WO2023199338A1 - Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications - Google Patents

Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023199338A1
WO2023199338A1 PCT/IN2023/050148 IN2023050148W WO2023199338A1 WO 2023199338 A1 WO2023199338 A1 WO 2023199338A1 IN 2023050148 W IN2023050148 W IN 2023050148W WO 2023199338 A1 WO2023199338 A1 WO 2023199338A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pcm
phase change
ammonium chloride
change material
applications
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2023/050148
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Shaji SIDNEY
Rajani Kant Rai
Original Assignee
Tan90 Thermal Solutions Private Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tan90 Thermal Solutions Private Limited filed Critical Tan90 Thermal Solutions Private Limited
Publication of WO2023199338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023199338A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/16—Halides of ammonium
    • C01C1/164—Ammonium chloride

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cold chain logistics and supply chain management systems and methods.
  • the present invention also relates to phase change materials for sub-zero and low temperature applications. Further, the invention relates to inorganic phase change materials and methods for producing the same. Additionally, the present invention specifically relates to ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications.
  • PCMs Phase Change Materials
  • CN103602317 teaches a composite low- temperature phase-change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof.
  • the material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0-40 parts of ethylene glycol, 60-100 parts of n-heptanol, and 5-8 parts of expanded graphite; the number of the mass parts of ethylene glycol is not equal to 0, and the number of the mass parts of n-heptanol is not equal to 100; the material is prepared by mixing uniformly n-heptanol and ethylene glycol according to the proportion, then adding the expanded graphite and evenly stirring.
  • WO2008137883A1 teaches a transport package which efficiently maintains payload temperature within a predetermined temperature range during delivery through regions having ambient temperatures outside the desired range.
  • the transport package is used for transporting temperature sensitive materials and thermally protecting the materials from cold and hot ambient temperatures in a manner that does not require a power source or other mechanical devices.
  • Aspects of the invention relate to a temperature maintaining packaging system having an outer container, thermal insulation materials and two or more different phase change materials.
  • CN103756645A teaches a cold-chain transportation phase change material and a preparation method thereof.
  • the phase change material is prepared from the following components by weight percent: 30-37% of sodium sulfate, 40-50% of water, 4-20% of ammonium chloride, 0.25-20% of potassium chloride, 1-3% of borax and 1-5% of sizing agent.
  • the present solutions composition of materials for handling the transportation of goods and products is not effective and efficient to handle the sub-zero and low temperatures.
  • the prior art solutions are unable to render an efficient temperature range of -16 °C and +14 °C to meet the requirements of cold chain logistics in tropical climate regions.
  • the prior art solutions are complex to implement and require skilled persons to handle the implementation of the PCMs onsite. Additionally, the prior art uses the PCMs in packs in which maintenance of shape is impossible and possibilities of leaks are high which can affect the quality of the food product being stored/transported.
  • PCM phase change material
  • PCM phase change material
  • An ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications.
  • the ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C for use in cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions.
  • the PCM for sub-zero temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride with water at a 3:17 ratio wherein the PCM is incorporated with nucleating agents (e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride) to eliminate the supercooling of the compounds.
  • nucleating agents e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride
  • the stability of the PCM was maintained by adding stabilizing agents (hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate) to enhance the rate of cooling and phase change.
  • the PCM for the positive side temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5.
  • the PCM was incorporated with the nucleating agents (e.g., borax and titanium dioxide) to enhance the phase change property in the material.
  • the stability of the compound is increased by adding compounds such as, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and amorphous silica.
  • the present invention elucidates the use of ammonium chloride for thermal energy storage in cold chain management under different applications.
  • Ammonium chloride is an excellent temperature depressant agent in water when varied with different mole fractions of sodium sulphate, along with nucleating agents and stabilizing polymers.
  • the present invention teaches two Phase change materials (PCMs) of distinct phase change temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C are presented for different types of applications.
  • the -16 °C PCM was obtained for a ratio of 3:17 comprising of ammonium chloride and water along with nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
  • the +14 °C PCM was obtained in a ratio of 6.4: 14: 18.5 comprising of ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water with additional nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
  • the invention also teaches the shape-stabilized and leak proof phase change materials during the frozen and unfrozen states.
  • Both PCMs have distinct applications such as the -16 °C PCM was preferred for the preservation and transport of low temperature foods such as fish, meat and ice creams while the +14 °C PCM finds application in the egg industry, chocolate industry, tropical fruits (oranges and pineapples), unripe fruits (bananas) and vegetables (tubers such as potatoes).
