WO2020015384A1 - 一种整体全角度符合脑部pet探测器及整体设备 - Google Patents

一种整体全角度符合脑部pet探测器及整体设备 Download PDF

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WO2020015384A1
WO2020015384A1 PCT/CN2019/080784 CN2019080784W WO2020015384A1 WO 2020015384 A1 WO2020015384 A1 WO 2020015384A1 CN 2019080784 W CN2019080784 W CN 2019080784W WO 2020015384 A1 WO2020015384 A1 WO 2020015384A1
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pet
detection
crystal
detector
cavity
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PCT/CN2019/080784
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘继国
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山东麦德盈华科技有限公司
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Priority to US17/053,968 priority Critical patent/US11324467B2/en
Priority to JP2021514463A priority patent/JP7299308B2/ja
Publication of WO2020015384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015384A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/037—Emission tomography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/501—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
    • G01T1/2023—Selection of materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
    • A61B2562/046—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a matrix array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of PET detectors, and in particular, to a dedicated PET detector with extremely strong wrapping properties that has not appeared in the prior art and its overall equipment, a brain PET detector with an overall full-angle compliance, and Overall equipment.
  • PET Positron Emission Tomography
  • scanning objects In PET imaging, it is necessary to first inject a positron-labeled tracer into the scanned object, and then image the distribution of the tracer on the scanned object.
  • the imaging of the tracer-labeled site is specific and dynamic. Imaging, with extremely high recognition, is one of the imaging methods with the highest recognition at present.
  • PET equipment design a detector ring with a maximum length / depth.
  • the detectors of conventional PET equipment have insufficient axial depth and can only scan a limited part.
  • FIG. 2 shows an extension PET device in the prior art.
  • PET uses coincidence detection data acquisition.
  • LOR reaction line Line of Reaction
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the LOR of a PET detector in the prior art. It can be clearly seen that the two positions are compared in the figure. One position is at the center of the axial field of view of the detector, and one position is not at the center of the axial field of view but at the edge. Due to different positions, the probability of detection of LORs from different positions is extremely different. For most of the LORs that occur from the center, they can be detected as long as they are not horizontal or close to the level, and they occur from the edge. Only some vertical or near vertical axes can be detected. The number of LORs that can be detected from non-center occurrences is significantly lower than the number of LORs at the center point. Off-center, the sensitivity is getting lower and lower.
  • the sensitivity of any point in the PET field of view is determined by the solid angle covered by all LORs passing through the point.
  • the relationship between this sensitivity and position is shown in Figure 2. It shows that the closer to the center of gravity, the higher the sensitivity, otherwise the sensitivity at the edges is very low.
  • PET uses coincidence detection data acquisition.
  • two 511keV gamma rays are detected on two opposite detector crystals at the same time, it is called a true coincidence event.
  • Ma Ray is a valid positron instance. The occurrence of this positron instance is on a straight line between two crystals, which is the part we want to detect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the LOR of a PET detector in the prior art. It can be clearly seen that the two positions are compared in the figure. One position is at the center of the axial field of view of the detector, and one position is not at the center of the axial field of view but at the edge. Due to different positions, the probability of detection of LORs from different positions is extremely different. For most of the LORs that occur from the center, they can be detected as long as they are not horizontal or close to the level, and they occur from the edge. Only some vertical or near vertical axes can be detected.
  • the number of LORs that can be detected from non-center occurrences is significantly lower than the number of LORs at the center point.
  • the sensitivity is getting lower and lower.
  • the sensitivity of any point in the PET field of view is determined by the solid angle covered by all LORs passing through the point. The larger the solid angle covered by the LOR, the greater the sensitivity of this point.
  • the relationship between this sensitivity and position is shown in Figure 2. It shows that the closer to the center of gravity, the higher the sensitivity, otherwise the sensitivity at the edges is very low.
  • the detector ring generally used to detect the body is too large, if it is used to detect the brain, the effective sensitivity angle is actually very small, which may only be between 5-10 °, which also causes the obtained LOR corresponding image information to be very Less, basically unable to form effective and recognizable PET image information.
  • the special brain PET equipment has a much smaller aperture than whole body PET, which effectively reduces the impact of Non-collinearity on resolution.
  • people are trying to propose various solutions to improve the sensitivity of PET equipment.
  • There are two ways to increase the sensitivity increasing the thickness of the detector and increasing the solid angle of the detector. As the thickness of the detector increases, the accuracy of the gamma ray positioning decreases (Parallel Error), thereby reducing the spatial resolution, so increasing the solid angle of the detector becomes a more important means.
  • the existing brain PET designs mainly include the following: Helmet-shaped brain PET: US7884331B2.
  • the detector of this design adopts a ring-like design similar to the whole body PET, and the detector ring is installed on the helmet.
  • the nature of the design of this detector is the same as the design of the human PET detector. They are both ring detectors.
  • the main innovation is the installation of the detector ring. Because the detector ring is designed to be smaller and closer to the head, it can achieve a certain degree. The effect is improved, but because the upper helmet part is only used for wearing, and there is no detector function, there is actually no substantial technical progress. From the perspective of effective sensitivity, 360 ° covers a maximum of about 30-40 °, and the LOR of 11/12 still cannot be detected.
  • the PET of the brain in the prior art has insufficient coverage of the entire head, uneven sensitivity, poor capture of the exposed LOR, and the effect of generating dynamic images is particularly poor.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that the PET detector for the head / brain in the prior art is not wrapped well and the overall sensitivity is insufficient.
  • a simplified and improved The PET detector solution under this kind of device, can obtain reliable whole-brain PET images at one time through the device with the smallest size possible.
  • This method of solving the problem has not yet appeared in the existing technology, and even the existing None of the techniques explicitly raises the issue of sensitivity defects as before.
  • the solution of the present application is more targeted and more cost-effective than supplementing the detector sheet or blindly increasing the size of the detector ring. Compared with the existing PET equipment in the prior art, it is obviously more packaged. Strong, high sensitivity, and the effect is very good.
  • the present invention provides a PET detector that conforms to the brain at a full angle, and is characterized in that it includes a plurality of PET detection modules, and each PET detection module is composed of a PET detection crystal, a photoelectric sensor array, and a light guide.
