WO2020007490A1 - Système d'alimentation en énergie - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation en énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020007490A1
WO2020007490A1 PCT/EP2018/068409 EP2018068409W WO2020007490A1 WO 2020007490 A1 WO2020007490 A1 WO 2020007490A1 EP 2018068409 W EP2018068409 W EP 2018068409W WO 2020007490 A1 WO2020007490 A1 WO 2020007490A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
water
control cabinet
photovoltaic system
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/068409
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Maximilian Bindl
Original Assignee
BINDL, Marianne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BINDL, Marianne filed Critical BINDL, Marianne
Priority to EP18740765.5A priority Critical patent/EP3818610A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2018/068409 priority patent/WO2020007490A1/fr
Publication of WO2020007490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007490A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy supply system for supplying buildings with electrical and thermal energy.
  • FIG. 1 Such a system essentially consists of a photovoltaic system PV, which can be arranged on the roof of the building, for example.
  • the photovoltaic system is coupled to an inverter WR, which converts the direct current provided by the photovoltaic system PV into alternating current.
  • the AC power provided by the inverter WR can be fed into the public power grid ⁇ N if it is processed appropriately.
  • the current provided by the inverter WR can be supplied to the consumers in the building, for example via the HV home distributor.
  • the current provided by the photovoltaic system PV can be stored in an accumulator. The accumulator can make electrical energy available to the building, for example if the electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic system PV for the power supply of the building is not sufficient. The purchase of electrical energy from the public electricity grid ⁇ N can be avoided at least as long as the battery provides sufficient electrical energy.
  • thermal energy for example for hot water preparation or building heating
  • a remote heating network for example, or to heat water by means of gas heating.
  • the building usually has to be connected to the public gas network.
  • the hot water treatment can also be carried out with the aid of an oil heater, an appropriately dimensioned oil tank having to be provided in or on the building for the storage of the heating oil.
  • Both systems i.e. the photovoltaic system and the system for providing the thermal energy work independently of one another and are also operated independently of one another. This means that on the one hand the use of these systems is not coordinated and on the other hand possible synergies are not used.
  • Another disadvantage of the systems mentioned above is that the building must be connected to the public infrastructure (public power network, remote heating network, gas network), so that the owner or owner of the building depends on the respective provider. A self-sufficient supply of the building with electrical and thermal energy is almost impossible.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide solutions which enable a self-sufficient supply of buildings with electrical and thermal energy, without the buildings having to be connected to the public supply infrastructure.
  • the photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic system, an inverter coupled to the photovoltaic system and a protective mechanism coupled to the inverter and / or to the photovoltaic system,
  • the hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen generation device, a hydrogen tank and a hydrogen treatment device, wherein
  • the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank is processed for the engine
  • the hot water system comprises at least one water tank with a heating system
  • the engine is coupled to the hydrogen processing device, the engine being operated with the processed hydrogen
  • the photovoltaic system is coupled to the hydrogen system via a first control cabinet or via a first controller,
  • the photovoltaic system is coupled to the hot water system via the first control cabinet or via the first control, the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system being supplied to the heating system via the first control cabinet or via the first control,
  • a second control cabinet or a second control is provided, which is coupled to the hydrogen generation device, to the engine, to the hydrogen tank and to the hydrogen treatment device, and wherein the first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control
  • the electric current stored in the accumulator feeds the house distributor for consumption if the photovoltaic system does not supply sufficient electrical current for the consumers connected to the house distributor, and
  • the engine starts to generate electrical current with a generator of the motor and the electrical current generated to the house distributor or the accumulator feeds.
  • the second control cabinet or the second controller controls the hydrogen generation, the hydrogen treatment and the supply of the prepared hydrogen to the engine. It is further advantageous if the first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control start the engine in order to generate electric current with a generator of the engine and the generated electric current to the hot water system for heating the one in the water tank located water supplies when the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system and / or by the accumulator is not sufficient to heat the water to a predetermined temperature. It is also advantageous if the first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control start the engine in order to heat the water in the water tank with the thermal energy given off by the engine. It has proven beneficial if the thermal energy of the engine
  • a heat exchanger which is coupled to a cooler of the engine and to the water tank, and / or
  • the water in the water tank is supplied.
