WO2019224720A1 - Stator destiné à un moteur ou générateur électrique - Google Patents

Stator destiné à un moteur ou générateur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019224720A1
WO2019224720A1 PCT/IB2019/054192 IB2019054192W WO2019224720A1 WO 2019224720 A1 WO2019224720 A1 WO 2019224720A1 IB 2019054192 W IB2019054192 W IB 2019054192W WO 2019224720 A1 WO2019224720 A1 WO 2019224720A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lead frame
coil
circuit board
stator
conductive layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2019/054192
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Chris TIMS
Neil VANSTONE-REED
Samuel BROADBRIDGE
Original Assignee
Protean Electric Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Protean Electric Limited filed Critical Protean Electric Limited
Publication of WO2019224720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019224720A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/187—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to inner stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/03—Machines characterised by the wiring boards, i.e. printed circuit boards or similar structures for connecting the winding terminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/227—Heat sinks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stator for an electric motor or generator, in particular a stator having a cooling channel arranged to provide cooling to a lead frame for coupling an inverter for an electric motor or generator to a DC power supply.
  • the present invention relates to a lead frame, in particular a lead frame for forming a plurality of sub motors.
  • Electric motor systems typically include an electric motor, with a control unit arranged to control the power of the electric motor.
  • Examples of known types of electric motor include the induction motor, synchronous brushless permanent magnet motor, switched reluctance motor and linear motor.
  • a three phase electric motor typically includes three coil sets, where each coil set is arranged to generate a magnetic field associated with one of the three phases of an
  • each coil set will typically have a number of coil sub-sets that are distributed around the periphery of the electric motor, which are driven to produce a
  • Figure 1 shows a typical three phase electric motor 10 having three coil sets 14, 16, 18.
  • Each coil set consists of four coil sub-sets that are connected in series, where for a given coil set the magnetic field generated by the respective coil sub-sets will have a common phase .
  • the three coil sets of a three phase electric motor are typically configured in either a delta or wye configuration.
  • a control unit for a three phase electric motor having a DC power supply will typically include a three phase bridge inverter that generates a three phase voltage supply for driving the electric motor. Each of the respective voltage phases is applied to a respective coil set of the electric motor .
  • a three phase bridge inverter includes a number of switching devices, for example power electronic switches such as
  • Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switches which are used to generate an alternating voltage from a DC voltage supply .
  • a drive design that is becoming increasing popular is an integrated in wheel electric motor design in which an electric motor and its associated control system are integrated within a wheel of a vehicle.
  • the present invention provides the advantage of increasing cooling to a lead frame mounted to a stator, where the lead frame is arranged to provide high current flow between and inverter and coil windings of an electric motor or
  • Figure 1 illustrates a prior art three phase electric motor
  • Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of a motor embodying the present invention
  • Figure 3 illustrates a schematic representation of a control device
  • Figure 4 illustrate the electrical connections provided by a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present
  • Figure 5 illustrates a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 illustrates a lead frame arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 illustrates a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 illustrates a lead frame arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 illustrates a conductive layer on a circuit board layer of a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 illustrates a lead frame according to a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 illustrates a conductive layer on a circuit board layer of a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 illustrates a conductive layer on a circuit board layer of a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 illustrates a conductive layer on a circuit board layer of a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 illustrates a conductive layer on a circuit board layer of a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 15 illustrates a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 16 illustrates an electric motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 17 illustrates a stator back iron, coil windings and a lead frame according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 18 illustrates a stator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention described is for a lead frame for coupling an inverter, for an electric motor or generator, to a DC power supply, where preferably the electric motor is for use in a wheel of a vehicle.
  • the electric motor is located within a vehicle it may be located anywhere within the vehicle.
  • the motor is of the type having a set of coils being part of the stator for attachment to a vehicle, radially surrounded by a rotor carrying a set of magnets for attachment to a wheel.
  • the various aspects of the invention are equally applicable to an electric generator having the same arrangement. As such, the definition of electric motor is intended to include electric generator.
