WO2020001231A1 - 加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法 - Google Patents

加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001231A1
WO2020001231A1 PCT/CN2019/089470 CN2019089470W WO2020001231A1 WO 2020001231 A1 WO2020001231 A1 WO 2020001231A1 CN 2019089470 W CN2019089470 W CN 2019089470W WO 2020001231 A1 WO2020001231 A1 WO 2020001231A1
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standard
acceleration
measurement device
lens
inner cavity
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PCT/CN2019/089470
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王红
冷长林
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/618,595 priority Critical patent/US11340252B2/en
Publication of WO2020001231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001231A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/093—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of sensors, and in particular, to an acceleration measurement device and an acceleration measurement method thereof.
  • Acceleration sensors are widely used in aerospace, automotive brake start detection, seismic detection, engineering vibration measurement, geological exploration, vibration testing and analysis, security surveillance vibration detection, game control, handle vibration and shaking, etc. Acceleration sensors are mainly divided into two types according to the types of acceleration that can be measured. One is an angular acceleration sensor, which is improved from a gyroscope, and the other is a linear acceleration sensor. Existing linear acceleration sensors can be divided into piezoelectric, piezoresistive, capacitive, servo, and triaxial based on different sensing principles. However, due to the limitation of the above-mentioned measuring principle, the existing linear acceleration sensors have the problems of slow response speed and high cost.
  • an acceleration measurement device wherein the acceleration measurement device includes a housing, a standard, a light source, a lens, an image sensor, and a processor.
  • the housing has an inner cavity having a cavity wall, a bottom portion located at a bottom end portion of the cavity wall, and a top portion opposite to the bottom portion.
  • the standard is provided in the inner cavity through an elastic support, and the elastic support is connected between the bottom of the inner cavity and the standard.
  • the light source is fixed on a side of the standard object remote from the bottom of the inner cavity.
  • the lens is fixed to the standard and located on a side of the light source remote from the standard.
  • the image sensor is fixed on the top of the inner cavity and located on a side of the lens away from the standard object, and is configured to receive light emitted by the light source and scattered by the lens.
  • the processor is configured to calculate displacement information of the standard in a vertical direction according to the light received by the image sensor, and calculate an acceleration of the standard according to the displacement information.
  • the standard is fixed in a bracket, and the elastic support is vertically connected between the bottom of the inner cavity and the bracket.
  • the elastic support is vertically connected between the bottom of the inner cavity and the standard.
  • the acceleration measurement device further includes an elastic guide.
  • the elastic guide is connected between the wall of the inner cavity and the standard, so as to limit the standard in the horizontal direction.
  • the elastic guide is a beryllium bronze leaf spring.
  • the elastic guide is horizontally connected between the outer periphery of the standard and the cavity wall.
  • the standard is fixed in a bracket
  • the elastic support is vertically connected between the bottom of the inner cavity and the bracket
  • the elastic guide is connected to the inner Between the cavity wall and the stent.
  • the acceleration measurement device further includes an electromagnetic stabilization mechanism including an electromagnet and an electromagnetic coil.
  • the electromagnet is provided on the outer periphery of the standard.
  • the electromagnetic coil is wound around an inner wall of the inner cavity and corresponds to the electromagnet.
  • the light source is a parallel light source.
  • the lens is a conical lens.
  • an acceleration measurement method for measuring acceleration of a measured object.
  • the acceleration measurement method includes the following steps:
  • the standard object When the measured object outputs an acceleration, the standard object is displaced.
  • the image sensor receives the light emitted by the light source and scattered by the lens, and measures the displacement signal of the standard object based on the light.
  • the processor receives the displacement signal and calculates it according to the following formula. Out acceleration
  • a is the acceleration
  • K is the stiffness coefficient of the elastic support
  • S is the vertical displacement of the standard
  • M is the mass of the standard.
  • an “image sensor” is located above a lens, and is used to receive light emitted by a light source and scattered by the lens.
  • the displacement signal of the standard is measured according to the light, and the measured object is calculated.
  • the design of “acceleration” enables the acceleration measurement device to use the measurement principle of lens scattering and CCD sensing to measure the displacement information of the standard, thereby further calculating the acceleration of the measured standard, that is, the acceleration of the measured object. .
  • the present disclosure has a faster response speed and a lower manufacturing cost.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an acceleration measurement device according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for measuring acceleration according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190. Electromagnetic stabilization mechanism
  • Electromagnetic coil 192. Electromagnetic coil.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic structural diagram of an acceleration measurement device according to the present disclosure is representatively shown.
  • the acceleration measurement device proposed by the present disclosure is described by using a measurement device applied to measure the linear acceleration of a measured object as an example.
  • a measurement device applied to measure the linear acceleration of a measured object as an example.
  • Those skilled in the art can easily understand that in order to apply the related design of the present disclosure to other similar measuring devices, various modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, or other changes are made to the following specific implementations, these The variation is still within the scope of the principle of the acceleration measurement device proposed by the present disclosure.
