WO2019230786A1 - Ginger cultivation method - Google Patents

Ginger cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019230786A1
WO2019230786A1 PCT/JP2019/021262 JP2019021262W WO2019230786A1 WO 2019230786 A1 WO2019230786 A1 WO 2019230786A1 JP 2019021262 W JP2019021262 W JP 2019021262W WO 2019230786 A1 WO2019230786 A1 WO 2019230786A1
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Prior art keywords
ginger
water
nanobubble
cultivation
nanobubble water
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PCT/JP2019/021262
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐一 奥山
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株式会社アクアソリューション
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Priority to JP2020522244A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019230786A1/en
Publication of WO2019230786A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019230786A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N31/14—Ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for growing ginger.
  • Ginger is cultivated mainly in the field, and is harvested in about 3 to 6 months by watering (irrigation), topdressing, and chemical spraying after seeds (seed ginger) are planted in the soil. Ginger is generally vulnerable to drying, and it is necessary to supply water frequently during the cultivation period. In addition, ginger is likely to be affected by diseases such as rhizome rot, and pests such as moths, and must be cultivated while controlling the diseases and pests.
  • Patent Literature 1 describes, as a method for cultivating a plant containing ginger, “a plant vital agent containing an organic compound containing no nitrogen atom and having a solubility in 100 g of water of 0.1 mg or less at 25 ° C. "Cultivation method of plant to be treated on plant stem” is described (see [Claim 1] of Patent Document 1).
  • the plant vitality agent is an oil and fat component, and specific examples thereof include higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters, glycerides, hydrocarbons, and silicones.
  • an organic compound that does not contain a nitrogen atom and has a solubility in 100 g of water of 0.1 mg or less at 25 ° C. is adsorbed on the stem of the plant body. It stimulates and contributes to the improvement of plant vitality, and as a result, improvements to plant growth such as an increase in the weight of plant roots and above-ground parts are realized.
  • the yield of ginger depends on the cultivation environment.
  • ginger is vulnerable to drying as described above. For example, if the sun continues, there is a concern that the yield of the year will decrease. Moreover, in a situation where diseases and pests are likely to occur, it is natural that the expected yield cannot be expected. Therefore, regarding the cultivation method of ginger, the development of a cultivation method that is hardly affected by the cultivation environment is required. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the plant activator described in Patent Document 1 can improve the vitality of ginger even under severe cultivation environments. Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the cultivation method of the ginger which is hard to receive to the influence of cultivation environment and can anticipate sufficient yield.
  • the present inventor has found that by using nanobubble water for ginger cultivation, it becomes difficult to be affected by the cultivation environment, and a sufficient yield can be expected. Completed. That is, the present inventor has found that the above problem can be achieved by the following configuration.
  • a method for growing ginger wherein nanobubble water is applied to the ginger being grown.
  • the method for cultivating ginger according to claim 1 wherein at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water is performed.
  • the water spray using the nanobubble water is performed.
  • the cultivation method of the ginger as described.
  • [5] The method for cultivating ginger according to [2] or [3], wherein the agrochemical diluted with the nanobubble water is attached to the leaf surface of the ginger.
  • [6] The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the mode diameter of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is 10 to 500 nm.
  • the ginger according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, ozone and carbon dioxide Cultivation method.
  • [8] The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the nanobubble water has bubbles of 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL to 1 ⁇ 10 10 cells / mL.
  • a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
  • the method for cultivating ginger according to the present invention is a method for cultivating ginger in which nanobubble water is applied to the cultivated ginger.
  • the “nano bubble water” is water containing bubbles having a diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m, and more precisely, water in which nano bubbles are mixed.
  • water mixed with nanobubbles water used to generate nanobubble water (raw water of nanobubble water, for example, well water containing impurities), which is unavoidable due to its properties, etc.
  • water containing nanobubbles is excluded from the above-mentioned “water mixed with nanobubbles”.
  • the bubble diameter (particle diameter) contained in the nanobubble water, and the mode particle diameter and the number of bubbles described later are values obtained by measuring the Brownian movement speed of the bubbles in water using the nanoparticle tracking analysis method.
  • the diameter can be calculated from the speed of the Brownian motion of the particle, and the mode particle diameter exists.
  • the mode diameter can be confirmed from the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles.
  • nanobubble water is applied to the ginger being cultivated as described above.
  • the cultivation of ginger is less affected by the cultivation environment, and a sufficient harvest amount can be expected at the time of harvest.
  • a sufficient yield can be ensured even in an environment where drought continues.
  • the application mode of the nanobubble water is not particularly limited.
  • it may be used for watering in soil cultivation, and spraying of agricultural chemicals in soil cultivation (strictly, diluted with nanobubble water) It may be used for the application of agrochemicals), may be used for the production of culture solution supplied in hydroponic culture (hydroponic, spray plowing, or solid medium plowing), or for simultaneous irrigation in hydroponic culture It may be used.
  • the pesticide diluted with the nanobubble water may be sprayed, or the nanobubble water and the pesticide may be sprayed separately (in a state separated from each other).
  • the application mode described above is merely an example, and any mode can be used as long as the nanobubble water can be suitably applied during the cultivation process of ginger.
  • the operation is simple and can effectively control the weevil that feeds on the ginger, at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water is performed. It is preferable to carry out both the watering using the nanobubble water and the spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water.
  • the control effect of the weevil by application of the said nano bubble water comes to be exhibited notably.
  • watering using the nanobubble water is carried out for the purpose of replenishing water to the ginger during cultivation.
  • the embodiment is not particularly limited, as an example, specifically, an embodiment in which the nanobubble water is sprayed or discharged on the soil in which the ginger is planted, and an embodiment in which the nanobubble water is dropped on the soil.
  • buried in the soil are mentioned.
  • count of a watering process since it changes according to a cultivation area, the weather, etc., it is not specifically limited, At least the time immediately after planting a seed (seed ginger) and the time when a cotyledon begins to emerge on the ground It is desirable to carry out. In addition, for the reason that a sufficient yield can be secured even in an environment where drought continues, the water spraying process is carried out using the above nanobubble water during the ginger cultivation process when the rainy season lasts except for rainy days. Then, it is more desirable.
  • the “period corresponding to the rainy season” is a period when a certain amount or more of precipitation is expected in an ordinary year, and in Japan is a period from June to August.
  • the water spraying step is carried out using the nanobubble water when the number of days other than rainy days in this period, specifically, the days of fine weather, fine weather, and cloudy continues for a predetermined number of days (for example, about two weeks) or more, More desirable.
  • the soil that is the medium of the ginger dries and the ginger leaves wither during the cultivation period of the ginger and the rainy season
  • watering using the nanobubble water is performed. It is good to carry out.
  • “ginger leaf dies” means that the ginger leaf (particularly the tip) is browned and wilted due to lack of water.
  • the rainy season is when the number of leaves on the ground during the growth stage of the ginger is 4 to 6 or more in terms of more effectively demonstrating that sufficient harvest can be secured even in drought-prone environments. Therefore, it is more desirable to perform the watering step using the nanobubble water when days other than rainy days continue for a predetermined number of days or more during the period.
  • the cultivation method of ginger is not particularly limited, but specifically, for example, a mode in which ginger is cultivated in outdoor cultivation, and a mode in which ginger is cultivated in facility cultivation using a greenhouse, a hotbed, and the like. Can be mentioned.
  • the aspect in which ginger is cultivated in open field cultivation is more desirable in that the effect that a sufficient yield can be ensured even in an environment where drought continues continues.
  • the application of the agrochemical diluted with the nanobubble water is carried out for the purpose of controlling diseases that can develop during the cultivation period of ginger and pests that inhibit the growth of ginger.
  • the pesticides effective for diseases that can develop in ginger include, for example, benrate wettable powder effective for blast disease, Daconil 1000 effective for white spot disease and blight disease, Examples include Ranman flowable effective for rhizome rot and Moncut flowable 40 effective for blight.
  • pesticides that are effective against pests that can damage ginger include: Sabrina flowable, effective for caterpillars, cigarette moths, and diamondback moths; Toaro wettable powder CT that is effective for Aomushi, Tobacco moth, and diamondback moth, etc .; Oltran wettable powder, effective for Awanomeiga, etc .; Sabrina flowable, Zentari granular wettable powder, Prevason flowable, Ortran wettable powder, Marathon emulsion, Sumithion emulsion, Benica vegetfull emulsion, Benica R emulsion, Benica S emulsion, Elsan emulsion, Ensedan emulsion, Phoenix granule wettable powder, pleo-flowable, match emulsion, sabrina flowable, and the like.