  • the invention relates to the field of cold chain logistics and aids to reduce the dependency of conventional refrigeration systems for logistic application.
  • the maintenance of the cold chain ensures that constant temperature is maintained from the supplier to the consumer and ensures that the quality of the product is not affected in any way.
  • the OFF cycle of the compressor can be enhanced by using such PCMs as the cut OFF cycle can be prolonged.
  • the newly invented PCM has the advantage of high latent heat capacity and good thermal conductivity that ensure prolong storage time and rapid heat transfer. This will help to extend the shelf life for the perishable products during transportation without any power source which falls under the frozen segment and banana segment.
  • the present invention teaches an ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications.
  • the ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperature range of -16 °C and +14 °C for use in a wide range of cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions.
  • the PCM for sub-zero temperatures is developed by mixing the ammonium chloride with water at a 3:17 ratio wherein the PCM is incorporated with nucleating agents (e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride) to enhance the subcooling of the compounds.
  • nucleating agents e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride
  • the stability of the PCM was maintained by adding stabilizing agents (hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate) to enhance the rate of cooling and phase change.
  • the -16 PCM freezes at -16 °C and melts at -16 °C.
  • the -16 PCM stores energy between a band of -16 °C and -15 °C.
  • the liquid thermal conductivity of the -16 °C PCM is 0.468 W/mK
  • the solid thermal conductivity of the -16 °C PCM is 2.7 W/mK
  • the latent heat of the -16 °C PCM measured 250 kJ/kg
  • the PCM for the positive side temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5.
  • the PCM was incorporated with the nucleating agents (e.g., borax and titanium dioxide) to enhance the phase change property in the material.
  • the stability of the compound is increased by adding compounds such as, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and amorphous silica.
  • the +14 PCM freezes at +14 °C and melts at +14 °C.
  • the +14 PCM stores energy between a band of +14 °C and +17 °C.
  • the liquid thermal conductivity of the +14 °C PCM is 0.56 W/mK
  • the solid thermal conductivity of the +14 °C PCM is 1.14 W/mK
  • the latent heat of the +14 °C PCM measured 210 kJ/kg.
  • the present invention elucidates the use of ammonium chloride for thermal energy storage in cold chain management under different applications.
  • Ammonium chloride is an excellent temperature depressant agent in water when varied with different mole fractions of sodium sulphate, along with nucleating agents and stabilizing polymers.
  • the present invention teaches two Phase Change Materials (PCMs) of distinct phase change temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C are presented for different types of applications.
  • the -16 °C PCM was obtained for a ratio of 3:17 comprising of ammonium chloride and water along with nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
  • the +14 °C PCM was obtained in a ratio of 6.4: 14: 18.5 comprising of ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water with additional nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
  • the invention also teaches the shape-stabilized and leak proof phase change materials during the frozen and unfrozen states.
  • Both PCMs have distinct applications such as the -16 °C PCM was preferred for the preservation and transport of low temperature foods such as fish, meat and ice creams while the +14 °C PCM finds application in the logistics of the following sectors the egg industry, chocolate industry, tropical fruits (oranges and pineapples), unripe fruits (bananas) and vegetables (tubers such as potatoes).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications. The ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperature range of -16 °C and +14 °C for use in a wide range of cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions. The PCM for sub-zero temperatures is developed by mixing the ammonium chloride with water at a 3:17 ratio. Similarly, the PCM for the positive side temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5.

Description

DESCRIPTION
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE BASED INORGANIC PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL FOR SUB-ZERO AND LOW TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to cold chain logistics and supply chain management systems and methods. The present invention also relates to phase change materials for sub-zero and low temperature applications. Further, the invention relates to inorganic phase change materials and methods for producing the same. Additionally, the present invention specifically relates to ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are well-known and are widely used in cold chain logistics for efficient management and transportation of a wide range of products including but not limited to food, medicine, and dairy products. Different types of PCMs are used based on the nature of the application and parameters such as nature of the food, duration of transit, size of shipment and ambient temperature.
[0003] The transportation and distribution of frozen goods, in particular, food products require the temperature to be maintained at sub-zero or low temperatures up to around -10° to -16°C. It is much more challenging to maintain such low temperatures in tropical climatic regions.
[0004] In one embodiment of prior art, CN103602317 teaches a composite low- temperature phase-change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0-40 parts of ethylene glycol, 60-100 parts of n-heptanol, and 5-8 parts of expanded graphite; the number of the mass parts of ethylene glycol is not equal to 0, and the number of the mass parts of n-heptanol is not equal to 100; the material is prepared by mixing uniformly n-heptanol and ethylene glycol according to the proportion, then adding the expanded graphite and evenly stirring.