  • the acceleration measurement device proposed by the present disclosure mainly includes a housing 110, a bracket 170, a standard 120, an elastic support 130, a light source 140, a lens 150, and a charge-coupled device image sensor 160. .
  • the structure, connection, and functional relationship of the main components of the acceleration measurement device provided by the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • an inner cavity 111 is formed inside the housing 110, and most of the remaining components of the acceleration measurement device are disposed in the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110.
  • the acceleration measurement device is placed on the test object. That is, the housing 110 can be set on the measured object. Taking the measured object represented by the rocket as an example, the acceleration measurement device can be set inside the rocket, and the housing 110 is fixedly connected to the internal structure of the rocket. The bottom of the casing 110 (ie, the lower end of the casing 110 in FIG. 1) may be fixedly connected to the internal structure of the rocket.
  • the housing 110 can be firmly and fixedly connected to the measured object through connection components such as a snap component and a bolt component, so that the movement state of the measured object can be accurately and timely transmitted to the housing 110.
  • the bracket 170 is suspended in the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110, and the elastic support 130 is vertically arranged and supported between the bottom of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110 and the bottom of the bracket 170. between.
  • the elastic supporting member 130 may adopt a structure of a spring, for example, in other embodiments, a structure such as a spring sheet may also be used instead of the spring as the elasticity for supporting the connection between the housing 110 and the bracket 170 Support member 130.
  • the standard object 120 is fixed on the bracket 170.
  • the standard object 120 is a standard mass, which has a regular shape, that is, the center of mass of the standard object 120 coincides with its geometric center.
  • the movement state of the measured object is transmitted to the standard object 120 through the housing 110 and the elastic support 130, so that the standard object 120 obtains the corresponding movement state of the measured object, and by measuring the movement state of the standard object 120, By calculation, the movement state of the measured object, that is, the acceleration of the measured object.
  • the standard object 120 when using the standard object 120 to simulate the movement state corresponding to the measured object, the impact of the buffering effect of the elastic support member 130 can be judged during the acceleration calculation process.
  • the standard object 120, the bracket 170, and other structures (such as the light source 140, the lens 150, and the electromagnet 191) provided on the bracket 170 are collectively composed.
  • the weight of structures other than the standard 120 is ignored.
  • the weight of the standard object 120 is much larger than the weight of the other structures described above, so that the weight of the other structures will not affect the position of the center of mass of the entire mass point system, nor will it affect the accurate transmission and movement of the measured object. measuring.
  • the elastic support 130 may be vertically supported between the bottom of the standard 120 and the bottom of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110, and in this embodiment is provided on the bracket 170 or other structures connected to the bracket 170 (For example, the light source 140, the lens 150, the electromagnet 191, and the elastic guide 180, etc.) can also be directly disposed on the standard object 120 or directly connected to the standard object 120, which is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the light source 140 is fixed on the top of the bracket 170.
  • the light source 140 can also be directly fixed on the top of the standard 120, and the so-called “top” is the end of the standard 120 (or the bracket 170) far from the bottom of the inner cavity 111. .
  • the light source 140 may be, for example, a parallel light source.
  • the lens 150 is fixed on the top of the bracket 170 and located above the light source 140, that is, on a side of the light source 140 away from the standard 120 (or the bracket 170). In other embodiments, when the bracket 170 is not provided, the lens 150 may also be directly fixed on the top of the standard object 120.
  • the so-called "top portion" is the end of the standard object 120 (or the bracket 170) far from the bottom of the inner cavity 111. Accordingly, the lens 150 can have a scattering effect on the light emitted from the light source 140 upward.
  • the lens 150 may be, for example, a conical lens.
  • a conical lens has a dispersion effect similar to a triangular prism.
  • the design of an optical system based on a conical lens is simpler, and the manufacturing cost of the lens 150 is lower.
  • the lens 150 may be spaced apart from the light source 140 in a vertical direction, for example.
  • a charge coupled device (hereinafter referred to as a CCD) is fixed on the top of the inner cavity 111 and above the lens 150.
  • the CCD can receive the light emitted from the light source 140 and pass through the lens 150.
  • the scattered light is calculated by using a processor to obtain a displacement signal of the standard object 120 according to the light received by the CCD, and the acceleration of the measured object is calculated according to the displacement signal.
  • the charge-coupled device can adopt an existing design.
  • the main measurement principle is that the position of the standard 120 is reflected on the CCD through the lens 150 in the form of light.
  • the position of the standard 120 is different.
  • the light on the CCD is formed by light scattering.
  • the aperture of the lens will change accordingly.
  • the processor can get the vertical displacement of the mass point system according to the change of the aperture on the CCD (specifically, the relationship between the CCD aperture change value and the displacement can be calibrated through experiments), and the displacement signal can be converted by the processor Is the acceleration of the mass point system, that is, the acceleration of the measured object.
  • the above-mentioned particle point is an overall structure composed of the standard object 120, the bracket 170, the light source 140, and the lens 150 (including the electromagnet 191).
