WO2020001290A1 - 一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机 - Google Patents

一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机 Download PDF

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WO2020001290A1
WO2020001290A1 PCT/CN2019/091313 CN2019091313W WO2020001290A1 WO 2020001290 A1 WO2020001290 A1 WO 2020001290A1 CN 2019091313 W CN2019091313 W CN 2019091313W WO 2020001290 A1 WO2020001290 A1 WO 2020001290A1
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rotor
axial
stator
winding
iron core
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PCT/CN2019/091313
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶小婷
张涛
莫丽红
张晨
倪伟
丁祖军
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淮阴工学院
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Publication of WO2020001290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001290A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of bearingless and magnetic levitation motor manufacturing, and in particular to a three-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motor excited by a constant current source.
  • Bearingless and magnetic levitation motors are new high-speed special motors developed in the late 1980s.
  • Bearingless motors are mainly divided into three types: magnetoresistive, induction and asynchronous bearingless motors. Compared with the other two types, asynchronous The bearing motor rotor has no permanent magnet, simple structure, high rotor strength, and non-reluctance type bearingless motor has the disadvantages of rotor vibration during rotation, which is the most bearingless motor with industrial application prospects.
  • There are three magnetic fields inside the traditional asynchronous bearingless motor namely the torque winding magnetic field, the floating winding magnetic field and the rotor induced magnetic field, and the number of pole pairs of the torque winding magnetic field P M and the number of pole pairs of the floating winding magnetic field P B must be satisfied.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a three-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motor with a compact structure and a constant current source excitation without coupling of axial levitation force, radial levitation force, and torque.
  • a three-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motor excited by a constant current source includes a rotor and a stator.
  • the rotor is composed of a rotating shaft and a rotor core.
  • the rotor core is evenly arranged with an even number of rotor windings or guide bars.
  • the stator includes A stator core, a magnetic isolation ring, an axial suspension winding, a magnetically permeable ring, and an axial control core and a toroidal constant current source winding symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stator core are sequentially connected in a radial outward direction of the rotor core.
  • the outer edge of the axial control core is connected to the magnetically permeable ring, and the inner edge extends to the rotor core and is provided with an axial working air gap; the stator core and the magnetic isolation ring are connected to the inner wall of the axial portion by the axial portion and the outer end A T-shaped structure composed of radial portions of the stator core.
  • the outer wall of the axial portion of the stator core fits the inner wall of the axial portion of the magnetic isolation ring.
  • the radial portion of the magnetic isolation ring connects the axial portion and the radial portion of the stator core.
  • stator core It is divided into two symmetrical parts; a radial working air gap is provided between the stator core and the rotor core, and the stator core is wound with a motor torque winding and a radial suspension winding located on the inner layer and the outer layer, respectively.
  • the stator core is provided with a stator slot, and the motor torque winding and the radial suspension winding are respectively embedded in the stator slot.
  • the rotor winding or the guide bar adopts a phase-separated structure, and each phase is insulated from each other.
  • the number of pole pairs of the rotor winding or the guide bar is the same as the number of pole pairs of the motor torque winding. The number of pole pairs of the windings is different.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the integration of two-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motors and axial magnetic bearings is realized. It is a three-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motor with a novel structure and the world's first. It consists of two circular ring-shaped constant current source windings. Provide axial and radial bias magnetic fluxes respectively. The axial suspension windings are energized to generate axial suspension magnetic fluxes. The radial suspension windings are energized to generate radial suspension magnetic fluxes. The radial and axial suspension magnetic fluxes are adjusted to bias magnetic fluxes.
  • the magnetic field on one side of the axial and radial air gap is strengthened, while the magnetic field on the opposite direction is weakened, resulting in a levitation force pointing in the direction of the magnetic field increase.
  • radial three degrees of freedom stable suspension; and the rotor winding or guide bar is an even number, the rotor winding or guide bar adopts a phase separation structure, each phase is insulated from each other, the rotor winding or guide bar cuts the torque winding magnetic field and the floating winding magnetic field And the bias magnetic field, only the rotor induced magnetic field with the same number of pole pairs as the torque winding is induced.
  • the torque is generated by the interaction of the motor torque winding magnetic field and the rotor induced magnetic field. Together, control is simple, easy to implement;
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an axial structure and a magnetic flux of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stator core and a rotor structure, a winding arrangement, and a magnetic flux according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a first phase separation structure diagram of a stator rotor winding or a guide bar of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a second phase splitting structure diagram of a stator rotor winding or a guide bar of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a third phase separation structure diagram of a stator rotor winding or a guide bar of the present invention.
