WO2020013274A1

WO2020013274A1 - Cooling agent, cooling pack, freight, transportation equipment, transportation method, and cooling method

Info

Publication number: WO2020013274A1
Application number: PCT/JP2019/027492
Authority: WO
Inventors: 下田　一喜; 裕人下田
Original assignee: 下田　一喜; 株式会社エイディーディー
Priority date: 2018-07-11
Filing date: 2019-07-11
Publication date: 2020-01-16
Also published as: JP7219905B2; JP2020007499A

Abstract

This cooling agent contains water and a salt that is CaCl₂ or MgCl₂, the concentration of the salt exceeding 15%.

Description

Cooling agent, cooler, cargo, transportation equipment, transportation method and cooling method

(4) The present disclosure relates to a cooling agent, a cooling device, cargo and transportation equipment, a transportation method, and a cooling method.

冷 There is known a cooling agent (cooling agent, ice pack) used for transporting food and the like while keeping it cold (for example, Patent Document 1). It should be noted that, conventionally, the term refrigerant may refer to not only the refrigerant, but also the entirety including the container enclosing the refrigerant, but in the present disclosure, the refrigerant refers to the refrigerant itself. The entirety of the cooling agent and the container enclosing the cooling agent is referred to as a cooling device.

において In a commercially available cooling device, the cooling agent is formed by adding various additives to water. Examples of additives include preservatives, freezing point depressants, thickeners, antifreezes, and colorants. For example, the cooler is frozen in a freezer by a freezer, and is packaged together with a cold-holding object (for example, food). The temperature of the freezer is generally set at -20 ° C to 10 ° C, and the temperature of the refrigerating agent is set at -20 ° C to -10 ° C at the start of use.

Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigerating agent for keeping cold in an extremely low temperature range of −65 ° C. or less. Patent Literature 1 states that “cooling agents in a low temperature range include aqueous magnesium chloride solution and aqueous calcium chloride solution, but they cannot be used as a cooling agent capable of maintaining the temperature of a material to be cooled at −60 ° C. or lower” (paragraph). 0030).

JP-A-2017-128622

For example, depending on the type of the object to be cooled, there is a case where it is desired to extend the time for keeping the temperature of the object to be cooled lower than the temperature of the above-mentioned general freezer (for example, -25 ° C or lower). In addition, for example, the cold insulator preferably complies with laws and regulations related to hygiene or safety. Therefore, a new refrigerating agent is desired from such a viewpoint.

A refrigerant according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes water and a salt that is CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ , and the concentration of the salt is more than 15%.

In one example, the salt is CaCl ₂ and the concentration of CaCl ₂ is more than 15% and 30% or less.

In one example, the salt is MgCl ₂ and the concentration of MgCl ₂ is 35% or more.

において In one example, the temperature is −25 ° C. or less.

冷 A cool device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes the above cool agent and a sealed container in which the cool agent is sealed.

貨物 A cargo according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described cooler, a cold-holding object, and a storage container that houses both the cooler and the cold-holding object.

輸送 A transport device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described cooler, an object to be cooled, and a storage container that stores the cooler and the object to be cooled.

A transportation method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of storing the above-described cooler and the object to be cooled together in a storage container, and transferring the storage container that stores both the cooler and the object to be cooled. And

In one example, the temperature of the cooler is −100 ° C. or less in the housing step.

冷 The cool keeping method according to an aspect of the present disclosure has a step of accommodating both the cool keeping tool and the object to be kept cool in the containing container.

According to the above configuration or procedure, for example, the time for keeping the object to be kept cool at a relatively low temperature (for example, -25 ° C. or lower) can be lengthened.

Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram for explaining an outline of an operation of a cold storage agent concerning an embodiment of this indication. 2 (a), 2 (b) and 2 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results regarding the effect of CaCl ₂ concentration on cooling. FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c) are other views showing experimental results on the effect of CaCl ₂ concentration on cooling. Shows a -25 ° C. time following temperature is maintained for each concentration of CaCl _2. 5 (a), 5 (b) and 5 (c) show the results of a cold-holding experiment using CaCl ₂ . 6 (a), 6 (b) and 6 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results on the effect of MgCl ₂ concentration on cooling. 7 (a), 7 (b) and 7 (c) are other views showing experimental results regarding the effect of the concentration of MgCl ₂ on cool keeping. Shows a -25 ° C. time following temperature is maintained for each concentration of MgCl _2. 9 (a), 9 (b) and 9 (c) show the results of a cold-holding experiment using MgCl ₂ . FIGS. 10 (a), 10 (b) and 10 (c) are schematic diagrams for explaining an application example of a cooling agent.