  • the in-wheel electric motor includes a stator 252 comprising a circumferential support 253 that acts as a heat sink, multiple coils 254, two control devices (not shown) mounted on the circumferential support 253 on a rear portion of the stator for driving the coils, and an annular capacitor (not shown) , otherwise known as a DC link
  • stator 254 are formed on stator tooth laminations to form coil windings.
  • a stator cover 256 is mounted on the rear portion of the stator 252, enclosing the control devices and annular capacitor to form the stator 252, which may then be fixed to a vehicle and does not rotate relative to the vehicle during use.
  • each control device 300 includes an inverter 310 with one of the control devices including control logic 320, which in the present embodiment includes a processor, for controlling the operation of both inverters 310.
  • control logic 320 which in the present embodiment includes a processor, for controlling the operation of both inverters 310.
  • Each inverter is coupled to three sets of coil windings, arranged electrically in parallel, to form a set of three sub motors, as described below .
  • the annular capacitor is coupled between the inverters 310 and the electric motor' s DC power source for reducing voltage ripple on the electric motor's power supply line, otherwise known as the DC busbar, and for reducing voltage overshoots during operation of the electric motor.
  • the capacitor is preferably mounted adjacent to the control devices 300.
  • a rotor 240 comprises a front portion 220 and a cylindrical portion 221 forming a cover, which substantially surrounds the stator 252.
  • the rotor includes a plurality of permanent magnets 242 arranged around the inside of the cylindrical portion 221.
  • 32 magnet pairs are mounted on the inside of the cylindrical portion 221. However, any number of magnet pairs may be used .
  • the magnets are in close proximity to the coil windings on the stator 252 so that magnetic fields generated by the coils interact with the magnets 242 arranged around the inside of the cylindrical portion 221 of the rotor 240 to cause the rotor 240 to rotate.
  • the permanent magnets 242 are utilized to generate a drive torque for driving the electric motor, the permanent magnets are typically called drive magnets.
  • the rotor 240 is attached to the stator 252 by a bearing block (not shown) .
  • the bearing block can be a standard bearing block as would be used in a vehicle to which this motor assembly is to be fitted.
  • the bearing block comprises two parts, a first part fixed to the stator and a second part fixed to the rotor.
  • the bearing block is fixed to a central portion of the wall of the stator 252 and also to a central portion of the housing wall 220 of the rotor 240.
  • the rotor 240 is thus rotationally fixed to the vehicle with which it is to be used via the bearing block at the central portion of the rotor 240.
  • This has an advantage in that a wheel rim and tyre can then be fixed to the rotor 240 at the central portion using the normal wheel bolts to fix the wheel rim to the central portion of the rotor and
  • the wheel bolts may be fitted through the central portion of the rotor through into the bearing block itself.
  • the rotor also includes a set of magnets (not shown) for position sensing, otherwise known as commutation magnets, which in conjunction with sensors mounted on the stator allows for a rotor flux angle to be estimated.
  • the rotor flux angle defines the positional relationship of the drive magnets to the coil windings.
  • the rotor may include a ring of magnetic material that has multiple poles that act as a set of separate magnets.
  • the electric motor includes six coil sets with each coil set having three coil sub-sets that are coupled in a wye configuration to form a three phase sub-motor, resulting in the motor having six three phase sub-motors, where as stated above the respective coils of the six coil sets are wound on individual stator teeth, which form part of the stator.
  • each sub-motor is controlled via one of two control devices 300, as described below.
  • the present embodiment describes an electric motor having six coil sets (i.e. six sub motors) the motor may equally have one or more coil sets with associated control devices. Equally, each coil set may have any number of coil sub-sets, thereby allowing each sub-motor to have two or more phases.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the connections between the respective coil sets 60 and the control devices 300, where three coil sets 60 are connected to a respective three phase inverter 310 included on a control device 300.
  • a three phase inverter contains six switches, where a three phase alternating voltage may be generated by the controlled operation of the six switches.
  • the number of switches will depend upon the number of voltage phases to be applied to the respective sub motors, where the sub motors can be constructed to have any number of phases.