[0005] Similarly, in another embodiment of prior art WO2008137883A1 teaches a transport package which efficiently maintains payload temperature within a predetermined temperature range during delivery through regions having ambient temperatures outside the desired range. The transport package is used for transporting temperature sensitive materials and thermally protecting the materials from cold and hot ambient temperatures in a manner that does not require a power source or other mechanical devices. Aspects of the invention relate to a temperature maintaining packaging system having an outer container, thermal insulation materials and two or more different phase change materials. In an alternative embodiment of prior art, CN103756645A teaches a cold-chain transportation phase change material and a preparation method thereof. The phase change material is prepared from the following components by weight percent: 30-37% of sodium sulfate, 40-50% of water, 4-20% of ammonium chloride, 0.25-20% of potassium chloride, 1-3% of borax and 1-5% of sizing agent. The present solutions (composition of materials for handling the transportation of goods and products is not effective and efficient to handle the sub-zero and low temperatures. In particular, the prior art solutions are unable to render an efficient temperature range of -16 °C and +14 °C to meet the requirements of cold chain logistics in tropical climate regions. The prior art solutions are complex to implement and require skilled persons to handle the implementation of the PCMs onsite. Additionally, the prior art uses the PCMs in packs in which maintenance of shape is impossible and possibilities of leaks are high which can affect the quality of the food product being stored/transported.
[0006] Based on the foregoing, it is believed that a need exists for an improved inorganic phase change material. Also, a need exists for an ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications, as described in greater detail herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the disclosed embodiment and is not intended to be a full description.
[0008] It is, therefore, one aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide for an improved inorganic phase change material (PCM) for cold chain logistics.
[0009] It is another aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide for an improved ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications.
[0010] It is further aspects of the disclosed embodiments to provide an improved inorganic phase change material (PCM) with the incorporation of form-bricks in the PCM packs wherein the form-bricks absorb the PCM and the shape is stabilized and leaks are eliminated.
[0011] An ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications. The ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C for use in cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions. The PCM for sub-zero temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride with water at a 3:17 ratio wherein the PCM is incorporated with nucleating agents (e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride) to eliminate the supercooling of the compounds. The stability of the PCM was maintained by adding stabilizing agents (hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate) to enhance the rate of cooling and phase change. Similarly, the PCM for the positive side temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5. The PCM was incorporated with the nucleating agents (e.g., borax and titanium dioxide) to enhance the phase change property in the material. The stability of the compound is increased by adding compounds such as, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and amorphous silica.
[0012] The present invention elucidates the use of ammonium chloride for thermal energy storage in cold chain management under different applications. Ammonium chloride is an excellent temperature depressant agent in water when varied with different mole fractions of sodium sulphate, along with nucleating agents and stabilizing polymers. The present invention teaches two Phase change materials (PCMs) of distinct phase change temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C are presented for different types of applications. The -16 °C PCM was obtained for a ratio of 3:17 comprising of ammonium chloride and water along with nucleating agents and stabilizing agents. The +14 °C PCM was obtained in a ratio of 6.4: 14: 18.5 comprising of ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water with additional nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
[0013] The invention also teaches the shape-stabilized and leak proof phase change materials during the frozen and unfrozen states. Both PCMs have distinct applications such as the -16 °C PCM was preferred for the preservation and transport of low temperature foods such as fish, meat and ice creams while the +14 °C PCM finds application in the egg industry, chocolate industry, tropical fruits (oranges and pineapples), unripe fruits (bananas) and vegetables (tubers such as potatoes).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0016] Description of the Invention: The invention relates to the field of cold chain logistics and aids to reduce the dependency of conventional refrigeration systems for logistic application. The maintenance of the cold chain ensures that constant temperature is maintained from the supplier to the consumer and ensures that the quality of the product is not affected in any way. In conventional refrigerators the OFF cycle of the compressor can be enhanced by using such PCMs as the cut OFF cycle can be prolonged.
[0017] There are five temperature standards that are followed in the cold chain packaging adopted across several industries such as pharmaceuticals, food & beverage, and other packaging sectors they are as follows: Deep freeze (-25 to -30 °C). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units; Frozen (-10 to -20 °C). Used to transport frozen meat, frozen bakery (cakes, bread) and ice-creams also falls within this temperature range; Chill (2 to 4 °C). This range comprises the standard temperatures in a refrigerator and is commonly used to transport fruits, vegetables and milk; Pharmaceutical (2 to 8 °C). The temperature range is mostly used in the storage and transport of pharmaceutical products like vaccines; and Banana (12 to 14 °C). This temperature range is chosen for one of the world’s most-produced fruit that usually has its ripening controlled during shipping.