(Summary of refrigerant)
The cooling agent according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes water and salt. The salt mentioned here is a salt in chemistry, that is, a compound in which an anion derived from an acid (anion) and a cation derived from a base (cation) are ionically bonded. In the present embodiment, the salt added to the cooling agent is calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) or magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ). The quality (grade) of CaCl ₂ and MgCl ₂ does not matter. As these salts, those for various uses such as general use, industrial use, and food addition may be used, and it does not matter whether they are primary or special grade.

Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram for explaining an outline of an operation of a cold storage agent concerning an embodiment. In this figure, the horizontal axis indicates time t (h: hour). The vertical axis indicates the temperature T (° C.). Lines Ln0 to Ln2 show the relationship between the passage of time and the temperature of the cooling agent. Line Ln0 corresponds to water as a comparative example. The line Ln1 corresponds to a cooling agent containing CaCl ₂ (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “cooling agent (CaCl ₂ )”). The line Ln2 corresponds to a cooling agent containing MgCl ₂ (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “cooling agent (MgCl ₂ )”).

More specifically, the lines Ln0 to Ln2 show the relationship between the passage of time and the temperature of the refrigerant when the frozen refrigerant is placed at room temperature. Of the lines Ln0 to Ln2, the portion rising to the right on the left side of the dotted frame Fm1 indicates that the temperature of the solid (ice-like) refrigerant is increasing over time. In the horizontal portion surrounded by the frame Fm1 of the lines Ln0 to Ln2, the refrigerant changes from a solid state to a liquid state (liquid state), and as a result, the temperature change of the refrigerant over time stops. Is shown. Of the lines Ln0 to Ln2, the portion that rises to the right on the right side of the frame Fm1 indicates that the temperature of the liquid refrigerant increases with time.

During the transition of the refrigerant from solid to liquid, the temperature of the refrigerant is maintained at the freezing point. As a result, the temperature of the object to be cooled is also maintained near the freezing point of the cooling agent. Then, by adding CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ to water, the freezing point can be lowered (for example, to −55 ° C. or more and −25 ° C. or less) as indicated by the arrow. In other words, the temperature at which latent heat is used for keeping cold can be reduced. As a result, the time for maintaining the temperature of the object to be kept cool at a relatively low temperature (for example, −25 ° C. or less) can be extended.

In addition, the cooling agent of the embodiment has a larger amount of heat that can be absorbed during the cooling process at −25 ° C. or lower than water. An example of the calculation is shown below.

For example, for each of water, the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ), and the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ), the specific heat in a solid state is 2.1 kJ / (kg · K), and the specific heat in a liquid state is 4.2 kJ / ( kg · K) and the latent heat per unit mass is assumed to be 334 kJ / kg. It is also assumed that the freezing point of water is 0 ° C., the freezing point of the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) is −45 ° C., and the freezing point of the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) is −30 ° C. In this case, the amount of heat per unit mass absorbed by the cooling agent from -120 ° C to -25 ° C is as follows.

Water remains solid below −25 ° C. Therefore, the calorific value is the product of the specific heat of a solid and the temperature change, and is as follows.
2.1 x (-25-(-120)) = 199.5 (kJ / kg)

The cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) transitions from a solid to a liquid on the way. Therefore, the calorific value is the sum of three products of the product of the specific heat and the temperature change for a solid, the latent heat, and the product of the specific heat and the temperature change for a liquid, and is as follows.
2.1 × (−45 − (− 120)) + 334 + 4.2 × (−25 − (− 45))
= 575.5 (kJ / kg)

In the case of the cold insulator (MgCl ₂ ), as in the case of the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ), the calorific value is the product of the specific heat and the temperature change in the solid, the latent heat, and the heat of the specific heat and the temperature change in the liquid. The sum of the three products, as follows:
2.1 × (−30 − (− 120)) + 334 + 4.2 × (−25 − (− 30))
= 544 (kJ / kg)

The cooling agent may be obtained by adding only a salt (here, CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ ) to water. However, other additives may be added as long as the effect described with reference to FIG. 1 is not significantly impaired. For example, other additives that are less than 10% by mass or less than 5% by mass based on the total mass of the cooling agent may be added. The water may contain impurities such as tap water in addition to pure water (H ₂ O). Impurities may be evaluated in the same manner as the other additives described above.