  • the agricultural chemical is diluted with the nanobubble water and sprayed in a liquid state.
  • the method for spraying the pesticide is not particularly limited.
  • the nanobubble water and the pesticide are sprayed or dropped on the soil or the ginger in which the ginger is planted. From the flying object flying over the above, the aspect of scattering the nanobubble water and pesticide, the aspect of discharging the nanobubble water and the pesticide by applying pressure from the nozzle of the sprinkler, and the drip tube embedded in the soil, The aspect etc. which flow out the said nano bubble water and an agricultural chemical in soil are mentioned.
  • the concentration of the pesticide after dilution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.00001 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.00005 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nanobubble water. Is more preferable.
  • the timing of pesticide spraying is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the cultivation area, the weather, the time when illness is likely to occur, and the time when pests are likely to breed. In terms of control, it is desirable to carry it out at the time when the rainy season ends (for example, when the rainy season ends).
  • the weevil becomes easy to reproduce when drought continues. Therefore, during the cultivation process of ginger, if a day other than rainy days continues for a certain number of days or more in the rainy season (for example, the rainy season), dilute the pesticide effective for weevil with the above nanobubble water, It is good to spray the pesticide.
  • the number of times of pesticide spraying is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the type of pesticide and the like, and it may be performed once or more.
  • Examples of the method for producing the nanobubble water applied in the ginger cultivation method of the present invention include, for example, a static mixer method, a venturi method, a cavitation method, a steam agglomeration method, an ultrasonic method, a swirl flow method, a pressure dissolution method, And a fine pore method.
  • a generating method using an apparatus that does not intentionally generate radicals is preferable, and specifically, for example, [0080] to [0080] of JP-A-2018-15715. [0100] and a method of generating using the nanobubble generator described in the paragraph. The above contents are incorporated in the present specification.
  • Nanobubble generation devices that do not intentionally generate radicals include, for example, a liquid discharger that discharges water, a gas mixer that pressurizes and mixes gas into water discharged from the liquid discharger, and A microbubble generator for generating microbubbles in water by passing water mixed with gas inside, wherein the gas mixer includes the liquid ejector and the microbubble generator There is a fine bubble generating device that pressurizes and mixes gas into the liquid flowing toward the fine bubble generator in a pressurized state between the vessels.
  • a nanobubble generating device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a liquid discharger 30, a gas mixing device 40, and a nanobubble generating nozzle 50 therein.
  • the liquid discharger 30 is configured by a pump, and takes in and discharges nanobubble water raw water (for example, well water).
  • the gas mixing device 40 includes a container 41 in which compressed gas is sealed and a substantially cylindrical gas mixing device main body 42. While flowing water discharged from the liquid discharge device 30 into the gas mixing device main body 42, The compressed gas in the container 41 is introduced into the gas mixing machine main body 42. As a result, gas-containing water is generated in the gas-mixing machine main body 42.
  • the nanobubble generation nozzle 50 generates nanobubbles in the gas-mixed water according to the principle of pressure dissolution by passing the gas-mixed water through the nozzle, and the structure thereof is described in JP-A-2018-15715.
  • the same structure as the nanobubble generating nozzle made can be adopted.
  • the nanobubble water generated in the nanobubble generating nozzle 50 is ejected from the tip of the nanobubble generating nozzle 50, then flows out from the nanobubble generating device 10, and is sent toward a predetermined usage destination through a flow path (not shown).
  • the gas mixing device 40 is compressed into water (raw water) flowing toward the nanobubble generating nozzle 50 in a pressurized state between the liquid discharger 30 and the nanobubble generating nozzle 50. Mix gas.
  • the gas since the gas is mixed in the water in a pressurized (compressed) state, the gas can be mixed against the pressure of the water at the gas mixing location. For this reason, it becomes possible to mix gas into water appropriately, without generating a negative pressure especially in a gas mixing location.
  • a flow path of water supplied from a water source such as a well or water supply is connected to the suction side of the liquid discharger 30 and flows into the liquid discharger 30 from the upstream side of the liquid discharger 30 in the flow path.
  • the water pressure (that is, the water pressure on the suction side) may be positive. In this case, the above configuration becomes more meaningful.
  • the cultivation method of the ginger of this invention may have the production
  • the method for cultivating ginger according to the present invention is a method for cultivating ginger that further includes a production step of taking water (raw water) from a water source such as a water storage tank, well or water supply into a nanobubble production device to produce nanobubble water. May be.
  • a method of taking water from the water source into the nano bubble generating device for example, a method of supplying water pumped up from the water source using a dredger or a pump to the nano bubble generating device, and between the water source and the nano bubble generating device.
  • a method of directly connecting water from the flow path to the nanobubble generating device by connecting the laid channel to the nanobubble generating device can be used.
  • the water (raw water) used for producing the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, and for example, rain water, tap water, well water, surface water, agricultural water, distilled water, and the like can be used. Such water may have been subjected to other treatments before being used for generation of nanobubble water. Examples of other treatments include pH adjustment, precipitation, filtration, and sterilization (sterilization). Specifically, for example, when agricultural water is used, the agricultural water after at least one of precipitation and filtration may be used.
  • the mode particle diameter of the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is preferably 10 to 500 nm, and preferably 30 to 300 nm. More preferably, it is more preferably 70 to 130 nm.
  • the gas constituting the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of remaining in water for a long time, a gas other than hydrogen is preferable, specifically, for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, Examples include carbon dioxide and ozone.
  • a gas other than hydrogen is preferable, specifically, for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine
  • oxygen is contained for the reason that the growth of the water becomes good and the bubbles can remain for a longer time.
  • including oxygen means containing at a concentration higher than the oxygen concentration in the air.
  • nitrogen and carbon dioxide is about the density
  • the nanobubble water preferably has bubbles of 1 ⁇ 10 8 / mL to 1 ⁇ 10 10 / mL because the cultivation of ginger is more difficult to be affected by the cultivation environment. More preferably, it has more than 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL and less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cells / mL for the reason that the balance between bubble generation time and bubble persistence is good. It is more preferable to have bubbles of ⁇ 10 8 / mL to 5 ⁇ 10 9 / mL.
  • the nanobubble water may contain components other than the agrochemicals described above.
  • the other components include fertilizers, surfactants, antifreezing agents, antifoaming agents, preservatives, antioxidants, and thickeners.
  • the kind of said other component and content are not specifically limited, It can select according to the objective.
  • radicals are not substantially contained in the nanobubble water as the other component.
  • a case where a radical generated by some artificial manipulation is mixed does not mean that the radical is not substantially contained.
  • Test Zone I Ginger was cultivated in open field cultivation, and nanobubble water was used for watering the ginger and diluting the agricultural chemical to be sprayed (specifically, Trebon powder).
  • Test Zone II Growing ginger in open-air cultivation, sprinkling water into the ginger, and normal water (water that does not contain nanobubbles) without using nanobubble water to dilute the pesticides (specifically, trebon powder) ) was used. In each test plot, 1500 seedlings were planted and cultivated according to a conventional method.
  • Nanobubble water generates bubbles (nanobubbles) in water using a nanobubble generator (Kakuichi Seisakusho Aqua Solution Division (currently Aqua Solution Co., Ltd., 100 V, 10 L / min type) using the pressure dissolution method. It was generated by letting.
  • the water (raw water) used for producing the nanobubble water was tap water, and the type of gas constituting the bubbles was oxygen (industrial oxygen, concentration: 99.5% by volume).
  • the conditions for generating nanobubbles using the nanobubble generating apparatus described above were as follows. Number of bubbles per mL of water: 5 ⁇ 10 8 / mL Bubble size (mode particle diameter): 100 nm
  • FIG. 2 shows an image of the ginger in the test area I
  • FIG. 3 shows an image of the ginger in the test area II.
  • Each figure shows the ginger for one strain selected in each test area. The length of the width measured by lying down is shown.