  • the acceleration measurement device further includes an elastic guide 180.
  • the elastic guide 180 is connected between the cavity wall of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110 and the standard 120 so as to limit the standard 120 in the horizontal direction.
  • the elastic guide 180 is horizontally connected between the cavity wall of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110 and the bracket 170.
  • the upper limit of the pair of brackets 170 in the horizontal direction that is, the upper limit of the standard 120 indirectly in the horizontal direction.
  • the mass point system can be restricted from moving in the horizontal direction, so that it can only move in the vertical direction, so that the change in the aperture on the CCD can fully reflect the vertical displacement of the mass point system, and improve measurement accuracy.
  • the elastic guide 180 is, for example, connected to an upper half of the bracket 170, that is, a portion of the bracket 170 to which the light source 140 is fixed.
  • the structure of the elastic guide 180 in FIG. 1 is only schematically shown, and the elastic guide 180 is actually connected to the bracket 170 instead of being connected to the light source 140 or other structures.
  • the elastic guide 180 can be connected to the standard object 120.
  • the elastic guide 180 may be, for example, a beryllium bronze leaf spring.
  • beryllium bronze springs are light-weight and high-performance spring materials, which have good rigidity in the horizontal direction (that is, the direction of motion perpendicular to the mass point system), so that on the basis of ensuring vertical elasticity, they will include The particles including the standard are at the upper limit in the horizontal direction.
  • the elastic guide 180 is horizontally connected between the outer periphery of the upper portion of the standard 120 (ie, the bracket 170) and the cavity wall of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110.
  • the elastic guide 180 can also be set at other height positions, but it should be compatible with the center of mass of the standard object 120 to avoid the moment of inertia as much as possible and affect the stability of the system.
  • the acceleration measurement device further includes an electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190.
  • the electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190 mainly includes an electromagnet 191 and an electromagnetic coil 192.
  • the electromagnet 191 is provided on the outer periphery of the standard 120 or on the outer periphery of the bracket 170.
  • the electromagnetic coil 192 is wound around the inner wall of the inner cavity 111 of the housing 110 and corresponds to the position of the electromagnet 191. According to this, when the CCD detects the displacement information of the standard object 120, the electromagnetic coil 192 passes an electric current from an external power source and generates a magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field acts on the electromagnet 191 and generates a stable force on the electromagnet 191.
  • the magnetic field drives the standard 120 to stabilize.
  • the acceleration measurement device is installed on the rocket in the direction shown in Figure 1 as an example.
  • the rocket accelerates to the stage of uniform speed rise, due to the existence of the vibrator (point system) and the spring (elastic support 130), the vibrator is bound to A simple harmonic motion is formed.
  • the electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190 can be used to apply a force in a direction opposite to the spring force to the mass point system to make it fast and stable.
  • the electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190 can also serve as a "generator", that is, the electromagnetic stabilization mechanism 190 can feedback the position of the oscillator (lens 150), increasing the reliability margin of the system.
  • the housing of the acceleration measuring device of the present disclosure is set on the measured object
  • the standard When the measured object outputs an acceleration, the standard generates displacement, and the charge-coupled device receives the light emitted by the light source and scattered by the lens, and measures the displacement signal of the standard according to the light;
  • a is the acceleration
  • K is the stiffness coefficient of the elastic support (known, obtained by measurement)
  • S is the vertical displacement of the standard, which is the compression amount of the elastic support (known, given by CCD detection value conversion)
  • M is the mass of the standard (also known as the mass point system) (known, obtained by measurement).
  • the impact of the buffering effect of the elastic support can be judged in the process of calculating the acceleration.
  • the stiffness value of the elastic support is known and constant
  • the impulse value generated by the above buffering effect can be calculated. For example, it can be deduced by the following formula:
  • the acceleration measurement device is in a non-inertial coordinate system
  • the acceleration of the non-inertial coordinate system is a.
  • the inertial force received by the standard should be Ma, and the elasticity at this time
  • the compression amount of the support member is S.
  • the stiffness coefficient of the elastic support member is K
  • Ma KS
  • the impulse ft Mat of the elastic support member is known, where t is time.
  • acceleration measurement devices shown in the drawings and described in this specification are just a few examples of many kinds of acceleration measurement devices capable of adopting the principles of the present disclosure. It should be clearly understood that the principles of the present disclosure are by no means limited to any details of the acceleration measurement device or any component of the acceleration measurement device shown in the drawings or described in this specification.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an acceleration measurement method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the acceleration measurement method proposed in the present disclosure can be used to measure the acceleration of a measured object, which includes the following steps:
  • the standard When the measured object outputs an acceleration, the standard generates displacement.
  • the charge-coupled device receives the light emitted by the light source and scattered by the lens, and measures the displacement signal of the standard according to the light.
  • the processor receives the displacement signal and calculates it according to the following formula. Derive acceleration
  • a is the acceleration
  • K is the stiffness coefficient of the elastic support (known, obtained by measurement)
  • S is the vertical displacement of the standard, which is the compression amount of the elastic support (known, given by CCD detection value conversion)
  • M is the mass of the standard (also known as the mass point system) (known, obtained by measurement).