  • the detection cavity with an opening is formed adjacent to the plurality of PET detection modules, and the length, width, and height of the cavity of the detection cavity are not more than 35-50cm, and the opening of the detection cavity is located at Below the detection cavity; the cross-sectional area at the opening is larger than the maximum cross-sectional area of the human head in the horizontal direction; except for the aforementioned openings, all of the aforementioned plurality of PET detection modules are detachably connected together; the aforementioned plural PET detection modules All void cross-sectional areas between them are smaller than 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the area of the smallest one of the aforementioned PET detection crystals.
  • the detection coverage of the detection cavity for real coincidence events reaches such a degree that at least 75-80% of the true coincidence events occurring from the center of the detection cavity are detected by the aforementioned plurality of PET detection modules.
  • the shape of the detection cavity is spherical or ellipsoidal;
  • the spherical shape specifically means that the axes of all PET detection modules pass through the center of the sphere, and the distance from the center of the inner surface of all PET detection modules to the center of the sphere is equal or inaccurate Within 8mm;
  • the shape of the sphere, except for the top and bottom parts, is either a regular polygonal column, a column, a round table with a large upper and a small round table, or a round table with a small upper and lower table, or a large round with a small table.
  • the top is a flat end cap, or the inner cavity of the top is part of a spherical surface, or the inner cavity of the top is a: b: c is any ratio Part of the ellipsoidal surface; the largest continuous gap formed between the top and the body is also smaller than 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the area of the smallest one of the aforementioned PET detection crystals.
  • a coincidence circuit is connected between each two PET detection modules;
  • the specific structure of each PET detection module is that a detector housing, a photoelectric sensor array, a light guide, and a PET detection crystal are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside, The light guide is tightly coupled to both the photoelectric sensor array and the PET detection crystal;
  • the material of the PET detection crystal is a scintillation crystal, which is composed of one or more crystal blocks;
  • the regular polygonal prism is a regular hexagonal prism Or a regular octagonal prism, the regular polygonal pyramid is a regular quadrangular pyramid or a regular hexagonal pyramid;
  • a ring-shaped shielding plate is attached close to the lower edge of the body, and the material of the shielding plate is stainless steel or boron-containing plastic or lead-containing plastic,
  • the shielding plate is formed by splicing 2-5 sub-boards of exactly the same shape.
  • a plurality of PET detection modules on the front of the detection cavity are removed to form an opening suitable for outward observation with both eyes.
  • the inward faces of the PET detection crystals are all planes or approximate planes, and are square or rectangular in shape; the crystal blocks, specifically, an array of crystal strips composed of a plurality of crystal strips, or are cut by one or more than one whole
  • the crystal composition of the scintillation crystal is selected from the group consisting of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals, sodium iodide (NaI) crystals, NaI (Tl) single crystal crystals, thorium silicate (LSO) crystals, gadolinium silicate (GSO) One or more of crystal and yttrium yttrium silicate (LYSO); a spacer made of a high atomic number substance is installed between each detection module ring or a high No spacers made of atomic number materials or between all detection module rings; the high atomic number materials are lead or tungsten; the regular polygonal prisms are regular hexagonal prisms or regular octagonal prisms, and the regular polygons It is a regular hexagon
  • the crystal bar array is composed of a plurality of crystal bars; the one or more crystal blocks are each composed of one or more integrally cut crystals.
  • the present invention also provides a full-angle coincidence PET detection device, which includes the full-angle coincidence PET detector as described above, and is characterized by further including a supporting member, a power supply circuit, A communication line and a PC terminal; the support member fixes and supports all the plurality of PET detection modules on the detection cavity, and the support member can drive the detection cavity to rotate at any angle, and can also move the detection cavity to any Directional translation;
  • the PC terminal is equipped with a PET signal acquisition and operation analysis system;
  • the power supply circuit provides the support member and all PET detection modules with power at a rated voltage;
  • the communication line will detect all PET detection modules The signal is transmitted to the aforementioned PET signal acquisition and operation analysis system.
  • the advantage of the invention is that it can be mainly divided into three points.
  • the second is some existing PET detectors in the brain, but their design ideas are still affected by the old way. Not only the design method is not targeted, but also the problem of insufficient capture of the overall sensitivity of the head, especially for the The lower part of the head, but it is very important for the image capture of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, and brain stem in the lower part, so the present invention is of great significance.
  • the third is the application method.
  • This application is manufactured in the simplest and intensive way, and only forms a cavity. For example, by covering the head from top to bottom, PET scanning of the head can be completed.
  • This method is not only simple and effective, but also The use of auspicious crystals is small, very economical, and the effect achieved is very good. All of the above is what nobody in the prior art expected and did.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of LORs at different detection points in an axially extended detector ring
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing that the axially lengthened detector ring has different sensitivities to various internal parts
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a helmet-shaped brain PET
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a plan for adding a brain PET of a top tilt detector
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a helmet plus a chin detector piece
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a detector with a spherical overall structure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a detector with an ellipsoidal overall structure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a detector with a bucket-shaped overall structure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a detector of a drum-shaped overall structure
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a PET detection module.
  • Corresponding devices are: 1, detector; 2, head, 3, detection cavity, 4, opening, 5, top, 6, body, 7, PET detection module, 8, photoelectric sensor array, 9, Light guide, 10, PET detection crystal.
  • An overall full-angle PET detector conforming to the brain is characterized in that it includes a plurality of PET detection modules, each PET detection module is composed of a PET detection crystal, a photoelectric sensor array and a light guide, and the PET detection crystals are directed to the detection cavity.
  • the detection cavity with an opening is formed adjacent to the plurality of PET detection modules, and the length, width, and height of the internal cavity of the detection cavity are not more than 35-50cm, and the opening of the detection cavity is located below the detection cavity.
  • the cross-sectional area of the opening is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the human head in the horizontal direction; except for the aforementioned opening, all of the aforementioned plurality of PET detection modules are detachably connected together; All void cross-sectional areas are less than 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the area of the smallest one of the aforementioned PET detection crystals.