The cold insulator may be one obtained by adding both CaCl ₂ and MgCl _{2 to} water. In this case, the example of the salt concentration described below applies to only one of CaCl ₂ and MgCl ₂ , and the other may be evaluated in the same manner as the other additives described above. However, the concentration of the salt described later may be applied to the concentration of CaCl ₂ and MgCl ₂ as a whole.

Unless otherwise specified, the cooling agent described in various experiments described below is obtained by adding CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ (only one of them) to tap water, and additives other than CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ are (intentionally added). Not added).

(Example of CaCl ₂ concentration)
In the following, an experimental result of a temperature change of the refrigerant with different CaCl ₂ concentrations is shown, and an example of a CaCl ₂ concentration range is presented.

Incidentally, when included for completeness, the concentration of CaCl ₂ is the ratio of CaCl ₂ mass relative to the total mass of the wet ice (mass%). For example, if the cold agent consists only of water and CaCl _2, the concentration of CaCl ₂ is CaCl ₂ mass / (water mass + CaCl ₂ mass) × 100 (%). The same applies to the concentration of MgCl ₂ described later.

In the experiment, 1500 g of the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) was sufficiently cooled in an atmosphere of −120 ° C., and the cooling agent was accommodated in a container (a foam case commercially available for general household use). Then, the container was placed at room temperature, and the temperature change in the container was examined. Such an experiment was performed for a plurality of cases in which the concentrations of CaCl ₂ were different from each other.

2 (a) to 3 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results. These figures show the relationship between the passage of time (horizontal axis) and the temperature change (vertical axis), as in FIG. 2 (a) to 3 (c) correspond to experimental results in which the concentrations of CaCl ₂ are different from each other. The correspondence between each figure and the density is as follows. 2 (a): 5.0%, FIG. 2 (b): 10.0%, FIG. 2 (c): 15.0%, FIG. 3 (a): 20.0%, FIG. 3 (b): 25.0%, FIG. 3 (c): 30.0%.

温度 In each figure, the temperature marked on each graduation line of elapsed time t (h) = 2, 4, 6, and 8 indicates the temperature at each of these elapsed times. In these figures, an auxiliary line is drawn at a position of −25 ° C., and a point at which the temperature exceeds −25 ° C. is indicated by an arrow, and the elapsed time at that time is shown.

において In each figure, the temperature change described with reference to FIG. 1 can be confirmed. That is, the temperature first rises, then stagnates near the freezing point of the refrigerant (-49 ° C. to −45 ° C.), and then rises again. Before the start of the measurement (t = 0), the coolant is sufficiently cooled in an atmosphere of -120 ° C, and should be approximately -120 ° C. However, since the temperature in the container immediately before the start of measurement is room temperature, the temperature first drops near t = 0, and the minimum value is higher than -120 ° C.

As can be understood from the comparison of FIG. 2A to FIG. 3C, even when the concentration of CaCl ₂ is increased, there is no large difference in the temperature of the freezing point. Therefore, it can be seen that the CaCl ₂ concentration may be relatively low (for example, about 5%) if only the freezing point is lowered.

Also, basically, by increasing the concentration of CaCl ₂ , the time during which the temperature near the freezing point is maintained is lengthened. As a result, the time during which the temperature is maintained at −25 ° C. or lower is also long. However, when the concentration is 30.0%, the time for which the temperature is maintained at -25 ° C. or lower is shorter than when the concentration is 25.0%. That is, the effect of increasing the retention time at −25 ° C. or less by increasing the concentration has leveled off.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the time during which the temperature of −25 ° C. or less shown in FIGS. 2A to 3C is maintained for each CaCl ₂ concentration. The horizontal axis indicates the concentration C (%). The vertical axis indicates the time t ₋₂₅ (h) when the temperature exceeds −25 ° C. in FIGS. 2A to 3C.