  • the yield in the test area I the year 2017 when the test was conducted was a year in which the rainfall during the rainy season was less than the usual year, and the harvest was originally higher than the usual year. Although it was expected to decrease, the yield of Test Zone I was about 700 kg, which exceeded the average annual yield (about 600 kg / year). From the above results, the effect of applying nanobubble water to the ginger during cultivation became clear.
  • ginger can efficiently absorb moisture by sprinkling nanobubble water when days other than rainy days (rainy days, sunny days, and cloudy days) continue to be drought during the rainy season,
  • the medicinal effects of the pesticides were effectively demonstrated, and it became possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases.
  • the ginger grew well and a yield exceeding the usual year was obtained.

Abstract

The present invention addresses the issue of providing a ginger cultivation method that is unlikely to be affected by the cultivation environment and whereby a sufficient harvest volume can be expected. This ginger cultivation method applies nanobubble water to ginger being cultivated.

Description

生姜の栽培方法Ginger cultivation method
　本発明は、生姜の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for growing ginger.
　生姜は、主に畑で栽培され、種（種生姜）を土壌中に植え付けた後に給水（灌水）、追肥、及び薬剤散布を実施することで、約３～６ヶ月で収穫される。
　生姜は、一般的に乾燥に弱く、栽培期間中はこまめに給水する必要がある。また、生姜は、根茎腐敗病等の病気、及びメイガ類等の害虫に侵される虞があり、病気及び害虫を防除しながら栽培する必要がある。 Ginger is cultivated mainly in the field, and is harvested in about 3 to 6 months by watering (irrigation), topdressing, and chemical spraying after seeds (seed ginger) are planted in the soil.
Ginger is generally vulnerable to drying, and it is necessary to supply water frequently during the cultivation period. In addition, ginger is likely to be affected by diseases such as rhizome rot, and pests such as moths, and must be cultivated while controlling the diseases and pests.
　一方、生姜の栽培では、根茎（塊茎）の肥大化を促進させて収穫量の増加を図ることが農業経営上、重要となる。そのため、これまでに、上述した生姜の特性を考慮しつつ、根茎を十分に肥大化させるための栽培技術が開発されてきた。その一例を挙げると、特許文献１には、生姜を含む植物の栽培方法として、「水１００ｇに対する溶解度が２５℃で０．１ｍｇ以下である窒素原子を含まない有機化合物を含有する植物活力剤を植物の茎部に処理する植物の栽培方法」が記載されている（特許文献１の［請求項１］を参照）。ここで、植物活力剤は、油脂成分であり、具体的には、例えば高級アルコール、脂肪酸類、エステル類、グリセリド類、炭化水素類及びシリコーン等が挙げられる。
　上記の特許文献１に記載の栽培方法によれば、水１００ｇに対する溶解度が２５℃で０．１ｍｇ以下である窒素原子を含まない有機化合物が植物体の茎部に吸着されるため、これが適度な刺激となり植物の活力向上に寄与し、結果として、植物の根及び地上部の重量増加等の植物成長に対する改善が実現される。 On the other hand, in the cultivation of ginger, it is important for agricultural management to promote the enlargement of rhizomes (tubers) to increase the yield. Therefore, until now, cultivation techniques for sufficiently enlarging the rhizomes have been developed in consideration of the characteristics of the above-mentioned ginger. As an example, Patent Literature 1 describes, as a method for cultivating a plant containing ginger, “a plant vital agent containing an organic compound containing no nitrogen atom and having a solubility in 100 g of water of 0.1 mg or less at 25 ° C. "Cultivation method of plant to be treated on plant stem" is described (see [Claim 1] of Patent Document 1). Here, the plant vitality agent is an oil and fat component, and specific examples thereof include higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters, glycerides, hydrocarbons, and silicones.
According to the cultivation method described in Patent Document 1, an organic compound that does not contain a nitrogen atom and has a solubility in 100 g of water of 0.1 mg or less at 25 ° C. is adsorbed on the stem of the plant body. It stimulates and contributes to the improvement of plant vitality, and as a result, improvements to plant growth such as an increase in the weight of plant roots and above-ground parts are realized.
特開２００７－１９５５４６号公報JP 2007-195546 A
　ところで、生姜の収穫量は、栽培環境に依存する。特に、生姜は、前述したように乾燥に弱く、例えば日照りが続くと、その年の収穫量が減少することが懸念される。また、病気及び害虫が発生し易い状況では、当然ながら期待通りの収穫量が望めなくなる。
　そのため、生姜の栽培方法に関して、栽培環境の影響を受け難い栽培方法の開発が求められている。一方、特許文献１に記載の植物活性剤は、厳しい栽培環境下においても生姜の活力を向上させ得るものであるかが不明である。
　そこで、本発明は、栽培環境の影響を受け難く、且つ十分な収穫量を見込める生姜の栽培方法を提供することを課題とする。 By the way, the yield of ginger depends on the cultivation environment. In particular, ginger is vulnerable to drying as described above. For example, if the sun continues, there is a concern that the yield of the year will decrease. Moreover, in a situation where diseases and pests are likely to occur, it is natural that the expected yield cannot be expected.
Therefore, regarding the cultivation method of ginger, the development of a cultivation method that is hardly affected by the cultivation environment is required. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the plant activator described in Patent Document 1 can improve the vitality of ginger even under severe cultivation environments.
Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the cultivation method of the ginger which is hard to receive to the influence of cultivation environment and can anticipate sufficient yield.
　本発明者は、上記課題を達成すべく鋭意検討した結果、生姜の栽培にナノバブル水を用いることにより、栽培環境の影響を受け難くなり、且つ十分な収穫量を見込めることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
　すなわち、本発明者は、以下の構成により上記課題を達成することができることを見出した。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that by using nanobubble water for ginger cultivation, it becomes difficult to be affected by the cultivation environment, and a sufficient yield can be expected. Completed.
That is, the present inventor has found that the above problem can be achieved by the following configuration.
　［１］　ナノバブル水を栽培中の生姜に施用する、生姜の栽培方法。
　［２］　上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水、及び、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布のうち、少なくとも一方を実施する、請求項１に記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［３］　生姜の栽培期間中、雨季に該当する時期において、生姜の培地である土壌が乾燥して生姜の葉が枯れた場合に、上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水を実施する、［２］に記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［４］　露地栽培によって生姜を栽培する、［１］～［３］のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［５］　上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を生姜の葉面に付着させる、［２］又は［３］に記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［６］　上記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡の最頻粒子径が１０～５００ｎｍである、［１］～［５］のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［７］　上記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡が、酸素、窒素、オゾン及び二酸化炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の気体を含む、［１］～［６］のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。
　［８］　上記ナノバブル水が、１×１０８個／ｍＬ～１×１０１０個／ｍＬの気泡を有する、［１］～［７］のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。 [1] A method for growing ginger, wherein nanobubble water is applied to the ginger being grown.
[2] The method for cultivating ginger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water is performed.
[3] In the period corresponding to the rainy season during the ginger cultivation period, when the soil that is the medium of the ginger dries and the ginger leaves wither, the water spray using the nanobubble water is performed. The cultivation method of the ginger as described.
[4] The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein ginger is cultivated by open field cultivation.
[5] The method for cultivating ginger according to [2] or [3], wherein the agrochemical diluted with the nanobubble water is attached to the leaf surface of the ginger.
[6] The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the mode diameter of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is 10 to 500 nm.
[7] The ginger according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, ozone and carbon dioxide Cultivation method.
[8] The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the nanobubble water has bubbles of 1 × 10 8 cells / mL to 1 × 10 10 cells / mL.
　本発明によれば、栽培環境の影響を受け難く、且つ十分な収穫量を見込める生姜の栽培方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for cultivating ginger that is not easily affected by the cultivation environment and that allows for a sufficient harvest.
ナノバブル生成装置の一例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a nano bubble production | generation apparatus. 試験区Ｉで収穫された生姜の画像である。It is the image of the ginger harvested in the test area I. 試験区ＩＩで収穫された生姜の画像である。It is the image of the ginger harvested in Test Zone II.
　以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
　以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。
　なお、本願明細書において、「～」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「～」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The description of the constituent elements described below may be made based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
In the specification of the present application, a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
　本発明の生姜の栽培方法は、ナノバブル水を栽培中の生姜に施用する、生姜の栽培方法である。 The method for cultivating ginger according to the present invention is a method for cultivating ginger in which nanobubble water is applied to the cultivated ginger.
