WO2019237134A1 - Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre - Google Patents

Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237134A1
WO2019237134A1 PCT/VN2018/000005 VN2018000005W WO2019237134A1 WO 2019237134 A1 WO2019237134 A1 WO 2019237134A1 VN 2018000005 W VN2018000005 W VN 2018000005W WO 2019237134 A1 WO2019237134 A1 WO 2019237134A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
waste
air
inlet port
aerobic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/VN2018/000005
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nguyen Van Cach
Tran LIEN HA
Original Assignee
Nguyen Van Cach
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nguyen Van Cach filed Critical Nguyen Van Cach
Priority to PCT/VN2018/000005 priority Critical patent/WO2019237134A1/fr
Publication of WO2019237134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237134A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of environmental technology.
  • This invention relates particularly to the closed aeration chamber for solid organic waste composting provided with an exhaust fan, which creates a negative pressure on the surface of the waste layers and the method of treating solid waste by using such a chamber.
  • Municipal solid waste is currently an imperative issue for urban areas and populated residential areas. Most of the solid waste from these areas is collected and treated in concentrated solid waste treatment zones using the respective treatment methods such as landfilling, incinerating (with or without heat recovery), anaerobic or aerobic composting.
  • the methods and apparatus should be taken to supply oxygen for the chamber, to collect pollutant exhaust released from the chamber during composting process and additionally also to separate leachate from the chamber and to improve the evaporative moisture loss of composted waste materials.
  • the invention proposes an aerobic waste composting chamber with an exhaust fan to create negative pressure on the surface of the waste pile and methods using this aerobic waste composting chamber to collect completely emission exhaust and leachate generated during the organic waste treatment process for transfering to next correlative treatment systems. It is aimed to increase the evaporation to reduce moisture of the composted waste and to improve the efficiency of waste treatment while helping the subsequent treatment.
  • the aerobic waste composting chamber comprising the bottom of the chamber, surrounding walls, a roof of the chamber with an integrated exhaust fan to form an airtight structure when operating.
  • the bottom of the chamber is slightly inclined to one side with the lowest part attached to a leachate collector.
  • the air-supply groove is installed at the bottom of the chamber along the slope of the bottom with one end connected to the air intake port and the other end connected to the leachate collector.
  • a screen is placed on the groove’s surface to prevent the waste falling down to air-supply groove.
  • the exhaust fan is installed on the wall top near edge of the roof of the chamber to collect the exhaust released in the composting process and then transferred through exhaust pipes to next treatment process.
  • a waste inlet port which can be closed to prevent the air leaking. Therefore, after the waste is loaded into the chamber through the waste inlet port, under the effect of the exhaust fan and airtight structure, the negative pressure is created at the surface of waste pile inside the chamber. The air is introduced through the air intake port at the bottom of the chamber to the waste pile to supply oxygen for an aerobic composting process in the chamber.
  • the aerobic waste composting chamber have a waste outlet port is installed in opposite side of the waste inlet port and near the bottom of the chamber.
  • the leachate collector of the chamber is connected to the wastewater treatment system for draining by means of a hydraulic valve or a one-way pump.
  • the aerobic waste composting chamber according to any of the preceding claims wherein the exhaust outlet has a mechanism for partial recirculating the exhausted air back to the chamber.
  • the invention relates to a process of treating solid organic waste by using an aerobic composting chamber, according to the invention, wherein the process comprises of the following steps:
  • microbial preparations containing one or more microbial strains which is capable of decomposing the organic components of the waste to accelerate the composting process of the organic waste.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of aerobic waste composting chamber according to the invention, in which the treatment chamber is constructed with a box structure.
  • Figure 2 is the cross section A-A of the aerobic waste treatment chamber shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the aerobic waste treatment chamber, wherein the aerobic waste treatment chamber is constructed with a cylindrical structure.
  • Figure 4 is the cross-section B-B of the the aerobic waste treatment chamber shown in Figure 2.