As shown in the figure, when the concentration changes from 15% to 20%, the time t ₋₂₅ (h) becomes relatively long. Specifically, when the concentration is 5% or more and 15% or less, the time t- ₂₅ is 4 hours or more and less than 5 hours, whereas when the concentration is 20% or more, the time t- ₂₅ is 8 hours or more. Also, as described above, when the concentration becomes 30.0%, the effect of prolonging the time t- ₂₅ is reduced.

From the above experimental results, examples of the lower limit of the CaCl ₂ concentration include 15%, 18%, and 20%. By increasing the concentration to more than 15% (eg, 15.1% or more, 15.5% or more or 16% or more), 18% or more or 20% or more, for example, the time t ₋₂₅ is prolonged by adding CaCl ₂ . Can be sufficiently obtained.

An example of the upper limit of the concentration of CaCl ₂ is 30%. By setting the concentration to 30% or less, for example, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage that the cost is increased by adding a large amount of CaCl ₂ although the effect of prolonging the time t- ₂₅ is not obtained. Can be.

From the combination of the lower limit and the upper limit of the concentration described above, examples of the range of the concentration of CaCl ₂ include more than 15% and 30% or less, 18% or more and 30% or less, or 20% or more and 30% or less. Within this range, while suppressing the cost of CaCl _2, it is possible to obtain a sufficient effect of prolonged time t _-25.

Examples of the range in which the concentration range is narrowed include 23% or more and 27% or less, 24% or more and 26% or less, or 24.5% or more and 25.5% or less. In this experiment, the time t- ₂₅ is the longest when the concentration is 25%. Therefore, by setting the concentration in the range around 25% as described above, for example, the time t- ₂₅ can be made as long as possible.

Further, from a viewpoint different from the above, examples of the concentration range include more than 15% to 25%, 18% to 22%, or 19% to 21%. As described above, when the concentration is between 15% and 20%, the time t- ₂₅ is significantly increased. Therefore, by setting the concentration to about 20% as described above, for example, the effect of prolonging the time t ₋₂₅ with respect to the increase in the cost of CaCl ₂ can be efficiently obtained.

(Cooling experiment (CaCl ₂ ))
Conducted experiments to cold objects by wet ice (CaCl ₂₎ is assumed actual situation that is cold, wet ice (CaCl ₂₎ was confirmed to be practical for the following cold -25 ° C.. The details are as follows.

A cooling agent was prepared by enclosing a cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) in a 260 ml PET bottle. The concentration of CaCl ₂ was 34%. The cooler was sufficiently cooled in an atmosphere of -120 ° C, and the four coolers were housed together with the object to be cooled in a container (a foam case commercially available for general household use). The object to be kept cool was ice cream. The container was placed in an environment where the temperature periodically changed between approximately -14 ° C and -23 ° C. This corresponds to, for example, a situation in which the container is loaded on a refrigerator car or a freezer car, and each time it arrives at a plurality of destinations, the door of the carrier is opened and the temperature inside the carrier rises. Then, the temperature of the cooling object side of the cooling object and the temperature of the cooling object opposite to the cooling device were measured.

FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results. These figures show the relationship between the passage of time (horizontal axis) and the temperature change (vertical axis), as in FIG. FIG. 5A shows a change in the temperature of the environment in which the container is placed. FIG. 5B shows a change in temperature on the side of the cooler among the objects to be kept cool. FIG. 5C shows a change in the temperature of the object to be cooled, which is opposite to the side of the cooling device. 5 (b) and 5 (c), as in FIGS. 2 (a) to 3 (c), the temperature at the elapsed time is indicated on the scale line of the elapsed time. In addition, among the temperatures described, two before and one after the time when the temperature exceeds −25 ° C. are circled.

As shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, the mode of the temperature change of the object to be kept cool is substantially the same as the mode of the temperature change shown in FIGS. 2A to 3C. It has become. That is, the temperature of the object to be kept cool first rises, then maintains a constant temperature near the freezing point of the coolant, and then rises again. However, the influence of the temperature of the environment in which the container is placed appears more significantly on the side opposite to the refrigerant than on the side of the refrigerant. For example, the temperature on the side opposite to the cold insulator changes in a waveform corresponding to the waveform of the environmental temperature change. In addition, the temperature on the opposite side of the refrigerant is maintained at a temperature slightly higher than the freezing point of the refrigerant while utilizing the latent heat of the refrigerant.

実験 In this experiment, the temperature of -25 ° C. or lower was maintained for more than 20 hours on the opposite side of the cold storage object among the cold storage objects. From this result, it was confirmed that, for example, the object to be kept cool could be kept at -25 ° C. or lower over a sufficiently long transfer time.

(Example of MgCl ₂ concentration)
In the following, an experimental result of a temperature change of the cooling agent having a different MgCl ₂ concentration is shown, and an example of a range of the MgCl ₂ concentration is presented. Experiments content, but substituting CaCl ₂ to MgCl ₂ is similar to the experiment described in CaCl _2.

FIGS. 6 (a) to 7 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results, and are the same as FIGS. 2 (a) to 3 (c). The relationship between each figure and the concentration of MgCl ₂ is as follows. 6 (a): 10.0%, FIG. 6 (b): 15.0%, FIG. 6 (c): 20.0%, FIG. 7 (a): 25.0%, FIG. 7 (b): 30.0%, FIG. 7 (c): 35.0%.

Also in these figures, the temperature change described with reference to FIG. 1 can be confirmed. That is, after the temperature first rises, the temperature stagnates around the freezing point of the refrigerant (−33 ° C. to −30 ° C.), and then rises again. Since the freezing point of the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) is higher than the freezing point of the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ), the temperature when the latent heat is used for cooling is close to the −25 ° C. line.

As can be understood from the comparison of FIGS. 6A to 7C, even when the concentration of MgCl ₂ is increased, there is no large difference in the temperature of the freezing point. Therefore, it is understood that the concentration of MgCl ₂ may be relatively low (for example, about 10%) if only the freezing point is lowered.

In addition, basically, by increasing the concentration of MgCl ₂ , the time during which the temperature near the freezing point is maintained becomes longer. As a result, the time during which the temperature is maintained at −25 ° C. or lower is also long. Further, in the present experiment, unlike the case of CaCl _2, no concentration was confirmed at which the effect of prolonging the time of −25 ° C. or less for the increase in concentration reached a plateau.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the time during which the temperature of −25 ° C. or less is maintained for each MgCl ₂ concentration shown in FIGS. 6A to 7C, and is similar to FIG. .

As shown in this figure, when the concentration of MgCl ₂ is 15%, approximately 6 hours can be secured as time t ₋₂₅ , and when it is further 20%, approximately 8 hours can be secured as time t _−25. ing. Further, when the concentration becomes 25%, the time t- ₂₅ exceeds 8 hours, and the increase in the time t- _{25 with} the increase in the concentration slightly slows down.

From the above experimental results, examples of the lower limit of the concentration of MgCl ₂ include 15%, 20%, and 25%. By increasing the concentration to more than 15% (for example, 15.1% or more, 15.5% or more or 16% or more), 20% or more or 25% or more, for example, the time t ₋₂₅ is prolonged by adding MgCl ₂ . Can be sufficiently obtained.

An example of the upper limit of the concentration of MgCl ₂ is 40% or 35%. By setting the concentration to 40% or less or 35% or less, for example, an increase in cost due to addition of a large amount of MgCl ₂ can be suppressed.

From the combination of the lower limit and the upper limit of the concentration described above, examples of the range of the CaCl ₂ concentration include more than 15% and 40% or less, 25% or more and 40% or less, or 25% or more and 35% or less. Within this range, it is possible to sufficiently obtain the effect of prolonging the time t ₋₂₅ while suppressing the cost of MgCl ₂ .