　ここで、「ナノバブル水」とは、直径が１μｍ未満の気泡を含む水であって、より正確には、ナノバブルを混入させた水である。なお、「ナノバブルを混入させた水」に関して付言すると、ナノバブル水の生成に使用する水（ナノバブル水の原水であり、例えば、不純物を含む井水）であって、その性質等に起因して不可避的にナノバブルを含んでいる水は、上記の「ナノバブルを混入させた水」から除外される。
　ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡の直径（粒子径）、並びに、後述する気泡の最頻粒子径及び気泡の個数は、水中の気泡のブラウン運動移動速度を、ナノ粒子トラッキング解析法を用いて測定した値であり、本明細書においては、ナノ粒子解析システム ナノサイトシリーズ（NanoSight社製）により測定した数値を採用する。
　なお、ナノ粒子解析システム ナノサイトシリーズ（NanoSight社製）では、直径（粒子径）は、粒子のブラウン運動の速度を計測し、その速度から算出することができ、最頻粒子径は、存在するナノ粒子の粒子径分布から、モード径として確認することができる。 Here, the “nano bubble water” is water containing bubbles having a diameter of less than 1 μm, and more precisely, water in which nano bubbles are mixed. In addition, with regard to “water mixed with nanobubbles”, water used to generate nanobubble water (raw water of nanobubble water, for example, well water containing impurities), which is unavoidable due to its properties, etc. In particular, water containing nanobubbles is excluded from the above-mentioned “water mixed with nanobubbles”.
The bubble diameter (particle diameter) contained in the nanobubble water, and the mode particle diameter and the number of bubbles described later are values obtained by measuring the Brownian movement speed of the bubbles in water using the nanoparticle tracking analysis method. In this specification, numerical values measured by the nanoparticle analysis system Nanosite Series (manufactured by NanoSight) are adopted.
In the nanoparticle analysis system Nanosite Series (manufactured by NanoSight), the diameter (particle diameter) can be calculated from the speed of the Brownian motion of the particle, and the mode particle diameter exists. The mode diameter can be confirmed from the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles.
　本発明の生姜の栽培方法では、以上のように、ナノバブル水を栽培中の生姜に施用する。これにより、生姜の栽培が栽培環境の影響を受け難くなり、且つ収穫時には十分な収穫量を見込める。具体的には、渇水が続く環境下であっても収穫時には十分な収穫量を確保することが可能となる。こうした効果が得られる理由については、詳細には明らかではないが、本発明者は以下のように推測している。
　すなわち、本発明によって渇水が続く環境下であっても十分な収穫量を確保することができる一つの理由は、ナノバブル水は、ナノバブルを含まない通常の水よりも培地中（特に、土壌中）に浸透し易く、降雨量が少なく乾燥した環境であっても、ナノバブル水を散水することで、生姜が良好に水分を吸収できるようになるためであると考えられる。
　また、本発明によって渇水が続く環境下であっても十分な収穫量を確保することができる他の理由は、農薬が上述したナノバブル水との併用によって展着され易くなり、植物体の表皮等に付着した農薬が比較的長い期間付着し続けるので、農薬の薬効が長期に亘って持続されるためであると考えられる。つまり、通常であれば病気及び害虫が発生し易い状況であっても、ナノバブル水を併用して農薬を散布することで、生姜に発生し得る病気及び害虫を効果的に防除することが可能であると考えられる。 In the ginger cultivation method of the present invention, nanobubble water is applied to the ginger being cultivated as described above. As a result, the cultivation of ginger is less affected by the cultivation environment, and a sufficient harvest amount can be expected at the time of harvest. Specifically, even in an environment where drought continues, it is possible to secure a sufficient yield at the time of harvest. The reason why such an effect is obtained is not clear in detail, but the present inventor presumes as follows.
That is, according to the present invention, one reason why a sufficient yield can be ensured even in an environment where drought continues is that nanobubble water is more in the medium (especially in soil) than normal water that does not contain nanobubbles. This is thought to be because the ginger can absorb water well by sprinkling nanobubble water even in a dry environment with low rainfall and easy to penetrate.
In addition, according to the present invention, another reason why a sufficient yield can be ensured even in an environment where drought continues is that the agricultural chemicals are easily spread by the combined use with the above-described nanobubble water, and the epidermis of the plant body, etc. This is probably because the pesticides attached to the pesticides remain attached for a relatively long period of time, so that the efficacy of the pesticides is sustained over a long period of time. In other words, even in situations where diseases and pests are likely to occur normally, it is possible to effectively control diseases and pests that can occur in ginger by spraying pesticides together with nanobubble water. It is believed that there is.
　本発明において、上記ナノバブル水の施用態様については、特に限定されないが、例えば、土耕栽培における散水に用いてもよく、土耕栽培における農薬の散布（厳密には、ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布）に用いてもよく、養液栽培（水耕、噴霧耕、若しくは固形培地耕）において供給する培養液の生成に用いてもよく、若しくは、養液土耕栽培において灌水同時施肥に用いてもよい。また、農薬散布に関して言えば、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を散布してもよく、上記ナノバブル水及び農薬を別々に（互いに分離した状態で）散布してもよい。
　以上の施用態様は、あくまでも一例に過ぎず、生姜の栽培過程で上記ナノバブル水を好適に施用できる態様であればよい。なお、操作が簡便であり、生姜を食害するヨトウムシを効果的に防除できる理由から、上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水、及び、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布のうち、少なくとも一方を実施するのが好ましく、上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水、及び、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布の双方を実施するのがより好ましい。
　また、土耕栽培、特に露地栽培であれば、上記ナノバブル水の施用によるヨトウムシの防除効果が際立って発揮されるようになる。 In the present invention, the application mode of the nanobubble water is not particularly limited. For example, it may be used for watering in soil cultivation, and spraying of agricultural chemicals in soil cultivation (strictly, diluted with nanobubble water) It may be used for the application of agrochemicals), may be used for the production of culture solution supplied in hydroponic culture (hydroponic, spray plowing, or solid medium plowing), or for simultaneous irrigation in hydroponic culture It may be used. In addition, regarding pesticide spraying, the pesticide diluted with the nanobubble water may be sprayed, or the nanobubble water and the pesticide may be sprayed separately (in a state separated from each other).
The application mode described above is merely an example, and any mode can be used as long as the nanobubble water can be suitably applied during the cultivation process of ginger. In addition, since the operation is simple and can effectively control the weevil that feeds on the ginger, at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water is performed. It is preferable to carry out both the watering using the nanobubble water and the spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water.
Moreover, if it is soil cultivation cultivation, especially outdoor cultivation, the control effect of the weevil by application of the said nano bubble water comes to be exhibited notably.
　本発明において、上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水は、栽培中の生姜に対して水分を補給する目的で実施される。その実施態様については、特に限定されるものではないが、一例としては、具体的には、生姜が植えられた土壌に上記ナノバブル水を噴霧又は放水する態様、土壌に上記ナノバブル水を滴下する態様、及び、土壌中に埋設された点滴チューブから土壌中に上記ナノバブル水を散水（灌水）する態様等が挙げられる。また、それぞれの態様では、上記ナノバブル水を単独で用いてもよく、あるいは、上記ナノバブル水と養液（液状肥料）とを混合させた状態で用いてもよい。 In the present invention, watering using the nanobubble water is carried out for the purpose of replenishing water to the ginger during cultivation. Although the embodiment is not particularly limited, as an example, specifically, an embodiment in which the nanobubble water is sprayed or discharged on the soil in which the ginger is planted, and an embodiment in which the nanobubble water is dropped on the soil. And the aspect etc. which sprinkle (irrigate) the said nano bubble water in soil from the drip tube embed | buried in the soil are mentioned. Moreover, in each aspect, you may use the said nano bubble water independently, or may use it in the state which mixed the said nano bubble water and nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer).
