WO2020015361A1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020015361A1
WO2020015361A1 PCT/CN2019/076411 CN2019076411W WO2020015361A1 WO 2020015361 A1 WO2020015361 A1 WO 2020015361A1 CN 2019076411 W CN2019076411 W CN 2019076411W WO 2020015361 A1 WO2020015361 A1 WO 2020015361A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid
semi
additive manufacturing
zone
melt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/076411
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡小刚
朱强
李忠
周阳
Original Assignee
南方科技大学
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Publication of WO2020015361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015361A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, for example, to an additive manufacturing apparatus and method.
  • Additive manufacturing technology is a technology based on a digital model file that uses powder or wire-like metal or plastic and other adhesive materials to form parts by printing layer by layer.
  • the patent No. ZL103878370B discloses a 3D printing device for melt-extruded beam casting and three-dimensional stack molding of wire-shaped raw materials.
  • the solution of the patent is that the wire-shaped raw materials pass through a print head composed of high-temperature-resistant materials and the like.
  • the high-frequency sensor in the print head module heats and melts the metal wire material, so that the metal wire material becomes a liquid or semi-liquid state with a fluidity and is extruded from the print head module.
  • This method uses high-frequency induction heating instead of a laser, which can greatly reduce the cost of the equipment; however, during the forming process, the device cannot control the morphology of the primary phase of the solidified metal structure, and thus cannot liquid or semi-liquid (or semi-solid) metal The flow behavior of the printing material is controlled, which seriously affects the printing uniformity.
  • Patent No. ZL106623840A discloses an alloy semi-solid spinning additive manufacturing device.
  • the solution of the patent is to inject a metal liquid into a pulping device, obtain a semi-solid slurry through chilling and nucleation, and pass a spinning tube.
  • the slurry is stacked layer by layer on a forming platform that moves according to a predetermined program, thereby realizing semi-solid spinning additive preparation.
  • This method uses a ceramic heating ring as a heat source, which greatly reduces equipment costs.
  • the preparation of a semi-solid slurry requires the formation of a large number of uniform nucleation cores, and requires The holding temperature and holding time are precisely controlled to control the growth behavior of the primary particles. It is difficult to prepare a highly viscous semi-solid slurry with controllable flow behavior only through the chilling effect of the smooth region of the spinning tube.
  • Patent No. ZL106925783A discloses a high-efficiency metal 3D printing device and method.
  • the solution of the patent is to directly feed the metal melt, so that the metal melt is continuously ejected and printed in the form of a liquid stream, and at the same time, the cooling medium is used for printing. Quickly cool and complete the printing process by the movement of the print head and the forming substrate.
  • directly changing the metal from a liquid to a solid state will cause a large solidification shrinkage, which will cause the dimensional accuracy of the formed part to be not high, the structure cannot be controlled well, and the formed part will generate a large internal stress.
  • the disclosure provides an additive manufacturing device and method, which can solve the problem that the semi-solid flow behavior cannot be effectively controlled in the related art.
  • An additive manufacturing device includes a screw extrusion mechanism.
  • the screw extrusion mechanism includes a barrel, which is provided with a solid feed port, a solid conveying zone, a melt build-up zone, and a melt metering extrusion zone in order from top to bottom.
  • Dispersion area, storage area and semi-solid discharge port a first screw, located in the barrel, the first screw includes a feed end in communication with the feed port and a discharge end in the dispersion region; and A torque sensor connected to the top of the first screw; and a plurality of heating jackets, each of which is respectively set between the solid conveying zone, the melt build-up zone, the melt metering and extrusion zone, and the dispersion The outside of the cylinder corresponding to the area and the storage area.
  • An additive manufacturing method includes:
  • the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid are characterized by measuring the torque of the stirring process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a screw extrusion mechanism in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding mechanism in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment.
  • Screw extrusion mechanism 2. Feeding mechanism; 3. Feeding mechanism; 4. Closed box; 5. Printing platform; 6. Atmosphere protection mechanism; 7. Purification mechanism;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an additive manufacturing apparatus provided by this embodiment.
  • the additive manufacturing device includes a screw extrusion mechanism 1, a feeding mechanism 2, a feeding mechanism 3, a closed box 4, a printing platform 5, an atmosphere protection mechanism 6, and a purification mechanism 7, wherein: solid powder passes through the feeding mechanism 2 (for example, it can be a feeding hopper) to feed to the conveying mechanism 3, and convey to the screw extrusion mechanism 1 through the conveying mechanism 3.
  • the spiral extrusion mechanism 1 is configured to deposit and shape the metal powder layer by layer.
  • the solid powder is a solid metal powder, and the metal powder in this embodiment is two or more metal powders having different melting points. Referring to FIG.
