CN110268209B

CN110268209B - Logistics system and logistics method

Info

Publication number: CN110268209B
Application number: CN201880010400.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 香村胜一; 黄辉心; 势造恭平; 内海夕香
Original assignee: Sharp Corp
Current assignee: Sharp Corp
Priority date: 2017-02-06
Filing date: 2018-02-06
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-06
Also published as: JP7015254B2; US20190390921A1; CN110268209A; JPWO2018143468A1; WO2018143468A1

Abstract

Provided are a logistics system and a logistics method capable of prolonging a cooling function by making at least a latent heat storage material dormant during logistics. The logistics system is a logistics system in which articles having a temperature range that should be maintained are bundled in a logistics bale container and handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics system comprising: and a cooling device that controls the temperature outside the physical distribution packaging container to be within a temperature range in which the temperature of the article is to be maintained, at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the physical distribution packaging container to a temperature range in which a temperature range in a resting period and a temperature range in which the article is to be maintained overlap.

Description

Logistics system and logistics method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a cold insulation device, a physical distribution bale container, a physical distribution system, and a physical distribution method using a latent heat storage material.

Background

In order to prevent deterioration in freshness and quality of foods, medicines, electronic components, and the like when they are transported, a logistics system and services that are managed at a constant temperature from a sender to a receiver support a current rich life.

In the above-described constant-temperature distribution system, generally, the transported material is packed in a heat-insulating box for suppressing inflow and outflow of the ambient temperature and the heat of the transported material, and when the temperature difference between the prepared material and the ambient temperature is large and the outflow and inflow of the heat are large, it is necessary to bind and transport the heat-storing material (cold-storage material) for absorbing or releasing the heat together.

In the current constant-temperature distribution system, direct transportation from a sender to a receiver is rarely performed, and there are few reasons for adjusting, checking, and reclassifying objects via an intermediary site. Temperature management is also required at intermediate sites, and the heat-storage medium is temporarily stored in an apparatus having an electric heat-and cold-keeping function such as a freezer-refrigerator. Further, even when a long time is required for the transportation period from the sender to the intermediate site, the transportation is performed by a vehicle having an electric heat-and-cold-keeping function.

However, in the conventional logistics system, the temperature range to be maintained by the transported object is considered to be the temperature of the heat storage material for heat release and heat absorption and the temperature to be maintained at the intermediate data point during the transportation period, but is not considered to be the temperature at the intermediate data point during the heat storage material and the transportation period.

Therefore, during the transport period and at the intermediate site, the heat storage material unnecessarily dissipates or absorbs heat, which results in a waste of energy, and therefore, it is necessary to increase the amount of the cold storage material and replace the cold storage material at the intermediate site, which causes a problem of cost reduction.

In patent document 1, there is disclosed a method for shortening the time required for cold storage in a cold storage including a cold storage main body for storing articles and a cold storage for cooling the inside of the cold storage, in which a regenerator can freely put in and take out a regenerator material made of a fluid having a regenerator function, and a regenerator replacing device is provided on each transport base.

Patent document 2 discloses a technique of storing a cold storage material and a product to be cooled in a cold storage box, precooling (not freezing) a first cold storage body at a positive temperature, and disposing a heat insulating material and the first cold storage material between a frozen second cold storage body and the product to be cooled, as a method of delivering the product to be cooled while maintaining the product to be cooled at a cold storage temperature constituted by a positive temperature required at the time of cold storage delivery without using a cold storage vehicle.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2001-66028

Patent document 2: japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2005-300052

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

However, in the technique described in patent document 1, since the cold storage material needs to be replaced at each site, and the cold storage material cannot be transported without passing through the site having the cold storage material replacement device, the transport route is significantly limited. Further, since the coolant is a fluid coolant, the stored thermal energy is sensible heat, and the amount of energy is extremely small. Therefore, it must be replaced at each site.

In addition, in the technique described in patent document 2, since the cold storage body whose melting temperature is lower than that of the material to be kept cold is used, even if the material passes through a warehouse to be kept cold, for example, the temperature in the warehouse must be higher than the melting temperature of the cold storage body, and since the cold storage body promotes melting, only a large number of cold storage bodies are mounted in order to be distributed over a long period of time. Therefore, the volume of the heat-insulating product to be distributed is small compared to the volume of the packaging container.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a cold insulation device capable of prolonging a cooling function by making at least a latent heat storage material dormant during distribution.

Technical solution for solving technical problem

In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention adopts the following means. That is, the logistics system according to an aspect of the present invention is a logistics system in which articles having a temperature range to be maintained are packed in a logistics packing container and are handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics system including: a cooling device that controls a temperature outside the physical distribution packaging container within a temperature range to be maintained for the article, at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled, the cooling device being configured to cool the physical distribution packaging container to a temperature range in which a temperature range in a resting period and a temperature range to be maintained for the article overlap, the physical distribution packaging container comprising: a logistics bale container body; a cold insulation device selected according to a temperature range to be maintained for the packed articles; a cooling device holding unit that is provided inside the physical distribution bale container main body and holds the cooling device; and an article storage unit that is provided inside the physical distribution packaging container main body and stores the article, the cooling device including: a latent heat storage material having supercooling properties and having a temperature range which is a sleep period between a solidification temperature at which a phase changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase and a melting start temperature at which the phase changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase; and a storage unit that stores the latent heat storage material, wherein the latent heat storage material is selected so that a main melting temperature is included in a temperature range to be maintained of the article, and the temperature range at least in the sleep period overlaps with the temperature range to be maintained of the article, in accordance with the temperature range to be maintained of the article.

Advantageous effects

According to an aspect of the present invention, in a time zone where the temperature is not controlled, the cooling target object can be cooled in the vicinity of the main melting temperature by the latent heat of the latent heat storage material. In addition, when the lower limit of the temperature of the object to be kept cold is to be kept lower than the solidification temperature, the latent heat storage material can be changed from the liquid phase to a fixed phase and regenerated by cooling the controlled temperature at a temperature lower than the solidification temperature and higher than the lower limit in the time zone of the controlled temperature. In this case, the latent heat storage material may be made to be at least in a sleep state and the cooling function may be extended by setting the controlled temperature to a temperature in a range in which the temperature range of the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the cooling target overlap each other in the time zone of the controlled temperature.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a cold insulation device according to a first embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a DSC curve and a method of acquiring a melting start temperature and a main melting temperature.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the logistics bale container according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a state of use of the heat insulating device and the physical distribution packaging container according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a latent heat storage material used in the logistics system according to the first embodiment and a temperature range when the temperature is controlled by the cooling device with respect to a temperature range to be maintained for an article.