  • first switchgear cabinet or the first controller is connected to the second switchgear cabinet or the second controller via a communication link, data being exchanged via the communication link that is required for controlling the energy supply system.
  • first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control the Voltaiksystem generated excess electrical power then supplies the hydrogen system for generating hydrogen when the water in the water tank has reached a predetermined temperature.
  • first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control supply the excess electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system to the hot water system for heating the water in the water tank, if that Water tank water has reached a predetermined temperature and the hydrogen tank is completely filled, the water in the water tank is heated to a temperature above the predetermined temperature.
  • a temperature sensor can be arranged in the water tank, the supply of the electrical current to the hot water system taking place as a function of the measured temperature.
  • first control cabinet or the first control and the second control cabinet or the second control supply electric current to a starter battery of the engine in order to charge the starter battery.
  • the energy supply system can have a hydrogen dispenser which is coupled to the hydrogen tank and / or to the hydrogen treatment device, the hydrogen dispenser being supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen tank or treated hydrogen from the hydrogen treatment device for refueling a vehicle operated with hydrogen.
  • the energy supply system can have a charging station for charging an energy store of an electrically operated vehicle, the charging station being supplied directly with the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system and / or the electrical current stored in the accumulator being supplied, the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system first Electricity is supplied directly to the charging station and the electrical current stored in the accumulator is only supplied to the charging station when the photovoltaic system does not provide sufficient electrical current for charging the energy storage device of the vehicle.
  • the electric current supplied to the vehicle can be billed via a billing device of the charging station.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic system according to the prior art technology.
  • Figure 2 shows the essential elements of the system according to the invention as a block diagram.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed block diagram of the system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a first subsystem of the system according to the invention comprising the
  • Photovoltaic system the hydrogen system and the gas engine
  • FIG. 5 shows a second subsystem of the system according to the invention comprising the
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the essential components of the energy supply system according to the invention, with which an autonomous supply of buildings with electrical and thermal energy is made possible.
  • the energy supply system comprises a photovoltaic system, an accumulator coupled to the photovoltaic system for storing the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system, a hydrogen system for generating hydrogen and for processing the generated hydrogen for the gas engine, a gas engine that the Hydrogen system generated and treated hydrogen is supplied, and a hot water treatment, with which hot water is provided for the building.
  • the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system is stored in the accumulator, from where it can be supplied to the HV house distributor. From the HV house distributor, the electrical current is conducted in a manner known per se to the electrical consumers in the building. Alternatively or additionally, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system can also be supplied directly to the HV home distribution system, i.e. it is not stored in the accumulator.
  • the accumulator can also provide electrical current for "refueling" an electric car.
  • the accumulator can be coupled to a charging station LS.
  • the current generated by the photovoltaic system can also be fed directly to the charging station LS, i.e. it is not stored in the accumulator.
  • the accumulator should be correspondingly larger be dimensioned. It is advantageous here if the accumulator provides 10 kWh for the house distributor and 10 kWh for the charging station, for example.
  • the accumulator can be constructed in a modular manner in such a way that it has n (for example four) memory modules with a certain nominal capacity, it being possible for each memory module to be interchangeable.
  • the battery can be expanded to include additional memory modules, for example if additional consumers are provided in the house or more than one electric car is to be charged at the same time.
  • the control of the system according to the invention is provided in such a way that the memory modules for the house distributor HV are first fully charged before the memory modules for charging the electric vehicles are loaded. This gives priority to the house distributor.
  • An accumulator with only one memory module can also be provided.
  • the control of the system according to the invention is designed in such a way that an electric car can only be charged with the accumulator as long as it does not fall below a specific charge value of the accumulator. This also ensures that sufficient electrical energy can always be provided by the accumulator for the house distributor.
  • a control unit which is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, can be designed in such a way that it independently decides whether the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system is supplied to the accumulator and stored there, or whether the current is sent directly to the HV / Charging station LS is supplied.