  • the length, width, and height are not more than 35-50cm, and the specific upper limit can be 35/38/41/44/47 / 50cm.
  • the detector can be made of suitable detection masks that do not affect radiation.
  • it is made of engineering plastic, transparent or translucent resin. It is suitable for the installation of the aforementioned plurality of PET detection modules, and all detection modules are inserted inward. By detecting the corresponding preset position on the mold cover, the detector is formed, and the field assembly is simple and convenient.
  • the detection coverage of the detection cavity for real coincidence events reaches such a degree that at least 75-80% of the true coincidence events occurring from the center of the detection cavity are detected by the aforementioned plurality of PET detection modules.
  • the ratios are 76%, 77%, and 78%.
  • the shape of the detection cavity is spherical or ellipsoidal; the spherical shape specifically means that the axes of all PET detection modules pass through the center of the sphere, and the distance from the center of the inner surface of all PET detection modules to the center of the sphere is equal or inaccurate Within 8mm. From the design principle, it is best that the axes of all the modules pass through the center of the sphere, but in reality there will be errors. If the error is within 8mm, it is acceptable. In addition, if the axis of the detection module surface does not pass through The gap between the center of the detector and the center is within 1cm, which is also acceptable.
  • due to the general size of the head these two applications have little practical significance.
  • the shape of the sphere, except for the top and bottom parts, is either a regular polygonal column, a column, a round table with a large upper and a small round table, or a round table with a small upper and lower table, or a large round with a small table.
  • the top is a flat end cap, or the inner cavity of the top is part of a spherical surface, or the inner cavity of the top is a: b: c is any ratio Part of the ellipsoidal surface; the largest continuous gap formed between the top and the body is also smaller than 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the area of the smallest one of the aforementioned PET detection crystals, for example, 1/3.
  • the detection cavity must be able to hold head-sized objects, but in most cases, if purely spherical or ellipsoidal is used, the upper part is actually empty, which is not conducive to cost savings. After all, the cost of the detection module is not low. Different shapes of the body and the flatter top are combined, which not only achieves the detection effect, but also effectively saves costs.
  • a coincidence circuit is connected between each two PET detection modules;
  • the specific structure of each PET detection module is that a detector housing, a photoelectric sensor array, a light guide, and a PET detection crystal are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside, The light guide is tightly coupled to both the photoelectric sensor array and the PET detection crystal;
  • the material of the PET detection crystal is a scintillation crystal, which is composed of one or more crystal blocks;
  • the regular polygonal prism is a regular hexagonal prism Or a regular octagonal prism, the regular polygonal pyramid is a regular quadrangular pyramid or a regular hexagonal pyramid;
  • a ring-shaped shielding plate is attached close to the lower edge of the body, and the material of the shielding plate is stainless steel or boron-containing plastic or lead-containing plastic,
  • the shielding plate is formed by splicing 2-5 sub-boards of exactly the same shape.
  • the shielding plate here is also the originality of the present invention.
  • the radiation of PET also has a significant impact on the human body. It is inevitable. Due to the structure of the human body, the neck must be left empty. It can reduce the radiation effect of PET on the human body part, and it is also easy to disassemble.
  • the ring shielding plate can be provided with a buckle suitable for matching with the lower edge of the detection mold cover, which is convenient for disassembly. It can be two pieces symmetrical to the left and right, and it is installed after the head enters the detection cavity.
  • a plurality of PET detection modules on the front of the detection cavity are removed to form an opening suitable for outward observation with both eyes.
  • the openings suitable for outward observation with both eyes can be either the size and position of the surrounding detection module when the detection cavity is designed, preset at the beginning, or the detection module arrangement and detection mode of the overall detection cavity. After the hoods are designed, remove some detection modules or replace them with smaller detection modules.
  • the inward faces of the PET detection crystals are all planes or approximate planes, and are square or rectangular in shape; the crystal blocks, specifically, an array of crystal strips composed of a plurality of crystal strips, or cut by one or more than one whole
  • the crystal composition of the scintillation crystal is selected from the group consisting of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals, sodium iodide (NaI) crystals, NaI (Tl) single crystal crystals, thorium silicate (LSO) crystals, gadolinium silicate (GSO) One or more of crystal and yttrium yttrium silicate (LYSO); a spacer made of a high atomic number substance is installed between each detection module ring or a high No spacers made of atomic number materials or between all detection module rings; the high atomic number materials are lead or tungsten; the regular polygonal prisms are regular hexagonal prisms or regular octagonal prisms, and the regular polygons It is a regular hexagon or
  • the crystal bar array is composed of a plurality of crystal bars; the one or more crystal blocks are each composed of one or more integrally cut crystals.
  • the present invention also provides a full-angle coincidence PET detection device, which includes the full-angle coincidence PET detector as described above, and is characterized by further including a supporting member, a power supply circuit, A communication line and a PC terminal; the support member fixes and supports all the plurality of PET detection modules on the detection cavity, and the support member can drive the detection cavity to rotate at any angle, and can also move the detection cavity to any Directional translation;
  • the PC terminal is equipped with a PET signal acquisition and operation analysis system;
  • the power supply circuit provides the support member and all PET detection modules with power at a rated voltage;
  • the communication line will detect all PET detection modules The signal is transmitted to the aforementioned PET signal acquisition and operation analysis system.
  • the above-mentioned support members are more flexibly arranged, which also makes it possible to use them in actual inspection.
  • a spherical overall structure is formed, and a head can be set, and only a horizontally-cut opening is exposed below, of course, it is not necessary to force a horizontal cut, and the modules at the openings may be uneven.
  • the advantage of this mechanism is that the design is simple, the detection module can be one size, and the detection cover is also very well designed. It is the same at all angles, and only an opening is required at the lower part.
  • the disadvantage is that after the human head enters laterally, because the human head is mostly long and vertical, the diameter of the transverse section is not so large, and the arrangement of the modules in the transverse direction is a bit wasteful, and such a large space is not required.
  • the detection module can be 2-3 sizes, and the detection mold cover is also very well designed. All angles are the same, and only the opening in the lower part is required.
