WO2020004612A1 - 車載アンテナ装置 - Google Patents

車載アンテナ装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020004612A1
WO2020004612A1 PCT/JP2019/025780 JP2019025780W WO2020004612A1 WO 2020004612 A1 WO2020004612 A1 WO 2020004612A1 JP 2019025780 W JP2019025780 W JP 2019025780W WO 2020004612 A1 WO2020004612 A1 WO 2020004612A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
length
vehicle
antenna device
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2019/025780
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勇介 横田
大幹 望月
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yokowo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yokowo Co Ltd
Yokowo Mfg Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yokowo Co Ltd, Yokowo Mfg Co Ltd filed Critical Yokowo Co Ltd
Priority to US17/253,145 priority Critical patent/US11509044B2/en
Priority to JP2020527677A priority patent/JP7293222B2/ja
Publication of WO2020004612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020004612A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low-profile vehicle-mounted antenna device.
  • an antenna device disclosed in Patent Document 1 As an on-vehicle antenna device having a low profile, an antenna device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
  • This antenna device includes an insulating element holder erected on an antenna base, an umbrella-shaped element fixed to an upper part of the element holder, and a coil forming an antenna unit together with the umbrella-shaped element.
  • the umbrella-shaped element is a plate-shaped conductor in which the first inclined portion and the top portion and the second inclined portion and the top portion are respectively continuous, and the gain is increased by increasing the area as much as possible.
  • the umbrella-shaped element is plate-shaped, and the first inclined portion and the top portion and the second inclined portion and the top portion are respectively continuous. Therefore, there is a problem that the antenna characteristics of the elements of the other antennas arranged in the common case are affected.
  • the gain decreases due to interference with the umbrella-shaped element, and the difference between the maximum and minimum gains of directivity in the horizontal plane increases.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an in-vehicle antenna device that suppresses a decrease in gain of another antenna element and an increase in maximum and minimum gain differences in directivity in a horizontal plane.
  • An in-vehicle antenna device has an antenna base portion attachable to a vehicle, and a first element and a second element that are installed on the antenna base portion so as to be separated from each other.
  • One element is a first antenna for a first frequency band
  • the second element is a part of a second antenna for a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, and turns in a predetermined direction.
  • a pair of repeating linear conductors has a three-dimensional shape connected by linear connecting conductors extending in the width direction of the antenna base portion.
  • the length of the folded portion of the linear conductor is equal to the It is characterized by a non-resonant length of one antenna.
  • an in-vehicle antenna device includes an antenna base that can be mounted on a vehicle, and a first element and a second element that are separately installed on the antenna base.
  • the first element is a first antenna for a first frequency band
  • the second element is a part of a second antenna for a second frequency band different from the first frequency band and has an upper edge.
  • the interference between the first antenna and the second antenna is suppressed, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the gain of the first antenna unit and an increase in the maximum / minimum gain difference in directivity in a horizontal plane. .
  • FIG. 4 is an external view of the top, front, and side surfaces of the vehicle-mounted antenna device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structural example of an antenna unit of the vehicle-mounted antenna device.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view, a top view, a front view, and a perspective view of a lateral element which is a first example of the capacitive loading element.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a broken line part in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for defining a direction and an elevation angle as viewed from a patch antenna.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the lateral element according to the first embodiment and the lateral element according to Modification 1 in which the pitch is changed.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a pitch-gain characteristic for each elevation angle of a patch antenna using the pitch of a lateral element as a parameter.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a line width-gain characteristic for each elevation angle of a patch antenna using the line width of a lateral element as a parameter.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the lateral element according to the embodiment and the lateral element according to Modification 2 in which the length in the front-rear direction is changed.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the length-gain characteristics of the patch antenna for each elevation angle, using the length of the lateral element in the front-rear direction as a parameter.
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a maximum and minimum gain difference of the patch antenna at an elevation angle of 0 degree of the patch antenna using the length of the lateral element in the front-back direction as a parameter.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view, a top view, a front view, and a perspective view of a vertical element according to a second embodiment of the capacitive loading element.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a pitch-gain characteristic for each elevation angle of a patch antenna using the pitch of a vertical element as a parameter.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating frequency-gain characteristics of a patch antenna when a vertical element is present and when a comparative example element is present.
  • the side view perspective view which shows the modification of 1st Example.
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of an upper surface, a front surface, and a side surface of a vehicle-mounted antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This in-vehicle antenna device is installed, for example, on a vehicle roof.