　また、散水工程の実施時期及び回数については、栽培地域及び天候等に応じて異なるため特に限定されないが、少なくとも、種（種生姜）の植え付け直後、及び、発芽して子葉が地上に出始める時期に実施するのが望ましい。
　また、渇水が続く環境下でも十分な収穫量を確保できるという理由から、生姜の栽培過程中、雨季に該当する時期において雨天日以外が続いた場合に、上記ナノバブル水を用いて散水工程を実施すると、より望ましい。ここで、「雨季に該当する時期」とは、例年であれば一定量以上の降水量が見込まれる時期であり、日本であれば６月～８月の時期である。この時期において雨天日以外の日、具体的には、晴天、晴れ及び曇りの日数が所定日数（例えば、２週間程度）以上連続した場合に、上記ナノバブル水を用いて散水工程を実施すると、より一層望ましい。
　より一層好ましい散水の態様を述べると、生姜の栽培期間中、雨季に該当する時期において、生姜の培地である土壌が乾燥して生姜の葉が枯れた場合に、上記ナノバブル水を用いた散水を実施するのがよい。ここで、「生姜の葉が枯れる」とは、水分不足によって生姜の葉（特に、先端部）が褐色化して萎れた状態となることである。
　さらに、渇水が続く環境下でも十分な収穫量を確保できるという効果をより有効に発揮させる点では、生姜の生育段階において地上に出た葉の枚数が４～６枚以上となる時期が梅雨時期にあたるので、その期間中において雨天日以外の日が所定日数以上連続した場合に上記ナノバブル水を用いて散水工程を実施すると、より一層望ましい。 Moreover, about the implementation time and frequency | count of a watering process, since it changes according to a cultivation area, the weather, etc., it is not specifically limited, At least the time immediately after planting a seed (seed ginger) and the time when a cotyledon begins to emerge on the ground It is desirable to carry out.
In addition, for the reason that a sufficient yield can be secured even in an environment where drought continues, the water spraying process is carried out using the above nanobubble water during the ginger cultivation process when the rainy season lasts except for rainy days. Then, it is more desirable. Here, the “period corresponding to the rainy season” is a period when a certain amount or more of precipitation is expected in an ordinary year, and in Japan is a period from June to August. When the water spraying step is carried out using the nanobubble water when the number of days other than rainy days in this period, specifically, the days of fine weather, fine weather, and cloudy continues for a predetermined number of days (for example, about two weeks) or more, More desirable.
To describe a more preferable embodiment of watering, when the soil that is the medium of the ginger dries and the ginger leaves wither during the cultivation period of the ginger and the rainy season, watering using the nanobubble water is performed. It is good to carry out. Here, “ginger leaf dies” means that the ginger leaf (particularly the tip) is browned and wilted due to lack of water.
In addition, the rainy season is when the number of leaves on the ground during the growth stage of the ginger is 4 to 6 or more in terms of more effectively demonstrating that sufficient harvest can be secured even in drought-prone environments. Therefore, it is more desirable to perform the watering step using the nanobubble water when days other than rainy days continue for a predetermined number of days or more during the period.
　本発明において、生姜の栽培方式については、特に限定されないが、例えば、具体的には、露地栽培で生姜を栽培する態様、並びに、温室及び温床などを用いた施設栽培で生姜を栽培する態様が挙げられる。これらの態様のうち、渇水が続く環境下でも十分な収穫量を確保できるという効果を一際有効に発揮させる点では、露地栽培で生姜を栽培する態様の方が、より望ましい。 In the present invention, the cultivation method of ginger is not particularly limited, but specifically, for example, a mode in which ginger is cultivated in outdoor cultivation, and a mode in which ginger is cultivated in facility cultivation using a greenhouse, a hotbed, and the like. Can be mentioned. Among these aspects, the aspect in which ginger is cultivated in open field cultivation is more desirable in that the effect that a sufficient yield can be ensured even in an environment where drought continues continues.
　本発明において、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布は、生姜の栽培期間中に発病し得る病気、及び、生姜の生育を阻害する害虫を防除する目的で実施される。ここで、生姜の栽培に用いられる農薬のうち、生姜に発症し得る病気に有効な農薬としては、例えば、いもち病に有効なベンレート水和剤、白星病及び紋枯病に有効なダコニール１０００、根茎腐敗病に有効なランマンフロアブル、並びに紋枯病に有効なモンカットフロアブル４０等が挙げられる。
　また、生姜に被害を及ぼし得る害虫に有効な農薬としては、例えば、
　アオムシ、オオタバコガ、及びコナガ等に有効な、サブリナフロアブル；
　アオムシ、オオタバコガ及びコナガ等に有効な、トアロー水和剤ＣＴ；
　アワノメイガ等に有効な、オルトラン水和剤；
　ハスモンヨトウ及びヨトウムシ等に有効な、サブリナフロアブル、ゼンターリ粒状水和剤、プレバソンフロアブル、オルトラン水和剤、マラソン乳剤、スミチオン乳剤、ベニカベジフル乳剤、ベニカＲ乳剤、ベニカＳ乳剤、エルサン乳剤、エンセダン乳剤、フェニックス顆粒水和剤、プレオフロアブル、マッチ乳剤、及びサブリナフロアブル等が挙げられる。 In the present invention, the application of the agrochemical diluted with the nanobubble water is carried out for the purpose of controlling diseases that can develop during the cultivation period of ginger and pests that inhibit the growth of ginger. Here, among the pesticides used for the cultivation of ginger, the pesticides effective for diseases that can develop in ginger include, for example, benrate wettable powder effective for blast disease, Daconil 1000 effective for white spot disease and blight disease, Examples include Ranman flowable effective for rhizome rot and Moncut flowable 40 effective for blight.
In addition, pesticides that are effective against pests that can damage ginger include:
Sabrina flowable, effective for caterpillars, cigarette moths, and diamondback moths;
Toaro wettable powder CT that is effective for Aomushi, Tobacco moth, and diamondback moth, etc .;
Oltran wettable powder, effective for Awanomeiga, etc .;
Sabrina flowable, Zentari granular wettable powder, Prevason flowable, Ortran wettable powder, Marathon emulsion, Sumithion emulsion, Benica vegetfull emulsion, Benica R emulsion, Benica S emulsion, Elsan emulsion, Ensedan emulsion, Phoenix granule wettable powder, pleo-flowable, match emulsion, sabrina flowable, and the like.
　また、本発明において、農薬は、上記ナノバブル水によって希釈されて液状態で散布されることになっている。農薬を散布する方式については、特に限定されるものではないが、一例を挙げると、生姜が植えられた土壌又は生姜に向けて、上記ナノバブル水及び農薬を噴霧又は滴下する態様、生姜の栽培エリアの上空を飛行する飛行体から、上記ナノバブル水及び農薬を飛散させる態様、スプリンクラーのノズルから圧力を掛けて、上記ナノバブル水及び農薬を吐出する態様、及び、土壌中に埋設された点滴チューブから、上記ナノバブル水及び農薬を土壌中に流出させる態様等が挙げられる。 In the present invention, the agricultural chemical is diluted with the nanobubble water and sprayed in a liquid state. The method for spraying the pesticide is not particularly limited. For example, the nanobubble water and the pesticide are sprayed or dropped on the soil or the ginger in which the ginger is planted. From the flying object flying over the above, the aspect of scattering the nanobubble water and pesticide, the aspect of discharging the nanobubble water and the pesticide by applying pressure from the nozzle of the sprinkler, and the drip tube embedded in the soil, The aspect etc. which flow out the said nano bubble water and an agricultural chemical in soil are mentioned.
　なお、農薬の薬効を効果的に発現させる理由から、ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を散布する態様としては、希釈後の農薬を生姜の葉面に付着させるように散布する態様（例えば、噴霧散布、及び上空からの飛散等）が望ましい。ここで、希釈後の農薬の濃度については、特に限定されないが、上記ナノバブル水１００質量部に対して、０．００００１～１０質量部であることが好ましく、０．００００５～５質量部であることがより好ましい。 In addition, for the reason of effectively expressing the medicinal effect of the agricultural chemical, as an aspect of spraying the diluted agricultural chemical using nanobubble water, an aspect of spraying the diluted agricultural chemical to adhere to the ginger leaf surface (for example, spraying) Scattering and scattering from the sky are desirable. Here, the concentration of the pesticide after dilution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.00001 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.00005 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nanobubble water. Is more preferable.