  • a three-degree-of-freedom bearingless asynchronous motor excited by a constant current source as shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotor and a stator, the rotor is composed of a rotating shaft 12 and a rotor core 11, and 12 slots are evenly arranged on the rotor core 11 Rotor windings or guide bars 13 are cast in each slot.
  • the stator includes a stator core 5, a magnetic isolation ring 8, a circular annular axial suspension winding 4, a magnetically permeable ring 2, and a left side symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stator core 5 along the rotor core 11.
  • Side axial control iron core 1 and right axial control iron core 3 left circular ring constant current source winding 6, right circular ring constant current source winding 7, left axial control iron 1 and right axial control
  • the iron core 3 may have a magnetic pole structure such as a disc shape, a three pole, or a four pole. This embodiment has a disc shape.
  • the left circular constant current source winding 6 and the right circular constant current source winding 7 may be connected in series.
  • the outer edges of the left axial control iron core 1 and the right axial control iron core 3 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the magnetically conductive ring 2, and the inner edges respectively extend to the rotor core 11 and are provided with a left axial working air gap.
  • the stator core 5 and the magnetic isolation ring 8 are T-shaped structures composed of an axial portion and a radial portion whose outer end is connected to the inner wall of the axial portion, and the shaft of the stator core 5
  • the axial part of the inner wall of the magnetic isolation ring 8 is attached to a part of the outer wall, and the radial part of the magnetic isolation ring 8 connects the axial part of the stator core 5 It is separated from the radial part into two parts in a left and right symmetrical shape, the thickness of the magnetic isolation ring 8 is greater than the sum of the left and right axial working air gaps;
  • the axial part of the stator core 5 and the magnetic isolation ring 8 The axial part and the left and right sides of the axial suspension winding 4 fit the inner wall of the left axial control iron core 1 and the right axial control iron core 3 respectively;
  • the magnetic isolation ring 8 is made of a single piece of aluminum; the left The left and right sides of the side circular toroidal constant current source wind
  • a radial working air gap is provided between the stator core 5 and the rotor core 11.
  • the stator core 5 is provided with a stator slot, and the stator slot is embedded with a motor torque winding 9 located on the inner layer and the outer layer, respectively.
  • Radial suspension winding 10, radial suspension winding 10 is a concentrated winding; the motor torque winding 9 is arranged in the same way as a normal asynchronous motor.
  • the radial suspension winding 10 is divided into a x-direction suspension control winding and a y-direction suspension control winding.
  • the direction control winding includes windings L X1 to L X12 and is connected in series as one phase in the direction shown in FIG. 2; the y-direction suspension control winding includes windings L Y1 to L Y12 and is connected in series as one phase in the direction shown in FIG. 2.
  • the rotor core 11, the left axial control core 1, the magnetically conductive ring 2, the right axial control core 3, and the stator core 5 are all made of materials with good axial and radial magnetic permeability.
  • the levitation winding 4, the magnetically permeable ring 2, the radial levitation winding 10, and the torque winding 9 are laminated in the axial direction.
  • the levitation principle is: the left circular constant current source winding 6 and the right circular annular constant current source winding 7 generate left bias magnetic flux 17, right bias magnetic flux 16, and left bias magnetic flux 17 respectively.
  • a closed path is formed through the left axial control iron core 1, the left axial working air gap, the rotor iron core 11, the radial working air gap, and the stator core 5 in order; the right bias magnetic flux 16 passes through the right axial control iron 3 in sequence.
  • the right axial working air gap, the rotor core 11, the radial working air gap, and the stator core 5 form a closed path.
  • the axial suspension winding 4 is energized to generate an axial suspension magnetic flux 15, which passes through the magnetic flux ring 2, the left axial control core 1, the left axial working air gap, the rotor core 11, and the right axial.
  • the air gap and the right axial control core 3 form a closed path;
  • the radial suspension winding 10 is energized to generate a radial suspension magnetic flux 14 that passes through the stator core 5 above, the radial working air gap above,
  • the rotor core 11, the lower radial working air gap, and the lower stator core 5 form a closed path with the stator core choke.
  • the radial and axial levitation magnetic fluxes adjust the corresponding bias magnetic fluxes, so that the air gap magnetic field on the radial and axial sides is strengthened, while the air gap magnetic field on the opposite direction is weakened, thereby generating a levitation force pointing in the direction of the air gap magnetic field enhancement.