  • the forward direction of the vehicle is referred to as “front” or “forward”
  • the opposite direction is referred to as “rear” or “rearward”.
  • the right side in the forward direction of the vehicle is referred to as “right” or “right direction”
  • the left side in the forward direction is referred to as "left” or “left direction”.
  • the direction of gravity of the vehicle is referred to as “down” or “down”
  • the opposite direction is referred to as "up” or "up”.
  • the in-vehicle antenna device includes a case portion 100 made of a synthetic resin having radio wave permeability in which a storage space for storing the antenna portion is formed, and an antenna base portion 30 attachable to a vehicle. Is done.
  • the antenna base portion 30 has a substantially elliptical shape, and is mounted such that the central axis in the longitudinal direction is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle. That is, the front of the vehicle is in front of the antenna base 30 (the case 100), the rear of the vehicle is behind the antenna base 30 (the case 100), and the width direction of the vehicle is the width of the antenna base 30 (the case 100).
  • the case part 100 is formed into a streamlined shape that is thinner and lower toward the front and has a curved side surface inward (toward the central axis in the longitudinal direction), and is fitted on the outer edge of the antenna base part 30. You.
  • the length of the case portion 100 in the longitudinal direction is about 180 mm
  • the length in the width direction is about 70 mm
  • the upper length (height) is about 70 mm.
  • the antenna base unit 30 is provided with a capture unit 31 for fixing to the vehicle roof and taking ground.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structural example of the antenna unit of the vehicle-mounted antenna device.
  • the antenna unit includes two elements installed on the antenna base unit 30 apart from each other.
  • One element (first element) is a patch antenna 10 that can receive a SDARS (satellite digital audio service: a general term including XM and Sirius) band (first frequency band).
  • the patch antenna 10 is a kind of a planar antenna and has a substantially circular polarization characteristic.
  • the SDARS band is 2320 MHz to 2345 MHz, and one wavelength of 2332.5 MHz, which is the center frequency of the used (receivable) frequency band (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “used frequency”), is about 128 mm.
  • the resonance frequency that is, the wavelength of the used frequency is referred to as “resonance length”.
  • the resonance length corresponds to an integral multiple of 4 of the wavelength ⁇ of the working frequency. All wavelengths at frequencies other than the resonance frequency have a non-resonance length.
  • a resonance type antenna such as an FM antenna or a patch antenna
  • the conductor has a non-resonance length, it is impossible to receive a signal at a level to obtain a desired gain.
  • another antenna arranged in the same case is configured with the resonance length of the patch antenna 10, the electric characteristics of the patch antenna 10 are affected.
  • the other element is the capacity loading element 22.
  • the capacitive loading element 22 resonates in the FM wave band when the helical element 21 as an inductor is connected, and becomes a part of the AM / FM antenna 20 that also receives the AM wave band.
  • the distance D between the patch antenna 10 and the front end of the capacitive loading element 22 varies depending on the structure of the capacitive loading element 22, but is generally about 20 mm, which is about ⁇ of the wavelength ⁇ of the operating frequency of the patch antenna 10.
  • the capacitance loading element 22 is a three-dimensional element that has an upper end (upper edge) and a lower end (lower edge) that are substantially parallel to the antenna base 30.
  • the upper end and the lower end are each provided as a pair.
  • Each upper end and each lower end face each other via a gap.
  • the capacitive loading element 22 is, for example, a pair of linear conductors that repeat turns in a meander shape, and a linear connection in which the capacitive loading element 22 is formed into a three-dimensional shape by coupling these linear conductors. And a conductor.
  • the capacity loading element 22 can be the following two types of elements depending on the direction of the turn.
  • a pair of linear conductors each repeating a turn in the front-rear direction is connected by a connection conductor extending in the width direction. For example, after the turn is repeated in the front-rear direction and the direction approaching the antenna base 30, the direction is changed in the width direction, and then the turn is repeated in the front-rear direction so as to move away from the antenna base 30.
  • a capacity loading element 22 is referred to as a “lateral element” for convenience.
  • a pair of linear conductors that repeat turns in the vertical direction are connected by linear connecting conductors extending in the width direction. For example, after a turn is repeated in the vertical direction so as to extend in the forward or rearward direction, the direction is changed in the width direction, and then, the turn in the vertical direction is repeated so as to extend in the opposite direction from before the change in direction.
