battery that can cause thermal runaway. The battery is a secondary battery. The battery may be a lithium battery. It can be understood that the application of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 is not limited to the battery thermal runaway test, and can also be applied to other scenarios with the same use requirements.

The case 100 is used for placing the battery 50 to be tested. The shape, size, material and specifications of the box body 100 can be selected according to actual needs. The box 100 may be a sealed box. The cabinet 100 may include a sealed door 110. The sealed door 110 is disposed on one side of the case 100. The sealed door 110 may be lined with a high-temperature resistant silicone pad to seal the box 100. The sealed door 110 may further include an observation window 111. The observation window 111 is disposed on the sealed door 111. The observation window 111 may be made of a light-transmitting material for observing the conditions inside the cabinet 100. For example, the observation window 111 may be made of quartz glass. The observation window 111 may be provided with a film on one side of the inside of the cabinet 100, which is convenient for cleaning the observation window 111 after the test. When the observation window 111 is made of a light-transmitting material, an image acquisition device 60 may be further provided outside the observation window 111. The image acquisition device 60 is used to record an experimental phenomenon inside the cabinet 100 during an experiment. The image acquisition device 60 may be a camera or a video camera.

In one embodiment, the box 100 is a cube. The box body 100 is made of a high temperature and high pressure resistant material. A sealed door 110 is provided on one side of the box 100. The sealed door 110 is provided with an observation window 111. A camera is disposed outside the observation window 111. The battery 50 to be tested is placed inside the case 100. In order to facilitate the experiment, the battery 50 to be tested may be a certain distance from the case 100 through the battery holder 51. The battery 50 to be tested can be stored in a tray 52. The receiving tray 52 is disposed on the battery holder 51. In order to prevent the test battery 50 from erupting or the control battery 50 from exploding after being thermally out of control in the experiment to cause damage to the inside of the box 100, the top of the receiving tray 52 may be sheathed or covered with a protective cover 53. The protective cover 53 may be a metal mesh.

The heating device 200 is disposed inside the box 100. The heating device 200 is used for heating, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested, and further studying the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 to be tested. The heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device or a local heating device. The heating device 200 may be an electric heating wire, a quartz heating tube, an electric heating rod, or a laser heater. According to requirements, the heating device 200 may be disposed at any position in the cabinet 100. The heating device 200 may be installed inside the box 100 through a bracket, or may be suspended inside the box 100 through a connecting rod or the like. The connection between the heating device 200 and the case 100 may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. The specific structure, model, placement position, and connection manner of the heating device 200 can be selected according to actual experimental requirements, and this application does not specifically limit them.

The pressure adjusting device 800 is a device that can increase the pressure inside the cabinet 100 or reduce the pressure inside the cabinet 100. The pressure regulating device 800 may have various options. The pressure adjusting device 800 can change the pressure inside the box body 100 to adjust the pressure inside the box body 100. Through the pressure device 800, the cabinet 100 can simulate thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes. Compared with the conventional technology, the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application adds simulation of pressure changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the actual scene simulation of thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving The accuracy of the experiment.

In one embodiment, the pressure regulating device 800 includes a first gas channel 300 and an air pump 400. The first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation. The air pump 400 is connected to the cabinet 100 through the first gas passage 300. The air pump 400 is used for filling gas into the box body 100 or extracting gas from the box body 100.

The first gas passage 300 may be a pipe. The material and model of the pipeline are not limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. Specifically, a mounting hole may be provided on one side of the box body 100 for mounting the first gas channel 300. The size of the mounting hole matches the size of the first gas passage 300 to ensure that the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100. One end of the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the tank 100, and the other end of the first gas passage 300 is connected to the air pump 400. The first gas passage 300 may also be provided with a switch or a valve for controlling the opening and closing of the first gas passage 300. The air pump 400 is used for flushing gas into the box body 100 or withdrawing gas from the box body 100. The specific specifications and models of the air pump 400 are not limited, as long as the air pump 400 can be connected to the cabinet 100 through the first gas passage 300 and the gas can be filled into or removed from the cabinet 100. Just pull out the air.

The process and principle of performing the thermal runaway experiment on the battery 50 to be tested using the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 are as follows:

After the battery 50 to be tested and the heating device 200 are placed in the case 100, the sealed door 110 is closed. The air pump 400 is used to fill or extract air into the tank 100 to change the pressure in the tank 100. It is heated by the heating device 200 until the battery 50 to be tested is thermally out of control. The thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested under different gas pressures were studied. The thermal runaway behavior characteristics under different gas pressures can be used to characterize the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes.