  • Each control device 300 is arranged to communicate with the other control device 300 via a
  • control devices 300 are of a modular
  • each control device otherwise known as a power module, includes a power printed circuit board on which is mounted a control printed circuit board, two power source busbars for connecting to a DC battery via the DC link capacitor, three phase winding busbars for connecting to respective coil windings via the lead frame, and a power substrate assembly, which includes an inverter.
  • the power printed circuit board includes a variety of other components that include drivers for the inverter switches formed on the power substrate assembly, where the drivers are used to convert control signals from the control printed circuit board into a suitable form for operating switches mounted on the power printed circuit board, however these components will not be discussed in any further detail.
  • One of the control devices 300 includes a processor 320 for controlling the operation of the inverter switches in both control devices 300. Additionally, each control device 300 includes an interface arrangement to allow communication between the respective control devices 300 via a
  • communication bus 330 with one control device 300 being arranged to communicate with a vehicle controller mounted external to the electric motor.
  • the processor 320 in the respective control device 300 is arranged to control the operation of the inverter switches mounted within each control device 300 to allow each of the electric motor coil sets 60 to be supplied with a three phase voltage supply, thereby allowing the respective coil sub-sets to generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • each coil set 60 is not limited by this and it would be appreciated that each coil set 60 may have one or more coil sub-sets.
  • each three phase bridge inverter 310 is arranged to provide PWM voltage control across the respective coil sub-sets, thereby generating a current flow in the respective coil sub-sets for providing a required torque by the respective sub-motors.
  • PWM control works by using the motor inductance to average out an applied pulse voltage to drive the required current into the motor coils. Using PWM control an applied voltage is switched across the motor windings. During the period when voltage is switched across the motor coils, the current rises in the motor coils at a rate dictated by their
  • the PWM voltage control is switched off before the current has increased beyond a required value, thereby allowing precise control of the current to be achieved.
  • the three phase bridge inverter 310 switches are arranged to apply a single voltage phase across each of the coil sub-sets.
  • the plurality of switches are arranged to apply an alternating voltage across the respective coil sub-sets.
  • the voltage envelope and phase angle of the electrical signals is determined by the modulating voltage pulses .
  • the inverter switches can include semiconductor devices such as MOSFETs or IGBTs.
  • the switches comprise IGBTs.
  • any suitable known switching circuit can be employed for controlling the current.
  • One well known example of such a switching circuit is the three phase bridge circuit having six switches configured to drive a three phase electric motor. The six switches are
  • a single phase inverter will have two pairs of switches arranged in series to form two legs of an inverter.
  • the inverter formed on the power assembly in one control device is coupled to three coil sets, to form a first set of three sub motors, with the inverter formed on the power assembly in the other control device being coupled to the other coil sets, to form a second set of three sub motors.
  • Both inverters are coupled to the respective coil sets via the lead frame, where each leg of the respective inverters is coupled to the lead frame via a respective phase winding busbar.
  • the different voltage phases generated by each inverter leg are designated W, V and U.
  • the coil windings are coupled to the lead frame 255, as described below, to allow current to flow from the DC power source via the respective inverters in the control devices to the coil windings to allow drive torque to be generated by the electric motor.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the electrical connections that the lead frame 255 provides between the phase winding busbars for one of the control devices and coil windings mounted on the stator, where the lead frame 255 is arranged to couple the phase windings for the respective coil sub-sets in a wye configuration.
  • the lead frame 255 can be configured to couple the phase windings for the respective coil subsets in different configurations.
  • each coil sub-set includes three coil windings (i.e. phase windings) to form a three phase sub motor.
  • each coil winding/phase winding within each respective coil subset may be configured as a single, independent, coil winding, the coil winding may comprise two or more separate coils that are serially connected.
  • each of the coil winding/phase winding within each respective coil subset may be configured as a single, independent, coil winding, the coil winding may comprise two or more separate coils that are serially connected.
  • each of the coil winding may comprise two or more separate coils that are serially connected.
  • windings that form a coil sub-set is formed from three separately wound coils that are coupled via a circuit board layer of the lead frame, as described below.