  • the impact of the buffering effect of the elastic support can be judged in the process of calculating the acceleration.
  • the stiffness value of the elastic support is known and constant
  • the impulse value generated by the above buffering effect can be calculated. For example, it can be deduced by the following formula:
  • the acceleration measurement device is in a non-inertial coordinate system
  • the acceleration of the non-inertial coordinate system is a.
  • the inertial force received by the standard should be Ma.
  • the compression amount of the support member is S.
  • Ma KS
  • the impulse ft Mat of the elastic support member is known, where t is time.
  • the acceleration measurement device and the acceleration measurement method provided by the present disclosure adopt a "charge-coupled device located above the lens to receive light emitted by the light source and scattered by the lens, and measure the displacement signal of the standard according to the light, and The design of "calculate the acceleration of the measured object” enables the acceleration measurement device to use the measurement principle of lens scattering and CCD sensing to measure the displacement information of the standard and further calculate the measured acceleration of the standard. That is, the acceleration of the measured object. Because the optical system is added to the measurement device, the present disclosure has a faster response speed than the existing acceleration sensors.
  • the present disclosure has a lower manufacturing cost than existing acceleration sensors.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the acceleration measurement device and the acceleration measurement method proposed by the present disclosure are described and / or illustrated in detail above.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Instead, the components and / or steps of each embodiment can be used independently and separately from other components and / or steps described herein. Each component and / or step of one embodiment may also be used in combination with other components and / or steps of other embodiments.
  • the terms “a”, “an” and “the above” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.
  • the terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are used to indicate open-ended inclusion and mean that there may be additional elements / components / etc. In addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法，加速度测量装置包括壳体、标准物、光源、透镜、图像传感器以及处理器。壳体具有内腔。标准物通过弹性支撑件设于内腔中，弹性支撑件连接于内腔底部与标准物之间。光源固定于标准物的远离内腔底部的一侧。透镜固定于标准物且位于光源的远离标准物的一侧。图像传感器设于内腔顶部且位于透镜的远离标准物的一侧，用以接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，处理器被配置为根据图像传感器接收的光线计算标准物的在竖直方向上的位移信息，并根据位移信息计算得出标准物的加速度。

Description

加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法
交叉引用
本公开要求于2018年6月29日提交的申请号为201810715256.9、名称为“一种加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及传感器技术领域，尤其涉及一种加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法。