Fig. 5B is a conceptual diagram illustrating the latent heat storage material used in the logistics system according to the first embodiment and the temperature range when the temperature is controlled by the cooling device with respect to the temperature range to be maintained for the articles.

Fig. 5C is a conceptual diagram showing a temperature range of a distribution system using a conventional heat storage material.

Fig. 6A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the cooling equipment according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 6B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the cooling equipment according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 6C is a conceptual diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the cooling equipment according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a table showing the experimental time tables and the ambient temperatures corresponding to example 1, example 2, and comparative example.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing changes in the surface temperature of each cooling equipment in the experiments corresponding to example 1, example 2, and comparative example 1.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the logistics bale container according to example 2.

Fig. 10 shows a table of an example of a latent heat storage material having a temperature range of a resting period and an example of an article assumed to be transported using the latent heat storage material.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing changes in temperature of the refrigerated products of example 4 and comparative example 2.

Detailed Description

The definitions of terms in this application are explained below. Unless otherwise specified, are explained by the following definitions.

(1) The solidification temperature is a temperature at which the latent heat storage material in a liquid state starts to generate crystal nuclei while being maintained at a certain temperature. In the present invention, at least 50ml of the latent heat storage material was placed in a thermal storage container (including a refrigerator, a freezer, and a programmable thermostatic bath) in a state where the material was placed in a polyethylene bottle, and the temperature of the thermal storage container was lowered, and the value was measured by a thermocouple. The supercooling phenomenon is known to depend on the volume, but in the experiments of the present inventors, it was confirmed that if the volume is 50ml or more, the influence of the volume is small.

(2) The melting start temperature is a temperature obtained by extrapolating a temperature from the onset of an endothermic peak to a baseline in a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve obtained by DSC. Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a DSC curve and a method of acquiring a melting start temperature and a main melting temperature. When the latent heat storage material in the solid phase state is at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting start temperature, the latent heat storage material starts to melt.

(3) The main melting temperature is the temperature of the endothermic peak in a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve obtained by DSC. When the latent heat storage material in the solid phase state is at a temperature equal to or higher than the main melting temperature, the phase of the latent heat storage material is changed to a liquid phase, and the latent heat storage material is maintained at a temperature near the main melting temperature.

(4) The temperature range as the rest period (temperature range of the rest period) is a temperature range between the solidification temperature and the melting start temperature of the latent heat storage material.

(5) The temperature range during the regeneration period is a temperature range of the latent heat storage material at or below the solidification temperature.

(6) The dormancy of the latent heat storage material means that the latent heat storage material is kept in a solid phase state when the latent heat storage material is in a solid phase by placing the latent heat storage material in a temperature range in the dormancy stage. In addition, when the latent heat storage material is in a liquid phase, the latent heat storage material remains in the liquid phase. In addition, although the latent heat storage material in the solid phase and the liquid phase coexists, that is, the latent heat storage material in the solid phase is exposed to a temperature environment higher than the melting temperature for a short time, and a part of the latent heat storage material in the melted state is placed in the temperature range of the rest period, the latent heat storage material is substantially maintained in the original state, but depending on conditions, for example, in the case of being placed at a temperature of the rest period close to the solidification temperature, the solid phase particles function as crystal nuclei, and the liquid phase portion may be phase-changed to the solid phase. In contrast, in the latent heat storage material which is not held in the resting period, the coexistence state of the solid phase and the liquid phase is a phase transition state, and even if placed in a temperature environment equal to the phase transition temperature, melting of the solid phase is promoted from the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase.

(7) The latent heat storage material is regenerated by bringing the latent heat storage material to a temperature equal to or lower than the solidification temperature to change the phase from a liquid phase to a solid phase. Further, when the liquid phase portion becomes a solid phase in the temperature range of the rest period, it is also called regeneration.

The present inventors have found that, when temperature regulation of an object to be cooled is performed by a cooling device having a latent heat storage material, the latent heat storage material has supercooling properties, and the latent heat storage material having a temperature range as a sleep period between a solidification temperature at which a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase starts and a melting start temperature at which the phase change from the solid phase to the liquid phase starts is used, and that at least the latent heat storage material can be made to sleep by controlling the temperature within the temperature range of the sleep period, and have accomplished the present invention.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention can prolong the cooling function by making at least the latent heat storage material dormant in the logistics process. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[ first embodiment ]

[ constitution of Cold insulation implement ]

A cooling device according to an aspect of the present invention is a cooling device used for a logistics packaging container and used for adjusting a temperature of an object to be cooled, the cooling device having supercooling properties, and including a latent heat storage material and a storage unit for storing the latent heat storage material, the latent heat storage material having a temperature range that is a sleep period between a solidification temperature at which a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase starts and a melting start temperature at which the phase change from the solid phase to the liquid phase starts. Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a cooling apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the cooling equipment 100 according to the present embodiment includes a housing 120, the housing 120 is a hollow region inside the cooling equipment main body 110, and the housing 120 includes a heat storage layer 130.

The cooler main body 110 has a hollow housing section 120 for housing the heat storage layer 130. The cooling device body 110 may be made of a resin material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, or polyamide, a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or silver, an inorganic material such as glass, ceramics, or ceramics. From the viewpoint of ease of manufacturing the hollow structure and durability, a resin material is preferable. It is preferable that the temperature of the cooling equipment can be determined when the sealing portion of the temperature indicating material indicating the temperature is attached to the cooling equipment main body 110.