[0018] The newly invented PCM has the advantage of high latent heat capacity and good thermal conductivity that ensure prolong storage time and rapid heat transfer. This will help to extend the shelf life for the perishable products during transportation without any power source which falls under the frozen segment and banana segment.
[0019] The addition of form-bricks along with the PCM packs enhances the shape stability and eliminates the possibility of leaks. All these aids in preventing the PCM from having direct contact with the foods and the packing in-case of leaks or punctured PCM packs.
[0020] Best Method of Use: The present invention teaches an ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications. The ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperature range of -16 °C and +14 °C for use in a wide range of cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions. The PCM for sub-zero temperatures is developed by mixing the ammonium chloride with water at a 3:17 ratio wherein the PCM is incorporated with nucleating agents (e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride) to enhance the subcooling of the compounds. The stability of the PCM was maintained by adding stabilizing agents (hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate) to enhance the rate of cooling and phase change.
[0021] The major properties of the claim are elucidated below:
The -16 PCM freezes at -16 °C and melts at -16 °C.
The -16 PCM stores energy between a band of -16 °C and -15 °C.
The liquid thermal conductivity of the -16 °C PCM is 0.468 W/mK The solid thermal conductivity of the -16 °C PCM is 2.7 W/mK The latent heat of the -16 °C PCM measured 250 kJ/kg
[0022] Similarly, the PCM for the positive side temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5. The PCM was incorporated with the nucleating agents (e.g., borax and titanium dioxide) to enhance the phase change property in the material. The stability of the compound is increased by adding compounds such as, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and amorphous silica.
[0023] The major properties of the claim are elucidated below:
The +14 PCM freezes at +14 °C and melts at +14 °C.
The +14 PCM stores energy between a band of +14 °C and +17 °C. The liquid thermal conductivity of the +14 °C PCM is 0.56 W/mK
The solid thermal conductivity of the +14 °C PCM is 1.14 W/mK
The latent heat of the +14 °C PCM measured 210 kJ/kg.
[0024] Working of the Invention: In most of the PCM applications used in logistics, the PCMs are used in plastic or nylon packs. After the PCM freezes the shape of the PCM packs cannot be changed this is observed to hinder uniform cooling. The addition of form-brick to the PCM aids to maintain a fixed shape during freezing and melting. Based on the users’ needs different shaped form-bricks can be used. Owing to the porous nature of the form-bricks the PCMs gets effectively absorbed into it and the possibilities of leaks resulting from punctures PCM packs or improperly sealed packs are completely eradicated. The addition of form-brick does not affect the weight of the PCMs, and it also aids as an additional nucleating agent during phase change.
[0025] The present invention elucidates the use of ammonium chloride for thermal energy storage in cold chain management under different applications. Ammonium chloride is an excellent temperature depressant agent in water when varied with different mole fractions of sodium sulphate, along with nucleating agents and stabilizing polymers. The present invention teaches two Phase Change Materials (PCMs) of distinct phase change temperatures of -16 °C and +14 °C are presented for different types of applications. The -16 °C PCM was obtained for a ratio of 3:17 comprising of ammonium chloride and water along with nucleating agents and stabilizing agents. The +14 °C PCM was obtained in a ratio of 6.4: 14: 18.5 comprising of ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water with additional nucleating agents and stabilizing agents.
[0026] The invention also teaches the shape-stabilized and leak proof phase change materials during the frozen and unfrozen states. Both PCMs have distinct applications such as the -16 °C PCM was preferred for the preservation and transport of low temperature foods such as fish, meat and ice creams while the +14 °C PCM finds application in the logistics of the following sectors the egg industry, chocolate industry, tropical fruits (oranges and pineapples), unripe fruits (bananas) and vegetables (tubers such as potatoes).