  • the feeding mechanism 3 includes a twin-screw barrel and two co-rotating second screws 31 arranged in the twin-screw barrel, which can be engaged with each other, and the input ends of the two second screws 31 and the feeding material.
  • the mechanism 2 is in communication, and the output ends of the two second screws 31 are in communication with the feed inlet 111 (as shown in FIG. 2) of the screw extrusion mechanism 1.
  • the co-rotational movement of the meshed two second screws 31 drives the mixed metal powder falling from the feeding mechanism 2 to move forward. At the same time, due to the self-cleaning effect of the two second screws 31, the metal powder is prevented from moving between the two first screws 31.
  • the gap between the two screws 31 and the gap between the second screw 31 and the twin-screw barrel are piled up and stuck, and play a role of feeding the screw extrusion mechanism 1.
  • the outer wall of the twin-screw barrel is provided with a water-cooling jacket 32 to reduce the influence of the thermal field generated by the heating jacket 13 (shown in Figure 2) of the screw extrusion mechanism 1, so that the solid metal powder can be smoothly fed into the screw extrusion. Institution 1.
  • the closed box 4 includes a first closed box 41 and a second closed box 42, the feeding mechanism 2, the feeding mechanism 3, and the screw extrusion mechanism 1 are all located in the first closed box 41, and the printing platform 5 is located in the second In the closed box 42, the closed box 4 provides a closed environment for the metal powder forming process.
  • the output ends of the atmosphere protection mechanism 6 are in communication with the feeding mechanism 2 and the second closed box 42 respectively, and the purification mechanism 7 is in communication with the second closed box 42.
  • the atmosphere of the atmosphere protection mechanism 6 is an inert gas. In one embodiment, the atmosphere of the atmosphere protection mechanism 6 is argon.
  • the atmosphere protection mechanism 6 supplies air to the feeding mechanism 2 and the second closed box 42, and then supplies the feeding mechanism 3 and the screw extrusion mechanism 1.
  • the input high-purity inert gas "squeezes" the air carried in the feeding "The entire additive manufacturing facility is used to avoid the influence of water and oxygen in the air on the molding of metal powder.
  • the first closed box 41 is provided with a first transition bin 43 for replacing the feeding mechanism 2, and the second closed box 42 is provided with a second transition bin 44 for taking out a molded part printed on the printing platform 5.
  • the printing platform 5 is a three-direction (ie, XYZ direction) moving platform, which can perform three-direction movement according to a movement instruction (ie, a printing path) of a control component, and can assist the screw extrusion mechanism 1 to perform layer-by-layer deposition forming of a metal member.
  • the purification mechanism 7 performs a cycle purification process on the gas in the second closed box 42.
  • the cycle purification process includes drying and deaeration processes.
  • the cycle purification process makes the water and oxygen content in the second closed box 42 long-term. Maintained below 1 part per million.
  • a water content monitor and an oxygen content monitor may be provided in the purification mechanism 7 to monitor water and oxygen in the second closed box 42.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a screw extrusion mechanism 1 according to this embodiment.
  • the screw extrusion mechanism 1 includes a barrel 11, a first screw 12, a multi-stage heating jacket 13 and a temperature measuring device 14.
  • the heating method of the heating jacket 13 is resistance heating, and the heating jacket 13 is made of cast copper or ceramic.
  • the manufacturing cost of the additive manufacturing device is greatly reduced; this embodiment uses metal powder with low sphericity requirements, avoiding the use of spherical metal powder with extremely high quality requirements as the molding material, and further reduces the material use cost.
  • the barrel 11 is provided with a solid metal inlet 111, a solid conveying area 112, a melt build-up area 113, a melt metering and extrusion area 114, a dispersion area 115, a storage area 116, and a semi-feeding area from top to bottom.
  • the discharge outlet 117 for the output of the solid metal (ie, the semi-solid metal slurry) and the micro-casting and forging head 118 configured to continuously micro-cast and forge the semi-solid metal.
  • the micro-casting and forging head 118 is slidably sleeved on the outlet.
  • the first screw 12 is located in the barrel 11, the feed end of the first screw 12 is in communication with the feed port 111 and a torque sensor 121 is connected to the top of the first screw 12, and the discharge end of the first screw 12 is located Dispersion zone 115; each section of heating jacket 13 is set on the outside of barrel 11 corresponding to solid conveying zone 112, melt build-up zone 113, melt metering extrusion zone 114, dispersion zone 115 and storage zone 116, In an embodiment, the dispersion zone 115 and the storage zone 116 can share the same heating jacket 13 because the dispersion zone 115 is mainly used to make the semi-solid metal dispersed more uniformly.
  • the main function of the storage zone 116 is to make the dispersion
  • the semi-solid metal can flow out of the barrel 11 more stably.