The heat storage layer 130 has supercooling property, and includes a latent heat storage material 150, and the latent heat storage material 150 has a temperature range as a sleep period between a freezing temperature at which a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase starts and a melting start temperature at which the phase change from the solid phase to the liquid phase starts. The material of the latent heat storage material 150 is preferably a material containing at least water molecules, and thus supercooling property is likely to occur, and a sleep period is likely to occur. Specifically, a quasi-clathrate hydrate of an alkyl quaternary salt having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium nitrate, tetrabutylammonium benzoate, tributylpentylammonium bromide, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, a clathrate hydrate of an organic compound having a molecular weight of 200 or less such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, acetone, a clathrate hydrate of an organic compound having a molecular weight of 200 or less such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, an inorganic salt solution such as sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of use in logistics, it is preferable to use the latent heat storage material 150, which is a quasi-clathrate hydrate of a quaternary alkyl salt having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is low in toxicity and non-flammable, an inorganic salt aqueous solution, or an inorganic salt hydrate, in terms of safety and hygiene. In particular, an aqueous solution of a quasi-clathrate hydrate having an alkyl quaternary salt as a guest is preferable in that supercooling property is easily caused, toxicity is low, and noncombustibility is exhibited. In addition, the latent heat storage material may be an aqueous solution of a quasi-clathrate hydrate having an alkyl quaternary salt as a guest, to which an inorganic salt such as potassium chloride, potassium bromide, cesium bromide, or potassium nitrate is further added. An aqueous solution of a quasi-clathrate hydrate containing an alkyl quaternary salt as an object and a latent heat storage material containing an inorganic salt added to the aqueous solution are preferable because the latent heat storage material having a melting temperature of mainly a temperature range higher than 0 ℃, particularly a freezing temperature range (more than 0 ℃ and 10 ℃ or less), a temperature range suitable for storing vegetables (more than 0 ℃ and 15 ℃ or less, particularly around 0 ℃ such as leafy vegetables) is frozen for a long time, the vegetable and fruit products accompanied by discoloration and damage are easily realized at 2 ℃ or more and 15 ℃ or less, and the type of the alkyl quaternary salt and the concentration of the aqueous solution can be easily adjusted. Further, a latent heat storage material having a melting start temperature of 5 ℃ or higher and a main melting temperature of less than 10 ℃ is preferably used because it can be put to a standstill in a temperature range (more than 0 ℃ and 5 ℃ or lower) of a general refrigerator and can cope with the cold storage and transportation of both of a refrigerated product and a vegetable and fruit product.

In order to adjust the temperature range in the sleep period, a supercooling inhibitor may be added to the material forming the heat storage layer 130. The supercooling inhibitor is preferably one that rapidly decreases in solubility at a specific temperature equal to or higher than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 in the heat storage layer 130 to precipitate crystals and promote nucleation of the latent heat storage material 150. Further, a supercooling inhibitor having low toxicity is preferable in terms of safety and hygiene. From such a viewpoint, salts of latent heat storage materials soluble in potassium alum, ammonium alum, sodium carbonate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate at room temperature are exemplified. The supercooling inhibitor may be a powder that promotes nucleation of the latent heat storage material and is hardly soluble or insoluble in the latent heat storage material. From this viewpoint, activated carbon, alumina, titanium oxide, silver iodide, and sodium tetraborate may be mentioned. Further, it is preferable to add a preservative or an antibacterial agent to the material forming the heat storage layer 130. Further, a thickener such as xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, or the like may be added to the material forming the heat storage layer 130. The material of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary materials.

The latent heat storage material 150 is selected according to the temperature range to be maintained, which is determined for each cooling target. In this case, the latent heat storage material 150 is selected such that the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 is included in the temperature range in which the cooling target object should be maintained, and at least the temperature range of the latent heat storage material 150 in the sleep period and the temperature range in which the cooling target object should be maintained overlap. By selecting in this way, in a time zone where the temperature is not controlled, the cooling target object can be cooled in the vicinity of the main melting temperature by the latent heat of the latent heat storage material 150. In the time zone of the control temperature, the temperature to be controlled is set to a temperature in the overlapping range of the temperature range of the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the object to be cooled, whereby at least the latent heat storage material 150 can be made to sleep and the cooling function can be extended.

Further preferably, when the temperature range to be maintained is selected for each cooling target object, the latent heat storage material 150 is selected such that the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 is included in the temperature range to be maintained of the cooling target object and the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 is higher than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the cooling target object. By selecting in this way, in the time zone of the control temperature, the latent heat storage material 150 can be phase-changed from the liquid phase to the solid phase and regenerated by setting the control temperature to a temperature in a range in which the temperature range of the regeneration period and the temperature range to be maintained of the cooling target overlap. In this case, since the temperature range in the sleep period is included in the temperature range to be maintained for the cooling target, the latent heat storage material 150 can be made to sleep by setting the controlled temperature to the temperature in the temperature range in the sleep period in the time zone in which the temperature is controlled. This makes it possible to extend the cooling function both when the latent heat storage material 150 is regenerated and when it is dormant.

Preferably, the latent heat storage material 150 used in the cold insulation device 100 has a temperature range of 1 ℃ or more in the resting period. By using such a latent heat storage material 150, in the temperature-controlled time zone, the temperature to be controlled by allowing the latent heat storage material 150 to sleep can be flexibly set within the temperature range of the sleep period.

[ Container for packaging physical distribution ]

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the logistics bale container 200 according to the present embodiment. The logistics bale container 200 includes: the physical distribution bale container body 210; a cold insulation device holding unit 220 that holds a cold insulation device provided in the physical distribution bale container body 210; a cooling device 100 selected according to a temperature range to be maintained for the packed articles; the article storage unit 230 stores articles provided inside the physical distribution packaging container body 210.

The physical distribution packaging container main body 210 is composed of a housing portion 240 and a lid portion 250. The storage unit 240 has an opening for receiving and releasing the article and the cooling equipment 100, and the lid 250 closes the opening. The receiving portion 240 and the lid portion 250 may be connected or separated. In order to reduce the heat input and output from the inside of the physical distribution bale container 200, the lid portion 250 is preferably in close contact with the receiving portion 240.

Preferably, the physical distribution bale container main body 210 is formed of heat insulating material such as foamed styrene, foamed polyurethane, vacuum heat insulating material, or the like. The inner and outer sides of the main body may be formed of a material without considering heat insulation, and a heat insulation layer may be formed of a material having heat insulation. Further, the physical distribution package container body 210 may be a size that can be carried by a person, and a large container such as a container (container) may have a function as the physical distribution package container body 210. The physical distribution packaging container may be a container provided with a cooling device such as a refrigerated container. The refrigerated container can accommodate a large amount of goods and can function as a refrigerator during the period when power is supplied during transportation. Therefore, it is preferably used for an entrance or an exit where long time is required for article transportation. The conventional refrigerated container has problems that it is difficult to maintain the temperature of the goods during a period of no power supply such as a customs inspection, and the freshness and quality of the goods are deteriorated. However, when a refrigerated container is used as the physical distribution packaging container according to the aspect of the present invention, the cooling equipment according to the aspect of the present invention and the articles are stored in the refrigerated container by the shipper, and the cooling equipment according to the aspect of the present invention becomes a sleep time when the power is supplied, and the latent heat storage material of the cooling equipment moves during the period when the power is not supplied, so that the temperature of the articles can be maintained in the temperature range to be maintained. Therefore, for example, when departing from the temperature range in which red wine, chocolate, fruit, and the like should be maintained, it is possible to set a flexible transport route over articles whose freshness and deterioration in quality are significant at the entrance and exit for a long time.