  • the disadvantage is that after the human head enters horizontally, for the case of insufficient longitudinal length, the upper module setting is a bit wasteful and does not require such a large space.
  • an inverted bucket type can be formed, and a head can be set, and a horizontally-cut opening is exposed only at the bottom.
  • the modules at the openings may be uneven.
  • the advantage of this mechanism is that the design is simple, and the detection module can be 2-3 sizes.
  • the side is designed as a trapezoidal surface and a rectangular surface
  • the top is designed as a rectangular surface and a triangular or sector surface. It is used to form an approximately circular top.
  • the design of the detection mold cover is slightly more complicated. It is necessary to consider that the above five different size modules need to be installed.
  • the advantage of this structure is that it is easy to access because of the large opening below.
  • the disadvantage is that the large opening below causes the capture rate of the LOR to drop, approaching the lower limit of 75%, and if the c-axis direction of the head is too long, the capture rate of the LOR is greatly reduced, and even this configuration cannot be used.
  • the top flat plate can be hooded, and only the horizontal cutting opening is exposed at the bottom. Of course, it is not necessary to force the horizontal cutting and opening.
  • the modules can be uneven.
  • the advantage of this mechanism is that the design is simple, and the detection module can be 2-3 sizes.
  • the side is designed as a trapezoidal surface and a rectangular surface
  • the top is designed as a rectangular surface and a triangular or sector surface. It is used to form an approximately circular top.
  • the design of the detection mold cover is slightly more complicated. It is necessary to consider that the above five different size modules need to be installed.
  • the advantage of this structure is that it saves crystals because the overall design is relatively space-saving.
  • the disadvantage is that most of the openings below are not wide enough, which makes it difficult to enter. At the same time, if the head a and b axis directions are too long, the head is difficult to enter, and even this configuration cannot be used.
  • the present application can adopt various forms of matching of the body and the top, as described in Embodiment 1, without being limited to the description of Embodiment 2-5, because there are so many ways, and it cannot be exhausted here. However, there is no difficulty in implementation here, all are within the protection scope of this application.
  • the supporting members are not shown in Figs. 6-9, but the technology in the art is sufficient to be equipped according to the foregoing description, and there are no technical obstacles in implementation.

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Abstract