  • the aerobic composting chamber for solid waste treatment comprises a bottom portion of the chamber (1), a surrounding wall (2), and a roof (3) forming an airtight structure.
  • the exhaust fan (8) is installed on the top of the wall (2), near edge of the roof of the chamber, the function of the exhaust fan (8) is to suck off the exhaust inside the chamber, after the chamber is loaded with wastes and the inlet port is closed to generate a negative pressure on the surface of the waste during operation.
  • the negative pressure mentioned in this invention is the pressure being lower than atmospheric pressure at which the chamber is located.
  • the bottom portion of the chamber (1) is arranged so that it is slightly inclined from the horizontal plane so that leachate flows itself dowsward to the lower edge.
  • the bottom portion of the chamber is provided with a collecting angle of 2 to 10°.
  • the lowest part of the bottom portion of the chamber (1) is provided with a leachate collector (4) to collect leachate generated during the composting.
  • the air-supply grooves (5) are provided along the slope direction of the bottom portion of the chamber, one end of these grooves communicates with outside through air inlet port (6) and the other end is connected to the leachate collector (4).
  • the air-supply groove (5) serves to collect leachate to the leachate collector (4) and also to supply air from the air vent (6) evenly to the waste (11).
  • a screen (7) is installed on the surface of the air-supply groove (5) in the bottom (1).
  • the exhaust fan (8) is located in proximity to the roof (3) to thoroughly draw out the exhaust gas generated during the waste treament process via an air outlet port (9) which is subjected to the next step of processing exhaust gas.
  • the waste inlet port (10) is arranged on the surrounding wall (2), the inlet port can be in proximity to either the bottom portion of the chamber (1) or the roof (3) depending on the structure of the chamber and an waste feeder ln an embodiment, when a conveyor is used as a waste feeder, the inlet port will be located at a high position close to the roof (3), in contrast if a bucket typed chamber is used, the inlet port will be located at the position close to the bottom (1) and used as a waste outlet port instead of providing two separate ports.
  • the waste inlet port is a sealable door and thus can prevent air from leaking out or entering the chamber.
  • this waste inlet port has a gasket and a sealed up mechanismus enabling to prevent air from penetrating into the chamber. Accordingly, after the waste is filled into the chamber via the waste inlet port (10), by the effect of the exhaust fan (8) the air inside, the chamber is drawn through the air outlet port (9) to generate the negative pressure in the space above the surface of the waste (11).
  • the pressure in the chamber can be controlled by adjusting the capacity of the exhaust fan (8) or adjusting the open angle of the air inlet port (6) in the bottom portion of the chamber (1).
  • a person skilled in the art can readily determine the negative pressure in the chamber based on the capacity of the exhaust fan 8 and the flow of the adjusted air through the open angle of the air inlet port 6.
  • the chamber can be equipped with a pressure sensor and/or a humidity sensor and/or a temperature sensor so that the pressure, humidity and/or temperature inside the chamber can be monitored and thereby the air flow, temperature and/or humidity inside the chamber can be controlled by adjusting the amount of recirculated air, the temperature and/or humidity of the fresh air entering through the open angle of the air inlet port (6).
  • a pressure sensor and/or a humidity sensor and/or a temperature sensor so that the pressure, humidity and/or temperature inside the chamber can be monitored and thereby the air flow, temperature and/or humidity inside the chamber can be controlled by adjusting the amount of recirculated air, the temperature and/or humidity of the fresh air entering through the open angle of the air inlet port (6).
  • the number and size of the air inlet port 6 are not particularly limited, but it is necessary to ensure that supplying air and the flow of the supplied air can be controlled.
  • the leachate and exhaust gas can be collected efficiently without any prevalent emission into the surrounding environment as using the conventional air supplied- aerobic waste treatment systems. Even in the case of the chamber is leaked the exhaust gas generated during the waste disposal can not escape to the surrounding environment due to pressure gradient falls into the chamber, thus the uncontrolled emissions of exhaust gas into the environment can be eliminated.