Further, as an example of the lower limit of the concentration range, 30% or 35%, which is larger than the above lower limit, can also be mentioned. As described above, in this experiment, it was not confirmed that the effect of prolonging the time period t ₋₂₅ reached a plateau with respect to the increase in the concentration of MgCl ₂ . Therefore, by setting the concentration to 30% or more or 35% or more, for example, the time t- ₂₅ can be made as long as possible.

(Cooling experiment (MgCl ₂ ))
An experiment similar to the experiment described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5C was also performed on the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ). The concentration of MgCl ₂ was 30%.

FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (c) are diagrams showing experimental results, and are the same as FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c). As a precautionary measure, FIG. 9A shows a change in the temperature of the environment in which the container is placed. FIG. 9 (b) shows a change in temperature on the side of the cooler among the objects to be kept cool. FIG. 9C shows a change in the temperature of the object to be cooled, which is opposite to the side of the cooling device.

9A to 9C, the mode of the temperature change of the object to be kept cool is substantially the same as the mode of the temperature change shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C. However, since the freezing point of the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) is higher than the freezing point of the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ), the temperature when the latent heat is used is close to the line of −25 ° C.

実験 In this experiment, the temperature of -25 ° C. or lower was maintained for more than 24 hours on the opposite side of the cooling object among the cooling objects. From this result, it was confirmed that, for example, the object to be kept cool could be kept at -25 ° C. or lower over a sufficiently long transfer time.

(Comparison of CaCl ₂ and MgCl ₂ )
From the comparison between the experimental results of the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ) (FIGS. 2 (a) to 5 (c)) and the experimental results of the cold insulator (MgCl ₂ ) (FIGS. 6 (a) to 9 (c)) It can be seen that either one of them may be selected according to the specific use of the cold storage.

For example, when the concentration of CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ is set to 25% or more, the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) becomes longer at −25 ° C. or less. Further, when the concentration is increased, the effect of prolonging the time of −25 ° C. or less is flattened for the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ), but the time of −25 ° C. or less is further lengthened for the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ). . Therefore, in the case where the first object is to maintain the temperature of −25 ° C. or less for a long period of time, the concentration of MgCl ₂ is relatively high (for example, 25% or more, 30% or more, or 35% or more). ) May be used.

However, depending on the packing material, even when the first purpose is to maintain a temperature of −25 ° C. or less for a long period of time, a cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ) may be used. The reason is as follows. The reason why the time for maintaining the temperature of −25 ° C. or lower in the cold insulator (MgCl ₂ ) is longer than that in the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ) is as follows, for example. When the temperature (freezing point) during which latent heat is used for keeping cool is lowered, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the container increases. As a result, external heat is easily transmitted to the inside through the container. As a result, the latent heat loss of the cooling agent increases. Further, since the cold insulator (MgCl ₂ ) has a higher freezing point than the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ), the loss is reduced, and the time for maintaining the temperature of −25 ° C. or less becomes longer. On the other hand, the amount of heat (theoretical value) per unit mass up to -25 ° C. is larger for the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ) than for the cold insulator (MgCl ₂ ), as understood from the above-described trial calculation. Therefore, when the heat insulating property of the packing material is high, the time during which the temperature of −25 ° C. or less is maintained can be extended by using the cold insulator (CaCl ₂ ).

Further, for example, the freezing point of the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) is about −45 ° C., whereas the freezing point of the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) is about −30 ° C. Therefore, when it is desired to extend the cooling time at a lower temperature (eg, −35 ° C. or lower or −40 ° C. or lower), a cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) may be used.

(Application example of cold storage agent)
Hereinafter, application examples of the cold insulator according to the present embodiment will be described. Specifically, a cooling device, a cargo, a transportation device, a transportation method, and a cooling method using a cooling agent will be described.

FIG. 10A is a perspective view showing an example of the cold insulator 3 using the cold insulator 1. Note that a part of the cooler 3 is shown broken.

The cooling device 3 includes a cooling agent 1 and an enclosure 5 in which the cooling agent 1 is sealed. The cooling agent 1 is the cooling agent (CaCl ₂ ) or the cooling agent (MgCl ₂ ) according to the present embodiment. The cooler 3 may be of a type that is used repeatedly, or may be of a disposable type. In addition, gas (for example, air) may be enclosed in the enclosure 5 together with the cooling agent 1.