  • coils 401 form a first phase winding of a first sub motor 411
  • coils 402 form a second phase winding of the first sub motor 411
  • coils 403 form a third phase winding of the first sub motor 411.
  • coils 404 form a first phase winding of the second sub motor 412
  • coils 405 form a second phase winding of the second sub motor 412
  • coils 406 form a third phase winding of the second sub motor 412.
  • coils 407 form a first phase winding of the third sub motor 413
  • coils 408 form a second phase winding of the third sub motor 413
  • coils 409 form a third phase winding of the third sub motor 413.
  • Each coil 400 illustrated in Figure 4 corresponds to a coil wound on a single stator tooth, where the end sections of each coil are arranged to be coupled to the lead frame 255 to allow the coils to be coupled in the configuration shown in Figure 4.
  • the lead frame 255 is arranged to connect the W phase inverter busbar to the first coil 400 of the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411, the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412 and the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413.
  • the lead frame also connects the V phase inverter busbar to the first coil 400 of the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411, the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412 and the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413 and connects the U phase inverter busbar to the first coil 400 of the third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411, the third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412 and the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413.
  • the lead frame 255 connects the last coil 400 of the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411 to the last coil 400 of the second phase winding 402 and third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411. Similarly, the lead frame 255 also connects the last coil 400 of the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412 to the last coil 400 of the second phase winding 405 and third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412 and connects the last coil 400 of the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413 to the last coil of the second phase winding 408 and third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413. These connections acts as the star point for each of the respective sub motors.
  • the lead frame 255 is arranged to electrically connect the respective coils 400 for each phase winding to form a serial connection between the respective coils 400 for each phase winding.
  • the lead frame provides the electrical
  • the lead frame 255 also couples the phase winding busbars for the inverter 310 for the other control device 300 and coils mounted on the stator in the same manner to form three further sub motors driven by the inverter 310 in the second control device 300.
  • substantially, circumferential lead frame as illustrated in Figure 5, is used for providing current from both control devices to the respective coil sets.
  • FIG. 1 substantially, circumferential lead frame, as illustrated in Figure 5, is used for providing current from both control devices to the respective coil sets.
  • FIG. 6 the substantially circumferential lead frame 255 is mounted to an axial mounting surface of a stator back-iron 600, which forms part of the stator 252, adjacent to the coils, where coils are wound on stator teeth formed on the stator back-iron 600.
  • the lead frame 255 includes a first set of three apertures 610 for receiving a respective busbar lead frame pin for coupling the lead frame 255 to an inverter 310 in the first control device 300 and a second set of three apertures 620 for receiving a respective busbar lead frame pin for
  • the lead frame 255 is mounted to the stator back-iron 600 via the use of heat stakes 630 attached to the stator back-iron 600 at predetermined locations that are arranged to extend through apertures formed in the lead frame 255. Once the lead frame 255 is mounted on the stator back-iron 600 with the respective heat stakes 630 extending through a respective aperture formed in the lead frame 255, the heat stakes 630 are melted, thereby retaining the lead frame 255 to the stator back-iron 600.
  • any suitable means for attaching the lead frame to the stator back-iron may be used .
  • the lead frame 255 includes a plurality of recesses 640 formed on both the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame 255 for receiving the end sections of the coils wound on the stator teeth for coupling the coils 400 to the lead frame 255, as described below, where for each coil wound on a stator tooth, one end section is mounted in a recess 640 formed on the inner radial edge of the lead frame and the other end section is mounted in a recess 640 formed on the outer radial edge of the lead frame 255.
  • FIG 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the lead frame, where the lead frame comprises a first lead frame section 701 and a second lead frame section (not shown), where preferably both the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section are semi-circumferential such that when mounted on the stator 252 the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section form a substantially circumferential lead frame arrangement.
  • each lead frame section 701 is mounted to an axial mounting surface of a stator back-iron 600, which forms part of the stator 252, adjacent to the coils, where coils are wound on stator teeth formed on the stator back-iron 600.
  • Both the first lead frame section and the second lead frame section includes a set of three apertures 801 for receiving a respective busbar lead frame pin for coupling the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 to an inverter 310 in the first control device 300 and the second control device 300 respectively.