In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 includes the case 100, the heating device 200, the first gas passage 300, and the air pump 400. The first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation. The air pump 400 is connected to the tank 100 through the first gas channel 300 and is used to fill the tank 100 with gas or extract gas from the tank 100. The first gas passage 300 and the air pump 400 cooperate to complete the pressure change in the tank 100. The heating device 200 is used to heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby simulating the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 under different altitudes and pressures. Compared with the conventional technology, the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application adds simulation of pressure changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the actual scenario simulation of the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby further improving The accuracy of the experiment. The experimental results of using the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in this application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.

In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 may further include a second gas channel 500. The second gas channel 500 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation. The second gas passage 500 may be a pipe. The material and model of the pipeline are not limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. Specifically, a mounting hole may be formed on one side of the box 100. The mounting hole is used for mounting the second gas passage 500. The size of the mounting hole matches the size of the second gas passage 500 to ensure that the second gas passage 500 is in communication with the case 100. The second gas passage 500 may be used for external air to flow into the box body 100, and may also be used for air to flow out of the box body 100.

When the sealed door 110 is sealed, the second gas passage 500 remains unblocked, and air is injected into the case 100 through the air pump 400 and the first gas passage 300. The air in the box 100 flows out through the second gas passage 500. The air in the box 100 generates convection. By adjusting the power of the air pump 400, the speed at which the air pump 400 injects air into the tank 100 can be changed, so that the air convection speed in the tank 100 can be changed, and then the air velocity in the tank 100 can be changed. ratio. The battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in this embodiment can simulate thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested under different airspeed ratios, and accurately simulate different wind speeds or Thermal runaway behavior in scenarios such as vehicle speed. The battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 provided in this embodiment improves the accuracy of simulating the thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving the accuracy of the thermal runaway experiment results.

In one embodiment, the second gas passage 500 may further include a valve 510. The valve 510 is disposed in the second gas passage 500 and is used to control the opening and closing of the second gas passage 500. The valve 510 may be disposed at an end of the second gas passage 500 or at an intermediate portion of the second gas passage 500. The valve 510 is used to control the opening and closing of the second gas passage 500. According to requirements, the valve 510 may also be a valve capable of controlling the gas flow rate of the second gas passage 500. Specifically, when the airspeed ratio in the cabinet 100 needs to be adjusted, the valve 510 is opened, and air is injected into the cabinet 100 through the air pump 400. When the pressure in the tank 100 needs to be adjusted, the valve 510 is closed, and the pressure in the tank 100 is adjusted by the air pump 400 and the first gas passage 300. The opening and closing of the second gas channel 500 can be flexibly implemented through the valve 510, so that multiple functions of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 can be realized.

In one embodiment, the pool thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 may further include a safety valve 600. The safety valve 600 is disposed in the case 100 and is used for pressure relief. The safety valve 600 may be disposed on the top of the case 100 or on any side of the case 100. The safety valve 600 may preset a certain threshold value. When the pressure in the tank 100 exceeds a preset threshold value, the safety valve 600 is opened and the pressure relief is started. The specific structure and model of the safety valve 600 and the connection method with the case 100 can be selected according to actual needs. The safety valve 600 can prevent dangerous situations such as explosion due to excessive pressure inside the case 100 due to thermal runaway eruption, combustion, etc. of the battery 50 to be tested during the experiment. The safety valve 600 improves the safety of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10.

The heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device. The uniform heating device is configured to uniformly heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby inducing thermal runaway of the full battery of the battery 50 to be tested. The uniform heating device is used for simulating a thermal runaway scenario induced by the overall uniform temperature of the battery caused by a high ambient temperature during the use of the battery.

When the heating device 200 is a uniform heating device, the structure of the heating device 200 may be various. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the heating device 200 may include a uniform heater 210 and an air circulation device 220. The uniform heater 210 is disposed in the case 100 and is used to generate heat. The air circulation device 220 is disposed in the case 100. The air circulation device 220 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other and configured to change the air flow direction in the cabinet 100 so that the heat in the cabinet 100 is uniform. The uniform heater 210 may be an electric heater. The uniform heater 210 may be an electric heating wire or a quartz heating tube. The uniform heater 210 can adjust the heating rate by adjusting the power. The uniform heater 210 is spaced apart from the battery 50 to be tested. That is, the uniform heater 210 is not in direct contact with the battery 50 to be tested. The uniform heater 210 generates heat and raises the temperature of the air in the case 100, so that the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested placed in the case 100 rises.