一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器（1）和整体设备，探测器（1）包含复数个PET探测模件（7），每个PET探测模件（7）都由PET探测晶体（10）和光电传感器阵列（8）和光导（9）组成，PET探测晶体（10）均向腔内方向布置；复数个PET探测模件（7）形成具有一开口（4）的探测腔（3），探测腔（3）内腔的长宽高不大于35-50cm，探测腔（3）的开口（4）位于探测腔（3）下方；开口（4）处截面积大于头部（2）在水平上的最大截面积；除开口（4），所有PET探测模件（7）均不可拆卸地连接在一起；复数个PET探测模件（7）之间的所有空隙截面积均小于PET探测晶体（10）中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。从探测腔（3）中心发生的真实符合事件，至少75-80％被复数个PET探测模件（7）探测到。

Description

一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器及整体设备 技术领域
本发明涉及PET探测器的技术领域，尤其涉及一种现有技术中没有出现过的包裹性极强的专用PET探测器及其整体设备，一种整体全角度符合的脑部PET探测器及其整体设备。
背景技术
正电子发射断层成像(Positron Emission Tomography,以下简称PET)设备被广泛应用于动物和人体(以下简称扫描对象)的特异性成像。在PET成像时，需要首先向扫描对象注射正电子核素标记的示踪剂，然后对示踪剂在扫描对象的分布进行成像，对示踪剂标记的部位的成像特异性强，且可以动态成像，识别度极高,是当前最高识别度的成像手段之一。
一般的PET设备思路，就是设计成探测器环，最多加长长度/深度。传统的PET设备的探测器的轴向深度不足，只能够扫描有限的局部。这种成像方法存在两个问题：第一，成像速度慢，每个床位需要1-5分钟之间，轴向视野在20cm左右，还需要额外的计算时间；第二，PET的一大优点就是可以获取示踪剂的动态信息，但是深度不足的探测器是无法获取全身的示踪剂动态信息的，以脑部为例，如果希望得到颈部的或者额头部的动态信息，则是不可能的，现有的头部探测器环只能得到头部中部位置的动态信息。
这种探测器环设计的问题在于扫描视野内的灵敏度不够均匀，灵敏度在探测器整体中间处最高，随着位置从中心沿着轴线向探测器两端移动，灵敏度快速下降，到探测器的两端的位置下降到很低的程度，甚至为零，图2为现有技术中的延长PET设备。
造成这种现象的原因是PET采用符合探测的数据采集方式，当两个恰恰相对的探测器晶体上同时检测到511keV的伽马射线的时候，称为真实符合事件，才会把这两个伽马射线作为一个有效的正电子事例，这个正电子事例的发生位置在两个晶体之间的直线上，也就是我们要检测的部位。这条直线被称为反应线Line of Reaction，以下简称LOR。
图1是现有技术中PET探测器的LOR示意图，图中两个发生位置对比明显可以看到，一个位置在探测器轴向视野的中心，一个位置不在轴向视野的中心而在边缘部位，由于位置不同导致从不同位置发生的LOR的被检测到的几率差别极大，对于从中心的发生位置发生的LOR绝大部分，只要不是水平或者接近水平都可以被检测到，从边缘发生位置发生的LOR只有一些垂直或者接近垂直于轴向的才可以被检测到，能够被检测到的从非中心的发生位置的LOR数量明显低于中心点的LOR数量，这也就导致了随着发生位置偏离LOR中心，灵敏度越来越低。在PET视野内任意一点的灵敏度由穿过该点的所有LOR所覆盖的立体角所决定，LOR覆盖的立体角越大，该点的灵敏度越大，这种灵敏度与位置的关系如图2所示，越靠近重心灵敏度越高，反之边缘处灵敏度非常低。
临床的全身PET设备由于孔径大，一方面其灵敏度过低,导致单个床位的扫描时间通常为数分钟，另一方面同时由于正电子湮灭产生的伽马射线对本身的非共线性(non-collinearity)导致空间分辨率受到限制，导致其不适于脑部的专用检测。造成这种现象的原因是PET采用符合探测的数据采集方式，当两个恰恰相对的探测器晶体上同时检测到511keV的伽马射线的时候，称为真实符合事件，才会把这两个伽马射线作为一个有效的正电子事例，这个正电子事例的发生位置在两个晶体之间的直线上，也就是我们要检测的部位。这条直线被称为反应线Line of Reaction，以下简称LOR。图1是现有技术中PET探测器 的LOR示意图，图中两个发生位置对比明显可以看到，一个位置在探测器轴向视野的中心，一个位置不在轴向视野的中心而在边缘部位，由于位置不同导致从不同位置发生的LOR的被检测到的几率差别极大，对于从中心的发生位置发生的LOR绝大部分，只要不是水平或者接近水平都可以被检测到，从边缘发生位置发生的LOR只有一些垂直或者接近垂直于轴向的才可以被检测到，能够被检测到的从非中心的发生位置的LOR数量明显低于中心点的LOR数量，这也就导致了随着发生位置偏离LOR中心，灵敏度越来越低。在PET视野内任意一点的灵敏度由穿过该点的所有LOR所覆盖的立体角所决定，LOR覆盖的立体角越大，该点的灵敏度越大，这种灵敏度与位置的关系如图2所示，越靠近重心灵敏度越高，反之边缘处灵敏度非常低。同时，由于一般用于检测身体的探测器环太大，如果用来检测脑部，实际上有效的灵敏度角度非常小，可能只有5-10°之间，也导致得到的LOR对应的图像信息非常少，基本上无法形成有效可识别的PET图像信息。
由此产生了专用的脑PET设备。专用脑PET设备的孔径比全身PET小很多，从而有效降低了Non-collinearity对分辨率的影响。与此同时，人们试图提出各种解决方案来提高PET设备的灵敏度。提高灵敏度的方法有两种，增加探测器的厚度和增加探测器的立体角。由于探测器的厚度增加会导致伽马射线定位的精度下降(Parallel Error)，从而降低空间分辨率，因此提高探测器的立体角成为一个更为重要的手段。
现有的脑PET设计主要有以下几种：头盔状脑PET：US7884331B2，这种设计的探测器采用于全身性PET类似的环形设计，探测器环安装在头盔上。这种探测器的设计的本质和人体PET的探测器设计相同，都是环形探测器，主要创新在于探测器环的安装方式，由于探测器环设计的更小，更贴近头部，可取得一 定的效果改善，但是由于上面的头盔部仅仅是用于佩戴，没有探测器功能，则其实没有实质技术进步。从有效的灵敏度角度方面而言，360°最多也就覆盖了30-40°左右，11/12的LOR还是没有办法被检测到。
向内倾斜探测器的添加：US9529100B2，该文献中，在传统的探测器环的上方增加了向内倾斜的顶部探测器阵列，从而可以覆盖更大的立体角。但是这种设计有两个方面的问题，第一，顶部探测器没有覆盖头顶部位；第二，下方探测器环没有覆盖下颚以下的部分，因此其立体角仍然受限。从有效的灵敏度角度方面而言，360°最多也就覆盖了80-120°左右，2/3以上的LOR还是没有办法被检测到。
补充下巴探测器：US9226717B2：这个发明把探测器分成头盔状探测器和下巴探测器两个部分，通过增加下巴探测器，从而可以覆盖更大的立体角。在这个发明中，为了消除病人的幽闭感，头盔探测器前部的下沿在病人眼部上方，因此病人面部的正前方没有探测器，因此其灵敏度仍然受限。头盔覆盖的角度不到一半，下巴探测器只有一小片，对于整体LOR的补全的加强非常有限，从有效的灵敏度角度方面而言，360°最多也就覆盖了160-180°左右，1/2以上的LOR还是没有办法被检测到。该文献中，还对该下巴探测器片进行了扩展，但是扩展后的探测器仍然，上面头盔部分露出眼睛，加上较大的下巴片，实际检测有效角度也就在200°左右，仍然有大量的LOR捕捉不到。