  • Axial and radial displacement sensors are installed on the stator, or radial and axial displacement signals of the rotor are detected and identified through a displacement-free sensor algorithm, and closed-loop control of axial and radial displacement is established to achieve stable suspension of three degrees of freedom of the rotor.
  • the principle of rotation is that the torque winding magnetic field is generated when the motor torque winding 9 is energized.
  • the number of pole pairs P M in the torque winding magnetic field and the number of pole pairs P B in the suspension winding satisfy P M ⁇ P B
  • the rotor winding or guide bar 13 is an even number, the outer layer is insulated, and it is divided into phases by the terminating part.
  • the number of phases and poles of the rotor winding or guide bar must be the same as that of the torque winding, that is, the first, fourth, and seventh.
  • Leads 10, 10 are connected to one phase; Leads 2, 5, 8, 11 are connected to one phase; Leads 3, 6, 9, 12 are connected to one phase, and the three phases are insulated from each other;
  • the mode is set, when the motor is running, only the torque winding magnetic field will generate the rotor rotating magnetic field in the rotor winding or the guide bar among the suspension winding magnetic field, the torque winding magnetic field and the bias magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，包括转子和定子，所述转子由转轴和转子铁心组成，所述转子铁心的外圆周均匀布置有偶数个转子绕组或导条；所述定子包括沿转子铁心径向向外依次相连的定子铁心、隔磁环、轴向悬浮绕组、导磁环，以及对称设置于定子铁心两侧的轴向控制铁心和圆环形恒流源绕组，所述轴向控制铁心的外沿连接导磁环，内沿向转子铁心延伸；所述定子铁心和隔磁环均是由轴向部分和外端连接于轴向部分内壁的径向部分组成的T字形结构，所述定子铁心的轴向部分外壁贴合隔磁环的轴向部分内壁，所述隔磁环的径向部分将定子铁心的轴向部分和径向部分分隔为对称的两部分；所述定子铁心上绕制有电机转矩绕组、径向悬浮绕组。

Description

一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机 技术领域
本发明涉及无轴承和磁悬浮电机制造技术领域，具体涉及一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机。
背景技术
无轴承和磁悬浮电机是上世纪80年代末发展起来的新型高速特种电机，无轴承电机主要分为磁阻型、感应型和异步型无轴承电机三种，与其他两种相比，异步型无轴承电机转子无永磁体，结构简单，转子强度高，且无磁阻型无轴承电机存在的转子旋转时的振动缺点，是最具有工业应用前景的一种无轴承电机。传统的异步型无轴承电机内部存在三个磁场，即转矩绕组磁场、悬浮绕组磁场和转子感应磁场，且转矩绕组磁场极对数P M和悬浮绕组磁场极对数P B之间必须满足P M＝P B±1的关系，转矩主要由转矩绕组磁场和转子感应磁场作用产生，悬浮力主要由悬浮绕组磁场和转矩绕组磁场作用产生，转子绕组或导条既要感应出与转矩绕组磁场极对数相同的磁场，还要感应出与悬浮绕组磁场极对数相同的磁场，造成传统异步型无轴承电机悬浮力和转矩之间的解耦控制极为复杂，且转子绕组或导条切割悬浮绕组磁场产生的转子感应磁场对悬浮力有削弱作用，这两个固有缺点限制了传统异步型无轴承电机的工业应用进程。