  • the heating jacket 13 located in the solid conveying zone 112, the melt building and pressing zone 113, and the melt metering and extrusion zone 114 heats solid or semi-solid metal.
  • the heating jacket 13 located outside the dispersion zone 115 and the storage zone 116 can be halved.
  • the heat preservation temperature and heat preservation time of the solid slurry are precisely controlled, so as to effectively control the microstructure and flow behavior of the semi-solid metal, and improve the printing uniformity.
  • the solid metal is heated and insulated by the multi-stage heating jacket 13 so that the solid metal is formed into a semi-solid metal, and the torque sensor 121 is used to characterize the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid metal.
  • the problem of effective control of metal flow behavior is used to characterize the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid metal.
  • the portion of the first screw 12 located in the solid conveying zone 112, the melt build-up zone 113, and the melt metering and extrusion zone 114 is provided with a thread 122, and the portion of the first screw 12 located in the dispersion zone 115 is provided with a pin. 123.
  • the solid metal powder can be gradually formed into a uniform semi-solid metal by the thread 122, and the semi-solid metal can be further homogenized and effectively obtained by the pin 123 portion at the tail end of the first screw 12.
  • the pitch or groove depth of the threads 122 located in the solid conveying region 112 is equal, and the mixed metal powder that is driven from the feeding mechanism 3 into the screw extrusion mechanism 1 by the threads 122 is conveyed downward.
  • the mixed metal powder relies on the heat conduction of the heating jacket 13 to the solid conveying area 112, so that the mixed metal powder gradually absorbs heat to form a coating melt film, and then enters the melt build-up area 113.
  • the pitch or groove depth of the thread 122 located in the melt build-up zone 113 gradually decreases. After entering the melt build-up zone 113, the mixed metal powder coated with the molten film gradually forms a solid-state suspension of high-melting-point solid phase particles.
  • a liquid two-phase metal melt that is, a semi-solid metal.
  • the semi-solid metal is a two-phase metal.
  • the solid-liquid two-phase metal melt is a semi-solid metal slurry used in the additive manufacturing apparatus provided in this embodiment.
  • the slurry is wrapped and transported downward by the rotation of the thread with a gradually decreasing pitch or groove depth of the thread 122. Since the volume between each adjacent thread gradually becomes smaller, the slurry moves along the conveying process.
  • a pressure gradient is generated in the axial direction of the first screw 12 (ie, the pressure is gradually increased), so that the semi-solid metal slurry is conveyed to the melt metering extrusion zone 114 at a preset pressure, and the semi-solid metal is melted during the conveying process.
  • the body performs a helical shear action to homogenize the composition of the semi-solid metal.
  • the pitch or groove depth of the threads 122 in the melt metering and extruding zone 114 is equal, so that the semi-solid slurry with a high solids fraction is uniformly and quantitatively transferred to the dispersion zone 115 through the equal-volume screw grooves, thereby realizing the semi-solid
  • the slurry is more evenly dispersed, and is stably stored through the storage area 116, and finally extruded through the outlet 117.
  • the micro-casting and forging head 118 can perform continuous micro-casting and forging of the semi-solid metal extruded through the discharge port 117, thereby minimizing extrusion while ensuring Z-direction forming accuracy.
  • the micro-casting and forging head 118 performs micro-casting and forging on the semi-solid that has been insulated and extruded from the discharge port 117, so that the semi-solid gas involved in the deposition process is discharged in time.
  • the additive manufacturing device further includes a control component.
  • Each section of the heating jacket 13 is connected to a temperature measuring device 14, the storage area 116 is connected to a pressure sensor 15, and the control component is respectively connected to the heating jacket 13 and the torque sensor 121.
  • the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor 15 are connected, wherein the displacement sensor is configured to monitor and feedback the distance between the micro-cast forging head 118 and the printing platform 5.
  • the four-stage temperature measuring device 14 monitors the temperature of the slurry inside the barrel 11, and the control component feedback adjusts the heat supply of the heating jacket 13 of each stage according to the monitoring result.
  • the torque sensor 121 is configured to monitor the torque of the first screw 12, and the torque value is used to characterize the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid metal melt in the screw extrusion mechanism 1. (Not shown) the rotation speed and the temperature setting of each heating jacket 13 to lengthen or shorten the residence time and heat absorption process of the semi-solid metal melt in the barrel 11, and then control the morphology of the primary phase of the solidified microstructure of the metal and Macroscopic behavior of semi-solid metals.
  • the pressure sensor 15 is set to detect the pressure of the semi-solid metal melt in the storage area 116, and at the same time, the viscosity state and the flow state of the semi-solid metal melt in the screw extrusion mechanism 1 are characterized together with the torque sensor 121, thereby ensuring the semi-solid Capable of stable extrusion.