  • the capacity loading element 22 in such an embodiment is referred to as a “longitudinal element” for convenience.
  • the capacity loading element 22 is a horizontal element and a vertical element will be described.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view, top view, front view, and perspective view of a lateral element.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a broken line portion in FIG.
  • the horizontal element 221 is formed by connecting a pair of linear conductors in a meandering shape (hereinafter, referred to as a “meander element”; the same applies hereinafter) 2211 and 2212 by a connecting portion 2213 which is the above-described connecting conductor. It is formed into a three-dimensional shape.
  • the length of the turned portion (turned portion) is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length h1 of one side of the conductor extending in the vertical direction is 8 mm.
  • the length L1 in the front-rear direction (the length in the longitudinal direction of the upper end portion and the lower end portion) is 50 mm, and the length of the connecting portion 2213 extending in the width direction is 15 mm. Therefore, the lateral element 221 has no effect on the patch antenna 10 or has little effect.
  • the length H1 of each of the meander elements 2211 and 2212 in the vertical direction (the length between the upper end and the lower end) is 30 mm.
  • H1 indicates, for example, the length of a specific point in the front-rear direction of the upper end, and the intersection of a virtual line along the shape of the element vertically from the specific point and the virtual line in the front-rear direction of the lower end.
  • the length h1 of one side of the conductor extending in the up-down direction of each of the meander elements 2211 and 2212, the length L1 in the front-rear direction, and the length of the connecting portion 2213 are examples, and h1 (the portion where the capacitive loading element 22 turns)
  • the length H1, the length L1, and the length of the connecting portion 2213 in the vertical direction can be changed as appropriate.
  • the number of turns may be changed as necessary, and the length H1 in the up-down direction may be changed accordingly.
  • the length outside the turning portion is h1 and this h1 is a non-resonance length, it is more preferable that the length inside the turning portion also has a non-resonance length.
  • the line width W11 of the linear conductor (the outer diameter in the case of the linear conductor) and the pitch P11 of the distance between the center axes of the adjacent linear conductors are different from those of the patch antenna 10 and the AM / AM.
  • the line width W11 is about 2 mm and the pitch P11 is about 6 mm.
  • the connecting portion 2213 is the same wire as the helical element 21 and the meander elements 2211 and 2212.
  • the helical element 21, the meander elements 2211 and 2212, and the connecting portion 2213 have the same cross-sectional shape and outer diameter, and are integrally formed. More specifically, the helical element 21, the meander elements 2211 and 2212, and the connecting portion 2213 are integrally formed from a single wire such as a copper wire.
  • the helical element 21, the meander elements 2211 and 2212, and the connecting portion 2213 may be connected independently by soldering or the like.
  • the helical element 21, the respective meander elements 2211 and 2212, and the connecting portion 2213 may be formed of wires of the same material, or may be formed of wires of the same cross-sectional shape and outer diameter but different materials. Is also good.
  • the helical element 21 as an inductor may be formed of the same member as the meander elements 2211 and 2212 or a linear conductor having the same cross-sectional shape.
  • the helical element 21 having the same cross-sectional shape and outer diameter may be connected to each of the meander elements 2211 and 2212 and the connecting portion 2213 formed by processing a metal part such as a sheet metal by soldering or the like.
  • the pair of meander elements 2211 and 2212 that repeat the -turn form a symmetrical shape about a plane (virtual plane) orthogonal to the antenna base 30.
  • a plane virtual plane
  • it is formed in a C shape (a shape in which the lines are separated from each other in the inverted V shape) when viewed from the front.
  • the distance from the virtual surface to the pair of upper ends is equal, and the distance from the virtual surface to the pair of lower ends is equal.
  • the gap between the pair of lower ends is larger than the gap between the pair of upper ends.
  • a metal plate may be arranged between the helical element 21 and the capacity loading element 22, and the helical element 21 and the capacity loading element 22 may be connected via the metal plate by, for example, soldering.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for defining the elevation angle as viewed from the patch antenna 10.
  • the upward direction is particularly referred to as the “zenith direction”.
  • the elevation angle is 90 degrees.
  • the elevation angles in the front-rear direction and the width direction are 0 degrees.
  • An elevation angle of 0 degrees is for receiving terrestrial waves.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of a lateral element 221 and a lateral element 221 ′ according to a first modification in which the pitch P11 is changed.