综上，现有技术中的脑部PET，对于整个头部的覆盖度均不足，灵敏度不均匀，对于裸露在外部分的LOR捕捉不力，在生成动态图像方面的效果差尤其明显，对于以上的现有技术，举例而言，如果我们想获取口腔部分或者脑干部分的PET动态图像，用以上技术都是得不到清晰图像的，结果都无法用于观测，也就是说，头部的很多区域，尤其是下半部分的很多区域的PET图像都无法很 好地获取。这个问题是仅仅依靠现有的探测器环或者头盔式所不能解决的，其无法从根本上解决一次性头部PET清晰成像或者一次整个头部PET动态成像的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术中所存在的针对头部/脑部的PET探测器包裹性不强，整体灵敏度不足的问题，针对这种没有有效方案的状况，给出一种精简且完善的PET探测器方案，在这种装置之下，可以通过尽量小尺寸的设备，一次性获取可信的全脑PET图像的问题，这一解决问题的方式在现有技术尚未出现，甚至现有技术中都没有明确地提出如前的存在的灵敏度缺陷的问题。本申请的方案相对于检测地补充检测器片或者一味地加大检测器环的尺寸，更具针对性，更节约成本，相对于现有技术中已经有的脑部PET设备，明显包裹性更强，灵敏度高，效果还非常好。现有技术中一般没有超越头部上半部分的探测器设置，这样对于一次探查中探查到头部的下半部极为不利，即使仅仅针对脑部，由于探测腔开口过大，即使针对头部上部，LOR的捕捉率也较低，达不到很好的检测效果。
本发明提供一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：包含复数个PET探测模件，每个PET探测模件都由PET探测晶体和光电传感器阵列和光导组成，PET探测晶体均向探测腔的腔内方向布置；由所述复数个PET探测模件相邻形成具有一开口的探测腔，该探测腔内腔的长宽高均不大于35-50cm，该探测腔的开口位于探测腔下方；该开口处截面积大于人头部在水平方向上的最大截面积；除前述开口外，所有前述复数个PET探测模件均不可拆卸地连接在一起；前述复数个PET探测模件之间的所有空隙截面积均小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。
该探测腔的对真实符合事件的检测覆盖度达到这样的程度，从该探测腔中心发生的真实符合事件，至少75-80％被前述复数个PET探测模件探测到。
所述探测腔的形状是球状、椭球状；所述球状，具体是指所有PET探测模件的轴线均通过球心，且所有PET探测模件的内表面中心处到球心的距离相等或误差在8mm内；所述椭球状，具体是指所述探测腔内腔形成c＞a＝b的椭球状。
所述探测腔是由顶部和身部两个不同几何形状的部分拼接而成；所述身部的形状是以下形状的其中一种：球形的中间一部分形状，或是c＞a＝b的椭球形去除顶部和底部各一部分的形状，或是正多棱柱状，或是圆柱状，或是上大下小的圆台状，或是上小下大的圆台状，或是上大下小的正多棱锥状，或是上小下大的正多棱锥状；所述顶部是平面状端盖，或者是顶部的内腔是球面的一部分，或者是顶部的内腔是a：b：c是任意比例的椭球面的一部分；所述顶部和身部之间形成的最大的连续空隙也小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。
在每两个PET探测模件之间都连接着符合电路；所述每个PET探测模件的具体构造为，从外至内依次设置有探测器外壳、光电传感器阵列、光导、PET探测晶体，光导既与光电传感器阵列紧密耦合，也与PET探测晶体紧密耦合；所述PET探测晶体材质是闪烁晶体，该闪烁晶体由1个或者1个以上的晶体块组成；所述正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述正多棱锥是正四棱锥或正六棱锥；紧贴所述身部下缘附接有圆环型的屏蔽板，所述屏蔽板的材质是不锈钢或者含硼塑料或者含铅塑料，所述屏蔽板由形状完全相同的2-5块分板拼接而成。
所述探测腔的前部偏上的若干个PET探测模件被移除，形成一适于双眼向外观察的开口。
所述PET探测晶体向内的面均是平面或近似平面，且形状为正方形或长方形；所述晶体块，具体是由复数个晶体条组成的晶体条阵列或者由1个或者1个以上整体切割的晶体组成；所述闪烁晶体的材质选自锗酸铋(BGO)晶体、碘化钠(NaI)晶体、NaI(Tl)单晶晶体、硅酸镥(LSO)晶体、硅酸钆(GSO)晶体、硅酸钇镥(LYSO)的其中一种或多种；在每个探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者部分探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者所有探测模件环之间均不装设隔片；所述高原子序数物质是铅或钨；所述 正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述正多边形是正六边形或正八边形。
所述晶体条阵列由复数个晶体条组成；所述1个或者1个以上的晶体块，每一个晶体块是由1个或者1个以上的整体切割的晶体组成。
为了整体实施的方便和必要性，本发明还提供一种全角度符合PET探测设备，其包括如前所述的全角度符合PET探测器，其特征在于：还具有一支撑构件、一供电电路、一通讯线路、一PC终端；该支撑构件固定并支撑前述探测腔上的所有复数个PET探测模件，该支撑构件可带动所述探测腔以任意角度转动，也可带动所述探测腔向任意方向平移；该PC终端上具备PET信号采集与运算分析系统；该供电电路给所述支撑构件以及所有PET探测模件提供额定电压下的电能；该通讯线路将所有PET探测模件的检测到的信号传送给前述PET信号采集与运算分析系统。
本发明的优点是，主要可以分为三点，一是针对利用一般检查全身的PET设备而言，所用的实际晶体还相对较少，却实现了非常好的检测效果，不仅能针对头部一次清晰成像，甚至能一次形成整个头部的动态图像。二是现有一些脑部的PET探测器，但是其设计思路仍然受旧有方式影响，不仅设计方式针对性不强，而且也没有关注到对于头部整体灵敏度捕捉程度不够的问题，尤其是针对头部下半部分，但是对于下半部分中的口腔、鼻咽、脑干部的图像捕捉又是十分重要的，由此本发明的意义重大。三是应用方式，本申请以最简单集约的方式制造，仅形成一个腔体，例如通过从上而下套住头部，即可完成头部的PET扫描，这种方式不仅简单有效，而是使奥贵的晶体用量较少，非常经济，而且实现的效果非常好。上述均是现有技术没有人想到也没有人做到的。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是轴向加长探测器环中，不同的检测点的LOR能被捕捉到的示意图；
图2是轴向加长探测器环对于内部各部位灵敏度不同的示意图；
图3是头盔状脑PET的示意图；
图4是增加顶部倾斜探测器的脑部PET的方案示意图；
图5是头盔加上下巴探测器片的示意图；
图6是球形整体结构的探测器的示意图；
图7是椭球型整体结构的探测器的示意图；
图8是水桶形整体结构的探测器的示意图；
图9是鼓形整体结构的探测器的示意图；