　また、農薬散布の実施時期については、栽培地域、天候、病気が発生し易い時期、及び害虫が繁殖し易い時期等に応じて異なるため特に限定されるものではないが、病気及び害虫を効果的に防除する点では、雨季が明ける時期（例えば、梅雨明けの時期）の時期に実施するのが望ましい。上述した害虫のうち、ヨトウムシは、渇水が続くと繁殖し易くなる。したがって、生姜の栽培過程中、雨季に該当する時期（例えば、梅雨時期）に雨天日以外の日が所定日数以上連続した場合には、ヨトウムシに有効な農薬を上記ナノバブル水で希釈し、希釈後の農薬を散布するとよい。 In addition, the timing of pesticide spraying is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the cultivation area, the weather, the time when illness is likely to occur, and the time when pests are likely to breed. In terms of control, it is desirable to carry it out at the time when the rainy season ends (for example, when the rainy season ends). Among the above-mentioned pests, the weevil becomes easy to reproduce when drought continues. Therefore, during the cultivation process of ginger, if a day other than rainy days continues for a certain number of days or more in the rainy season (for example, the rainy season), dilute the pesticide effective for weevil with the above nanobubble water, It is good to spray the pesticide.
　また、農薬散布の実施回数についても、農薬の種類等に応じて異なるために特に限定されるものではなく、１回以上実施すればよいが、好ましくは、生姜の栽培過程では、上記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布を複数回（具体的には、２～３回）実施するのがよい。また、上述したように、農薬の薬効を効果的に発現させる理由から、各回の散布では、ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を生姜の葉面に付着させるのが好ましい。 In addition, the number of times of pesticide spraying is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the type of pesticide and the like, and it may be performed once or more. Preferably, in the cultivation process of ginger, It is recommended to spray the diluted pesticide multiple times (specifically, 2 to 3 times). Moreover, as mentioned above, it is preferable to attach the agricultural chemical diluted with nanobubble water to the leaf surface of the ginger in each spraying for the reason of effectively expressing the medicinal effect of the agricultural chemical.
　本発明の生姜の栽培方法にて施用される上記ナノバブル水の生成方法としては、例えば、スタティックミキサー法、ベンチュリ法、キャビテーション法、蒸気凝集法、超音波法、旋回流法、加圧溶解法、及び微細孔法等が挙げられる。
　また、上記ナノバブル水の生成装置としては、意図的にラジカルを発生させることがない装置を用いた生成方法が好ましく、具体的には、例えば、特開２０１８－１５７１５号公報の［００８０］～［０１００］段落に記載されたナノバブル生成装置を用いて生成する方法が挙げられる。なお、上記の内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。 Examples of the method for producing the nanobubble water applied in the ginger cultivation method of the present invention include, for example, a static mixer method, a venturi method, a cavitation method, a steam agglomeration method, an ultrasonic method, a swirl flow method, a pressure dissolution method, And a fine pore method.
Further, as the nanobubble water generating apparatus, a generating method using an apparatus that does not intentionally generate radicals is preferable, and specifically, for example, [0080] to [0080] of JP-A-2018-15715. [0100] and a method of generating using the nanobubble generator described in the paragraph. The above contents are incorporated in the present specification.
　意図的にラジカルを発生させることがない他のナノバブル生成装置としては、例えば、水を吐出する液体吐出機と、液体吐出機から吐出された水に気体を加圧して混入させる気体混入機と、気体を混入させた水を内部に通すことにより水中に微細気泡を生成する微細気泡生成器と、を有する微細気泡生成装置であって、上記気体混入機が、上記液体吐出機と上記微細気泡生成器の間において、加圧された状態で上記微細気泡生成器に向かって流れる液体に、気体を加圧して混入させる微細気泡生成装置が挙げられる。具体的には、図１に示すナノバブル生成装置が挙げられる。
　図１に示すナノバブル生成装置１０は、その内部に液体吐出機３０、気体混入機４０及びナノバブル生成ノズル５０を備える。
　液体吐出機３０は、ポンプによって構成され、ナノバブル水の原水（例えば、井戸水）を取り込んで吐出する。気体混入機４０は、圧縮ガスが封入された容器４１と、略筒状の気体混入機本体４２とを有し、液体吐出機３０から吐出された水を気体混入機本体４２内に流しつつ、気体混入機本体４２内に容器４１内の圧縮ガスを導入する。これにより、気体混入機本体４２内で気体混入水が生成されることになる。
　ナノバブル生成ノズル５０は、その内部に気体混入水が通過することにより、加圧溶解の原理に従って気体混入水中にナノバブルを発生させるものであり、その構造としては、特開２０１８－１５７１５号公報に記載されたナノバブル生成ノズルと同じ構造が採用できる。ナノバブル生成ノズル５０内に生成されたナノバブル水は、ナノバブル生成ノズル５０の先端から噴出した後、ナノバブル生成装置１０から流出し、不図示の流路内を通じて所定の利用先に向けて送水される。
　以上のようにナノバブル生成装置１０では、気体混入機４０が、液体吐出機３０とナノバブル生成ノズル５０の間において、加圧された状態でナノバブル生成ノズル５０に向かって流れる水（原水）に、圧縮ガスを混入させる。これにより、液体吐出機３０の吸込み側（サクション側）で気体を水に混入させるときに生じるキャビテーション等の不具合を回避することができる。また、ガスが加圧（圧縮）された状態で水に混入されるので、ガス混入箇所での水の圧力に抗してガスを混入させることができる。このため、ガス混入箇所において特に負圧を発生させなくとも、ガスを適切に水に混入させることが可能となる。
　さらに、液体吐出機３０のサクション側に、井戸又は水道等の水源から供給される水の流路が繋ぎ込まれており、その流路において液体吐出機３０の上流側から液体吐出機３０に流れ込む水の圧力（すなわち、サクション側の水圧）が正圧であるとよい。この場合には、上記の構成がより有意義なものとなる。すなわち、液体吐出機３０の上流側の水圧（サクション圧）が正圧となる場合には、液体吐出機３０の下流側でガスを水に混入させることになるため、液体吐出機３０の下流側でもガスを適切に水に混入させることができるナノバブル生成装置１０の構成がより際立つことになる。 Other nanobubble generation devices that do not intentionally generate radicals include, for example, a liquid discharger that discharges water, a gas mixer that pressurizes and mixes gas into water discharged from the liquid discharger, and A microbubble generator for generating microbubbles in water by passing water mixed with gas inside, wherein the gas mixer includes the liquid ejector and the microbubble generator There is a fine bubble generating device that pressurizes and mixes gas into the liquid flowing toward the fine bubble generator in a pressurized state between the vessels. Specifically, the nanobubble generator shown in FIG.
A nanobubble generating device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a liquid discharger 30, a gas mixing device 40, and a nanobubble generating nozzle 50 therein.
The liquid discharger 30 is configured by a pump, and takes in and discharges nanobubble water raw water (for example, well water). The gas mixing device 40 includes a container 41 in which compressed gas is sealed and a substantially cylindrical gas mixing device main body 42. While flowing water discharged from the liquid discharge device 30 into the gas mixing device main body 42, The compressed gas in the container 41 is introduced into the gas mixing machine main body 42. As a result, gas-containing water is generated in the gas-mixing machine main body 42.
The nanobubble generation nozzle 50 generates nanobubbles in the gas-mixed water according to the principle of pressure dissolution by passing the gas-mixed water through the nozzle, and the structure thereof is described in JP-A-2018-15715. The same structure as the nanobubble generating nozzle made can be adopted. The nanobubble water generated in the nanobubble generating nozzle 50 is ejected from the tip of the nanobubble generating nozzle 50, then flows out from the nanobubble generating device 10, and is sent toward a predetermined usage destination through a flow path (not shown).
As described above, in the nanobubble generating device 10, the gas mixing device 40 is compressed into water (raw water) flowing toward the nanobubble generating nozzle 50 in a pressurized state between the liquid discharger 30 and the nanobubble generating nozzle 50. Mix gas. Thereby, it is possible to avoid problems such as cavitation that occur when gas is mixed into water on the suction side (suction side) of the liquid discharger 30. Further, since the gas is mixed in the water in a pressurized (compressed) state, the gas can be mixed against the pressure of the water at the gas mixing location. For this reason, it becomes possible to mix gas into water appropriately, without generating a negative pressure especially in a gas mixing location.