  • the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 are mounted to the stator back-iron 600 via the use of heat stakes 630 attached to the stator back-iron 600 at predetermined locations that are arranged to extend through apertures formed in the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701.
  • the heat stakes 630 are melted, thereby
  • first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 to the stator back-iron 600.
  • any suitable means for attaching the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 to the stator back-iron 600 may be used.
  • the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 includes a plurality of recesses 640 formed on both the inner and outer radial edges of the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 for receiving the end sections of the coils 400 wound on the stator teeth for coupling the coil 400 to the first lead frame section 701 and the second lead frame section 701 respectively, as described below.
  • one end section is mounted in a recess 640 formed on the inner radial edge of the first lead frame section 701 or the second lead frame section 701 and the other end section is mounted in a recess 640 formed on the outer radial edge of the corresponding lead frame section 701.
  • a single circumferential lead frame is used as a current path from the respective inverters 310 within the control devices 300 to the respective coil windings, where the lead frame 255 is a substantially circumferential printed circuit board having a plurality of circuit board layers having a conductive layer printed on each circuit board layer.
  • a printed conductive layer formed on a first half of the surface area provides the electrical connections for one of the control devices 300 and coil windings mounted on the stator
  • a printed conductive layer formed on a second half of the surface area provides the electrical connections for the other control device 300 and coil windings mounted on the stator.
  • one half of the circumference of the lead frame printed circuit board is allocated for coupling a first control device 300 to one set of coil windings to form a first set of three sub motors and a second half of the circumference of the lead frame printed circuit board is allocated for coupling a second control device 300 to a second set of coil windings to form a second set of three sub motors.
  • the plurality of circuit board layers are separated by a respective insulating substrate.
  • the printed circuit board substrate material is made of substances that do not conduct electric currents. Typically the substrate material functions as a laminated electrical insulator for the conductive layers formed on the printed circuit board.
  • FR-4 is a fibreglass- epoxy laminate that is affordable, a good electrical insulator and is more flame-resistant than fibreglass-only boards.
  • other insulating substrates may be used.
  • each circuit board layer on each circuit board is arranged to extend over a substantial portion of each circuit board where each conductive layer is arrange to correspond to a specific circuit path between the respective inverters 310 and the coil windings and between the different coil subsets that form the respective sub motors, as described below. Consequently, each circuit board layer is optimised for current flow.
  • each circuit board layer includes two sets of electrical connections for coupling three coil sub sets to one inverter and another three coil sub sets to another inverter
  • each circuit board layer may include any number of conductive layers based on the number of inverters. For example, if a single inverter were to be used to drive all the coil windings mounted on the stator the conductive layer printed on each circuit board layer would be arranged to form a specific circuit path between the inverter and the coil windings and between the different coil subsets that form the respective sub motors.
  • the printed circuit board includes a first circuit board layer having a first electrically conductive layer
  • Figure 9 that extends over substantially a first semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the W phase inverter busbar and to the first coil of the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411, the first coil of the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412 and the first coil of the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413.
  • an alternative electrically conductive layer extends over substantially a second semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the W phase inverter busbar of the second inverter and to corresponding coil windings mounted on the stator, where the alternative electrically conductive layer is electrically isolated from the first electrically conductive layer.
  • the W phase inverter busbar is coupled to the first circuit board layer via a busbar lead frame pin 1010, as illustrated in Figure 10, which is a cylindrical conductive element coupled to the W phase inverter busbar, where the busbar lead frame pin extends through the relevant lead frame pin aperture 610 formed in the printed circuit board.
  • the W busbar lead frame pin 1010 is arranged to be electrically coupled to the first conductive layer 900 at location 910.
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are
  • the other end sections of the first coils of the first phase windings for the first, second and third sub motor and the end sections of the remaining coil windings, which are mounted in respective recesses formed within the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame, are electrically isolated from the first conductive layer.
  • the printed circuit board includes a second circuit board layer having a second electrically conductive layer 1100 illustrated in Figure 11 that extends over substantially a first semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the U phase inverter busbar and to the first coil of the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411, first coil of the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412 and first coil of the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413.