  • the meander element 2211 'of the horizontal element 221' has the same length (height) H1, vertical length L1, and line width W11 as the meander element 2211 of the embodiment shown in FIG. ,
  • the pitch P12 is about 3 mm, which is half of the pitch P11 (about 6 mm).
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the pitch-gain characteristics of the FM wave band when the pitch of the horizontal element 221 (P11: Pitch: mm) is used as a parameter.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram showing the line width (W11 : Mm) is a diagram showing a line width-gain characteristic of an FM wave band when a parameter is used.
  • the gain (average gain: dB) of the lateral element 221 in the FM band increases as the pitch of the meander element 2211 increases and as the line width of the meander element 2211 increases. I do.
  • FIG. 8A is a diagram showing a frequency-gain characteristic of the AM waveband using the pitch (P11: Pitch: mm) of the horizontal element 221 as a parameter
  • FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a line width (W11: mm) of the horizontal element 221.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing frequency-gain characteristics of an AM waveband with parameters ()).
  • FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a pitch-gain characteristic for each elevation angle of the patch antenna 10 using the pitch (P11: Pitch: mm) of the horizontal element 221 as a parameter
  • FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a line width-gain characteristic for each elevation angle of the patch antenna 10 using W11: mm) as a parameter.
  • the gain in the zenith direction (elevation angle 90 degrees) (average gain in horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is 4.4 when the pitch P11 of the meander element 2211 is 3 mm, 4.5 at 7.5 mm, and 4.6 at 10 mm.
  • the gain (Gain: dBic) at an elevation angle of 60 degrees is 3.9 when the pitch P11 of the meander element 2211 is 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the gain (Gain: dBic) at an elevation angle of 30 degrees is 2.3 when the pitch P11 of the meander element 2211 is 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the elevation angle of 0 degree, that is, the gain in the horizontal direction (Gain: dBic) is -5.9 when the pitch P11 of the meander element 2211 is 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the pitch P11 and the line width W11 of the meander element 2211 have little effect on the gain in the SDARS band, and therefore, the pitch P11 and the line width for optimizing the gain of the AM wave band and the FM wave band. W11 is good.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the lateral element 221 and the lateral element 221 ′′ according to Modification 2 in which the length in the front-rear direction is changed.
  • the meander element 2211 ′′ of the lateral element 221 ′′ has the same pitch (P11) and line width (W11) as the meander element 2211 according to the embodiment, but the length L2 in the front-rear direction is the length in the front-rear direction. It differs in that it is longer than L1.
  • FIG. 11A is an explanatory diagram of the length-gain characteristics of the patch antenna 10 at each elevation angle using the length of the lateral element 221 in the front-rear direction as a parameter.
  • FIG. 11B is the maximum and minimum of the patch antenna 10 at the elevation angle of 0 degree.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a gain difference.
  • the elevation angle of 0 degree is the front-rear direction and the width direction on a plane parallel to the antenna base 30.
  • the gain at an elevation angle of 90 degrees (average gain in horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is 5.7 at 20 mm in the front-rear direction, 5.6 at 30 mm, 3.2 at 40 mm, 4.0 at 50 mm, and 4.0 at 60 mm. It is 4.9 at 5, 70 mm, 4.8 at 80 mm, 4.9 at 90 mm, and 5.2 at 100 mm. That is, it is substantially constant between 60 mm and 90 mm.
  • the maximum / minimum gain difference at an elevation angle of 0 ° increases sharply when the length of the lateral element 221 in the front-rear direction is 90 mm or more. This length corresponds to about 3 of one wavelength of the working frequency of the SDARS waveband. Therefore, it is desirable that the length in the front-rear direction be set to a value other than the resonance length of the patch antenna 10 and not to exceed 90 mm. Even if the length in the front-rear direction is, for example, about 40 mm, the performance required in actual use is satisfied. Therefore, the length in the front-rear direction should be considered in optimizing the gain of the AM wave band and the FM wave band. Is enough.
  • the inventors of the present application created a comparative example element in order to clarify the difference in the configuration and the operation and effect between the lateral element 221 having the configuration according to the first embodiment and the element disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • the antenna characteristics were simulated.
  • the capacitive loading element 22 was formed into an umbrella shape having the shape and size shown in the side, top, front, and perspective appearance views of FIG. Things.
  • the entire comparative example antenna is referred to as an “umbrella-shaped element”.