The heat insulating device holder 220 is provided inside the physical distribution bale container body 210. The logistics bale container 200 is used by placing the heat retaining unit 220 with the heat retaining unit 100. Thereby, the inside of the physical distribution bale container body 210 is maintained at a temperature corresponding to the temperature keeping device 100. The cooling equipment holder 220 may be configured to fix the cooling equipment 100. Further, the heat insulating device 100 may be built in the physical distribution bale container body 210, and the heat insulating device 100 itself may be the physical distribution bale container 200.

The heat preservation device 100 used for the logistics bale container 200 is selected according to the temperature range to be maintained for the baled goods. The cold keeping device 100 may be configured to selectively use the latent heat storage material 150, the latent heat storage material 150 used in the cold keeping device 100 has a main melting temperature included in a temperature range to be maintained for the article, and the latent heat storage material 150 has a range in which at least a temperature range of the sleep period and a temperature range to be maintained for the article overlap. By selecting in this way, in a time zone where the temperature is not controlled during the logistics, the article can be kept cold in the vicinity of the main melting temperature by the latent heat of the latent heat storage material 150. In addition, in the time zone of the control temperature, by setting the control temperature to a temperature within the temperature range of the sleep period and the temperature within the temperature range overlapping range to be maintained for the object to be refrigerated, at least the latent heat storage material 150 can be made to sleep and the cooling function can be extended.

Further, the cold insulation apparatus 100 is preferably selected as the cold insulation apparatus 100 using the latent heat storage material 150, the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 used by the cold insulation apparatus 100 is included in the temperature range to be maintained of the article, and the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 is higher than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the article. By selecting in this way, in the time zone in which the temperature is controlled during the distribution, the controlled temperature can be set to a temperature in a range in which the temperature range in the regeneration period and the temperature range to be maintained for the cooling target overlap, and the latent heat storage material 150 can be phase-changed from the liquid phase to the solid phase and can be regenerated. In this case, since the temperature range of the sleep period includes the temperature range to be maintained in the article, the controlled temperature can be set to the temperature within the temperature range of the sleep period in the time zone in which the temperature is controlled, and the latent heat storage material 150 can be made to sleep. This makes it possible to extend the cooling function both when the latent heat storage material 150 is regenerated and when it is dormant.

When the heat retention device 100 selects the configuration of the latent heat storage material 150 having such a temperature range, it is preferable that the control temperature (set temperature) such as the refrigerating temperature or the freezing temperature which is normally set in a general cooling device (a refrigerator car, a cold storage (freezer) warehouse, a refrigerator shed, a refrigerated container, or the like) used for logistics is included in a range in which the temperature range in the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained for the article overlap, or the temperature range in the regeneration period and the temperature range to be maintained for the article overlap. Although not limited to this selection, in this selection, logistics using the logistics bale container 200 can be performed in logistics using a general cooling device of a set temperature, and the conveyance route can be flexibly set.

When selecting the cooling equipment 100, if selecting a configuration in which the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 used in the cooling equipment 100 is lower than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained for the article, the cooling equipment 100 is placed with a heat insulating material provided between the article and the cooling equipment 100 so that the article does not directly contact the cooling equipment 100 or the temperature of the article storage portion 230 is not lower than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained for the article. In this case, the latent heat storage material 150 is regenerated at the solidification temperature or lower during the distribution, but the latent heat storage material 150 may be regenerated when it is made dormant as described in the definition of dormancy of the latent heat storage material.

The article storage unit 230 is provided inside the physical distribution packaging container body 210, and can store an article whose temperature range to be maintained is determined. Thereby, the article is maintained at a temperature within the temperature range to be maintained. Fig. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a usage state of the heat insulating device 100 and the physical distribution packaging container 200 according to the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the heat insulating device 100 and the physical distribution package container 200 according to the present embodiment are used in a state where the articles and the heat insulating device 100 are packed in the physical distribution package container 200.

[ constitution of Logistics System ]

The logistics system according to the present embodiment is a logistics system in which both an article whose temperature range to be maintained is determined and a heat retaining device 100 are packed in a logistics package container 200 and handed over from a sender to a receiver by a sender, and the logistics system includes a cooling device that controls the temperature outside the logistics package container 200 to be within the temperature range to be maintained for the article at least at one end before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled, and that cools the logistics package container 200 to be within an overlapping range of the temperature range for the latent heat storage material 150 used in the heat retaining device 100 during a sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained for the article.

Fig. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the latent heat storage material 150 used in the logistics system according to the present embodiment and the temperature range when the temperature is controlled by the cooling device with respect to the temperature range to be maintained for the articles. As shown in fig. 5A, in the logistics system according to the present embodiment, the temperature range in which the temperature is controlled by the cooling device is the overlapping range of the temperature range of the latent heat storage material 150 used in the cold insulation device 100 of the logistics packaging container 200 during the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained for the article. By controlling the temperature within such a temperature range, at least the latent heat storage material 150 can be made dormant, and the cooling function can be extended. In the time and number of times of controlling the temperature by the cooling device, only a part of the time and number may be controlled within the repetition range. Even in this case, when the temperature is controlled in the repetition range, at least the latent heat storage material 150 can be made to sleep, and the cooling function can be extended. In addition, the cooling device may be a refrigerator (freezing) car, a refrigerator (freezing) warehouse, a refrigerator (freezing) locker, a refrigerated container, or the like. The cooling device may be any device provided with cooling, and may be a latent heat storage material having a main melting temperature lower than that of the latent heat storage material 150.

In the logistics system according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the logistics bale container 200 be cooled by the cooling device to a temperature lower than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than the lower limit of the temperature range in which the temperature of the article is to be maintained, so that the latent heat storage material 150 is changed from the liquid phase to the solid phase.

Fig. 5B is a conceptual diagram illustrating the latent heat storage material 150 used in the logistics system according to the present embodiment and the temperature range when the temperature is controlled by the cooling device with respect to the temperature range to be maintained for the articles. Fig. 5B shows a case where the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 is selected so as to be included in the temperature range to be maintained of the article, and the freezing temperature is higher than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the article. In the case shown in fig. 5B, the temperature range in which the temperature is controlled by the cooling device may be higher than the lower limit of the temperature range in which the article should be kept and lower than the melting start temperature of the latent heat storage material 150. By controlling the temperature within such a temperature range, the latent heat storage material 150 can be made dormant or regenerated, and the cooling function can be prolonged. In addition, when the temperature is controlled to be lower than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 and higher than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the product (the temperature in the range in which the temperature range in the regeneration period and the temperature range to be maintained of the article overlap) in this temperature range, the latent heat storage material 150 can be reliably regenerated. In this case, only a part of the time and the number of times of controlling the temperature by the cooling device may be controlled in the above-described control temperature range.