  • a second circuit board layer having a second electrically conductive layer 1100 illustrated in Figure 11 that extends over substantially a first semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the U phase inverter busbar and to the first coil of the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411, first coil of the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412 and first coil of the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413.
  • electrically conductive layer extends over substantially a second semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the U phase inverter busbar of the second inverter and to corresponding coil windings mounted on the stator, where the alternative electrically conductive layer is electrically isolated from the second electrically conductive layer.
  • the U phase inverter busbar is coupled to the second circuit board layer via a busbar lead frame pin 1010, as illustrated in Figure 10, which is a cylindrical conductive element coupled to the U phase inverter busbar that extends through the relevant lead frame pin aperture 610 formed in the printed circuit board.
  • the U busbar lead frame pin 1010 is arranged to be electrically coupled to the second conductive layer 1100 at location 1110.
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are arranged to be mounted within the recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edge of the lead frame 255, as described above, where the end section of the coil windings mounted within the recess formed within the inner radial edge of the lead frame 255 at locations 1120, 1130, 1140 are electrically coupled to the second conductive layer.
  • respective recesses formed within the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame, are electrically isolated from the second conductive layer.
  • the printed circuit board includes a third circuit board layer having a third electrically conductive layer
  • Figure 12 that extends over substantially a first semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the V phase inverter busbar and to the first coil of the third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411, first coil of the third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412 and first coil of the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413.
  • electrically conductive layer extends over substantially a second semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board that is arranged to be electrically coupled to the V phase inverter busbar of the second inverter and to corresponding coil windings mounted on the stator, where the alternative electrically conductive layer is electrically isolated from the second electrically conductive layer.
  • the V phase inverter busbar is coupled to the third circuit board layer via a busbar lead frame pin 1010, as illustrated in Figure 10, which is a cylindrical conductive element coupled to the V phase inverter busbar that extends through the relevant lead frame pin aperture 610 formed in the printed circuit board.
  • the V busbar lead frame pin 1010 is arranged to be electrically coupled to the third conductive layer 1200 at location 1210.
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are arranged to be mounted within the recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edge of the lead frame 255, as described above, where the end section of the coil windings mounted within the recess formed within the inner radial edge of the lead frame at locations 1220, 1230, 1240 are electrically coupled to the third conductive layer.
  • the other end sections of the first coils of the third phase windings for the first, second and third sub motor and the end sections of the remaining coil windings, which are mounted in respective recesses formed within the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame, are electrically isolated from the third conductive layer.
  • the printed circuit board includes a fourth circuit board layer having a fourth electrically conductive layer 1310, fifth electrically conductive layer 1320 and a sixth
  • electrically conductive layer 1330 illustrated in Figure 13, where the fourth electrically conductive layer 1310, fifth electrically conductive layer 1320 and sixth
  • electrically conductive layer 1330 together extend over substantially a first semi-circumferential section of the circumferential circuit board.
  • the fourth electrically conductive layer 1310, fifth electrically conductive layer 1320 and sixth electrically conductive layer 1330 are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the fourth electrically conductive layer 1310 is arranged to electrically couple the last coil of the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411, last coil of the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411 and last coil of the third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411 to form a neutral point (i.e. a star point) between the first coil winding 401, the second coil winding 402, and the third coil winding 403 of the first sub motor 411.
  • a neutral point i.e. a star point
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are arranged to be mounted within the recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edge of the lead frame 255, as described above, where the end section of the coil windings mounted within the recess formed within the outer radial edge of the lead frame at locations 1311, 1312, 1313 are electrically coupled to the fourth conductive layer 1310.
  • windings which are mounted in respective recesses formed within the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame 255, are electrically isolated from the fourth conductive layer 1310.
  • the fifth electrically conductive layer 1320 is arranged to electrically couple the last coil of the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412, last coil of the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412 and last coil of the third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412 to form a neutral point (i.e. a star point) between the first coil winding 404, the second coil winding 405, and the third coil winding 405of the second sub motor 412.