  • the umbrella-shaped element 225 has a three-dimensional shape in which a pair of inclined portions 2251 and 252 continuously extend from a top portion 2253, as shown in the front and perspective structures in FIG. 12, and only the lower end portion is open.
  • the inclined portions 2251 and 2252 have the same shape and size, and have a length L1 in the front-rear direction, a length H1 in the up-down direction, a point symmetrical with respect to a plane (virtual plane) orthogonal to the antenna base, and a virtual shape.
  • the gradient with respect to the plane is the same as that of the lateral element 221 according to the first embodiment.
  • the material, thickness, and the like are the same as those of the lateral element 221.
  • FIG. 13 shows a comparison example of the frequency-gain characteristics of the patch antenna 10 when the lateral element 221 is present in the capacitive loading element 22 according to the first embodiment and when the umbrella element 225 is present.
  • the horizontal axis in FIG. 13 is the frequency (2320 MHz to 2345 MHz) of the SDARS band, and the vertical axis is the average gain (dBic) in the horizontal plane at an elevation angle of 90 degrees.
  • the solid line shows the characteristic when the horizontal element 221 is present, and the broken line shows the characteristic when the umbrella element 225 is present.
  • the gain (dBic) of the patch antenna 10 is 3.51 at 2320 MHz in the low band, 3.98 at 2332.5 MHz of the used frequency, and 4.04 at 2345 MHz in the high band. .
  • the gain (dBic) of the patch antenna 10 is 4.03 at 2320 MHz in the low band, 4.49 at 2332.5 MHz of the used frequency, and 449 at 2345 MHz in the high band. .70.
  • FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the maximum / minimum gain difference (dB) of the patch antenna 10 at the used frequency (2332.5 MHz) in the SDARS band when the elevation angle is 0 degree
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the directivity characteristics of the patch antenna 10;
  • the scale (0 to -20) of the directivity characteristic is a circular polarization gain (dBic), and the upper part of the figure is the front direction and the lower part of the figure is the rear direction.
  • the maximum / minimum gain difference (dB) of the patch antenna 10 is 10.1 when the capacitive loading element 22 is the umbrella-shaped element 225, and is reduced to 2.5 when the capacitive element 22 is the lateral element 221.
  • the gain in the width direction (left-right direction) is sharply reduced, whereas in the case of the horizontal element 221, the gain is obtained evenly in almost all directions. I understand. That is, when the lateral element 221 is used as the capacity loading element 22, the effect of reducing the maximum / minimum gain difference of the terrestrial wave is remarkably excellent.
  • the effect regarding the maximum / minimum gain difference will be described in detail. If the length h1 of one side of the conductor extending in the vertical direction in the capacitive loading element 22 is the resonance length of the SDARS band, a vertical current is generated in the capacitive loading element 22. At this time, the directional characteristics become maximum in the front-back direction (horizontal direction) of the capacity loading element 22. This causes interference with the terrestrial (horizontal) directional characteristics of the patch antenna 10 and increases the maximum / minimum gain difference.
  • the umbrella-shaped element 225 has a length h1 of 30 mm.
  • the conductor has a meander structure in which the length h1 of one side of the conductor extending in the vertical direction is turned back so as not to be the resonance length of the SDARS band.
  • the length h1 is about 8 mm. That is, the linear conductor of the capacitive loading element 22 repeats the turn in the front-rear direction of the antenna base portion, and the vertical length of the turned portion of the linear conductor is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length h1 is the non-resonant length in the SDARS band, no vertical current is generated, and the terrestrial directivity of the patch antenna 10 is not affected.
  • FIG. 15 is an external view of the side, top, front, and perspective views of the vertical element.
  • the vertical element 222 is formed into a three-dimensional shape by connecting a pair of meander elements 2221 and 2222 with a connecting portion 2223 that is a connecting conductor.
  • the vertical element 222 differs from the horizontal element 221 of the first embodiment only in the direction of the turn of the linear conductor, and has a length L1 in the front-rear direction, a length (H1) in the vertical direction, a line width, a pitch, and the like. ,
  • the length H1 of each of the meander elements 2221 and 2222 in the vertical direction 222 is 30 mm.
  • the length of the turned portion is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length l1 of one side of the conductor extending in the front-rear direction at the portion where the capacitive loading element 22 turns is 8 mm.
  • the length of the connecting portion 2223 is 15 mm, and each is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10. Therefore, the vertical element 222 has no effect on the patch antenna 10 or has little effect.