Fig. 5C is a conceptual diagram showing a temperature range of a distribution system using a conventional heat storage material. As shown in fig. 5C, in the logistics system using the conventional heat storage material, although the temperature range in which the heat storage material can be maintained and the control temperature at the intermediate data point with respect to the temperature range to be maintained of the article are taken into consideration, the relationship between the heat storage material and the control temperature at the intermediate data point is not taken into consideration.

[ method for producing Cold insulation implement ]

Next, a method of manufacturing the cooling equipment 100 according to the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 6A to 6C are conceptual views illustrating a manufacturing process of the cooling equipment 100 according to the present embodiment. First, as shown in fig. 6A, a cooling equipment main body 110 having a hollow region is prepared. Preferably, the heat retention device body 110 is provided with an injection port 170 into which the latent heat storage material 150 can be injected. Next, the latent heat storage material 150 is injected. The injection method is not limited, but a cylinder pump, single pump injection method is preferably used. Fig. 6B shows an example using a cylinder pump. As shown in fig. 6B, a filling hose of the cylinder pump is provided at the inlet 170 of the cooling device body 110, and a water absorbing hose is provided in a container containing the latent heat storage material 150. Next, the latent heat storage material 150 is sucked by lowering the piston of the cylinder pump, and after the latent heat storage material is filled in the piston, the latent heat storage material 150 is injected into the cooler main body 110 by raising the piston.

Thereby, as shown in fig. 6C, the plug 190 is formed at the inlet 170 of the cooling equipment main body 110. As a method of forming the plug 190, there are a method of sealing by a conventional method such as ultrasonic welding or thermal welding, and a method of forming a plug which is a screw plug and can be opened and closed by hand. In the case of sealing by ultrasonic welding, thermal welding, or the like, a material that does not leak, such as the latent heat storage material 150, is preferable.

Finally, the cold insulation device 100 is left standing in an environment at a temperature equal to or lower than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150, and the latent heat storage material 150 is solidified. Through such steps, the cooling equipment 100 of the present embodiment is manufactured. As described herein, the latent heat storage material 150 may be solidified before the heat retaining device 100 is placed in the material flow bale container 200, but when the material flow bale container 200 may be placed in a temperature environment equal to or lower than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material 150 in the initial stage of the material flow process, the latent heat storage material 150 in the heat retaining device 100 may be solidified in this stage. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[ latent heat storage Material and assumed article example ]

Fig. 10 shows a table of an example of a latent heat storage material having a temperature range of a resting period and an example of an article assumed to be transported by a cold insulation device, a physical distribution bale container, and a physical distribution system using the latent heat storage material. Examples of suitable articles are selected from latent heat storage materials having various temperature ranges of freezing temperature and resting period, such as the examples shown in the table, but various articles can be directly maintained at a temperature within the temperature range in which they should be maintained, and can be transported without replacing the latent heat storage material during distribution. On the other hand, as in comparative example 1, the latent heat storage material having no temperature range of the resting period stores latent heat only by freezing and utilizes latent heat by melting. However, since the latent heat storage materials a to K regenerate (store latent heat) at or below the freezing temperature, sleep (maintain latent heat) in the range from the freezing temperature to the melting start temperature, and melt (use latent heat) at a temperature higher than the melting start temperature, a flexible logistics system can be designed.

[ example 1]

Example 1 is an example of the cold insulation device according to the first embodiment. First, a blow molded container (material: polyethylene, outer shape: 180 × 280 × 29mm/t) (cooling equipment main body) shown in fig. 6A was prepared. Next, 800g of the latent heat storage material was injected into the blow-molded container using a liquid filling machine equipped with a cylinder pump as shown in fig. 6B. The latent heat storage material was a 38 wt% aqueous solution of tetrabutylammonium bromide, to which sodium carbonate and 2.5 wt% of a hydrogen phosphate salt were added as supercooling inhibitors, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred. Thus, an ultrasonic welder was used to cap the injection port and seal by welding. Finally, the latent heat storage material is left in a refrigerator at a temperature of about 3 ℃ for 4 hours or more to solidify the latent heat storage material to form a heat storage layer. When the solidification temperature, the melting start temperature, and the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material were evaluated by differential scanning heat measurement (using an apparatus: DSC8213 manufactured by Rigaku, measurement temperature range: -30 to 30 ℃, cooling rate: -5 ℃/min, heating rate: 5 ℃/min), the solidification temperature was 5 ℃, the melting start temperature was 10 ℃, and the main melting temperature was 12 ℃. In this way, the cold insulation device of example 1 having the latent heat storage material in the temperature range of the resting period as the heat storage layer was manufactured.

Comparative example 2

As comparative example 2, a blow-molded container similar to that of example 1 was filled with 800g of water in the same amount as that of example 1, and a sealed refrigerator was prepared. The product was allowed to solidify in a freezer at about-18 ℃ as comparative example 2. When the solidification temperature, the melting start temperature, and the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, the solidification temperature was-10 ℃, the melting start temperature was-1 ℃, and the main melting temperature was 0 ℃.

From the sender to the receiver, experiments were performed assuming that vegetables and fruits whose temperatures to be maintained exceed 0 ℃ and 15 ℃ or lower were stored in the physical distribution packaging container shown in fig. 3 on the schedule and the ambient temperature shown in fig. 7, and the ambient temperature was changed. Fig. 8 shows the temperature history of the cooling equipment of example 1 and comparative example 2 at this time.

[ evaluation and confirmation of Effect of example 1 and comparative example 2]

As shown in fig. 8, in example 1, the temperature slowly increased as the ambient temperature increased to 25 ℃ or more after 11 hours from the start of measurement. After that, it was confirmed that the temperature did not rapidly rise and was maintained at about 12 ℃ for a long time. Further, the temperature of the latent heat storage material was kept at 8 ℃ following the ambient temperature for a period of 4 hours to 11 hours from the start of the measurement. When the latent heat storage material was taken out during this period and the solidified state was visually confirmed, it was confirmed that the latent heat storage material was hardly melted. This is considered to be because the latent heat storage material of example 1 had a solidification temperature of about 5 ℃, a melting start temperature of about 10 ℃ and a main melting temperature of about 12 ℃. That is, since the temperature range in the resting period is 5 to 10 ℃, the ambient temperature does not melt during 8 ℃, and it is considered that the latent heat storage material is in a resting state. This confirmed that the cooling function could be extended.