  • this control unit can be designed in such a way that it treats the electrical loads in the building with priority, that is to say, for example, in the event of an increased demand for electrical energy, it does not store the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system in the accumulator, but rather feeds it directly to the house distributor HV. Excess current, however, can be stored in the accumulator.
  • the current generated by the photovoltaic system (or a part of the current generated by the photovoltaic system) is fed to the hydrogen system.
  • the hydrogen system produces hydrogen, for example by means of water electrolysis, for which electrical current is required.
  • the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen system is processed by means of a hydrogen treatment so that it can be used as fuel in the gas engine of the system according to the invention.
  • oxygen can be added to the hydrogen generated in the hydrogen treatment in order to obtain an optimal and homogeneous fuel mixture for the gas engine.
  • the hydrogen generated can also be stored in hydrogen tanks.
  • the hydrogen system can be coupled to a hydrogen dispenser WZ in order to refuel automobiles powered by hydrogen.
  • the water is heated for the building.
  • the water circuit of the cooler of the gas engine can be used to supply thermal energy to the water circuit of the building via a heat exchanger.
  • a heating rod can also be operated with a generator which is operated by the gas engine, by means of which the water in a water tank is heated.
  • the generator of the gas engine can also be coupled to the rechargeable battery in order to charge the rechargeable battery, for example if the photovoltaic system does not generate any electrical current due to bad weather conditions or at night.
  • the electric current generated by the accumulator can also be fed directly to the house distributor.
  • the current of the photovoltaic system (or part of the current generated by the photovoltaic system) for hot water preparation is used.
  • the photovoltaic system can be coupled directly to the hot water preparation, for example with one or more heating elements of a water tank, for heating the water in the water tank.
  • the photovoltaic system generates electrical current, which is stored in the accumulator or, alternatively, is supplied to the house distributor HV for consumption.
  • the photovoltaic system generates excess electrical energy, this is used to generate hydrogen with the help of the hydrogen system, which can be stored in a hydrogen tank and can be fed from the hydrogen tank to the gas engine if required.
  • the excess electricity generated by the photovoltaic system can be used for the hot water preparation. What the excess electricity from the photovoltaic system is used for is decided with the help of an intelligent control device. If, for example, the water in the water tank has already reached the maximum temperature, the control system can cause the excess electricity to produce hydrogen.
  • the control can be set here so that the water in the water tank is first brought to a maximum temperature before generating hydrogen with the excess current of the photovoltaic system becomes.
  • control can be set so that in the event that the water in the tank has already reached the maximum temperature and the hydrogen tanks are full, the maximum permissible maximum temperature of the water in the water tank can be increased briefly in order to use the excess electricity of the photovoltaic system to heat the water even further.
  • the electricity required in the building is provided by the battery. Additionally or alternatively, the electricity required can also be provided by the generator of the gas engine.
  • the intelligent control system starts the gas engine, which is used to heat the water in the water tank.
  • the electrical energy provided by a generator of the gas engine can be used in addition to heating the water to charge the accumulator.
  • the electrical energy stored in the accumulator is used to heat the water in the water tank.
  • This can be advantageous, for example, if the gas engine fails and the photovoltaic system does not supply any electrical current and the water in the water tank falls below the minimum temperature.
  • the likelihood that all conditions will occur that make it necessary to heat the water with the accumulator is extremely low, so that this is only regarded as an emergency solution.
  • Said charging station LS and / or said hydrogen dispenser WZ can have an accounting system or can be coupled to an accounting system. be pelt in order to be able to pay for the electrical current or the hydrogen removed directly, for example by means of a credit card or the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed illustration of the block diagram shown in FIG. 2.
  • the photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic system PV, which essentially consists of a combination of solar modules and can, for example, be mounted on a roof of a building.
  • the direct current generated by the photovoltaic system is fed to an inverter WR, which converts the direct current into alternating current in a manner known per se.
  • the alternating current is supplied to a first control cabinet SS1 via a protective device SM, which can optionally be provided and with which, for example, the photovoltaic system can be separated from the rest of the power grid.
  • the first control cabinet SS1 has a first control with which the use of the electric current in the energy supply system according to the invention is controlled or regulated.