  • the length L1 of each meander element 2221, 2222 in the front-rear direction is 50 mm.
  • the length l1 of one side of the meander elements 2222 and 2222 extending in the front-rear direction and the length of the connecting portion 2223 are examples, and l1 (one side of the conductor extending in the front-rear direction in the portion where the capacitive loading element 22 turns) Is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10, the length H1 in the up-down direction, the length L1 in the front-rear direction, and the length of the connecting portion 2223 can be changed as appropriate. For example, the number of turns may be changed as necessary, and the length L1 in the front-rear direction may be changed accordingly.
  • the length outside the turning portion is assumed to be l1 and this l1 is a non-resonance length, it is more preferable that the length inside the turning portion also has a non-resonance length.
  • FIG. 16 is a side view of a vertical element 222 and a vertical element 222 ′ according to a third modification in which the pitch P21 of 6 mm is changed to the pitch P22 of 3 mm.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a gain characteristic of the patch antenna 10 at each elevation angle using the pitch P21 of the vertical element 222 as a parameter.
  • the gain in the zenith direction (elevation angle 90 degrees) (average gain in the horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is 5.5 when the pitch P21 of the vertical element 222 is 3 mm, 5.5 when the pitch is 5 mm, 5.6 and 7.5 mm when the pitch 6 mm is 6 mm.
  • the gain at an elevation angle of 60 degrees (average gain in the horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is 4.5 at 5 mm, 4.5 at 6 mm, 4.5 at 6 mm, 4.5 at 7.5 mm, and 4.6 at 10 mm. It is.
  • the gain at an elevation angle of 30 degrees (average gain in horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is 2.0 at 5 mm, 1.9 at 5 mm, 1.9 at 6 mm, 1.9 at 7.5 mm, 1.8 at 7.5 mm. It is.
  • the gain at an elevation angle of 0 degree (average gain in horizontal plane Gain: dBic) is as follows: pitch P21 is -5.5 at 3 mm, -5.5 at 5 mm, -5.5 at 6 mm, -5.5 at 6 mm, -5.5, 10 mm at 7.5 mm Is -5.6. That is, also in the case of the vertical element 222, the pitch P21 has a small effect on the gain in the SDARS band, so that the pitch P21 that optimizes the gain in the AM wave band and the FM wave band is sufficient.
  • FIG. 18 shows a comparison diagram of the frequency-gain characteristics of the patch antenna 10 when the vertical element 222 exists and when the umbrella element 225 exists.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 18 indicates the frequency (2320 MHz to 2345 MHz) of the SDARS band, and the vertical axis indicates the average gain (dBic) in the horizontal plane at an elevation angle of 90 degrees.
  • the solid line indicates the characteristic in the case of the vertical element 222, and the broken line indicates the characteristic in the case of the umbrella element 225.
  • the gain (dBic) of the patch antenna 10 is 3.51 at 2320 MHz in the low band, 3.98 at 2332.5 MHz of the used frequency, and 4.04 at 2345 MHz in the high band. This is as described in the first embodiment.
  • the gain (dBic) of the patch antenna 10 is 5.23 at 2320 MHz in the low band, 5.56 at 2332.5 MHz of the used frequency, and 556 at 2345 MHz in the high band. .51.
  • the gain at the elevation angle of 90 degrees is improved over the entire frequency band.
  • FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the maximum / minimum gain difference (dB) of the patch antenna 10 at the operating frequency (2332.5 MHz) in the SDARS band when the elevation angle is 0 degree
  • FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the directivity characteristics of the antenna 10.
  • the scale (0 to -20) of the directivity characteristic is a circular polarization gain (dBic), and the upper part of the figure is the front direction and the lower part of the figure is the rear direction.
  • the maximum / minimum gain difference (dB) of the patch antenna 10 is 10.1 in the case of the umbrella-shaped element 225, and 9.8 in the vertical element 222, which are almost the same.
  • the length l1 of one side of the conductor extending in the front-rear direction in the capacitive loading element 22 is the resonance length of the SDARS band
  • a longitudinal current is generated in the capacitive loading element 22.
  • the directional characteristics are maximum in the vertical direction (vertical direction) of the capacitive loading element 22. This causes interference with the directional characteristics of the patch antenna 10 in the vertical direction.