The air circulation device 220 may be disposed above, below, left, right, front, or rear of the uniform heater 210 and spaced from the uniform heater 210. The air circulation device 220 is used to change the air flow direction in the box 100 so that the heat in the box 100 is uniform. The air circulation device 220 may be a circulation fan or the like.

In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 includes the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220. The air circulation device 220 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other. Through the cooperation of the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220, the temperature in the cabinet 100 is uniformly increased. The battery 50 to be tested placed in the case 100 induces thermal runaway due to an excessively high ambient temperature. The present application is that the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment accurately simulates a scenario where the battery 50 to be tested has a full average temperature induced thermal runaway scenario, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

In one embodiment, the uniform heater 210 is a planar structure. The uniform heater 210 may be a heater having a planar structure such as a heating sheet or a heating plate. The uniform heater 210 may be fixed in the case 100 by a device such as a connecting rod. The uniform heater 210 may be suspended from an inner top end of the case 100 and disposed in parallel with the battery 50 to be tested. The air circulation device 220 may be suspended from an upper portion of the uniform heater 210. That is, the uniform heater 210 is disposed between the battery to be tested 50 and the air circulation device 220. The planar uniform heater 210 can increase the heating and heat dissipation area, thereby improving the heating efficiency, and further improving the working efficiency of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10.

Referring to FIG. 5, in one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 further includes a local heating device 700. The local heating device 700 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other. The uniform heater 210 is disposed between the air circulation device 220 and the local heating device 700.

The local heating device 700 is in local contact with the battery 50 to be tested, and is used to simulate a scenario in which local overheating of the battery induces thermal runaway in actual applications and spreads to other areas to induce overall thermal runaway. The local heating device 700 may be a heating rod or a laser heater. The local heating device 700 may be connected to the box body 100 in the form of a connecting rod or a support frame. During the thermal runaway experiment, the smaller the contact point between the local heating device 700 and the battery 50 to be tested, the smaller the hotspot that induces local thermal runaway, and the more realistic the simulation of the actual scene of local thermal runaway is. At the same time, the smaller the volume of the local heating device 700 is, the less the surrounding air is heated, and the more realistic the simulation of the local thermal runaway scenario is. The use of the local heating device 700 to simulate a local overheating induced thermal runaway scenario of the battery further improves the accuracy of the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 to simulate the thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving the test to be tested. Accuracy of battery 50 thermal runaway experiment results.

In one embodiment, the volume of the local heating device 700 is less than a preset threshold. When the local thermal runaway scenario is simulated, the smaller the volume of the local heating device 700 is, the more realistic the simulation of the local thermal runaway scenario is. The volume of the local heating device 700 is less than a preset threshold, which can effectively reduce the heating of the surrounding air, thereby reducing the influence of uniform heating factors. At the same time, the small volume of the local heating device 700 makes the contact point between the local heating device 700 and the battery 50 to be tested relatively small, so that the hot spots that cause local thermal runaway are small, and the actual scene of local thermal runaway is small. Simulation is more realistic. The specific value of the preset threshold may be obtained according to an experimental result, or may be set according to an actual demand.

Referring to FIG. 6, in one embodiment, the local heating device 700 includes a local heater 710 and a heat conductor 720. The heat-conducting body 720 is attached to the local heater 710. The heat-conducting body 720 is spaced apart from the uniform heater 210. The local heater 710 is used to generate heat. The local heater 710 may be a heating wire or the like. The heat-conducting body 720 may have a spherical structure, a cubic structure, or other irregular-shaped structures. The heat conductor 720 may be wrapped around the local heater 710 and adhered to the local heater 710. The smaller the volume of the heater 710 and the heat conductor 720 is, the better. The heat-conducting body 720 is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested, and is configured to conduct heat generated by the heater 710 to the battery 50 to be tested. The local heater 710 and the heat conductor 720 are used to locally heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby simulating a scenario where the battery is locally overheated and causing a thermal runaway scenario in actual applications, further improving the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 Accuracy of simulating a thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested.