Accordingly, the temperature of the cold insulation device of comparative example 2 rapidly increased 17 hours and thereafter, and became ambient temperature of 25 ℃ 20 hours and thereafter. This is because the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material made of water is around 0 ℃, and even in a refrigerated warehouse or a refrigerated vehicle, since the ambient temperature is equal to or higher than the main melting temperature, melting proceeds gradually, latent heat is used up in around 17 hours, and the temperature rises. That is, since the temperature range to be maintained is deviated in a short time, it is difficult to maintain freshness and quality for a long time.

That is, in the case of using water as the latent heat storage material, as in the above experiment, even if the articles and the latent heat storage material are kept cold in a refrigerated warehouse or the like during the distribution, since the melting start temperature is lower than the temperature of the refrigerated warehouse (for example, 3 to 10 ℃), there is a problem that the latent heat storage material needs to be appropriately replaced, and the transportation is delayed due to the replacement. In contrast, in the cooling device and the logistics system using the cooling device of example 1, such a problem is solved, and the shipper only needs to set the device when the articles are first bundled and packaged. In addition, when the latent heat storage material having such a temperature range of the resting period of example 1 is used, since the apparatus for regenerating (freezing) the latent heat storage material is also only at the refrigerating temperature of 0 ℃ or more, energy of the entire logistics system can be saved.

When water is used as the latent heat storage material, since the temperature range of the resting period is from-10 to-1 ℃ (the value of the above experiment can be adjusted by adding a supercooling inhibitor or the like), when an article having a range where the temperature range to be maintained of the article overlaps the range of from-10 to-1 ℃ is transported, as shown in example 1, the latent heat storage material can be rested or regenerated by using a freezer or the like maintained in the temperature overlapping range during the distribution process. However, as shown in comparative example 2, in the case of conveying an article in a range in which a temperature range in which a sleep period does not overlap with a temperature range in which an article is to be held, a period in which the temperature range to be controlled/held is higher than the main melting temperature exists between the sender and the receiver, and there is no sleep or regeneration period, and therefore, melting is performed, and the cooling period cannot be extended. That is, even in the latent heat storage material having the temperature range of the resting period, it is necessary to select the latent heat storage material so that the main melting temperature is included in the temperature range of the article to be maintained according to the temperature range of the article to be maintained, and that at least the temperature range of the resting period and the temperature range of the article to be maintained overlap.

[ example 2]

Example 2 is an example of the cold insulation device according to the first embodiment. In example 2, two heat insulating devices each having a heat storage layer having the same structure as in example 1 were manufactured in the same manner as in example 1. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the logistics bale container of this embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, the same experiment as in example 1 and comparative example 2 was performed using a configuration in which a cooling device was placed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the article storage portion of the physical distribution packaging container. Fig. 8 shows a temperature history of the cooling equipment at this time.

[ evaluation and confirmation of Effect of example 2]

As shown in fig. 8, example 2 shows almost the same temperature change in the cooling equipment of the upper surface and the lower surface. Therefore, it is considered that the same applies to the temperature change of the article and the article storage portion. Although the temperature change was shown as in example 1 up to the middle, the temperature increases of the upper surface and the lower surface after 11 hours in example 2 were smaller than those in example 1 than those after 11 hours in example 1. From this, it was found that, when the amount of the latent heat storage material was increased, the time during which the temperature could be maintained was increased.

[ example 3]

Example 3 is an example of the logistics system according to the first embodiment. Example 3 assumes that an electronic commerce person as a shipper transports a vegetable and fruit to be held at a temperature range of 15 ℃ exceeding 0 ℃ as an article to a logistics system of a consignee's home via a refrigerated container of 3 to 10 ℃ as a cooling device. For example, consider a commercial transaction in which a consignee takes a packaged item from a refrigerated container equipped at a station on the way of a commute. First, the electronic commerce company stores the cooling equipment and the vegetables and fruits of example 1 in a physical distribution packaging container shown in fig. 3. Next, the transportation staff transported the physical distribution bale container for 4 hours by a refrigerated truck at 5 ℃ and housed in a refrigerated container. After 5 hours of storage in the refrigerated container, the receiver opens the refrigerated container and carries the physical distribution packaging container to the home at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hours. In addition, the receiver plays the role of a carrier in this case. When the logistics packaging container is opened at home, the vegetables and fruits keep fresh, and the latent heat storage material of the cold insulation device is in a state of coexisting melting and solidification, but not in a completely melted state. On the other hand, when the cooling equipment of the comparative example was used, it was confirmed that the freshness of the vegetables and fruits was deteriorated and the latent heat storage material of the cooling equipment was completely melted. That is, in the logistics system according to the aspect of the present invention, since the temperature ranges controlled during transportation of the refrigerated vehicle and during storage of the refrigerated container overlap with the temperature ranges of the latent heat storage material during the sleep period and the regeneration period, transportation can be performed for a long time.

[ example 4]

Example 4 is an example of the cold insulation device according to the first embodiment. Example 4 two cold-storage devices were prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that an aqueous solution containing 37 wt% of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 8 wt% of potassium nitrate as a latent heat storage material was used. When the solidification temperature, the melting start temperature, and the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, the solidification temperature was-12 ℃, the melting start temperature was 6 ℃, and the main melting temperature was 7 ℃. The prepared refrigerator is frozen in a freezer at-18 ℃ and then stored in a freezer at 3 to 5 ℃, and the temperature of the refrigerator is set to 3 to 5 ℃.

After the refrigerator is kept cold for 12 hours in a refrigerated warehouse at an ambient temperature of 5 ℃ from the consignee to the consignee, the dairy products as the refrigerated products whose temperature to be maintained exceeds 0 ℃ and 10 ℃ or less and the leafy vegetables as the fruit and vegetable foods whose temperature range to be maintained exceeds 0 ℃ and 15 ℃ or less, and preferably 2 ℃ or more and 15 ℃ or less are mixed and loaded at the schedule and the ambient temperature of distribution under the air of 30 ℃ and also 24 hours, the refrigerator of example 4 and comparative example 2 is housed in a logistics packaging container shown in fig. 9, and a transportation experiment is performed. Fig. 11 shows the temperature history of the refrigerated products of example 4 and comparative example 2 at this time. In fig. 11, the vertical axis of the graph represents temperature, and the horizontal axis of the graph represents measurement time. The bold line of the graph represents the temperature history of the refrigerated product within the logistics bale container of example 4. The dotted and broken line of the graph represents the temperature history of the refrigerated product in the logistics bale container of comparative example 2. The dashed line of the graph represents the ambient temperature.