  • a meander structure is formed by folding back so that the length l1 of one side of the conductor extending in the front-rear direction does not become the resonance length of the SDARS band.
  • the length 11 is about 8 mm.
  • the linear conductor of the capacitive loading element 22 repeats the vertical turn of the antenna base portion, and the length of the turned portion of the linear conductor in the front-rear direction is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length 11 is the non-resonant length of the SDARS band, no current is generated in the front-rear direction, and the directivity of the patch antenna 10 in the vertical direction is not affected.
  • the antenna unit having the horizontal element 221 according to the first embodiment (the former) and the antenna unit including the vertical element 222 according to the second embodiment (the latter) are substantially equivalent in the FM wave band and the AM wave band. It has been found that gain can be obtained. That is, the gain (average gain: dB) in the FM wave band is -0.35 for the former and -0.44 for the latter. The gain (average gain: dB) of the AM waveband at 500 kHz is -0.95 for the former and -0.81 for the latter.
  • the meander element (horizontal element 221 or vertical element 222) is used as the capacitive loading element 22, the degree of coupling with the patch antenna 10 is reduced, and interference is further suppressed. Is done.
  • the horizontal element 221 has a remarkable effect of reducing the elevation angle of 0 degree, that is, the maximum / minimum gain difference of the terrestrial wave
  • the vertical element 222 has a remarkable effect of improving the gain in the zenith direction. Therefore, the horizontal element 221 and the vertical element 222 can be used properly according to the application.
  • the length H1 in the vertical direction, the front and rear The length L1 in the direction and the length of the connecting portion 2213 may be the resonance length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length H1 in the vertical direction and the length of the connecting portion 2213 may be the resonance length of the patch antenna 10, but may be the resonance length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the vertical length H1 The length L1 in the front-back direction and the length of the connecting portion 2213 may be the resonance length.
  • the length L1 in the front-rear direction and the length of the connecting portion 2223 may be the resonance length of the patch antenna 10, but the vertical length L1 may be the resonance length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the terrestrial directional characteristics of the patch antenna 10 can be improved.
  • the vertical length H1, the front-back length L1, and the length of the connecting portion 2213 may be the non-resonant length.
  • the length H1, the length L1 in the front-rear direction, and the length of the connecting portion 2213 may be the non-resonance length.
  • the capacitance loading element 22 is such that at least one of the length of each of the pair of upper ends or the pair of lower ends and the length between the upper and lower ends is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10. There may be.
  • the capacitance loading element 22 has a three-dimensional shape having a pair of upper ends and a pair of lower ends opposed to each other with a gap therebetween, and the length of each of the pair of upper ends or the pair of lower ends, and Since at least one of the lengths between the upper end and the lower end is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10, even when the capacitive loading element 22 exists near the patch antenna 10, mutual interference is suppressed.
  • the capacity loading element 22 (the meander elements 2211 and 2212 and the connecting portion 2213 or the meander elements 2221 and 2222 and the connecting portion 2223) and the helical element 21 have the same cross-sectional shape and outer shape.
  • the embodiments are not limited to this.
  • the capacity loading element 22 and the helical element 21 may be different in at least one of the cross-sectional shape and the outer shape.
  • FIG. 20 is a side perspective view showing a modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example of the lateral element 221.
  • the meander elements 2211 and 2212 and the connecting portion 2213 are linear conductors formed by processing metal parts of the same material, and are fixed to the resin holder 22a.
  • the helical element 21 is configured by winding one conductor wire around a resin holder 21a.
  • the meander elements 2211 and 2212 and the connecting portion 2213 and the helical element 21 have different cross-sectional shapes and outer shapes.
  • the connecting portion 2213 is provided with a structure that can tie one end of the helical element. For example, at a portion C in FIG.
  • the capacity loading element 22 and the helical element 21 are electrically connected by soldering or the like. Also in such a modification, the length of each of the pair of upper ends or the pair of lower ends of the lateral element 221 is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10. The vertical length of the turning portion of the horizontal element 221 is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the vertical element 222 has a similar structure.
  • the meander elements 2221 and 2222 and the connecting portion 2223 are linear conductors formed by processing metal parts of the same material, and are fixed to the resin holder 22a.
  • the helical element 21 is configured by winding one conductor wire around the resin holder 21a.
  • the meander elements 2221 and 2222 and the connecting portion 2223 and the helical element 21 have different cross-sectional shapes and outer shapes.