  • the mode of operation of the first controller and the second controller housed in a second control cabinet SS2 is described in more detail below.
  • the current of the photovoltaic system supplied to the first control cabinet SS1 can be fed to the accumulator, where it is stored.
  • the accumulator can then make the current required for the electrical consumers in the building available via the house distributor HV. If necessary, the direct current drawn from the accumulator is converted into alternating current for this purpose.
  • the current flowing out of the control cabinet SS1 can also be fed directly to the HV home distributor.
  • a charging station LS for charging electric vehicles can be provided in the latter.
  • the current can be fed directly from the control cabinet SS1 to the charging station LS.
  • the current for the charging station LS can also be provided by the accumulator.
  • the charging station LS can be designed in such a way that it can deliver electrical energy to the energy supply system if required, provided an electric vehicle is coupled to the charging station LS.
  • the battery of the electric vehicle can thus be used as an additional power store for the energy supply system according to the invention.
  • the control cabinet SS1 is also coupled to a hydrogen system in order to supply the hydrogen system with the energy required for the production of hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen system here essentially consists of a device WE for generating hydrogen, for example by means of water electrolysis, a hydrogen tank WT in which the generated hydrogen is stored, and a hydrogen preparation WA with which the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank WT is used is processed as fuel in the gas engine GM.
  • the first control of the first control cabinet SS1 is set so that the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system is then used to produce hydrogen if this electricity does not have to be used for other purposes.
  • the hydrogen treatment WA is followed by a gas engine GM, to which the treated hydrogen is supplied as fuel.
  • the gas engine GM is provided in the first line to generate electricity by means of a generator G, with which the water can be heated in a water tank T, for example via heating rods HS.
  • the control of the energy supply system according to the invention can be designed so that the water in the tank T is in any case heated by means of the generator G of the gas engine GM when the The photovoltaic system PV provided electrical current is not sufficient for heating the water, or the photovoltaic system PV does not generate electricity.
  • the cooler K of the gas engine GM is also provided to couple the cooler K of the gas engine GM to the water tank T via a heat exchanger W.
  • the cooling liquid of the cooler K is fed to the heat exchanger W via a flow VL and a return RL, so that the thermal energy of the cooler or the coolant liquid can be given off to the water of the water tank T, the water tank T also being supplied via a corresponding flow VL and a return RL is coupled to the heat exchanger W.
  • the exhaust gases of the gas engine GM are also used to heat the water in the water tank T, as a result of which the overall efficiency of the gas engine GM is further improved.
  • the exhaust gases emerging from the exhaust A of the gas engine GM are fed to a condensing boiler BW.
  • the temperatures of the exhaust gases are typically between 230 ° C and 270 ° C.
  • the condensing boiler BW it has a housing with a pipe coil arranged therein. The pipe can run in a spiral in the housing, so that the largest possible pipe surface is formed in the housing of the condensing boiler BW.
  • the exhaust gases from the gas engine GM are fed to the pipe.
  • the exhaust gases supplied are cooled in the housing and leave the housing at the other end of the tube at a temperature of between 40 ° C and 70 ° C.
  • the exhaust gases leaving the BW condensing boiler are fed into a chimney.
  • the condensing boiler BW is coupled to the water tank T via a flow VL and a return RL, so that the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the gas engine can be released to the water in the water tank T.
  • the gas motor GM is provided for heating the water in the water tank T when the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system PV is not sufficient to heat the water. It can, however, be advantageous if the water in the water tank T is heated both with the help of the gas engine GM and with the help of the electricity from the photovoltaic system PV, for example when the hot water consumption is particularly high and the water temperature in the water tank T is already close the minimum water temperature is or threatens to fall below the minimum water temperature.
  • system photovoltaic system PV or gas engine GM or both
  • the first controller SS1 and the second controller SS2 of the energy supply system is controlled by the first controller SS1 and the second controller SS2 of the energy supply system.
  • the electrical current generated by the generator G can also be fed to the accumulator after a corresponding rectification and stored there.
  • the starter battery SB of the gas engine GM can also be coupled to the first control cabinet SS1 in order to charge the starter battery with the current of the photovoltaic system PV if required. If the photovoltaic system PV does not deliver any current, it can also be provided to charge the starter battery SB of the gas engine GM with the current from the accumulator (not shown in FIG. 3).