大き The size, shape and material of the enclosing container 5 may be appropriately set. For example, as the encapsulation container 5, an encapsulation container of various well-known cooling devices may be used. Specifically, for example, the enclosing container 5 may be a bag-shaped material made of a flexible material (resin or the like) or made of a non-flexible material (resin or the like). A hard type container (illustrated example) may be used. Further, for example, the enclosing container 5 may not have an inlet (the cooling agent 1 cannot be taken out without breaking the enclosing container 5), or may be closed by a cap as shown in the illustrated example. It may have a filled inlet. In addition, for example, the shape of the enclosing container 5 may be a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape (an example shown), or may have a unique shape according to the application. In addition, for example, the volume (maximum volume in the case of flexibility) of the enclosure 5 may be 10 ml or more and 1 liter or less.

FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cargo 11 using the cooling agent 1.

The cargo 11 has, for example, one or more objects to be cooled 13, one or more pieces of cooling equipment 3, and a box 15 accommodating them. The box 15 is an example of a storage container.

冷 As an object to be kept cool, for example, food can be mentioned. Foods include, for example, frozen foods, frozen confectionery, fresh confectionery, dairy products and fresh foods. Frozen food is food that has been frozen for the purpose of long-term storage, and includes non-heated food, heated food, food before cooking, food after cooking, and the like before freezing. Examples of the frozen confectionery include ice cream. Examples of the raw confectionery include cake. Dairy products include, for example, yogurt. Examples of fresh foods include fresh fish (fish and shellfish), meat (meat), and fruits and vegetables. FIG. 10B exemplifies the ice cream in a cup as the object 13 to be kept cool.

冷 In addition, as the object to be kept cool, in addition to foods and beverages, for example, organs for transplantation and vaccines (containers in which organs for transplantation or vaccines are enclosed) can be mentioned. Although the term cold storage is generally used for food products, as understood from the above examples, in the present disclosure, the cold storage target is not limited to food products.

大き The size, shape and material of the box 15 may be appropriately set, and for example, various known boxes may be applied. A typical example is a relatively small box (for example, 1 m or less × 1 m or less × 1 m or less) made of styrene foam or cardboard, and a cooler box (ice box) in which a plastic case is combined with a heat insulating material. Is mentioned. The material of the box 15 may be a material having relatively high heat insulating properties or a material having low heat insulating properties.

(4) The positions of the cold storage object 13 and the cold storage tool 3 in the box 15 may be appropriately set. For example, the cool insulator 3 may be located laterally with respect to the cold insulator 13 (the example shown), may be located above, or may be located below. , May be arranged in a combination of two or more of these. Note that, depending on the type of the cold storage object 13, its packaging, and / or the configuration of the box 15, the cold storage agent 3 is not stored in the box 15, but the cold storage agent 1 is directly (without being sealed in the sealing container 5). ) It is also possible to house it in a box 15.

FIG. 10C is a side view showing an example of the transport equipment 21 using the cooling agent 1.

The transport equipment 21 includes, for example, one or more cargoes 11 and one or more containers 23 that accommodate the cargos 11. Note that the container 23 is also an example of a storage container, like the box 15.

Examples of the transportation device 21 include an automobile (an example shown), an aircraft, a train, a ship, and a motorcycle. FIG. 10 (c) illustrates a cooler car or a freezer car having the provided container 23.

配置 The arrangement of the cargo 11 in the container 23 may be appropriately set. Further, instead of storing the cargo 11 in the container 23, the object 13 and the cooler 3 may be directly stored in the container 23 (not in the box 15). Note that, depending on the type of the cooling object 13, its packaging, and / or the configuration of the container 23, the cooling agent 1 can be directly stored in the container 23 (without being sealed in the sealing container 5).

Here, the box 15 and its contents are described as the cargo 11. In other words, a relatively small cargo that can be carried by one person or a small number of people (by human power) is exemplified as the cargo. However, the cargo may be larger than such a size. For example, in FIG. 10 (c), the container 23 is provided on a car. However, the container 23 may be unloaded on a container ship, a truck, and / or a train. It may be caught.

FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) also show a transportation method and a cooling method according to the embodiment. The transportation method includes a step of cooling the cooler 3 (FIG. 10A), a step of storing both the cooler 3 and the object 13 in the box 15 (FIG. 10B), Transferring the box 15 accommodating the cold storage object 13 (FIG. 10C). Further, the method for keeping cool has a step of cooling the cooler 3 (FIG. 10A) and a step of housing both the cooler 3 and the object 13 to be kept cool in the box 15 (FIG. 10B). ing. In the cool keeping method, it is possible to simply keep cool without transporting.

The cooler 3 is, for example, when the cooling of the cooler 3 is completed, or when the cooler 3 is started to be used (for example, when the cooler 3 is packed together with the cooling object 13) or immediately before (for example, within 10 minutes after the start of use). -25 ° C or less. More specifically, for example, the temperature of the cooler 3 is −35 ° C. or less (in other words, a temperature lower than the freezing point of the cooler (MgCl ₂ )), or −50 ° C. or less (in other words, the cooler (CaCl ₂ )). , Below -60 ° C, below -100 ° C or below -120 ° C.

When the cooler 3 is cooled to a very low temperature, such as -100 ° C or lower or -120 ° C or lower, for example, the sensible heat when the cooler 1 is solid can be increased. As a result, it is possible to prolong the cooling time at −25 ° C. or less.

To cool the cooler 3 to −100 ° C. or lower, for example, “Ultra-Low Temperature Chiller—Cold Wave” manufactured by ADD Corporation may be used. This ultra-low temperature chiller can cool a supplied gas (for example, air, Freon gas, liquid nitrogen or argon gas) to a temperature of about −130 ° C. by using a multi-stage evaporator and a mixed refrigerant. Then, for example, by supplying the gas cooled by the chiller around the cooler 3, the cooler 3 (coolant 1) can be cooled to −100 ° C. or less.

Confirmatively stated, a chiller includes the concept of a freezer. Further, although not particularly shown, for example, the chiller includes, as basic components, a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a condenser that cools the compressed refrigerant, an expansion valve that reduces the pressure of the cooled refrigerant, and a pressure that increases the pressure. An evaporator for cooling a cooling object (coolant or a gas supplied around the coolant) with the lowered refrigerant is provided in a ring shape in this order of enumeration. The chiller may be installed, for example, at a place where the object to be cooled is produced or wholesaled, or installed at each sales office of a company responsible for home delivery.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the cooling agent includes water and a salt that is CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ , and the concentration of the salt is more than 15%. Therefore, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 1 and the like, the time at −25 ° C. or less can be lengthened. Furthermore, CaCl ₂ or MgCl ₂ is not regulated or hardly regulated in light of domestic and foreign standards and / or laws and regulations related to transportation. Therefore, the application range of the refrigerant according to the present embodiment is wide. In addition, domestic laws relating to transportation include, for example, the Food Sanitation Law, the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law, the Occupational Safety and Health Law, and the Chemical Substance Management Promotion Law.

1: Cold insulator, 3: Cooler, 5: Enclosed container, 11: Cargo, 13: Cold insulator, 21: Transport equipment.

Claims

water and,
A salt which is CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 ;
Including
A refrigerating agent having a salt concentration of more than 15%.
The salt is CaCl 2 ,
Cooler agent according to claim 1 the concentration of CaCl 2 is less than 15% 30%.
The salt is MgCl 2 ,
Cooler agent according to claim 1 the concentration of MgCl 2 is 35% or more.
The cooling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature is -25 ° C or lower.
A cooling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
An enclosure in which the cooling agent is enclosed,
Cooler having.
A cooler according to claim 5,
The object to be kept cool
An accommodation container accommodating both the cold insulator and the object to be cooled,
Have freight.
A cooler according to claim 5,
The object to be kept cool
An accommodation container accommodating both the cold insulator and the object to be cooled,
Having transport equipment.
A step of accommodating both the cool keeping device and the cool keeping object according to claim 5 in a containing container,
Transferring the storage container that stores both the cooling tool and the cooling target,
Having a transport method.
The transportation method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the cooler is -100 ° C or lower in the housing step.
A cold insulation method, comprising: accommodating both the cool keeping device and the cold keeping object according to claim 5 in a containing container.