  • a neutral point i.e. a star point
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are arranged to be mounted within the recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edge of the lead frame 255, as described above, where the end section of the coil windings mounted within the recess formed within the outer radial edge of the lead frame at locations 1321, 1322, 1323 are electrically coupled to the fifth conductive layer 1320.
  • the sixth electrically conductive layer 1330 is arranged to electrically couple the last coil of the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413, last coil of the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413 and last coil of the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413 to form a neutral point (i.e. a star point) between the first coil winding 407, the second coil winding 408, and the third coil winding 409 of the third sub motor 413.
  • a neutral point i.e. a star point
  • the end sections of the relevant coils are arranged to be mounted within the recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edge of the lead frame 255, as described above, where the end section of the coil windings mounted within the recess formed within the outer radial edge of the lead frame at locations 1331, 1332, 1333 are electrically coupled to the sixth conductive layer 1330.
  • windings which are mounted in respective recesses 640 formed within the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame 255, are electrically isolated from the sixth
  • the printed circuit board includes a fifth circuit board layer having a plurality of electrically conductive layers illustrated in Figure 14 for electrically coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor
  • the plurality of electrically conductive layers are arranged to electrically couple coils 400 that form the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor
  • the plurality of electrically conductive layers are arranged to electrically couple coils 400 that form the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413, coils 400 that form the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413, and coils 400 that form the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413.
  • the plurality of electrically conductive layers on the fifth circuit board layer are arranged to allow the plurality of coils for each respective coil sub-set to be coupled such that each coil within a coil winding produces a magnetic field that is anti-parallel with its adjacent coil for a given direction of current flow while having a common phase .
  • two electrically conductive layers 1501, 1502 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411
  • two electrically conductive layers 1503, 1504 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411
  • two electrically conductive layers 1501, 1502 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411
  • two electrically conductive layers 1503, 1504 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411
  • two electrically conductive layers 1501, 1502 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 401 of the first
  • conductive layers 1505, 1506 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411.
  • two electrically conductive layers 1507, 1508 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412
  • two electrically conductive layers 1509, 1510 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412
  • two electrically conductive layers 1507, 1508 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412
  • two electrically conductive layers 1509, 1510 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412
  • two electrically conductive layers 1509, 1510 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412
  • electrically conductive layers 1511, 1512 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412.
  • two electrically conductive layers 1513, 1514 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413
  • two electrically conductive layers 1515, 1516 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413
  • two electrically conductive layers 1517, 1518 are used for coupling coils 400 that form the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413.
  • one end section of the first coil that forms the set of coils that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411 is mounted in a recess 640 formed on the inner radial edge of the lead frame 255 at location 920 and is electrically coupled to the first electrically conductive layer 900 formed on the first circuit board layer while being electrically isolated from any other
  • the other end of the first coil is mounted in an opposite recess formed on the outer radial edge of the lead frame at location 950 and is electrically coupled to
  • One end section of the second coil that forms the set of coils that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411 is mounted in recess formed on the outer radial edge of the lead frame at location 951 and is electrically coupled to electrically conductive layer 1502 on the fifth circuit board layer, thereby electrically connecting the second coil to the W phase busbar pin via the first coil.
  • the other end of the second coil is mounted in an opposite recess formed on the inner radial edge of the lead frame at location 952 and is electrically coupled to electrically conductive layer 1501 on the fifth circuit board layer that is electrically isolated from electrically conductive layer 1502.
  • One end section of the third coil that forms the set of coils that form the first phase winding 401 of the first sub motor 411 is mounted in recess formed on the inner radial edge of the lead frame at location 953 and is electrically coupled to electrically conductive layer 1501 on the fifth circuit board layer, thereby electrically connecting the third coil to the W phase busbar pin via the first and second coils.
  • the other end of the third coil is mounted in an opposite recess formed on the outer radial edge of the lead frame at location 954 and is electrically coupled to the fourth conductive layer 1310 on the fourth circuit board layer for coupling the third coil to the corresponding coil for the second phase winding 402 and the third phase winding 403 that form the first sub motor 411.