  • a hydrogen fuel dispenser WZ can be provided in it for refueling electric vehicles operated with hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen dispenser WZ can be directly coupled to the hydrogen tank from which the required hydrogen is taken.
  • the hydrogen dispenser WZ can also be coupled to the hydrogen treatment device WA, which treats the water for refueling the vehicle.
  • the hydrogen treatment device WA is designed in such a way that it can process the hydrogen both for the gas engine GM and for the hydrogen fuel dispenser WZ.
  • the billing of the hydrogen removed by means of the hydrogen dispenser WZ can be implemented with the aid of a billing unit which is part of the hydrogen dispenser WZ or which is coupled to the hydrogen dispenser WZ.
  • the payment itself can be carried out, for example, with a credit card or the like.
  • first control cabinet SS1 or the first control and the second control cabinet SS2 or the second control, with which the entire energy supply system according to the invention is controlled or regulated, is described in more detail below.
  • the first control cabinet SS1 and the second control cabinet SS2 are connected to one another via a communication link KV.
  • the (not all) control or signal lines are shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 as dashed arrows.
  • the first control cabinet SS1 or the first controller essentially controls and regulates the subsystem shown in FIG. 5 (hot water preparation with the aid of the photovoltaic system).
  • the second control cabinet SS2 or The second control essentially controls or regulates the subsystem shown in FIG. 4 (generating hydrogen with the aid of the photovoltaic system and operating a gas engine with the generated hydrogen).
  • the subsystems shown in FIG. 4 and in FIG. 5 can be operated separately from one another and do not necessarily have to be implemented in the overall system shown in FIG. 3. For a completely self-sufficient supply of a building with electrical and thermal energy, however, it is advantageous if both subsystems are implemented in an energy supply system and are coordinated in a corresponding manner, which is accomplished by the control according to the invention.
  • the current generated by the photovoltaic system PV is fed to the first control cabinet SS1.
  • the first control cabinet SS1 makes this electrical current available to the individual components of the entire energy supply system, the first controller in the first control cabinet SS1 controlling or regulating which component is made available when and how much current.
  • the individual components in the overall system can have sensors that provide corresponding sensor data to the first controller. With the aid of this sensor data, the first controller can control or regulate the individual components of the overall system or the overall system as a whole.
  • the water tank T can have appropriate temperature sensors that report the water temperature to the first controller.
  • the hydrogen tank WT can have a fill level sensor, for example, which informs the first controller of the current fill level.
  • the control or regulation of the generation of hydrogen is generally carried out by the second control in the second control cabinet SS2.
  • the second controller can communicate with the first controller via the communication Communicate KV the current level in the hydrogen tanks WT.
  • the first controller can inform the second controller that the photovoltaic system PV provides excess electricity that could be used for the production of hydrogen.
  • the first controller can also query the current charge level of the batteries.
  • the essential parameters of the power supply system according to the invention, with which the first controller in the first control cabinet SS1 controls or regulates the system, are:
  • the first controller in the first control cabinet SS1 can decide when and how much power is made available to which module.
  • the first controller can use these four parameters to decide which component (photovoltaic system PV or accumulator) should provide the electricity.
  • the first control and the second control are coordinated with one another in such a way that sufficient electrical energy is available for the electrical consumers in the building and sufficient hot water (for example for heating in the building) at all times. These two requirements are therefore met with the highest priority, that is to say, for example, that electricity from the photovoltaic system PV is only used to produce hydrogen, for example, when the supply to the electrical consumers in the building is sufficiently ensured.
  • the first controller can work according to the method described below:
  • the first controller causes the first control cabinet SS1 (i.e. the electronics housed in the control cabinet) to supply the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system directly to the HV home distribution board. - If excess electrical energy is then provided by the photovoltaic system PV, the first controller causes the accumulator to be charged with this excess electrical energy.
  • the excess electrical energy of the photovoltaic system is initially always used to charge the batteries, so that the batteries can be used to ensure that the building is supplied with electrical power for a predetermined period of time (for example at night).