背景技术
加速度传感器广泛应用于航空航天、汽车制动启动检测、地震检测、工程测振、地质勘探、振动测试与分析以及安全保卫振动侦察、游戏控制、手柄振动和摇晃等多种领域。加速度传感器根据所能测量的加速度种类主要分为两种，一种是角加速度传感器，其是由陀螺仪改进而来，另一种是线加速度传感器。现有的线加速度传感器根据不同的感测原理，主要可以分为压电式、压阻式、电容式、伺服式和三轴式。然而现有线加速度传感器由于上述测量原理所限，均不同程度地存在响应速度较慢，造价较高的问题。
在所述背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本发明的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开采用如下技术方案：
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种加速度测量装置，其中，所述加速度测量装置包括壳体、标准物、光源、透镜、图像传感器以及处理器。所述壳体具有内腔，所述内腔具有腔壁、位于该腔壁底端部的底部和与该底部相反的顶部。所述标准物通过弹性支撑件设于所述内腔中，所述弹性支撑件连接于所述内腔底部与所述标准物之间。所述光源固定于所述标准物的远离所述内腔底部的一侧。所述透镜固定于所述标准物且位于所述光源的远离所述标准物的一侧。所述图像传感器固定于所述内腔顶部且位于所述透镜的远离所述标准物的一侧，用以接收所述光源射出的并经所述透镜散射的光线。所述处理器被配置为根据所述图像传感器接收的所述光线计算所述标准物的在 竖直方向上的位移信息，并根据所述位移信息计算得出所述标准物的加速度。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述标准物固定于一支架中，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述支架之间。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述标准物之间。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述加速度测量装置还包括弹性导向件。所述弹性导向件连接于所述内腔腔壁与所述标准物之间，以对所述标准物在水平方向上限位。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述弹性导向件为铍青铜片弹簧。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述弹性导向件水平连接于所述标准物的外周与所述内腔腔壁之间。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述标准物固定于一支架中，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述支架之间，所述弹性导向件连接于所述内腔腔壁与所述支架之间。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述加速度测量装置还包括电磁稳定机构，其包括电磁铁以及电磁线圈。所述电磁铁设于所述标准物外周。所述电磁线圈绕设于所述内腔的内壁且与所述电磁铁对应。其中，所述图像传感器被配置为检测到所述标准物的位移信息时，所述电磁线圈通入电流并产生磁场，所述电磁铁在该磁场作用下带动所述标准物稳定。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述光源为平行光源。
根据本公开的其中一个实施方式，所述透镜为圆锥形透镜。
根据本公开的另一个方面，提供一种加速度测量方法，用于测量被测物的加速度。其中，所述加速度测量方法包括以下步骤：
提供一本公开提出的且在上述实施方式中说明的加速度测量装置；
将壳体设置在被测物上；
被测物输出一加速度时，标准物产生位移，图像传感器接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，并根据该光线测量标准物的位移信号；处理器接收该位移信号，并根据以下公式计算得出加速度；
a＝K·S/M
其中，a为加速度，K为弹性支撑件的劲度系数，S为标准物的在竖直方向上的 位移，M为标准物的质量。
由上述技术方案可知，本公开提出的加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法的优点和积极效果在于：
本公开提出的加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法，通过“图像传感器位于透镜上方，用以接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，根据光线测量标准物的位移信号，并计算得出被测物的加速度”的设计，使得加速度测量装置能够利用透镜散射和CCD感测相配合的测量原理，对标准物的位移信息进行测量，从而进一步通过计算测得标准物的加速度，即被测物的加速度。本公开相较于现有加速度传感器具有更快的响应速度和更低的造价。
本发明中通过以下参照附图对优选实施例的说明，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更加明显。
附图说明
通过结合附图考虑以下对本公开的例如实施方式的详细说明，本公开的各种目标、特征和优点将变得更加显而易见。附图仅为本公开的示范性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。在附图中，同样的附图标记始终表示相同或类似的部件。其中：
图1是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种加速度测量装置的结构示意图；
图2是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种加速度测量方法的流程图。
附图标记说明如下：
110.壳体；
111.内腔；
120.标准物；
130.弹性支撑件；
140.光源；
150.透镜；
160.电荷藕合器件图像传感器；
170.支架；
180.弹性导向件；
190.电磁稳定机构；
191.电磁铁；
192.电磁线圈。
具体实施方式
体现本公开特征与优点的典型实施例将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本公开能够在不同的实施例上具有各种的变化，其皆不脱离本公开的范围，且其中的说明及附图在本质上是作说明之用，而非用以限制本公开。