Further, a flow path of water supplied from a water source such as a well or water supply is connected to the suction side of the liquid discharger 30 and flows into the liquid discharger 30 from the upstream side of the liquid discharger 30 in the flow path. The water pressure (that is, the water pressure on the suction side) may be positive. In this case, the above configuration becomes more meaningful. That is, when the water pressure (suction pressure) on the upstream side of the liquid discharger 30 is a positive pressure, the gas is mixed into the water on the downstream side of the liquid discharger 30. However, the configuration of the nanobubble generating apparatus 10 that can appropriately mix the gas into water becomes more prominent.
　また、本発明の生姜の栽培方法は、上述した散水及び農薬散布の実施前に、上記ナノバブル水を生成させる生成工程を有してもよい。すなわち、本発明の生姜の栽培方法は、例えば、貯水タンク、井戸若しくは水道等の水源から水（原水）をナノバブル生成装置に取り込んでナノバブル水を生成させる生成工程を更に有する生姜の栽培方法であってもよい。
　なお、水源からの水をナノバブル生成装置に取り込む手法としては、例えば、桶又はポンプ等を用いて水源から汲み上げた水をナノバブル生成装置に供給する手法、並びに、水源とナノバブル生成装置との間に敷設された流路をナノバブル生成装置に繋いで流路からナノバブル生成装置へ水を直接送り込む手法等が挙げられる。 Moreover, the cultivation method of the ginger of this invention may have the production | generation process which produces | generates the said nano bubble water before implementation of the watering mentioned above and agricultural chemical application. That is, the method for cultivating ginger according to the present invention is a method for cultivating ginger that further includes a production step of taking water (raw water) from a water source such as a water storage tank, well or water supply into a nanobubble production device to produce nanobubble water. May be.
In addition, as a method of taking water from the water source into the nano bubble generating device, for example, a method of supplying water pumped up from the water source using a dredger or a pump to the nano bubble generating device, and between the water source and the nano bubble generating device. For example, a method of directly connecting water from the flow path to the nanobubble generating device by connecting the laid channel to the nanobubble generating device can be used.
　また、上記ナノバブル水の生成に使用する水（原水）については、特に限定されず、例えば、雨水、水道水、井水、地表水、農業用水、及び蒸留水等を使用することができる。このような水は、ナノバブル水の発生に供される前に他の処理を施されたものであってもよい。他の処理としては、例えば、ｐＨ調整、沈殿、ろ過、及び滅菌（殺菌）等が挙げられる。具体的には、例えば、農業用水を使用する場合、典型的には、沈殿及びろ過のうちの少なくとも一方の処理が施された後の農業用水を使用してもよい。 Further, the water (raw water) used for producing the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, and for example, rain water, tap water, well water, surface water, agricultural water, distilled water, and the like can be used. Such water may have been subjected to other treatments before being used for generation of nanobubble water. Examples of other treatments include pH adjustment, precipitation, filtration, and sterilization (sterilization). Specifically, for example, when agricultural water is used, the agricultural water after at least one of precipitation and filtration may be used.
　本発明においては、生姜の栽培が栽培環境の影響をより受け難くなる理由から、上記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡の最頻粒子径が１０～５００ｎｍであることが好ましく、３０～３００ｎｍであることがより好ましく、特に、７０～１３０ｎｍであることが更に好ましい。 In the present invention, since the cultivation of ginger is less susceptible to the influence of the cultivation environment, the mode particle diameter of the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is preferably 10 to 500 nm, and preferably 30 to 300 nm. More preferably, it is more preferably 70 to 130 nm.
　また、上記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡を構成する気体は特に限定されないが、水中に長時間残存させる観点から、水素以外の気体が好ましく、具体的には、例えば、空気、酸素、窒素、フッ素、二酸化炭素、及びオゾンなどが挙げられる。
　これらのうち、生姜の栽培が栽培環境の影響をより一層受け難くなる理由から、酸素、窒素、オゾン及び二酸化炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の気体を含むことが好ましく、特に、生姜の生育が良好となり、また、気泡がより長時間残存することができる理由から、酸素を含むことがより好ましい。
　ここで、酸素を含むこととは、空気中の酸素濃度よりも高い濃度で含むことをいう。窒素、および、二酸化炭素も同様である。なお、酸素の濃度については、気泡中の３０体積％以上であることが好ましく、５０体積％超１００体積％以下であることが好ましい。 Further, the gas constituting the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of remaining in water for a long time, a gas other than hydrogen is preferable, specifically, for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, Examples include carbon dioxide and ozone.
Among these, it is preferable to include at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, ozone, and carbon dioxide because the cultivation of ginger is more difficult to be affected by the cultivation environment. It is more preferable that oxygen is contained for the reason that the growth of the water becomes good and the bubbles can remain for a longer time.
Here, including oxygen means containing at a concentration higher than the oxygen concentration in the air. The same applies to nitrogen and carbon dioxide. In addition, about the density | concentration of oxygen, it is preferable that it is 30 volume% or more in a bubble, and it is preferable that it is more than 50 volume% and 100 volume% or less.
　また、上記ナノバブル水は、生姜の栽培が栽培環境の影響を一段と受け難くなる理由から、１×１０８個／ｍＬ～１×１０１０個／ｍＬの気泡を有していることが好ましく、特に、気泡の生成時間と気泡の残存性のバランスが良好となる理由から、１×１０８個／ｍＬより多く、１×１０１０個／ｍＬより少ない気泡を有していることがより好ましく、５×１０８個／ｍＬ～５×１０９個／ｍＬの気泡を有していることが更に好ましい。 In addition, the nanobubble water preferably has bubbles of 1 × 10 8 / mL to 1 × 10 10 / mL because the cultivation of ginger is more difficult to be affected by the cultivation environment. More preferably, it has more than 1 × 10 8 cells / mL and less than 1 × 10 10 cells / mL for the reason that the balance between bubble generation time and bubble persistence is good. It is more preferable to have bubbles of × 10 8 / mL to 5 × 10 9 / mL.
　本発明において、上記ナノバブル水には、上述した農薬以外の他の成分が含まれていてもよい。
　上記他の成分としては、例えば、肥料、界面活性剤、凍結防止剤、消泡剤、防腐剤、酸化防止剤、及び増粘剤等が挙げられる。なお、上記他の成分の種類、及び含有量は、特に限定されず、目的に応じて選択可能である。
　ただし、本発明においては、上記他の成分として、上記ナノバブル水中にラジカルを実質的に含まないことが好ましい。なお、「ラジカルを実質的に含まない」ことについて付言すると、上記ナノバブル水の生成に使用する水（例えば、不純物を含む井水）などに起因して不可避的にラジカルが含まれるケースは、「ラジカルを実質的に含まない」ことになる。他方、何らかの人為的操作で生成させたラジカルを混入させるケースは、「ラジカルを実質的に含まない」ことにはならない。 In the present invention, the nanobubble water may contain components other than the agrochemicals described above.
Examples of the other components include fertilizers, surfactants, antifreezing agents, antifoaming agents, preservatives, antioxidants, and thickeners. In addition, the kind of said other component and content are not specifically limited, It can select according to the objective.
However, in the present invention, it is preferable that radicals are not substantially contained in the nanobubble water as the other component. In addition, when adding about “substantially free of radicals”, the case where radicals are inevitably included due to the water used for the generation of nanobubble water (for example, well water containing impurities) It is substantially free of radicals ”. On the other hand, a case where a radical generated by some artificial manipulation is mixed does not mean that the radical is not substantially contained.
　以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、処理内容、及び処理手順等は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することができる。したがって、本発明の範囲は以下に示す実施例により限定的に解釈されるべきものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, processing contents, processing procedures, and the like shown in the following examples can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the following examples.
　＜試験の内容＞
　試験は、２０１７年の４月～９月にかけて埼玉県行田市で栽培した生姜（品種：大生姜）の圃場において、以下の区分により実施した。なお、試験区Ｉ及びＩＩは、互いに同一の圃場に設定されている。
　試験区Ｉ：露地栽培にて生姜を栽培し、生姜への散水、及び、散布する農薬（具体的には、トレボン粉剤）の希釈にナノバブル水を用いた。
　試験区ＩＩ：露地栽培にて生姜を栽培し、生姜への散水、及び、散布する農薬（具体的には、トレボン粉剤）の希釈にナノバブル水を用いず、通常の水（ナノバブルを含まない水）を用いた。
　各試験区では、それぞれ、１５００株の種生姜の植え付けを行い、常法に従って生姜を栽培した。
　また、散水の頻度及び量については、栽培期間中の天候等に応じて適定し、両試験区で概ね同様となるように調整した。なお、試験を実施した２０１７年の梅雨時期には、晴天又は晴れの日が続いたために降雨量が例年より少なく、雨天日以外の日（詳しくは、晴天日又は晴れの日）が約２週間続いた時期に散水を実施した。
　また、散布した農薬の種類、時期、希釈率、及び散布回数については、栽培期間中に発生した病気又は害虫の種類等に応じて適宜設定し、両試験区で概ね同様となるように調整した。具体的には、上述のトレボン粉剤を所定の濃度まで希釈したものを７月下旬に１回散布した。 <Content of the test>
The test was carried out in the field of ginger (variety: daikon ginger) cultivated in Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture from April to September 2017. The test sections I and II are set in the same field.