  • the accumulators are dimensioned accordingly.
  • the power supply to the building is taken over by the accumulator.
  • the energy provided by the photovoltaic system is then used to charge the battery.
  • the excess current of the photovoltaic system is used either for heating the water in the water tank T or for producing hydrogen.
  • the first control can determine whether this excess electricity is provided for heating the water or for generating hydrogen Make the water temperature and the current level of the hydrogen tanks dependent. If, for example, the water in the water tank has a temperature close to the permissible minimum temperature and the hydrogen tanks WT are sufficiently filled, the excess electrical current of the photovoltaic system can be used to heat the water. Conversely, the excess electricity can be used to generate hydrogen if the hydrogen tanks have a low filling level and the water temperature in the water tank T is sufficiently high.
  • the first controller can be designed so that part of the excess electricity for hydrogen generation and the other part of the excess electricity for the heating of the water is used. In this case, however, the first controller can also take into account the current hot water consumption and provide all of the excess electricity for the production of hydrogen if no hot water is currently being used.
  • Control can be adapted so that it allows a short-term heating of the water in the water tank T beyond the actually permissible maximum temperature up to a second maximum temperature. If this second maximum temperature is also reached, the first controller can activate the charging station LS in order to charge the battery of the electric vehicle if an electric vehicle is connected to the charging station LS.
  • the first controller can be designed to separate the photovoltaic system from the rest of the system, the excess energy - if possible - to feed into the public grid, or to charge the starter battery SB of the gas engine GM, for example.
  • the control of the energy supply system is adapted such that the first control provides this information to the second controller in the second control cabinet SS2.
  • the second control in the second control cabinet SS2 then takes over the control or the regulation for heating the water in the water tank T.
  • the second controller If there is sufficient hydrogen in the hydrogen tank WT for the operation of the gas engine GM, which the second controller can query with the aid of appropriate fill level sensors, the second controller sends the gas engine GM a start signal which is used to start the gas engine GM. At the same time, the second controller causes the hydrogen treatment WA to process the hydrogen required for the gas engine GM accordingly and to supply it to the gas engine GM. For example, the hydrogen treatment WA can supply oxygen to the hydrogen in order to obtain an optimal fuel mixture for the gas engine.
  • the gas engine GM is used to operate a generator G, the electrical current of which is supplied to the heating elements HS in the water tank T in order to heat the water.
  • the second controller can connect a heat exchanger W with which the heat energy of the coolant of the cooler K of the gas engine GM is supplied to the water in the hydrogen tank.
  • the heat exchanger W can be act a plate heat exchanger which, as already explained above, is coupled to the cooler K and the water tank T via corresponding feed lines VL and return lines RL.
  • the second controller can switch on a condensing boiler with which the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the gas engine is supplied to the water in the water tank.
  • the condensing boiler BW is connected on the one hand to the exhaust A of the gas engine and on the other hand to the water tank via a corresponding flow and return.
  • the heat energy of the exhaust gases is released into the water via a pipe which runs in a spiral in the condensing boiler BW and through which the exhaust gases are passed.
  • the second controller can be designed in such a way that it continuously checks the water temperature of the water in the water tank T and switches off the gas engine GM when a predetermined water temperature is reached.
  • the two controls can be adapted so that the battery is also charged with the help of the gas engine GM or with the help of the generator G assigned to the gas engine. This may be necessary, for example, if the photovoltaic system PV generates no or insufficient electrical current over a longer period of time in order to charge the battery.
  • the first controller can then provide the second controller with information about the communication link KV that the gas engine GM is required to charge the battery.
  • the second control can then start the gas engine GM with a start signal.
  • the generator G itself can also be connected to the second controller via corresponding control lines, so that the second controller can cause the generator G to generate the generated current to the accumulator or the heating element, or to supply both the accumulator and the heating elements.
  • the heat exchanger W and the condensing boiler BW can also be controlled or regulated with the second controller. If, for example, the gas engine GM is only required for the generation of electric current in order to charge the accumulator, the second controller can cause the heat exchanger W to separate from the water circuit of the water tank T or from the coolant circuit of the cooler K.