图10是PET探测模件的结构示意图。
附图标记对应装置为，1、探测器；2、头部、3、探测腔、4、开口、5、顶部、6、身部、7、PET探测模件、8、光电传感器阵列、9、光导、10、PET探测晶体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1
一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：包含复数个PET探测模件，每个PET探测模件都由PET探测晶体和光电传感器阵列和光导组成，PET探测晶体均向探测腔的腔内方向布置；由所述复数个PET探测模件相邻形成具有一开口的探测腔，该探测腔内腔的长宽高均不大于35-50cm，该探测腔的开口位于探测腔下方；该开口处截面积大于人头部在水平方向上的最大截面积；除前述开口外，所有前述复数个PET探测模件均不可拆卸地连接在一起；前述复数个PET探测模件之间的所有空隙截面积均小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。这里长宽高均不大于35-50cm，具体上限可以是35/38/41/44/47/50cm。
该探测器可以制作适合的不影响辐射的探测模罩，例如工程塑料、透明或半透明树脂制作而成，适于前述复数个PET探测模件的安装，则将所有的探测模件向内插入探测模罩上的对应预设位置，探测器即告成型，实地装配简单方便。
该探测腔的对真实符合事件的检测覆盖度达到这样的程度，从该探测腔中心发生的真实符合事件，至少75-80％被前述复数个PET探测模件探测到。例如是76％、77％、78％的比率。这样的设计保证了真实符合事件的捕捉率，对比现有技术一般仅头上部包裹较严，但是根据PET捕捉原理，其LOR的捕捉率也最多不过50％左右。
所述探测腔的形状是球状、椭球状；所述球状，具体是指所有PET探测模件的轴线均通过球心，且所有PET探测模件的内表面中心处到球心的距离相等或误差在8mm内。从设计原理上看，所有模件的轴线都穿过球心最好，但是现实中难免有所误差，如果误差在8mm之内，也是可以接受的，此外如果探测模件表面的轴线不是穿过探测器的中心而是与中心的差距在1cm以内，也是可以接受的。所述椭球状，具体是指所述探测腔内腔形成c＞a＝b的椭球状。这里由于针对头部检测应用，c＞a＝b的椭球状较为适宜，a＞c＝b的椭球状和b＞a＝c的椭球状也是可以应用的，但由于头部的一般尺寸情况，这两种应用起来实际意义不大。
所述探测腔是由顶部和身部两个不同几何形状的部分拼接而成；所述身部的形状是以下形状的其中一种：球形的中间一部分形状，或是c＞a＝b的椭球形去除顶部和底部各一部分的形状，或是正多棱柱状，或是圆柱状，或是上大下小的圆台状，或是上小下大的圆台状，或是上大下小的正多棱锥状，或是上小下大的正多棱锥状；所述顶部是平面状端盖，或者是顶部的内腔是球面的一部分，或者是顶部的内腔是a：b：c是任意比例的椭球面的一部分；所述顶部和身部之间形成的最大的连续空隙也小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3，例如是1/3。该探测腔必须要能保证可以盛装头部大小物体，但是多数情况下，如果纯用球形或者椭球型，则其实上部较为空，不利于节约成本，毕竟探测模件的成本不低，如此将不同形状的身部和较为平缓的顶部组合在一 起，在实现了检测效果的同时还有效地节约了成本。
在每两个PET探测模件之间都连接着符合电路；所述每个PET探测模件的具体构造为，从外至内依次设置有探测器外壳、光电传感器阵列、光导、PET探测晶体，光导既与光电传感器阵列紧密耦合，也与PET探测晶体紧密耦合；所述PET探测晶体材质是闪烁晶体，该闪烁晶体由1个或者1个以上的晶体块组成；所述正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述正多棱锥是正四棱锥或正六棱锥；紧贴所述身部下缘附接有圆环型的屏蔽板，所述屏蔽板的材质是不锈钢或者含硼塑料或者含铅塑料，所述屏蔽板由形状完全相同的2-5块分板拼接而成。这里的屏蔽板也是本发明独创之处，PET的辐射对人体也有明显影响，不可不防，由于人体结构的问题，脖子处必须留空，则上述类似枷型的圆环屏蔽板，可以最大限度地降低PET对人身体部分的辐射影响，而且还便于拆装，该圆环屏蔽板可设有适于与所述探测模罩的下缘相配合的卡扣，便于拆装，该屏蔽板例如可以是左右对称的两块，在头部进入探测腔之后进行安装。
所述探测腔的前部偏上的若干个PET探测模件被移除，形成一适于双眼向外观察的开口。这里的适于双眼向外观察的开口，既可以是在探测腔设计时设计好周边探测模件的尺寸和位置，一开始就预设，也可以在整体探测腔的探测模件安排和探测模罩都设计好后，去掉部分探测模件或者用面积更小的探测模件取代之。
所述PET探测晶体向内的面均是平面或近似平面，且形状为正方形或长方形；所述晶体块，具体是由复数个晶体条组成的晶体条阵列或者由1个或者1个以上整体切割的晶体组成；所述闪烁晶体的材质选自锗酸铋(BGO)晶体、碘化钠(NaI)晶体、NaI(Tl)单晶晶体、硅酸镥(LSO)晶体、硅酸钆(GSO)晶体、硅酸钇镥(LYSO)的其中一种或多种；在每个探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者部分探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者所有探测模件环之间均不装设隔片；所述高原子序数物质是铅或钨；所述正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述正多边形是正六边形或正八边形。
上述晶体不是穷举，本申请的发明创新之处并非在于材料本身，所有现有的 未来一些晶体都可以用于本申请。
所述晶体条阵列由复数个晶体条组成；所述1个或者1个以上的晶体块，每一个晶体块是由1个或者1个以上的整体切割的晶体组成。
为了整体实施的方便和必要性，本发明还提供一种全角度符合PET探测设备，其包括如前所述的全角度符合PET探测器，其特征在于：还具有一支撑构件、一供电电路、一通讯线路、一PC终端；该支撑构件固定并支撑前述探测腔上的所有复数个PET探测模件，该支撑构件可带动所述探测腔以任意角度转动，也可带动所述探测腔向任意方向平移；该PC终端上具备PET信号采集与运算分析系统；该供电电路给所述支撑构件以及所有PET探测模件提供额定电压下的电能；该通讯线路将所有PET探测模件的检测到的信号传送给前述PET信号采集与运算分析系统。上述支撑构件较为灵活的设置，也使得实际检测中的利用成为可能。
实施例2
如图6所示，本实施例的探测器形状中，形成球形整体结构，可套头，仅仅下方露出水平切割的开口，当然可以不必强求水平切割，开口处模件可以不齐。这种机构的优点有，设计简单，探测模件可以一个尺寸就行，探测模罩也非常好设计，各种角度都是一样，只需下部留出开口即可。缺点在于人头部横向进入后，由于人头部多数是上下较长，横向截面直径没有那么大，横向上的模件设置有些浪费，并不需要这么大的空间。
实施例3