  • the exhaust gas and leachate generated during the waste disposal obtained from the air outlet port (9) and exhaust valve (14 . ) are directed to exhaust gas and wastewater treatment plants, so that the exhaust gas and leachate can be processed safely achieving the prescribed quality and deodorized before they are discharged into the environment, thus the efficiency of the disposal of waste then can be ensured without causing any secondary pollution to the environment.
  • the chamber for waste disposal also has a waste outlet port (12) opposing to the waste inlet port (10) and close to the bottom portion of the chamber.
  • vent hole structure (13) in the form of a well or provide with the vent holes (13) as air vents inside the pile of waste vertically from top to bottom in the direction of the airflow toward the bottom screen.
  • the vent hole (13) is basically a well or tube in shape having holes on the wall that can promote circulating the diffused air evenly inside the pile of waste so as to increase the efficiency of suppying air for decomposition process.
  • the leachate collector (4) is connected to a wastewater treatment system by the exhaust valve (14) by means of a hydraulic valve or a one-way pump to ensure its air tightness during operation.
  • the aerobic composting chamber for waste disposal is designed as a cylindrical chamber with an exhaust fan (8) and an exhaust outlet port (9) provided on the top of the roof (3) of the equipment; the waste inlet port (10) is arranged on the roof (3).
  • the bottom portion of the chamber (1) is in the form of multiple stands to support the screen (7) and the air-supply groove (5) is the space below the screen (7) and the leachate collector (4).
  • the chamber for waste disposal of the invention can be constructed by brick, concrete, composite materials or metal in the form of a parallelepiped, a cylindrical or spherical shape.
  • the exhaust fan (8) operates to form a air flowing from the outside of the chamber through the air inlet port (6) into the air-supply groove (5) and then dispersing onto the pile of waste (11) in the upward direction using the negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan (8), this process provides oxygen for the growth of the aerobic microorganisms in the pile of waste (1 1). This biodegradation increases the temperature, generates leachate and releases exhaust gas.
  • the waste disposal is as follows:
  • Organic waste, commonly communal solid waste is fed into the chamber through the waste inlet port (10) forming thick layers until reaching a 3/4 to 4/5 volume of the chamber.
  • the thickness of the layer of the filled waste should be sufficient so that the resistance of the waste after the construction of the vent holes (13) is still sufficient to facilitate the diffusion of air through the vent holes (13) and there is still a space between the waste (1 1) and the exhaust fan (8), so that the exhaust fan (8) can draw the air in this space generating a negative pressure on the entire surface of the waste.
  • a microbial preparation comprising one or more microorganisms capable of decomposing organic matters, e.g., microorganisms selected from the group consisting of genus: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Athrobacter, Zooglea, Acinetobater, Citromonas, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Nitrospirillum, Vorticella, Aspicidica, Paramedium, Nocar dia, Microthrix or Sphaerotilus etc., in order to promote the degestion of waste.
  • the microbial preparations promoting this degestion of waste are commercially available and are not intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
  • vent hole (13) is basically an opening in a well or tube liked shape having holes on the wall that can promote circulating the diffused air evenly inside the bulk of waste.
  • the waste inlet port is closed and the exhaust fan (8) is turned on to form a negative pressure on the surface of the waste.
  • the negative pressure according to the invention is lower than the atmospheric pressure and is sufficient to generate a diffused gas from the compostied layer of waste and escape to the surface of the waste and simultaneously collect almost the released exhaust gas from the chamber for the exhaust gas treatment. Accordingly, based on the thickness of the bulk of waste, the operator determines the pressure to be made in the space on the surface of the air by increasing or decreasing the speed of the exhaust fan 8 so that the air is diffused effectively through pile of waste (11).
  • the exhaust gases from the exhaust outlet port are passed to the exhaust gas treatment system so that the treatment is in line with the qualities for discharging waste as in prevailence regulations before being discharged into the environment.