在对本公开的不同示例性实施方式的下面描述中，参照附图进行，所述附图形成本公开的一部分，并且其中以示例方式显示了可实现本公开的多个方面的不同示例性结构、系统和步骤。应理解的是，可以使用部件、结构、示例性装置、系统和步骤的其他特定方案，并且可在不偏离本公开范围的情况下进行结构和功能性修改。而且，虽然本说明书中可使用术语“底部”、“之间”、“之内”等来描述本公开的不同示例性特征和元件，但是这些术语用于本文中仅出于方便，例如根据附图中所述的示例的方向。本说明书中的任何内容都不应理解为需要结构的特定三维方向才落入本公开的范围内。
加速度测量装置实施方式
参阅图1，其代表性地示出了本公开提出的加速度测量装置的结构示意图。在该示例性实施方式中，本公开提出的加速度测量装置是以应用于对被测物的线加速度进行测量的测量装置为例进行说明的。本领域技术人员容易理解的是，为将本公开的相关设计应用于其他类似的测量设备中，而对下述的具体实施方式做出多种改型、添加、替代、删除或其他变化，这些变化仍在本公开提出的加速度测量装置的原理的范围内。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，本公开提出的加速度测量装置主要包括壳体110、支架170、标准物120、弹性支撑件130、光源140、透镜150以及电荷藕合器件图像传感器160。以下结合附图，对本公开提出的加速度测量装置的各主要组成部分的结构、连接方式和功能关系进行详细说明。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，壳体110内部形成有内腔111，加速度测量装置的其余大部分部件均设置在壳体110的内腔111中。当利用本公开提出的加速度测量装置对被测物进行加速度测量时，是将加速度测量装置放置在被测物上。即，可将壳体110设置在被测物上，以火箭为代表的被测物为例，可将加速度测量装置设置在火箭的内部，并将壳体110与火箭的内部结构固定连接，其中，可将壳体110的底部(即图1中壳体110的下端)与火箭的内部结构固定连接。另外，壳体110可以通过例如卡扣组件、螺栓组件等连接组件与被测物稳固地固定连接，而使被测物的运动状态能 够及时准确地传递至壳体110。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，支架170悬置在壳体110的内腔111中，弹性支撑件130竖直设置并支撑在壳体110内腔111的底部与支架170的底部之间。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，弹性支撑件130可以例如采用弹簧的结构，在其他实施方式中，亦可采用例如弹片的结构替代弹簧，作为支撑连接在壳体110与支架170之间的弹性支撑件130。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，标准物120固定设置在支架170。其中，标准物120即为标准质量块，其具有规则的形状，即标准物120的质心与其几何中心重合。据此，被测物的运动状态经壳体110和弹性支撑件130传递至标准物120，使得标准物120获得与被测物相应的运动状态，从而通过测量标准物120的运动状态，即可通过计算得出被测物的运动状态，即被测物的加速度。其中，在利用标准物120模拟与被测物相应的运动状态时，可以在计算加速度的过程中判断弹性支撑件130的缓冲作用的影响，由于弹性支撑件130的刚度值是已知且一定，因此上述缓冲作用产生的冲量值可以计算得出。需说明的是，在本实施方式的描述中，为了便于理解和描述，对于标准物120、支架170及设置在支架170上的其他结构(例如光源140、透镜150和电磁铁191等)共同组成的质点系而言，是忽略了除标准物120以外的其他结构的重量。或者，亦可理解为标准物120的重量远大于上述其他结构的重量，而使上述其他结构的重量不会影响整个质点系的质心位置，亦不会影响对被测物运动状态的准确传递和测量。
在其他实施方式中，可将弹性支撑件130竖直支撑在标准物120底部与壳体110内腔111的底部之间，且在本实施方式中设于支架170或连接于支架170的其他结构(例如光源140、透镜150、电磁铁191和弹性导向件180等)，亦可直接设置在标准物120上或直接连接于标准物120，并不以本实施方式为限。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，光源140固定在支架170的顶部。在其他实施方式中，当未设置支架170时，光源140亦可直接固定在标准物120的顶部，且所谓的“顶部”即为标准物120(或支架170)的远离内腔111底部的一端。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，光源140可以例如为平行光源。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，透镜150固定在支架170的顶部且位于光源140的上方，即位于光源140的远离标准物120(或支架170)的一侧。在其他实施方式中，当未设置支架170时，透镜150亦可直接固定在标准物120的顶部，所谓的“顶 部”即为标准物120(或支架170)的远离内腔111底部的一端。据此，透镜150能够对光源140向上射出的光线产生散射作用。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，透镜150可以例如为圆锥透镜。其中，圆锥透镜具有类似三棱镜的色散作用，相对于其它类型的透镜150，基于圆锥透镜的光学系统设计更加简单，且透镜150制作成本较低。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，透镜150可以例如与光源140在竖直方向上间隔一间隙。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，以下简称CCD)固定在内腔111的顶部且位于透镜150的上方，CCD能够接收由光源140射出的并经透镜150散射的光线，并利用一处理器根据CCD接收到的上述光线计算得出标准物120的位移信号，并根据该位移信号计算得出被测物的加速度。
具体而言，电荷耦合器件可以采用现有设计，其主要测量原理为，标准物120的位置以光线形式通过透镜150反应在CCD上，标准物120的位置不同，CCD上的由光线散射后形成的光圈就会相应改变，处理器根据CCD上光圈的变化可以得出质点系的竖直位移(具体可通过试验标定CCD光圈变化值与位移关系)，进而通过处理器可以将该位移信号可以换算为质点系的加速度，即得到被测物的加速度。另外，上述质点系即为标准物120、支架170、光源140和透镜150(亦包括电磁铁191)共同组成的整体结构。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，加速度测量装置还包括弹性导向件180。其中，弹性导向件180连接在壳体110内腔111的腔壁与标准物120之间，以对标准物120在水平方向上限位。