[ evaluation and confirmation of Effect of example 4 and comparative example 2]

As shown in fig. 11, in example 4, the ambient temperature was approached to 5 ℃ 3 hours after the start of measurement, and was maintained at 5 ℃ 12 hours after the start of measurement. After that, the temperature was raised to around 7 ℃ which is the main melting temperature of the latent heat storage material of example 4, and then, after 36 hours, the temperature was gradually raised to 10.0 ℃, and the object to be cooled was allowed to cool for 36 hours in a temperature range to be maintained, that is, in a range exceeding 0 ℃ and not more than 10 ℃. This is because the latent heat storage material of example 4 had a temperature range of-12 to 6 ℃ in the resting period, and therefore, the latent heat storage material did not melt at an ambient temperature for 5 ℃. This can extend the cooling function of the latent heat storage material, and the articles to be cooled can be transported over a long period of time within the temperature range to be maintained. In addition, leafy vegetables and dairy products after 36 hours of delivery remained fresh without particular discoloration or damage.

On the other hand, comparative example 2 approached 0 ℃ which is the main melting point of comparative example 2 within about 3 hours from the start of measurement, and showed a rapid temperature rise after being held near 0 ℃ for about 26 hours from the start of measurement, and exceeded 10 ℃ after about 33 hours. This is because the latent heat storage material made of water has a main melting temperature of about 0 ℃, and even in a refrigerated warehouse, since the ambient temperature melts at or above the main melting temperature, it melts completely in about 26 hours from the start of measurement, and can be kept cold for a long time. Further, the leafy vegetables after 36 hours of transportation contained much moisture, and were confirmed to be discolored or damaged. This is considered to be because leafy vegetables are damaged by low temperature because they are kept cold at around 0 ℃ for a long time of about 26 hours.

That is, as long as the cooling apparatus of example 4 does not deviate from the range of the temperature to be maintained, it can be transported for a long time in a fresh and quality state.

[ example 5]

Example 5 is an example of the logistics system according to the first embodiment. In example 5, a fishery producer as a shipper contained fresh fish as an article, which is a fresh product to be kept at a temperature range exceeding 10 ℃ and 5 ℃ or less, in a physical distribution packaging container provided with a cold insulation device as shown in fig. 9. The cold storage device used was an aqueous solution of 35 wt% tetrabutylammonium bromide and 13 wt% potassium nitrate as a latent heat storage material, and was stored in a solid phase. The solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material was-16 ℃, the melting start temperature was 3.2 ℃, and the main melting temperature was 4.2 ℃. Next, after the food is kept cold at 2 to 3 ℃ in a refrigerator car and transported for 8 hours, the transporting person discharges the physical distribution packaging container to a shop of a consignor-ready-to-eat restaurant. Finally, the receiver receives and opens the logistics bale container, which is left standing for 5 hours in an environment with an average temperature of 25 ℃ in the store. At this time, the fresh fish as the item maintains the initial freshness, and deterioration in freshness is not observed. The latent heat storage material of the cold insulation device is in a state in which a solid phase and a liquid phase coexist, and is not in a completely melted state. That is, the cold insulation apparatus of example 5 was dormant during transportation in a refrigerator car at 2 to 3 ℃, and thus the cold insulation time could be extended.

On the other hand, when water was used as the latent heat storage material of example 5, the water melted during transportation in a refrigerator car at 2 to 3 ℃, and the water melted completely at the time of reception by the receiver and exceeded the upper limit of the temperature range to be maintained. That is, in the distribution system according to the aspect of the present invention, since the temperature ranges overlap with the latent heat storage material in the resting period during transportation of the refrigerator car, transportation can be performed for a long time.

In one aspect of the present invention, the following configuration may be adopted. That is, (1) a cooling apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is a cooling apparatus for adjusting the temperature of a cooling target used in a physical distribution packaging container, the cooling apparatus including: a latent heat storage material having supercooling properties and having a temperature range which is a sleep period between a solidification temperature at which a phase changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase and a melting start temperature at which the phase changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase; and a storage unit that stores the latent heat storage material, wherein the latent heat storage material is selected so that a main melting temperature is included in a temperature range to be maintained of the object to be cooled, and the latent heat storage material has a range in which at least the temperature range in the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the object to be cooled overlap with each other.

Thus, in a time zone where the temperature is not controlled, the cooling target object can be cooled in the vicinity of the main melting temperature by the latent heat of the latent heat storage material. In addition, when the lower limit of the temperature of the object to be kept cold is to be kept lower than the solidification temperature, the latent heat storage material can be changed from the liquid phase to the solid phase and regenerated by cooling the controlled temperature at a temperature lower than the solidification temperature and higher than the lower limit in the time zone of the controlled temperature. In this case, the latent heat storage material may be at least dormant and the cooling function may be extended by setting the controlled temperature to a temperature within a range in which the temperature range of the dormant period and the temperature range to be maintained of the object to be cooled overlap each other in the time zone of the controlled temperature.

(2) In the cold insulation device according to an aspect of the present invention, the latent heat storage material is selected so that the solidification temperature is higher than a lower limit of a temperature range to be maintained by the object to be cooled.

In this way, in the time zone in which the temperature is controlled, the latent heat storage material can be regenerated while changing the phase from the liquid phase to the solid phase by setting the controlled temperature to be lower than the solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than the lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained for the object to be cooled.

(3) In the cold insulation device according to an aspect of the present invention, the latent heat storage material has a temperature range in a resting period of 1 ℃.

Thus, since the temperature range in the resting period is 1 ℃ or more, the temperature for controlling the resting of the latent heat storage material can be flexibly set within the temperature range in the resting period in the time zone in which the temperature is controlled.

(4) In the cold insulation device according to an aspect of the present invention, the latent heat storage material uses a formation energy of a pseudo clathrate hydrate having an alkyl quaternary salt as an object.

Thus, a cold insulation device using a latent heat storage material having a sleep period can be specifically manufactured.

(5) In the cold insulation device according to an aspect of the present invention, the latent heat storage material is non-flammable.

Therefore, a cold insulation device using such a latent heat storage material is used for logistics, and safety can be improved.

(6) In the cold insulation device according to an aspect of the present invention, the melting start temperature of the latent heat storage material is 5 ℃ or more and less than 10 ℃, and the main melting temperature is more than 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ or less.

Therefore, the refrigerator can be dormant in a common refrigeration device, and can be applied to logistics of vegetable, fruit and food and refrigerated goods.