[0027] It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS I/We Claim:
1. A process for preparing ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for subzero and low temperature applications, comprising: developing Phase Change Material (PCM) for sub-zero temperature by mixing ammonium chloride with water at a 3: 17 ratio wherein the PCM is incorporated with nucleating agents (e.g., caesium chloride and calcium chloride) to eliminate the supercooling of the compounds wherein the ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperatures of -16 °C for use in cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the stability of the PCM was maintained by adding stabilizing agents (hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate) to enhance the rate of cooling and phase change.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PCM for the +14°C temperature is developed by mixing ammonium chloride, sodium sulphate and water at a ratio of 6.4:14:18.5 wherein the ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material (PCM) is effective in handling the temperatures of +14°C for use in cold chain logistic applications in tropical climate regions.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the PCM was incorporated with the nucleating agents (e.g., borax and titanium dioxide) to enhance the phase change property in the material.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the stability of the compound is increased by adding compounds such as, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and amorphous silica.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 and 3 wherein the PCMs are shape-stabilized and leak proof during the frozen and unfrozen states.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the - 16 °C PCM was preferred for the preservation and transport of low temperature foods.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the +14 °C PCM has applications in the egg industry, chocolate industry, tropical fruits (oranges and pineapples), unripe fruits (bananas) and vegetables (tubers such as potatoes).
PCT/IN2023/050148 2022-04-13 2023-02-14 Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications WO2023199338A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202241022005 2022-04-13
IN202241022005 2022-04-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023199338A1 true WO2023199338A1 (en) 2023-10-19

Family

ID=88330440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IN2023/050148 WO2023199338A1 (en) 2022-04-13 2023-02-14 Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023199338A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102268241A (en) * 2011-06-30 2011-12-07 华南理工大学 Phase transition material for cooling with phase transition temperature of 12-29 DEG C and preparation method thereof
CN103756645A (en) * 2014-01-24 2014-04-30 熊建平 Cold-chain transportation phase change material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102268241A (en) * 2011-06-30 2011-12-07 华南理工大学 Phase transition material for cooling with phase transition temperature of 12-29 DEG C and preparation method thereof
CN103756645A (en) * 2014-01-24 2014-04-30 熊建平 Cold-chain transportation phase change material and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DONG, 0. ET AL.: "Phase change materials in the ternary system NH4Cl+CaC12+H20", CALPHAD, vol. 35, no. 3, 28 April 2011 (2011-04-28), pages 269 - 275, XP028265819, DOI: 0.1016/j.calphad. 2011.04.00 2 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20070180850A1 (en) Plastic freezable food container
CN109868115A (en) A kind of fresh cold chain efficient cold-storage material and preparation method thereof
CN104830283A (en) Low-temperature phase change cold storage material and production method thereof
US20190390921A1 (en) Cooling device, distribution packaging container, distribution system, and distribution method
WO2023199338A1 (en) Ammonium chloride based inorganic phase change material for sub-zero and low temperature applications
EP1465510A1 (en) Cold storage box
US20230265331A1 (en) Latent heat storage material for ultra-cold applications and container for temperature-controlled transport at ultra-cold temperatures
KR20220128977A (en) Refrigerant Composition And The Manufacturing Method Thereof
KR20080100401A (en) Package members for packaging fresh food and multi-assembly package vessel using the same
CN207797476U (en) Cold-storage device
CN110951466A (en) Fresh cold chain meat coolant and preparation method thereof
JP2012057921A (en) Freezing and cooling 2 temperature zone heat insulating box and freezing, cooling and ordinary temperature 3 temperature zone heat insulating box
JP7011744B1 (en) Freezing temperature range Cold storage material and cold storage equipment using it, distribution packing container and distribution system
WO2020013274A1 (en) Cooling agent, cooling pack, freight, transportation equipment, transportation method, and cooling method
JP2003171657A (en) Cold storage medium and its manufacturing method
JP7506890B2 (en) Refrigerants, refrigeration equipment, cargo, transport equipment, manufacturing method of refrigeration equipment, transport method and refrigeration method
BRPI0503009A (en) method of obtaining a foodstuff for immediate consumption, packaged in a flexible plastic bag
CN109855339A (en) A kind of heat-insulated chilled bag of flexibility of totally-enclosed cold-storage
JP2002071248A (en) Low temperature dynamic ice production method and cold insulation container base and sales system of low temperature dynamic ice
CN108317795A (en) A kind of novel heat insulation refrigerating chamber
JP2000154379A (en) Freezing agent, thermostatic chiller and quick chiller
JP2022082954A (en) Cold-retaining agent, cold-retaining tool, cargo, transportation machine, transportation method, and cold-retaining method
CN108302852A (en) Increase transportation radius and prevents the method and its cold-storage device of refrigeration substance frostbite
US2800455A (en) Method of producing gel refrigerant
WO2023144541A1 (en) Phase change material for a temperature-controlled shipping package