具体而言，如图1所示，在本实施方式中，基于标准物设置在支架170中的设计，弹性导向件180是水平连接在壳体110内腔111的腔壁与支架170之间，以对支架170在水平方向上限位，即间接对标准物120在水平方向上限位。据此，通过弹性导向件180的设置，能够约束质点系在水平方向上运动，让其仅能在竖直方向上运动，从而使CCD上光圈的变化能够充分体现质点系的竖直位移，提高测量精度。
需说明的是，如图1所示，弹性导向件180是例如连接在支架170的上半部，即支架170的固定有光源140的部分。图1中有关弹性导向件180的结构，仅为示意性地示出，弹性导向件180实际上是与支架170连接，而非连接于光源140或其他结构。另外，当未设置支架170时，弹性导向件180则可与标准物120连接。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，弹性导向件180可以例如为铍青铜片弹簧。其中，铍青铜弹簧属于质量轻且性能好的弹簧材料，其在水平方向(即垂直于质点系的运动方向)上具有较好的刚性，从而能够在保证竖直方向的弹性基础上，将包括标准物在内的质点系在水平方向上限位。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，弹性导向件180例如水平连接在标准物120(即支架170)的上部的外周与壳体110内腔111的腔壁之间。另外，弹性导向件180亦可设置在其它高度位置上，但应当与标准物120的质心相适应，尽量避免惯性矩，影响系统稳定。
如图1所示，在本实施方式中，加速度测量装置还包括电磁稳定机构190。其中，电磁稳定机构190主要包括电磁铁191以及电磁线圈192。电磁铁191设置在标准物120外周，或设置在支架170的外周。电磁线圈192绕设在壳体110内腔111的内壁且与电磁铁191的位置相对应。据此，当CCD检测到标准物120的位移信息时，电磁线圈192由外部电源通入电流并产生磁场，该磁场作用在电磁铁191上而对其产生稳定作用力，使得电磁铁191在该磁场作用下带动标准物120趋于稳定。
承上，以加速度测量装置按图1示出方向安装在火箭上为例，当火箭加速完成向匀速上升阶段转换时，由于振子(质点系)和弹簧(弹性支撑件130)的存在，振子必然形成一个简谐振动，此时即可以利用电磁稳定机构190向质点系施加一个与弹簧力相反方向的力，使其快速稳定。另外，当火箭产生加速度时，电磁稳定机构190亦可充当“发电机”，即电磁稳定机构190能够反馈振子(透镜150)的位置，增加系统的可靠性余度。
本公开加速度测量装置的测量原理介绍如下：
首先将本公开加速度测量装置的壳体设置在被测物上；
被测物输出一加速度时，标准物产生位移，电荷耦合器件接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，并根据该光线测量标准物的位移信号；
将位移信号传递至一处理器，并根据以下公式计算得出加速度；
a＝K·S/M
其中，a为加速度，K为弹性支撑件的劲度系数(已知，由计量获得)，S为标准物的在竖直方向上的位移，即为弹性支撑件的压缩量(已知，由CCD探测值换算获得)，M为标准物(亦可理解为质点系)的质量(已知，由计量获得)。
需说明的是，上述的加速度计算公式“a＝K·S/M”具体是通过以下已知公式和步骤 推导得出：
∵牛顿第二定律：f＝ma(f.作用力；m.质量；a.加速度)；
∵胡克定律：f＝ks(f.作用力；k.弹簧的劲度系数；s.弹簧的压缩量)；
∴ks＝ma
∴a＝ks/m
∴结合本实施方式中的上述赋值定义，a＝K·S/M。
另外，在对标准物位移，即被测物加速度的计算过程中，在利用标准物模拟与被测物相应的运动状态时，可以在计算加速度的过程中判断弹性支撑件的缓冲作用的影响，由于弹性支撑件的刚度值是已知且一定，因此上述缓冲作用产生的冲量值可以计算得出。例如，可以通过以下公式推导：当加速度测量装置处于非惯性坐标系时，非惯性坐标系的加速度为a，若标准物达到平衡状态时，则标准物受到的惯性力应为Ma，此时弹性支撑件的压缩量为S，已知弹性支撑件的劲度系数为K，则有关系式Ma＝KS，则知弹性支撑件的冲量ft＝Mat，其中t为时间。
在此应注意，附图中示出而且在本说明书中描述的加速度测量装置仅仅是能够采用本公开原理的许多种加速度测量装置中的几个示例。应当清楚地理解，本公开的原理绝非仅限于附图中示出或本说明书中描述的加速度测量装置的任何细节或加速度测量装置的任何部件。
加速度测量方法实施方式
基于上述对加速度测量装置的示例性说明，以下将对本公开提出的加速度测量方法的一示例性实施方式进行说明。本领域技术人员容易理解的是，为将本公开的相关设计应用于其他测量工艺中，而对下述的具体实施方式做出多种改型、添加、替代、删除或其他变化，这些变化仍在本公开提出的加速度测量方法的原理的范围内。
如图2所示，图2是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种加速度测量方法的流程图。本公开提出的加速度测量方法能够用于测量被测物的加速度，其包括以下步骤：
提供一本公开提出的且在上述实施方式中说明的加速度测量装置；
将加速度测量装置的壳体设置在被测物上；
被测物输出一加速度时，标准物产生位移，电荷耦合器件接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，并根据该光线测量标准物的位移信号；处理器接收该位移信号，并根据以下公式计算得出加速度；
a＝K·S/M
其中，a为加速度，K为弹性支撑件的劲度系数(已知，由计量获得)，S为标准物的在竖直方向上的位移，即为弹性支撑件的压缩量(已知，由CCD探测值换算获得)，M为标准物(亦可理解为质点系)的质量(已知，由计量获得)。
需说明的是，上述的加速度计算公式“a＝K·S/M”具体是通过以下已知公式和步骤推导得出：
∵牛顿第二定律：f＝ma(f.作用力；m.质量；a.加速度)；
∵胡克定律：f＝ks(f.作用力；k.弹簧的劲度系数；s.弹簧的压缩量)；
∴ks＝ma
∴a＝ks/m
∴结合本实施方式中的上述赋值定义，a＝K·S/M。
另外，在对标准物位移，即被测物加速度的计算过程中，在利用标准物模拟与被测物相应的运动状态时，可以在计算加速度的过程中判断弹性支撑件的缓冲作用的影响，由于弹性支撑件的刚度值是已知且一定，因此上述缓冲作用产生的冲量值可以计算得出。例如，可以通过以下公式推导：当加速度测量装置处于非惯性坐标系时，非惯性坐标系的加速度为a，若标准物达到平衡状态时，则标准物受到的惯性力应为Ma，此时弹性支撑件的压缩量为S，已知弹性支撑件的劲度系数为K，则有关系式Ma＝KS，则知弹性支撑件的冲量ft＝Mat，其中t为时间。