此外，无轴承异步电机若要实现五自由度悬浮运行，需要轴向磁悬浮轴承与其配合使用。轴向磁轴承势必会增加悬浮电机系统的轴向长度，进而降低临界转速和功率密度。因此，在实现转矩和悬浮力解耦控制基础上，实现无轴承异步电机和轴向磁轴承的集成化已成为磁悬浮电机领域的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构紧凑，轴向悬浮力、径向悬浮力和转矩无耦合的恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，包括转子和定子，所述转子由转轴和转子铁心组成，所述转子铁心上均匀布置有偶数个转子绕组或导条；所述定子 包括沿转子铁心径向向外依次相连的定子铁心、隔磁环、轴向悬浮绕组、导磁环，以及对称设置于定子铁心两侧的轴向控制铁心和圆环形恒流源绕组，所述轴向控制铁心的外沿连接导磁环，内沿向转子铁心延伸并设置有轴向工作气隙；所述定子铁心和隔磁环均是由轴向部分和外端连接于轴向部分内壁的径向部分组成的T字形结构，所述定子铁心的轴向部分外壁贴合隔磁环的轴向部内壁，所述隔磁环的径向部分将定子铁心的轴向部分和径向部分分隔为对称的两部分；所述定子铁心与转子铁心之间设置有径向工作气隙，所述定子铁心上绕制有分别位于内层和外层的电机转矩绕组、径向悬浮绕组。
本发明的进一步方案是，所述定子铁心上设置有定子槽，所述电机转矩绕组、径向悬浮绕组分别嵌入定子槽中。
本发明的进一步方案是，所述转子绕组或导条采用分相结构，每相之间相互绝缘，转子绕组或导条的极对数与电机转矩绕组的极对数相同，与径向悬浮绕组的极对数不同。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：
一、实现了两自由度无轴承异步电机和轴向磁轴承的集成化，是一种结构新颖、世界首创的一种三自由度无轴承异步电机，是由两个圆环形恒流源绕组分别提供轴向和径向偏置磁通，轴向悬浮绕组通电产生轴向悬浮磁通，径向悬浮绕组通电产生径向悬浮磁通，径向和轴向悬浮磁通分别调节偏置磁通，使轴向和径向气隙一侧的磁场增强，而相反方向磁场减弱，产生指向磁场增强方向的悬浮力，根据现有技术，建立轴向和径向位移闭环控制系统，实现转子轴向和径向三自由度稳定悬浮；且转子绕组或导条为偶数个，转子绕组或导条采用分相结构，每相之间相互绝缘，转子绕组或导条切割转矩绕组磁场、悬浮绕组磁场和偏置磁场，仅感应出与转矩绕组极对数相同的转子感应磁场，转矩是由电机转矩绕组磁场和转子感应磁场相互作用产生，转矩和悬浮力无耦合，控制简单，易于实现；
二、应用于五自由度悬浮驱动系统中，可以代替一个轴向磁轴承和两自由度无轴承异步电机，将极大地缩小轴向长度和系统体积与重量，对实现无轴承异步电机工业应用具有里程碑式的重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明的轴向结构与磁通剖视图。
图2为本发明的定子铁心与转子结构、绕组排列及磁通示意图。
图3本发明的定子转子绕组或导条第一分相结构图。
图4本发明的定子转子绕组或导条第二分相结构图。
图5本发明的定子转子绕组或导条第三分相结构图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，包括转子和定子，所述转子由转轴12和转子铁心11组成，所述转子铁心11上均匀布置有12个槽，每个槽中浇注有转子绕组或导条13。
所述定子包括沿转子铁心11径向向外依次相连的定子铁心5、隔磁环8、圆环形的轴向悬浮绕组4、导磁环2，以及对称设置于定子铁心5两侧的左侧轴向控制铁心1和右侧轴向控制铁心3、左侧圆环形恒流源绕组6、右侧圆环形恒流源绕组7，左侧轴向控制铁心1和右侧轴向控制铁心3可以为圆盘形、三极、四极等磁极式结构，本实施例为圆盘形，左侧圆环形恒流源绕组6、右侧圆环形恒流源绕组7可以串联，所述左侧轴向控制铁心1和右侧轴向控制铁心3的外沿分别连接导磁环2的左、右两侧面，内沿分别向转子铁心11延伸并设置有左轴向工作气隙、右轴向工作气隙；所述定子铁心5和隔磁环8均是由轴向部分和外端连接于轴向部分内壁的径向部分组成的T字形结构，所述定子铁心5的轴向部分外壁贴合隔磁环8的轴向部分内壁，所述隔磁环8的径向部分将定子铁心5的轴向部分和径向部分隔为左、右对称的7字形的两部分，所述隔磁环8的厚度大于左右轴向工作气隙之和；所述定子铁心5的轴向部分、隔磁环8的轴向部分、轴向悬浮绕组4的左右两侧分别贴合左侧轴向控制铁心1、右侧轴向控制铁心3内壁；所述隔磁环8由整块铝材制成；所述左侧圆环形恒流源绕组6的左、右两侧及外壁分别贴合左侧轴向控制铁心1、定子铁心5，所述右侧圆环形恒流源绕组7的左、右两侧及外壁分别贴合右侧轴向控制铁心3、定子铁心5。