In one embodiment, at least one surface of the thermal conductor 720 is an arc structure. The surface of the arc structure may be a surface remote from the uniform heater 210. The surface of the arc-shaped structure is in contact with the battery to be tested. The other surfaces of the heat-conducting body 720 may be curved surfaces or flat surfaces. For the convenience of processing and connection, the thermal conductor 720 may be a three-dimensional structure composed of five planes and one surface of an arc structure, and the tangent point of the surface of the arc structure is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested, thereby realizing the The thermal conductor 720 is in point contact with the battery 50 to be tested. The point contact with the battery to be tested is realized through the tangent point of the arc-shaped structural surface, so that the contact point becomes smaller, so that the thermal runaway trigger point becomes smaller. Therefore, the simulation of the actual scene of local thermal runaway is more realistic. At the same time, the local heater 710 may be disposed parallel to the battery 50 to be tested, so as to reduce the volume of the heat conductor 720, thereby reducing the influence on the surrounding air, and improving the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 for local The authenticity of a thermal runaway scenario simulation.

Referring to FIG. 7, in one embodiment, the local heating device 700 further includes a guide rail 730 and a connecting rod 740. The guide rail 730 and the connecting rod 740 are both disposed in the case 100. The connecting rod 740 is connected between the guide rail 730 and the heat conductor 720. And the connecting rod (740) is slidably connected with the guide rail (730), so that the connecting rod 740 can slide along the guide rail 730.

The guide rail 730 may be mounted on two side walls inside the box body 100, or may be set on the top of the box body 100. The connecting rod 740 can be used to support the heat conductor 720 and the local heater 710. The connecting rod 740 may be rod-shaped. One end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the heat conductor 720. The other end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the guide rail 730. The connecting rod 740 can slide along the guide rail 730 to change the positions of the heat conductor 720 and the local heater 710, and then change the thermal runaway trigger point of the local thermal runaway experiment. The guide rail 730 and the connecting rod 740 enable the local heating device 700 to be movable, thereby making the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 more convenient to use.

An embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 including the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30 described in any one of the preceding items. The measurement device 20 is connected to the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 for measuring data. The data analysis device 30 is connected to the measurement device 20 and is configured to obtain data measured by the measurement device 20 and perform analysis processing.

The measurement device 20 is used to measure the temperature, pressure, heat release rate, and air ejection volume and other related data during the thermal runaway of the battery. The measurement device 20 may include a temperature measurement device, a pressure measurement device, and the like. The number and setting positions of the measuring devices 20 can be selected according to requirements.

The data analysis device 30 may be a computer processor or a programmable logic processor. The measurement device 20 transmits the measured data to the data analysis device 30. The data analysis device 30 calculates, analyzes, and processes the data to obtain a required result.

In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30. The battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 can improve the accuracy of simulation of the actual scenario of battery thermal runaway, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment. The experimental results of the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in the embodiments of the present application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.

In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 further includes a display device 40. The display device 40 is connected to the data analysis device 30 and is configured to display a data analysis processing result. The display device 40 may also be used to display image information collected by the image acquisition device 60. Through the display device 40, the intelligence of human-computer interaction of the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 can be improved.

In one embodiment, the measurement device 20 includes a first temperature measurement device 21, a second temperature measurement device 22, a third temperature test device 25, a first pressure measurement device 23, and a second pressure measurement device 24. The first temperature measuring device 21 is disposed in the first gas channel 300 and is used to measure the temperature of the first gas channel 300. The second temperature measuring device 22 is disposed in the second gas channel 500 and is used to measure the temperature at the second gas channel 500. The third temperature measuring device 25 is disposed at the center of the surface of the battery 50 to be tested, and is configured to measure the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested. The first pressure measuring device 23 is disposed in the first gas passage 300 and is used to measure the pressure at the first gas passage 300. The second pressure measuring device 24 is disposed in the second gas passage 500 and is used to measure the pressure at the second gas passage 500.

When the air pump 400 injects air into the casing 100 through the first gas passage 300. The second gas channel 500 is opened. The first gas passage 300 and the second gas passage 500 form air convection. The first temperature measuring device 21 and the first pressure measuring device 23 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas in the first gas passage 300. The second temperature measuring device 22 and the second pressure measuring device 24 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas in the second gas passage 500. The data analysis device 30 calculates and analyzes the thermal runaway process of the battery 50 to be tested according to the temperature and pressure of the inflow gas at the first gas channel 300 and the temperature and pressure of the outflow gas at the second gas channel 500. Exothermic rate.

The battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in this embodiment is paired with the first temperature measurement device 21, the second temperature measurement device 22, the first pressure measurement device 23, and the second pressure measurement device 24. The temperature and pressure of the gas inflow channel and the gas outflow channel are measured respectively, and the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested is measured by the third temperature measuring device 25, and then the heat release during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested rate. Compared with the traditional technology of the device for calculating the heat release rate by the oxygen consumption method, the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the parameters during the battery thermal runaway process.

An embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment method, including:

S10. Measure the temperature at the first gas channel 300 through the first temperature measuring device 21 to obtain a first temperature.

S20. Measure the temperature at the second gas channel 500 through the second temperature measuring device 22 to obtain a second temperature.

S30. Measure the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested by the third temperature measuring device 25 to obtain a third temperature.

S40. Measure the pressure at the first gas channel 300 through the first pressure measuring device 23 to obtain a first pressure.

S50. Measure the pressure at the second gas channel 500 through the second pressure measuring device 24 to obtain a second pressure.

S60. The data analysis device 30 calculates a heat release rate of a battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.

The air pump 400 injects air into the tank 100 through the first gas passage 300, and the second gas passage 500 discharges air. At the same time, the battery 50 to be tested is heated by the heating device 200 until the battery 50 to be tested is thermally out of control. The first temperature measurement device 21, the second temperature measurement device 22, the first pressure measurement device 23, and the second pressure measurement device 24 are respectively used for the gas inflow place and location of the first gas passage 300. The temperature and pressure at the gas outflow of the second gas channel 500 are measured to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure. At the same time, the third temperature measuring device 25 measures the surface center temperature of the battery 50 to be tested to obtain the third temperature.

In one embodiment, the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:

Wherein, P _battery is the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested. c _p-air is the isobaric specific heat capacity of air in J / kg.K. ρ _{air_in} is the density of the gas at the first gas channel 300, and the unit is kg / m ³ . ρ _{air_out} is the density of the gas at the second gas channel 500, and the unit is kg / m ³ .

Is the flow rate at the first gas passage 300 in m ³ / s.

Is the flow rate of the second gas channel 500 in m ³ / s. T _out is the second temperature in K. T _in said first temperature in K. P _heater is the power of the heating device 200. P _released is the heat dissipation power of the box 100, and the unit is J / s. c _p-battary is the isobaric specific heat capacity of the battery 50 to be tested, and the unit is J / kg.K. m _b is the mass of the battery 50 to be tested. T _b is the third temperature. The volume is 300 V _in the gas flowing into the first gas passage. V _out is the volume of the gas flowing into the second gas channel 500. d _in is a cross-sectional area of the first gas passage 300. d _out is a cross-sectional area of the second gas passage 500. t is the time when air is injected through the first gas passage 300 and air is discharged through the second gas passage 500. P _in is the pressure of the first gas passage. P _out is the pressure of the second gas passage 500.

Among them, c _{p-air is} known, and in a case where the battery 50 to be tested is fixed, c _p-battary and m _b are known. In the case where the heating device 200 is fixed, P _heater and P _released are known. When the first gas passage 300 and the second gas passage 500 are fixed, d _in and d _out are known. t can be known by a timer or the like.

Through the above formula, the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested can be calculated. By integrating the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, the exothermic rate during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested can be obtained.

The battery thermal runaway experiment method provided in the embodiment of the present application passes the first temperature measuring device 21, the second temperature measuring device 22, the third temperature measuring device 25, the first pressure measuring device 23, and The second pressure measuring device 24 measures the temperature and pressure of the gas inflow of the first gas passage 300 and the gas outflow of the second gas passage 500, respectively, to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, A third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure. According to the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure, a heat release rate of the battery to be tested 50 during a thermal runaway process is calculated. Compared with the traditional method of calculating the heat release rate by the oxygen consumption method, the battery thermal runaway experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the heat release rate during the battery heat runaway process.

It should be noted that, in addition to the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10, system 1 and method provided in this application, in addition to testing the heat release rate during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, it can also test the thermal runaway The other parameters such as the temperature, pressure, and air volume of the battery 50 to be tested are described. Specifically, it can be selected and used according to actual needs.