在此应注意，附图中示出而且在本说明书中描述的加速度测量方法仅仅是能够采用本公开原理的许多种加速度测量方法中的几个示例。应当清楚地理解，本公开的原理绝非仅限于附图中示出或本说明书中描述的加速度测量方法的任何细节或加速度测量方法的任何步骤。
综上所述，本公开提出的加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法，通过“电荷耦合器件位于透镜上方，用以接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，根据光线测量标准物的位移信号，并计算得出被测物的加速度”的设计，使得加速度测量装置能够利用透镜散射和CCD感测相配合的测量原理，对标准物的位移信息进行测量，从而进一步通过计算测得标准物的加速度，即被测物的加速度。由于将光学系统加入到测量装置中，本公开相较于现有加速度传感器具有更快的响应速度。
再者，随着感光元器件的生产技术日益成熟，本公开相较于现有加速度传感器更具有更低的造价。
以上详细地描述和/或图示了本公开提出的加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法 的示例性实施方式。但本公开的实施方式不限于这里所描述的特定实施方式，相反，每个实施方式的组成部分和/或步骤可与这里所描述的其它组成部分和/或步骤独立和分开使用。一个实施方式的每个组成部分和/或每个步骤也可与其它实施方式的其它组成部分和/或步骤结合使用。在介绍这里所描述和/或图示的要素/组成部分/等时，用语“一个”、“一”和“上述”等用以表示存在一个或多个要素/组成部分/等。术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”用以表示开放式的包括在内的意思并且是指除了列出的要素/组成部分/等之外还可存在另外的要素/组成部分/等。
虽然已根据不同的特定实施例对本公开提出的加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法进行了描述，但本领域技术人员将会认识到可在权利要求的精神和范围内对本公开的实施进行改动。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种加速度测量装置，其中包括：
    壳体，具有内腔，所述内腔具有腔壁、位于该腔壁底端部的底部和与该底部相反的顶部；
    标准物，通过弹性支撑件设于所述内腔中，所述弹性支撑件连接于所述内腔底部与所述标准物之间；
    光源，固定于所述标准物的远离所述内腔的底部的一侧；
    透镜，固定于所述光源的远离所述标准物的一侧；
    图像传感器，固定于所述内腔的顶部且位于所述透镜的远离所述标准物的一侧，用以接收所述光源射出的并经所述透镜散射的光线；以及
    处理器，被配置为根据所述图像传感器接收的所述光线计算所述标准物在竖直方向上的位移信息，并根据所述位移信息计算得出所述标准物的加速度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述标准物固定于一支架中，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述支架之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述标准物之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述加速度测量装置还包括：
    弹性导向件，连接于所述内腔的腔壁与所述标准物之间，以对所述标准物在水平方向上限位。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述弹性导向件为铍青铜片弹簧。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述弹性导向件水平连接于所述标准物的外周与所述内腔腔壁之间。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述标准物固定于一支架中，所述弹性支撑件竖直连接于所述内腔底部与所述支架之间，所述弹性导向件连接于所述内腔腔壁与所述支架之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述加速度测量装置还包括电磁稳定机构，其包括：
    电磁铁，设于所述标准物外周；以及
    电磁线圈，绕设于所述内腔的内壁且与所述电磁铁对应；
    其中，所述图像传感器被配置为检测到所述标准物的位移信息时，所述电磁线圈通入电流并产生磁场，所述电磁铁在该磁场作用下带动所述标准物稳定。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述光源为平行光源。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的加速度测量装置，其中，所述透镜为圆锥形透镜。
  11. 一种加速度测量方法，用于测量一被测物的加速度，其中包括以下步骤：
    提供一加速度测量装置，所述加速度测量装置，包括：
    壳体，具有内腔，所述内腔具有腔壁、位于该腔壁底端部的底部和与该底部相反的顶部；
    标准物，设于所述内腔中，所述内腔底部与所述标准物之间设有一弹性支撑件；
    光源，固定于所述标准物的远离所述内腔的底部的一侧；
    透镜，固定于所述光源的远离所述标准物的一侧；
    图像传感器，固定于所述内腔的顶部且位于所述透镜的远离所述标准物的一侧，用以接收所述光源射出的并经所述透镜散射的光线；以及
    处理器，被配置为根据所述图像传感器接收的所述光线计算所述标准物在竖直方向上的位移信息，并根据所述位移信息计算得出所述标准物的加速度；
    将所述的加速度测量装置的壳体固定在所述被测物上；
    被测物输出一加速度时，标准物产生位移，图像传感器接收光源射出的并经透镜散射的光线，并根据该光线测量标准物的位移信号；处理器根据该位移信号，并根据以下公式计算得出加速度；
    a＝K·S/M
    其中，a为加速度，K为弹性支撑件的劲度系数，S为标准物的在竖直方向上的位移，M为标准物的质量。
PCT/CN2019/089470 2018-06-29 2019-05-31 加速度测量装置及其加速度测量方法 WO2020001231A1 (zh)

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