  • microorganisms in the composted waste will degrade the waste to grow and develop so that the temperature of the bulk of waste will be increased.
  • the change in the temperature inside the chamber caused by the biodegradation along with the structure of the vent holes produces more favorable effects for diffusing air in and through the composted waste.
  • Leachate from the leachate collector is transferred to a common wastewater treatment plant.
  • the waste treatment chamber of invention can efficiently overcome the uncontrolled emission of exhaust gases and leaking leachate.
  • the grooves are positioned below the pile of waste and the negative pressure on the surface of waste allows the air to be supplied efficiently and regularly.
  • an exhaust fan it has the effect of creating negative pressure, collecting air released during the treatment process and not requiring an additional air supplied actively.
  • the present invention easily adjusts temperature and pressure of the pile of waste by increasing or decreasing the speed of an exhaust fan and adjusting the openness of the air inlet port. That can enhance qualities of the aerobic degradation of waste and reduce the humidity level of the waste after compostion will be lower so as to facilitate for the next process of separating of humus for fertilizer production.
  • leachate collector positioned at the bottom of the waste pile and the negative pressure generated on the surface of the waste pile, the leaking waste liquid is collected so as to prevent leaking leachate to the surroundings.
  • the chamber of invention can be controlled indirectly from the outside, without worker intervention into the chamber during the treatment process, so it increases the occupational safety and health condition arid cost of the waste treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une chambre de compostage aérobie qui comprend une paroi inférieure (1), une paroi périphérique (2) et un toit formant une structure étanche à l'air avec un ventilateur d'échappement intégré (8) pour créer une pression négative lors du fonctionnement, le fond (1) est légèrement incliné d'un côté, la partie la plus basse est disposée dans un collecteur de lixiviat (4), la rainure d'alimentation en air est agencée sur le fond (5) le long de la pente du fond avec une extrémité reliée à un orifice d'entrée d'air (6) et une autre extrémité reliée au collecteur de lixiviat (4), un crible (7) se trouvant sur la surface de rainure pour empêcher les déchets de tomber dans la rainure d'alimentation en air (5), le ventilateur d'échappement (8) est installé sur la partie supérieure de la paroi (2), près du bord du toit (3) ou sur le toit (3) pour collecter les gaz d'échappement dans le processus de traitement de déchets à travers l'orifice de sortie d'échappement (9) pour transférer des gaz d'échappement, sur la paroi environnante (2) ou le toit (3) un orifice d'entrée de déchets (10) qui peut être fermé pour empêcher l'air de sortir et d'entrer dans la chambre.
PCT/VN2018/000005 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre WO2019237134A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/VN2018/000005 WO2019237134A1 (fr) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/VN2018/000005 WO2019237134A1 (fr) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre

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WO2019237134A1 true WO2019237134A1 (fr) 2019-12-12

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PCT/VN2018/000005 WO2019237134A1 (fr) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 Chambre de compostage aérobie et procédé de traitement de déchets à l'aide d'une telle chambre

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115971218A (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-04-18 北京朝阳环境集团有限公司 一种垃圾仓调控系统及调控方法
GB2628344A (en) * 2023-03-20 2024-09-25 Exel Ind Composter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5597732A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-01-28 Bryan-Brown; Michael Composting apparatus
US6065224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-23 Interlicense Den Haag B.V. Device and process for the aerobic treatment of organic substances
US20170354906A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Xianggen Wu Bioreactor system and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5597732A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-01-28 Bryan-Brown; Michael Composting apparatus
US6065224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-23 Interlicense Den Haag B.V. Device and process for the aerobic treatment of organic substances
US20170354906A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Xianggen Wu Bioreactor system and method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115971218A (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-04-18 北京朝阳环境集团有限公司 一种垃圾仓调控系统及调控方法
CN115971218B (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-07-07 北京朝阳环境集团有限公司 一种垃圾仓调控系统及调控方法
GB2628344A (en) * 2023-03-20 2024-09-25 Exel Ind Composter

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