The technical features of the embodiments described above can be arbitrarily combined. In order to simplify the description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have not been described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, It should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are more specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of patent application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

A battery thermal runaway experimental device (10), characterized in that it includes:

Cabinet (100);

A heating device (200) arranged in the box body (100) for generating heat;

A first gas channel (300) in communication with the box body (100) for gas circulation; and

An air pump (400), which is connected to the case (100) through the first gas channel (300), and is used to fill or extract the gas from the case (100) .
The thermal runaway test device (10) for a battery according to claim 1, further comprising:

The second gas channel (500) is in communication with the box body (100) and is used for gas circulation.
The experimental device (10) for thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 2, wherein the second gas passage (500) comprises a valve (510) and is provided in the second gas passage (500) for controlling The second gas passage (500) is opened and closed.
The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) according to claim 1, further comprising a safety valve (600) disposed in the case (100) for pressure relief.
The thermal runaway test device (10) for a battery according to claim 1, wherein the heating device (200) comprises:

A uniform heater (210) arranged in the box body (100);

An air circulation device (220) is disposed in the box body (100), and is arranged opposite to the uniform heater (210), and is used to change the air flow direction in the box body (100) so that the box The heat in the body (100) is uniform.
The experimental device (10) for thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 5, wherein the uniform heater (210) has a planar structure.
The experimental apparatus (10) for thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 5, further comprising a local heating device (700), which is disposed opposite to the uniform heater (210), and the uniform heater (210) It is arranged between the air circulation device (220) and the local heating device (700).
The battery thermal runaway device (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the volume of the local heating device (700) is smaller than a preset threshold.
The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) according to claim 7, wherein the local heating device (700) comprises:

Local heater (710);

A heat conductor (720) is disposed in close contact with the local heater (710), and the heat conductor (720) and the uniform heater (210) are spaced from each other.
The experimental device (10) for thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 8, characterized in that a surface of the heat conductor (720) far from the uniform heater (210) has an arc structure.
The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) according to claim 7, wherein the local heating device (700) further comprises:

The guide rail (730) is arranged in the box body (100);

A connecting rod (740) is provided in the box body (100), the connecting rod (740) is connected between the guide rail (730) and the heat conductor (720), and the connecting rod (740) Slidingly connected with the guide rail (730).
The battery thermal runaway experimental device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the case (100) includes a sealed door (110), and the sealed door (100) is disposed on the case (100) One side.
The battery thermal runaway experimental device (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the sealed door (110) includes an observation window (111), and the observation window (111) is disposed on the sealed door (110) .
The thermal runaway experimental device (10) according to claim 13, further comprising:

An image acquisition device (60) is disposed on the observation window (111).
The thermal runaway test device (10) for a battery according to claim 1, further comprising:

A battery holder (51) disposed in the box;

The receiving tray (52) is disposed on the battery holder (51);
The battery thermal runaway experimental device (10) according to claim 15, further comprising:

A protective cover (53) is provided on the receiving tray (52).
A battery thermal runaway experiment system (1), characterized in that it includes:

The battery thermal runaway experimental device (10) according to claim 2;

A measuring device (20) connected to the battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) for measuring data;

A data analysis device (30) is connected to the measurement device (20), and is configured to acquire data measured by the measurement device (20) and perform analysis processing.
The battery thermal runaway experiment system (1) according to claim 17, wherein the measurement device (20) comprises:

A first temperature measuring device (21), disposed on the first gas channel (300), and configured to measure a temperature at the first gas channel (300);

A second temperature measuring device (22), disposed in the second gas channel (500), and configured to measure a temperature at the second gas channel (500);

A third temperature measuring device (25), which is arranged at the center of the surface of the battery (50) to be tested and is used to measure the temperature of the battery (50) to be tested;

A first pressure measuring device (23), disposed on the first gas channel (300), and configured to measure a pressure at the first gas channel (300);

A second pressure measuring device (24) is disposed in the second gas channel (500) and is used to measure the pressure at the second gas channel (500).
The battery thermal runaway experiment system (1) according to claim 17, further comprising a display device (40) connected to the data analysis device (30) for displaying a data analysis processing result.
A battery thermal runaway experiment method using the battery thermal runaway experiment system (1) according to claim 18, comprising:

S10. Measure the temperature at the first gas channel (300) by the first temperature measuring device (21) to obtain a first temperature.

S20. Measure the temperature at the second gas channel (500) through the second temperature measuring device (22) to obtain a second temperature.

S30. Measure the temperature of the battery (50) to be tested by the third temperature measuring device (25) to obtain a third temperature.

S40. Measure the pressure at the first gas channel (300) through a first pressure measuring device (23) to obtain a first pressure.

S50. Measure the pressure at the second gas channel (500) through a second pressure measuring device (24) to obtain a second pressure.

S60. The data analysis device (30) calculates a heat release rate of a battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.