  • the length of each of the pair of upper ends or the pair of lower ends of the vertical element 222 is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length in the front-rear direction of the turning portion of the vertical element 222 is the non-resonant length of the patch antenna 10.
  • the length of the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the capacitive loading element 22 is set to 3/4 or less of the wavelength ⁇ of the operating frequency of the patch antenna 10 has been described.
  • the directional element 222 it can be less than 1 / of the wavelength ⁇ of the working frequency.
  • the element may have a planar shape, a net shape, a fractal shape, or a zigzag shape.
  • at least one of the length in the front-rear direction of the upper end, the length in the front-rear direction of the lower end, and the length between the upper end and the lower end of the capacitive loading element 22 is the non-resonance of the first antenna. Long.
  • the meander element may be formed on a surface of a resin holder having a surface. In this way, the length in the horizontal direction and the length in the vertical direction can be reduced by the amount of the dielectric constant.
  • a pattern such as a horizontal element, a vertical element, a net-like element, a fractal element, or a zigzag element is formed on the surface of the holder using a conductive paint.
  • the shape of the holder may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or another shape.
  • the example of the patch antenna 10 for receiving the SDARS band has been described as an example of the first antenna.
  • the first antenna may be a frequency band other than the AM wave band and the FM wave band, for example, GNSS. (Global Navigation Satellite System) Other types of antennas that receive signals in the band may be used.
  • the capacitive loading element 22 using the meander element is a horizontal element or a vertical element has been described, but the embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the linear conductor in the capacitive loading element 22 may have a region that repeats a turn in the front-rear direction and a region that repeats a turn in the vertical direction.
  • the capacitive loading element 22 has been described as having a shape in which the upper and lower ends of the three-dimensional element are open, the present invention can also be applied to an element in which the upper end of the three-dimensional element is not open. is there. That is, the capacity loading element 22 may be an umbrella-shaped element having a top. In such a case, the umbrella-shaped capacity loading element 22 has at least one of a length in the front-rear direction of the upper edge, a length in the front-rear direction of the lower edge, and a length between the upper edge and the lower edge. Is the non-resonant length of the first antenna.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
PCT/JP2019/025780 2018-06-29 2019-06-28 車載アンテナ装置 Ceased WO2020004612A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

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US17/253,145 US11509044B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2019-06-28 Antenna device for vehicle
JP2020527677A JP7293222B2 (ja) 2018-06-29 2019-06-28 車載アンテナ装置

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WO2023181978A1 (ja) * 2022-03-25 2023-09-28 原田工業株式会社 低背型複合アンテナ装置

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JP6956650B2 (ja) * 2018-02-19 2021-11-02 株式会社ヨコオ 車載用アンテナ装置
EP4098489A4 (en) * 2020-01-28 2024-02-28 Yokowo Co., Ltd. VEHICLE-MOUNTED ANTENNA DEVICE
EP4220850A4 (en) * 2020-09-28 2024-11-13 Yokowo Co., Ltd. VEHICLE MOUNTED ANTENNA DEVICE
EP4254658A4 (en) * 2020-11-27 2024-10-23 Yokowo Co., Ltd. ON-BOARD ANTENNA DEVICE

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WO2018105235A1 (ja) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-14 株式会社ヨコオ アンテナ装置

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JP5599098B2 (ja) * 2010-07-30 2014-10-01 株式会社ヨコオ アンテナ装置
JP5654917B2 (ja) 2011-03-24 2015-01-14 原田工業株式会社 アンテナ装置
JP6792406B2 (ja) * 2016-10-21 2020-11-25 株式会社ヨコオ 車載用アンテナ装置

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WO2009004451A2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 C-Mac Invotronics D/B/A Solectron Antenna and splitter for receiving radio and remote keyless entry signals
WO2018105235A1 (ja) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-14 株式会社ヨコオ アンテナ装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023181978A1 (ja) * 2022-03-25 2023-09-28 原田工業株式会社 低背型複合アンテナ装置
JP2023143344A (ja) * 2022-03-25 2023-10-06 原田工業株式会社 低背型複合アンテナ装置
JP7498507B2 (ja) 2022-03-25 2024-06-12 原田工業株式会社 低背型複合アンテナ装置
US12316030B1 (en) 2022-03-25 2025-05-27 Harada Industry Co., Ltd. Low-profile composite antenna device

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US11509044B2 (en) 2022-11-22

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