如图7所示，本实施例的探测器形状中，形成C＞a＝b的椭球型，可套头，仅仅下方露出水平切割的开口，当然可以不必强求水平切割，开口处模件可以不齐。这种机构的优点有，设计简单，探测模件可以2-3个尺寸就行，探测模罩也非常好设计，各种角度都是一样，只需下部留出开口即可。缺点在于人头部横向进入后，对于纵向长度不足的情况，上方的模件设置有些浪费，并不需要这么大的空间。
实施例4
如图8所示，本实施例的探测器形状中，形成倒扣的水桶型，可套头，仅仅下方露出水平切割的开口，当然可以不必强求水平切割，开口处模件可以不齐。这种机构的优点有，设计简单，探测模件可以2-3个尺寸就行，如侧面设计成梯形面和矩形面，顶部设计成矩形面和三角形或扇形面，用于形成近似圆形的顶部，探测模罩的设计稍显复杂，要考虑到需要装入上述五种不同尺寸模件。这种结构的优点还在于进入容易，因为下方开口大。缺点在于下方开口大导致LOR的捕捉率有所下降，接近75％的下限，同时假若头部c轴方向过长，则LOR的捕捉率大大降低，甚至于无法使用此种配置。
实施例5
如图9所示，本实施例的探测器形状中，形成身部C＞a＝b的椭球型，顶部平板，可套头，仅仅下方露出水平切割的开口，当然可以不必强求水平切割，开口处模件可以不齐。这种机构的优点有，设计简单，探测模件可以2-3个尺寸就行，如侧面设计成梯形面和矩形面，顶部设计成矩形面和三角形或扇形面，用于形成近似圆形的顶部，探测模罩的设计稍显复杂，要考虑到需要装入上述五种不同尺寸模件。这种结构的优点还在于节约晶体，因为整体设计比较省空间。缺点在于下方开口多数不够宽大，导致进入有些困难，同时假若头部a、b轴方向过长，则头部难以进入，甚至于无法使用此种配置。
在形状配置上本申请可采用身部和顶部的多种形式配合，如实施例1中所述，而不拘于实施例2-5的描述，因为这种方式非常多，无法在这里穷举，但是这里实施没有困难，都是本申请的保护范围。支撑构件在图6-9中未画出，但是本领域技术足以按照前述说明配备，没有实施上的技术障碍。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    包含复数个PET探测模件，每个PET探测模件都由PET探测晶体和光电传感器阵列和光导组成，PET探测晶体均向探测腔的腔内方向布置；
    由所述复数个PET探测模件相邻形成具有一开口的探测腔，该探测腔内腔的长宽高均不大于35-50cm，该探测腔的开口位于探测腔下方；该开口处截面积大于人头部在水平方向上的最大截面积；
    除前述开口外，所有前述复数个PET探测模件均不可拆卸地连接在一起；前述复数个PET探测模件之间的所有空隙截面积均小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    该探测腔的对真实符合事件的检测覆盖度达到这样的程度，从该探测腔中心发生的真实符合事件，至少75-80％被前述复数个PET探测模件探测到。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    所述探测腔的形状是球状、椭球状；
    所述球状，具体是指所有PET探测模件的轴线均通过球心，且所有PET探测模件的内表面中心处到球心的距离相等或误差在8mm内；
    所述椭球状，具体是指所述探测腔内腔形成c＞a＝b的椭球状。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    所述探测腔是由顶部和身部两个不同几何形状的部分拼接而成；
    所述身部的形状是以下形状的其中一种：球形的中间一部分形状，或是c＞a＝b的椭球形去除顶部和底部各一部分的形状，或是正多棱柱状，或是圆柱状，或是上大下小的圆台状，或是上小下大的圆台状，或是上大下小的正多棱锥状，或是上小下大的正多棱锥状；
    所述顶部是平面状端盖，或者是顶部的内腔是球面的一部分，或者是顶部的内腔是a：b：c是任意比例的椭球面的一部分；
    所述顶部和身部之间形成的最大的连续空隙也小于前述PET探测晶体中最小一个的面积的1/2-1/3。
  5. 如权利要求3或4其中之一所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    在每两个PET探测模件之间都连接着符合电路；
    所述每个PET探测模件的具体构造为，从外至内依次设置有探测器外壳、光电传感器阵列、光导、PET探测晶体，光导既与光电传感器阵列紧密耦合，也与PET探测晶体紧密耦合；
    所述PET探测晶体材质是闪烁晶体，该闪烁晶体由1个或者1个以上的晶体块组成；
    所述正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述正多棱锥是正四棱锥或正六棱锥；
    紧贴所述身部下缘附接有圆环型的屏蔽板，所述屏蔽板的材质是不锈钢或者含硼塑料或者含铅塑料，所述屏蔽板由形状完全相同的2-5块分板拼接而成。
  6. 如权利要求3或4其中之一所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    所述探测腔的前部偏上的若干个PET探测模件被移除，形成一适于双眼向外观察的开口。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    所述PET探测晶体向内的面均是平面或近似平面，且形状为正方形或长方形；
    所述晶体块，具体是由复数个晶体条组成的晶体条阵列或者由1个或者1个以上整体切割的晶体组成；
    所述闪烁晶体的材质选自锗酸铋(BGO)晶体、碘化钠(NaI)晶体、NaI(Tl)单晶晶体、硅酸镥(LSO)晶体、硅酸钆(GSO)晶体、硅酸钇镥(LYSO)的其中一种或多种；
    在每个探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者部分探测模件环之间装设有高原子序数物质制成的隔片或者所有探测模件环之间均不装设隔片；
    所述高原子序数物质是铅或钨；所述正多棱柱是正六棱柱或正八棱柱，所述 正多边形是正六边形或正八边形。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种整体全角度符合脑部PET探测器，其特征在于：
    所述晶体条阵列由复数个晶体条组成；所述1个或者1个以上的晶体块，每一个晶体块是由1个或者1个以上的整体切割的晶体组成。
  9. 一种整体全角度符合PET探测设备，其包括如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的全角度符合PET探测器，其特征在于：
    还具有一支撑构件、一供电电路、一通讯线路、一PC终端；
    该支撑构件固定并支撑前述探测腔上的所有复数个PET探测模件，该支撑构件可带动所述探测腔以任意角度转动，也可带动所述探测腔向任意方向平移；
    该PC终端上具备PET信号采集与运算分析系统；
    该供电电路给所述支撑构件以及所有PET探测模件提供额定电压下的电能；
    该通讯线路将所有PET探测模件的检测到的信号传送给前述PET信号采集与运算分析系统。
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