  • the second control can cause the condensing boiler to feed the exhaust gases from exhaust A directly to the chimney.
  • the second controller can also determine whether the
  • Water in the water tank T can also be heated exclusively with the heat exchanger W and the condensing boiler BW. If this is the case, the second controller can cause the generator G to either supply the electrical current generated by it to the accumulator or alternatively to the hydrogen system in order to generate hydrogen.
  • the entire control system can thus be designed such that the first control system only informs the second control system that the electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic system PV is not sufficient for heating the water in the water tank. How the water in the water tank is heated, however, can only be taken over by the second controller.
  • the second controller can therefore independently decide whether the water in the water tank is heated with electricity from the generator, with the heat exchanger and / or with the condensing boiler.
  • This control ensures that the building can be supplied with sufficient electrical energy as well as sufficient hot water over a predetermined period of time, such as a week or 10 days.
  • a predetermined period of time such as a week or 10 days.
  • the accumulators and the hydrogen tanks must be dimensioned in accordance with this predetermined period.
  • a typical dimensioning for a four-person household is given with reference to FIG. 2.
  • 4 shows a first subsystem or subsystem of the energy supply system according to the invention. As explained above with reference to FIG. 3, this first subsystem can also be operated independently of the other components of the energy supply system or independently of the second subsystem shown in FIG. 5.
  • the first subsystem or subsystem comprises the photovoltaic system, the hydrogen system and the gas engine.
  • the photovoltaic system consists essentially of the photovoltaic system PV, the inverter WR and the protection mechanism SM.
  • the hydrogen system essentially consists of the device WE for generating hydrogen, one or more hydrogen tanks WT and a hydrogen treatment plant WA.
  • the hydrogen system generates and processes hydrogen so that it can be used as a fuel for the GM gas engine.
  • the first subsystem comprises at least the second control cabinet SS2 or the second controller.
  • the second control in the second control cabinet SS2 is adapted such that it can accomplish the complete regulation and control of the hydrogen generation and hydrogen treatment with the help of the electrical current provided by the photovoltaic system PV.
  • the first switch cabinet SS1 shown in FIG. 4 or the first controller can also be provided only as an optional component.
  • the second controller can start the device WE for generating hydrogen in order to generate hydrogen, which is then stored in the hydrogen tanks WT.
  • the second controller can determine the current level via level sensors located on or in the hydrogen tanks WT. convey. If a certain fill level or a certain pressure is reached in the hydrogen tanks WT, the second controller causes the device WE to stop generating hydrogen.
  • the second control is also adapted to start the gas engine GM and at the same time to start the hydrogen treatment WA.
  • the hydrogen treatment WA for example, oxygen is added to the hydrogen removed from the water tank WT in order to generate an optimal fuel mixture for the gas engine GM.
  • the hydrogen treatment WA is adapted to possibly reduce the pressure of the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tanks.
  • the second controller advantageously has a connection via which the second controller is supplied with information which indicates whether the gas engine GM is required, i.e. must be started.
  • This information can be received by the second controller, for example from the first controller in the first control cabinet SS 1, which, as explained with reference to FIG. 3, decides whether the current provided by the photovoltaic system PV for heating the water in the water - sertank T is sufficient, or whether the gas engine GM is also required to heat the water. If the gas engine GM is required for this, the first controller can transmit the corresponding information to the second controller via the communication link KV.
  • the second controller can also be adapted to the generator G coupled to the gas engine GM and / or a heat exchanger W coupled to the gas engine and / or a condensing boiler BW coupled to the gas engine Taxes.
  • the gas engine GM or the generator G of the gas engine GM can also be coupled to an accumulator in order to charge it.
  • the accumulator is only an optional unit of the subsystem described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • this subsystem can also be used or operated without hydrogen treatment WA and without gas engine GM.
  • this subsystem is intended exclusively for the production of hydrogen using the electrical current of a photovoltaic system PV.
  • the second controller can advantageously be adapted such that it always starts the hydrogen generation when it determines that the photovoltaic system PV is generating electrical current, or excess electrical current is available from the photovoltaic system PV.