Test Zone I: Ginger was cultivated in open field cultivation, and nanobubble water was used for watering the ginger and diluting the agricultural chemical to be sprayed (specifically, Trebon powder).
Test Zone II: Growing ginger in open-air cultivation, sprinkling water into the ginger, and normal water (water that does not contain nanobubbles) without using nanobubble water to dilute the pesticides (specifically, trebon powder) ) Was used.
In each test plot, 1500 seedlings were planted and cultivated according to a conventional method.
Moreover, about the frequency and quantity of watering, it settled according to the weather etc. during a cultivation period, and it adjusted so that it might become substantially the same in both test sections. In addition, during the rainy season in 2017 when the test was conducted, the amount of rainfall was less than usual because there were sunny days or sunny days, and days other than rainy days (specifically, sunny days or sunny days) were about 2 weeks. Watering was carried out during the following period.
In addition, the type, timing, dilution rate, and number of spraying of the applied agricultural chemicals were appropriately set according to the type of disease or pest that occurred during the cultivation period, and adjusted to be approximately the same in both test areas. . Specifically, the above trebon powder was diluted to a predetermined concentration and sprayed once in late July.
　＜ナノバブル水の生成方法＞
　ナノバブル水は、ナノバブル生成装置（株式会社カクイチ製作所 アクアソリューション事業部（現：株式会社アクアソリューション）製、１００Ｖ，１０Ｌ／ｍｉｎタイプ）を用いて加圧溶解方式にて水中に気泡（ナノバブル）を発生させることで生成した。
　なお、ナノバブル水の生成用に使用した水（原水）は、水道水であり、気泡を構成する気体の種類は、酸素（工業用酸素、濃度：９９．５体積％）であることとした。
　また、上記のナノバブル生成装置を用いてナノバブルを発生させる条件は、以下のとおりとした。
　　　水１ｍＬ当たりの気泡の数：５×１０８個／ｍＬ
　　　気泡のサイズ（最頻粒子径）：１００ｎｍ <Nano bubble water generation method>
Nanobubble water generates bubbles (nanobubbles) in water using a nanobubble generator (Kakuichi Seisakusho Aqua Solution Division (currently Aqua Solution Co., Ltd., 100 V, 10 L / min type) using the pressure dissolution method. It was generated by letting.
The water (raw water) used for producing the nanobubble water was tap water, and the type of gas constituting the bubbles was oxygen (industrial oxygen, concentration: 99.5% by volume).
Moreover, the conditions for generating nanobubbles using the nanobubble generating apparatus described above were as follows.
Number of bubbles per mL of water: 5 × 10 8 / mL
Bubble size (mode particle diameter): 100 nm
　＜収穫量の評価＞
　２０１７年９月に各試験区で栽培した生姜を収穫し、それぞれの試験区につき、任意に選択した１株を対象として、茎部の大きさを測定することで収穫量を評価したところ、図２及び図３に示すように、試験区Ｉでは、試験区ＩＩよりも生姜の茎部が肥大化しており、より多くの収穫量が得られた。ちなみに、図２は、試験区Ｉの生姜の画像を、図３は、試験区ＩＩの生姜の画像を、それぞれ示しており、各図には、各試験区で選択した１株分の生姜を横に寝かせて測定した横幅の長さが図示されている。
　試験区Ｉでの収穫量について付言しておくと、試験を実施した２０１７年は、前述したように梅雨時期の降雨量が例年よりも少ない年であり、本来であれば収穫量が例年よりも少なくなると予想されたが、試験区Ｉの収穫量は、約７００ｋｇとなり、平均年間収量（約６００ｋｇ／年）を超える収穫量となった。
　以上の結果から、ナノバブル水を栽培中の生姜に施用する効果が明らかとなった。すなわち、梅雨時期に雨天日以外の日（晴天日、晴れ、及び曇りの日）が続いて渇水となったときにナノバブル水を散水することで生姜が効率よく水分を吸収することができ、また、ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を散布することで農薬の薬効が有効に発揮されて害虫及び病気の発生を効果的に抑えることが可能となった。これにより、生姜が良好に生育し、例年を超える収穫量が得られた。 <Evaluation of yield>
After harvesting the ginger cultivated in each test section in September 2017, and evaluating the yield by measuring the size of the stem for one selected strain for each test section, figure As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in the test section I, the stem part of the ginger was enlarged compared with the test section II, and a larger yield was obtained. Incidentally, FIG. 2 shows an image of the ginger in the test area I, and FIG. 3 shows an image of the ginger in the test area II. Each figure shows the ginger for one strain selected in each test area. The length of the width measured by lying down is shown.
As an additional note about the yield in the test area I, the year 2017 when the test was conducted was a year in which the rainfall during the rainy season was less than the usual year, and the harvest was originally higher than the usual year. Although it was expected to decrease, the yield of Test Zone I was about 700 kg, which exceeded the average annual yield (about 600 kg / year).
From the above results, the effect of applying nanobubble water to the ginger during cultivation became clear. That is, ginger can efficiently absorb moisture by sprinkling nanobubble water when days other than rainy days (rainy days, sunny days, and cloudy days) continue to be drought during the rainy season, In addition, by spraying diluted pesticides using nanobubble water, the medicinal effects of the pesticides were effectively demonstrated, and it became possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases. As a result, the ginger grew well and a yield exceeding the usual year was obtained.
１０　ナノバブル生成装置
３０　液体吐出機
４０　気体混入機
４１　容器
４２　気体混入機本体
５０　ナノバブル生成ノズル DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Nano bubble production | generation apparatus 30 Liquid discharge machine 40 Gas mixing machine 41 Container 42 Gas mixing machine main body 50 Nano bubble production | generation nozzle

Claims (8)

  1. 　ナノバブル水を栽培中の生姜に施用する、生姜の栽培方法。 ナ ノ Ginger cultivation method in which nano bubble water is applied to the growing ginger.
  2. 　前記ナノバブル水を用いた散水、及び、前記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬の散布のうち、少なくとも一方を実施する、請求項１に記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and spraying of the agricultural chemical diluted with the nanobubble water is performed.
  3. 　生姜の栽培期間中、雨季に該当する時期において、生姜の培地である土壌が乾燥して生姜の葉が枯れた場合に、前記ナノバブル水を用いた散水を実施する、請求項２に記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The ginger according to claim 2, wherein, during the cultivation period of ginger, when the soil that is the medium of ginger dries and the ginger leaves wither in the period corresponding to the rainy season, watering using the nanobubble water is performed. Cultivation method.
  4. 　露地栽培によって生姜を栽培する、請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein ginger is cultivated by open field cultivation.
  5. 　前記ナノバブル水を用いて希釈した農薬を生姜の葉面に付着させる、請求項２又は３に記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pesticide diluted with the nanobubble water is attached to the leaf surface of the ginger.
  6. 　前記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡の最頻粒子径が１０～５００ｎｍである、請求項１～５のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mode diameter of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is 10 to 500 nm.
  7. 　前記ナノバブル水に含まれる気泡が、酸素、窒素、オゾン及び二酸化炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の気体を含む、請求項１～６のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, ozone and carbon dioxide.
  8. 　前記ナノバブル水が、１×１０８個／ｍＬ～１×１０１０個／ｍＬの気泡を有する、請求項１～７のいずれかに記載の生姜の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating ginger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nanobubble water has bubbles of 1 x 10 8 / mL to 1 x 10 10 / mL.
PCT/JP2019/021262 2018-05-30 2019-05-29 Ginger cultivation method WO2019230786A1 (en)

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