  • This embodiment also provides a metal additive manufacturing method.
  • the method is implemented by using the above-mentioned additive manufacturing device. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
  • a plurality of solid particles that are uniformly mixed are prefabricated and placed in the feeding mechanism 2 to provide a plurality of solid particles that are uniformly mixed to the feeding mechanism 3;
  • the semi-solid is extruded from the discharge port 117, and the semi-solid is subjected to continuous micro-casting and forging to cause the semi-solid to deform slightly.
  • the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid are characterized according to the torque and pressure during the measurement of the stirring process.
  • This embodiment adopts a semi-solid metal slurry preparation process, making use of the special structure composition and fluid properties of the semi-solid slurry to make the molded article uniform in structure, reduce tissue defects and internal stress, improve the mechanical properties of the molded article, and significantly improve the printed article.
  • the semi-solid slurry has a small shrinkage during deposition and solidification, and high molding accuracy, which can achieve near-net-shape molding.
  • the above-mentioned heating and stirring of a plurality of solid particles with different melting points includes:
  • the solid is heated and conveyed, and the conductive heat of the barrel 11 and the frictional heat of the solid during the conveying process cause the surface of the solid particles to gradually form a coating melt film between the spiral grooves of the threads 122, and gradually gradually Forming a semi-solid, heating and transporting the solid particles corresponds to the role of the solid transport zone 112.
  • the solid metal formed with the coating melt film is heated, maintained and transported under pressure, so that the pressure of the solid metal provided with the coating melt film gradually increases, and the target solid phase with uniform suspension is formed by continuous stirring.
  • the fractional particles of the semi-solid metal, heating, heat preservation, and pressure build-up of the solid metal formed with the coating melt film correspond to the role of the melt build pressure zone 113.
  • the semi-solid metal with uniformly suspended target solid phase fraction particles is temperature-controlled and quantitatively transported, and the semi-solid is further homogenized with continuous stirring.
  • the temperature-controlled and quantitative transport corresponds to the role of the melt metering extrusion zone 114.
  • Insulation and storage of the semi-solid metal that is further homogenized.
  • the insulation and storage corresponds to the functions of the dispersion zone 115 and the storage zone 116.
  • the micro-cast forging head 118 continuously micro-casts the semi-solid metal extruded through the discharge port 117. Forging causes micro-deformation of the semi-solid metal, and deposits and forms layers by layers.
  • the layer-by-layer deposition molding corresponds to the role of the printing platform 5.
  • This method heats and stirs the solid metal to form the solid metal into a uniform semi-solid metal, and uses the torque generated during the stirring to measure the viscosity state and flow state of the semi-solid metal, thereby solving the problem that the semi-solid state cannot be used in the related technology.
  • the problem of effective control of metal flow behavior is a problem of effective control of metal flow behavior.
  • the shaped part is subjected to a homogenization heat treatment to obtain a shaped part with a target component and a structure, and at the same time, further improve the mechanical properties of the product, and finally complete the processing of the entire part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de fabrication additive, comprenant un mécanisme d'extrusion à spirale (1), celui-ci comprenant : un cylindre à matériau (11) comportant successivement, de haut en bas, un orifice d'alimentation en solide (111), une zone de transport de solide (112), une zone d'établissement de pression de matière fondue (113), une zone de dosage et d'extrusion de matière fondue (114), une zone de dispersion (115), une zone de stockage (116) et un orifice de refoulement de semi-solide (117) ; une première tige filetée (12) située à l'intérieur du cylindre à matériau ; un capteur de couple (121) relié à la première tige filetée ; et de multiples sections d'un manchon chauffant (13) étant gainées d'un côté extérieur du cylindre à matériau. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de fabrication additive, l'état de viscosité et l'état d'écoulement d'un semi-solide étant caractérisés par la mesure du couple du semi-solide pendant l'agitation. Selon le dispositif et le procédé de fabrication additive, le comportement d'écoulement d'un métal semi-solide peut être maîtrisé efficacement.
PCT/CN2019/076411 2018-07-16 2019-02-28 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive WO2020015361A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN201810775937.4 2018-07-16
CN201810775937.4A CN108788157A (zh) 2018-07-16 2018-07-16 一种增材制造装置及方法

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CN113832365A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2021-12-24 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 一种适用于汽车轻量化半固态铝合金材料的制备方法

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CN109878084B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2020-06-19 西安交通大学 一种复合石墨烯预热与摩擦生热沉积的3d打印头结构
CN111907059B (zh) * 2019-05-08 2022-05-31 高雄科技大学 积层成形系统
CN110026557B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2021-08-27 南方科技大学 一种混合固体颗粒重熔的直写装置及成型方法

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