  • the generated hydrogen can also be provided for refueling a vehicle powered by hydrogen.
  • a hydrogen dispenser WZ can be provided, which is coupled or can be coupled either to the hydrogen tank WT or to the hydrogen treatment WA, depending on whether the hydrogen is to be supplied to the vehicle's tank or not.
  • the hydrogen dispenser WZ can have a billing system with which the hydrogen removed can be billed or paid for.
  • a device can be provided which enables payment by bank card, credit card or the like.
  • the hydrogen generated can thus be made available to the public in order to refuel hydrogen-powered vehicles. Under optimal conditions, the system according to the invention can be amortized in 2 to 3 years.
  • a major advantage of providing a hydrogen dispenser WZ is that the hydrogen does not have to be transported to refuel vehicles that are powered by hydrogen, for example to a petrol station, which can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen.
  • Fig. 5 shows a second subsystem or subsystem of the energy supply system according to the invention.
  • This second subsystem can be operated independently of the first subsystem or from the other components of the energy supply system.
  • This second subsystem essentially comprises the photovoltaic system PV, the inverter WR, the protective mechanism SM, a first control cabinet or a first control, an accumulator and a water tank T, the contents of which can be heated with at least one heating element HS.
  • the first control in the first control cabinet SS1 is adapted such that the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system PV can be fed directly to the heating element HS via the control cabinet SS1.
  • the first controller is coupled to a temperature sensor of the water tank T in order to control or regulate the current supply to the heating element HS as a function of the temperature in the water tank. If a certain temperature of the water in the hydrogen tank T is reached, the first controller can interrupt the power supply to the heating element HS and thus further warming up.
  • the first control can cause the first control cabinet SS1, which it generated from the photovoltaic system, to store electrical energy in an accumulator.
  • the accumulator is coupled to the first controller via a control line, so that the first controller can monitor the charge status of the accumulator.
  • the first control can also be adapted to heat the heating element HS with electrical current from the accumulator or, if the electrical power provided by the photovoltaic system PV is insufficient, around the heating element HS warm up to a certain temperature, additionally supply electrical current from the accumulator to the heating element HS.
  • sensors can be arranged in the water tank or in the feed and / or return lines of the water tank, with which sensors the hot water consumption can be measured.
  • the data from these sensors can also be fed to the first controller, so that the first controller can selectively apply more current to the heating elements HS when there is an increased consumption of hot water and, if necessary, can switch on the accumulator for heating the heating element.
  • the charging station LS can also be provided in order to charge the energy store of electric vehicles.
  • the charging station can be coupled to the accumulator or to the first control cabinet SS1.
  • the charging station LS can have a billing system with which the electricity withdrawn can be billed or paid for.
  • a device can be provided with which payment by bank card, credit card or the like is made possible.
  • the electrical current generated can thus be made available to the public in order to charge electricity-powered vehicles.
  • the system according to the invention can be amortized in 2 to 3 years.
  • HS heating system e.g. heating element of the water tank T
  • WE hydrogen generating device for generating hydrogen

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour commander et réguler un système d'alimentation en énergie, ce système comprenant un système photovoltaïque, un système à hydrogène, un système à eau chaude, un accumulateur et un moteur.
PCT/EP2018/068409 2018-07-06 2018-07-06 Système d'alimentation en énergie WO2020007490A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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EP18740765.5A EP3818610A1 (fr) 2018-07-06 2018-07-06 Système d'alimentation en énergie
PCT/EP2018/068409 WO2020007490A1 (fr) 2018-07-06 2018-07-06 Système d'alimentation en énergie

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WO2020007490A1 true WO2020007490A1 (fr) 2020-01-09

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014122399A (ja) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Toshiba Corp 水素電力供給システム

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014122399A (ja) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Toshiba Corp 水素電力供給システム

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CAO SUNLIANG ET AL: "The techno-economic analysis of a hybrid zero-emission building system integrated with a commercial-scale zero-emission hydrogen vehicle", APPLIED ENERGY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, GB, vol. 211, 22 November 2017 (2017-11-22), pages 639 - 661, XP085415349, ISSN: 0306-2619, DOI: 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.11.079 *

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