所述定子铁心5与转子铁心11之间设置有径向工作气隙，所述定子铁心5上设置有定子槽，所述定子槽中嵌入有分别位于内层、外层的电机转矩绕组9、径向悬浮绕组10，径向悬浮绕组10为集中式绕组；电机转矩绕组9排列方式与普通异步电机相同，径向悬浮绕组10分为x方向悬浮控制绕组和y方向悬浮控制绕组，x方向控制绕组包括绕组L X1～L X12，按照图2所示方向串联为一相；y 方向悬浮控制绕组包括绕组L Y1～L Y12，按照图2所示方向串联为一相。
转子铁心11、左侧轴向控制铁心1、导磁环2、右侧轴向控制铁心3、定子铁心5均由轴向和径向导磁性能良好的材料制成。
所述左侧轴向控制铁心1、右侧轴向控制铁心3、左侧圆环形恒流源绕组6、右侧圆环形恒流源绕组7、定子铁心5、隔磁环8、轴向悬浮绕组4、导磁环2、径向悬浮绕组10、转矩绕组9沿轴向叠压。
悬浮原理是：左侧圆环形恒流源绕组6、右侧圆环形恒流源绕组7分别产生左侧偏置磁通17、右侧偏置磁通16，左侧偏置磁通17依次经过左侧轴向控制铁心1、左轴向工作气隙、转子铁心11、径向工作气隙、定子铁心5形成闭合路径；右侧偏置磁通16依次经过右侧轴向控制铁心3、右轴向工作气隙、转子铁心11、径向工作气隙、定子铁心5形成闭合路径。
轴向悬浮绕组4通电产生轴向悬浮磁通15，轴向悬浮磁通15依次经过导磁环2、左侧轴向控制铁心1、左轴向工作气隙、转子铁心11、右轴向工作气隙、右侧轴向控制铁心3形成闭合路径；径向悬浮绕组10通电，产生径向悬浮磁通14，径向悬浮磁通14经过上方的定子铁心5、上方的径向工作气隙、转子铁心11、下方的径向工作气隙、下方的定子铁心5，与定子铁心扼部形成闭合路径。径向和轴向悬浮磁通调节相应的偏置磁通，使径向和轴向一侧气隙磁场增强，而相反方向气隙磁场减弱，从而产生指向气隙磁场增强方向的悬浮力，在定子上安装轴向和径向位移传感器，或者通过无位移传感器算法，检测和辨识转子径向和轴向位移信号，建立轴向和径向位移闭环控制，实现转子三自由度稳定悬浮。
旋转原理是：电机转矩绕组9通电产生转矩绕组磁场，如图2～5所示，转矩绕组磁场极对数P M和悬浮绕组磁场极对数P B之间满足P M≠P B，而转子绕组或导条13为偶数个，外层绝缘，通过端接部分将其分相，转子绕组或导条的相数和极数必须与转矩绕组相同，即第1、4、7、10导条连接为一相；第2、5、8、11导条连接为一相；第3、6、9、12导条连接为一相，且三相之间相互绝缘；按照此种方式设置，在该电机运行时，悬浮绕组磁场、转矩绕组磁场和永磁体产生的偏置磁场三者中只有转矩绕组磁场在转子绕组或导条中会产生转子旋转磁场。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，包括转子和定子，所述转子由转轴(12)和转子铁心(11)组成，其特征在于：所述转子铁心(11)上均匀布置有偶数个转子绕组或导条(13)；所述定子包括沿转子铁心(11)径向向外依次相连的定子铁心(5)、隔磁环(8)、轴向悬浮绕组(4)、导磁环(2)，以及对称设置于定子铁心(5)两侧的轴向控制铁心和圆环形恒流源绕组，所述轴向控制铁心的外沿连接导磁环(2)，内沿向转子铁心(11)延伸并设置有轴向工作气隙；所述定子铁心(5)和隔磁环(8)均是由轴向部分和外端连接于轴向部内壁的径向部分组成的T字形结构，所述定子铁心(5)的轴向部分外壁贴合隔磁环(8)的轴向部分内壁，所述隔磁环(8)的径向部分将定子铁心(5)的轴向部分和径向部分隔为对称的两部分；所述定子铁心(5)与转子铁心(11)之间设置有径向工作气隙，所述定子铁心(5)上绕制有分别位于内层和外层的电机转矩绕组(9)、径向悬浮绕组(10)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，其特征在于：所述定子铁心(5)上设置有定子槽，所述电机转矩绕组(9)、径向悬浮绕组(10)分别嵌入定子槽中。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机，其特征在于：所述转子绕组或导条(13)采用分相结构，每相之间相互绝缘，转子绕组或导条(13)的极对数与电机转矩绕组(9)的极对数相同，与径向悬浮绕组(10)的极对数不同。
PCT/CN2019/091313 2018-06-30 2019-06-14 一种恒流源励磁的三自由度无轴承异步电机 WO2020001290A1 (zh)

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