(7) In addition, a physical distribution packaging container according to an aspect of the present invention is a physical distribution packaging container for packaging an article, including: a logistics bale container body; the cold-storage appliance according to any one of the above (1) to (6), which is selected in accordance with a temperature range to be maintained for a packed article; a cooling device holding unit that is provided inside the physical distribution bale container main body and holds the cooling device; and an article storage unit which is provided inside the physical distribution packaging container body and stores an article.

Thus, a cold insulation device using a latent heat storage material having a sleep period can be used in logistics.

(8) Further, a logistics system according to an aspect of the present invention is a logistics system in which an article whose temperature range to be maintained is specified is packed in the logistics package container according to (7) above and is handed over from a sender to a receiver by a sender, wherein the logistics system includes a cooling device that controls the temperature outside the logistics package container to be within the temperature range to be maintained of the article at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled, and the cooling device cools the logistics package container within an overlapping range of the temperature range in the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the article.

Therefore, in the logistics system using the logistics bale container using the latent heat storage material with the dormancy period, at least the latent heat storage material can be dormant, and the cooling function can be prolonged.

(9) In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a logistics system in which an article whose temperature range to be maintained is specified is packed in the logistics bale container according to claim 7 and is handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics system including a cooling device that controls the temperature outside the logistics bale container to be within the temperature range to be maintained of the article at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled, the cooling device cooling the logistics bale container at a temperature lower than a solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than a lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the article, and the latent heat storage material changing from a liquid phase to a solid phase.

Thus, in a distribution system using a distribution packaging container using a latent heat storage material having a resting period, the latent heat storage material can be regenerated, and the cooling function can be extended.

(10) Further, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a logistics method in which an article whose temperature range to be maintained is specified is packed in the logistics package container according to the above (7) and is handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics method comprising a step of controlling the temperature outside the logistics package container to be within the temperature range to be maintained of the article using a cooling device that cools the logistics package container in an overlapping range of the temperature range in the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the article before and after at least one of a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled and a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled.

Thus, in the logistics method using the logistics packaging container using the latent heat storage material having the dormant period, at least the latent heat storage material can be dormant, and the cooling function can be prolonged.

(11) In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a logistics method in which an article whose temperature range to be maintained is specified is packed in the logistics package container according to the above (7) and is handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics method including a step of controlling a temperature outside the logistics package container to be within the temperature range to be maintained of the article using a cooling device that cools the logistics package container at a temperature lower than a solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than a lower limit of the temperature range to be maintained of the article, so that the latent heat storage material is changed from a liquid phase to a solid phase, at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled.

Thus, in the logistics method using the logistics packaging container using the latent heat storage material having the resting period, the latent heat storage material can be regenerated, and the cooling function can be prolonged.

In addition, the international application is based on the priority claim of the Japanese patent application No. 2017-019962 applied on 6.2.7.7, and the entire contents of the Japanese patent application No. 2017-019962 are cited in the international application.

Description of the reference numerals

100 … cold insulation device

110 … cold insulation device body

120 … accommodating part

130 … heat storage layer

150 … latent heat storage material

170 … injection port

190 … bolt

200 … logistics bale container

210 … physical distribution bale container body

220 … cold insulation device holding part

230 … article receiving part

240 … accommodating part

250 … cover part

Claims

1. A logistics system in which articles having a temperature range to be maintained are bundled in a logistics bale container and handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, the logistics system comprising:

a cooling device that controls the temperature outside the physical distribution bale container to be within a temperature range in which the articles should be kept, at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled,

the cooling device is configured to cool the logistics bale container to a temperature range in which the dormant period and the temperature range of the article to be maintained are repeated,

the logistics bale container comprises:

a logistics bale container body;

a cold insulation device selected according to a temperature range to be maintained for the packed articles;

a cooling device holding unit that is provided inside the physical distribution bale container main body and holds the cooling device; and

an article storage unit that is provided inside the physical distribution packaging container main body and stores the article,

the cold insulation apparatus includes:

a latent heat storage material having supercooling properties and having a temperature range which is a sleep period between a solidification temperature at which a phase changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase and a melting start temperature at which the phase changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase; and

a storage unit for storing the latent heat storage material,

the latent heat storage material is selected so that the main melting temperature is included in the temperature range to be maintained of the article, and at least the temperature range in the sleep period and the temperature range to be maintained of the article overlap each other, in accordance with the temperature range to be maintained of the article.

2. The logistics system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the logistics bale container to a temperature that is lower than a solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than a lower limit of a temperature range in which the article should be kept, so as to change the latent heat storage material from a liquid phase to a solid phase.

3. The logistics system of claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material is selected in such a way that the solidification temperature is above a lower limit of a temperature range in which the item should be maintained.

4. The logistics system of claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material has a temperature range of 1 ℃ or greater during the resting period.

5. The logistics system of claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material utilizes formation energy of a quasi-clathrate hydrate with an alkyl quaternary salt as a guest.

6. The logistics system of claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material is non-combustible.

7. The logistics system of claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material has a melting start temperature of 5 ℃ or more and less than 10 ℃ and a main melting temperature of more than 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ or less.

8. A logistics method in which an article having a temperature range determined to be maintained is bundled in a logistics bale container and handed over from a sender to a receiver by a carrier, characterized in that,

the logistics method comprises a step of controlling the temperature outside the logistics bale container to be within a temperature range to be maintained by the article by using a cooling device at least one of before and after a time zone in which the temperature is not controlled,

the cooling device cools the logistics bale receptacle to within a repeating range of a temperature range of the dormant period and a temperature range of the item that should be maintained,

the logistics bale container comprises:

a logistics bale container body;

the cold insulation apparatus includes:

a storage unit for storing the latent heat storage material,

9. The logistics method according to claim 8, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the logistics bale container to a temperature that is lower than a solidification temperature of the latent heat storage material and higher than a lower limit of a temperature range in which the article should be kept, so as to change the latent heat storage material from a liquid phase to a solid phase.

10. The logistics method of claim 8, wherein the latent heat storage material is selected in such a way that the solidification temperature is above a lower limit of a temperature range in which the item should be maintained.

11. The logistics method of claim 8, wherein the temperature range of the latent heat storage material during the resting period is above 1 ℃.

12. The logistics method of claim 8, wherein the latent heat storage material utilizes formation energy of a quasi-clathrate hydrate with an alkyl quaternary salt as a guest.

13. The method of logistics according to claim 8, wherein the latent heat storage material is non-combustible.

14. The logistics method according to claim 8, wherein the latent heat storage material has a melting start temperature of 5 ℃ or more and less than 10 ℃, and a main melting temperature of more than 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ or less.