  • next set of two conductive layers 1503, 1504 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the second phase winding 402 of the first sub motor 411 to the V phase busbar pin
  • next set of two conductive layers 1505, 1506 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the third phase winding 403 of the first sub motor 411 to the U phase busbar pin.
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1507, 1508 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the first phase winding 404 of the second sub motor 412 to the W phase busbar pin
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1509, 1510 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the second phase winding 405 of the second sub motor 412 to the V phase busbar pin
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1511, 1512 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the third phase winding 406 of the second sub motor 412 to the U phase busbar pin.
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1513, 1514 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the first phase winding 407 of the third sub motor 413 to the W phase busbar pin
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1515, 1516 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the second phase winding 408 of the third sub motor 413 to the V phase busbar pin
  • the next set of two conductive layers 1517, 1518 on the fifth circuit board layer are used to couple coils 400 that form the third phase winding 409 of the third sub motor 413 to the U phase busbar pin.
  • one or more of the circuit board layers may be duplicated. Accordingly, the first circuit board layer may be replaced with two circuit board layers having the same configuration as the first circuit board layer, thereby doubling the conductive area provided by the first circuit board.
  • the second circuit board layer may be replaced with two circuit board layers having the same configuration as the second circuit board layer
  • the third circuit board layer may be replaced with two circuit board layers having the same configuration as the third circuit board layer
  • the fourth circuit board layer may be replaced with two circuit board layers having the same configuration as the fourth circuit board layer
  • the fifth circuit board layer may be replaced with two circuit board layers having the same configuration as the fifth circuit board layer.
  • electrically conductive sleeve 1600 is inserted into the respective apertures formed in the lead frame for the W, U, V phase busbar pins 1010, as illustrated in Figure 15.
  • W, U, V phase busbar pins are inserted into the
  • phase busbar pins 1010 are arranged to be in electrical contact with the sleeves 1600.
  • solder or other electrically conductive material may be used for improved electrical contact between the pins 1010 and the sleeve 1600.
  • the respective conductive layers are arranged to extend and be in electrical contact to the electrically conductive sleeve 1600.
  • the respective conductive layers are arranged to be electrically isolated from the electrically conductive sleeve 1600.
  • the lead frame includes ten circuit board layers, where the first two circuit board layers 1611, 1612 correspond to the first circuit board layer described above for coupling the W busbar lead frame pin to the lead frame, the next two circuit board layers 1613, 1614 correspond to the second circuit board layer described above for coupling the U busbar lead frame pin to the lead frame, the next two circuit board layers 1615, 1616 correspond to the third circuit board layer described above for coupling the V busbar lead frame pin to the lead frame, the next two circuit board layers 1617, 1618 correspond to the fourth circuit board layer described above for coupling the first phase winding, the second phase winding and the third phase winding of the respective sub motors, with the next two circuit board layers 1619, 1620 corresponding to the fifth circuit board layer described above for coupling the coils for the respective phase windings.
  • the first conductive layers on the first two circuit board layers 1611, 1612 are in contact with the electrically conductive sleeve for coupling the W busbar lead frame pin to these two conductive layers.
  • the conductive layers printed on the other circuit board layers are
  • the present embodiment uses an electrically conductive sleeve 1600 for electrically coupling a busbar lead frame pin 1010 to the lead frame 255, any mechanism may be used for coupling the respective inverter legs to the lead frame 255.
  • a similar arrangement to that used for electrically coupling the phase busbar pins 1010 may be used for electrically coupling the respective end sections of the coils 400 to a required conductive layer printed on one or more of the circuit board layers, where a semicircular conductive sleeve is placed within the respective recesses formed in the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame.
  • the end sections of the respective coils 400 may be placed directly within the recess 640 formed in the inner and outer radial edges of the lead frame 255 with a conductive
  • the end sections of the coils Prior to the mounting of the lead frame 255 to the stator back iron 600, the end sections of the coils are arranged to extend in a radial direction away from the stator back iron 600 in the same plane as the axial mounting surface of the stator back iron 600.
  • the end section of a coil on the outer radial edge of the stator back iron 600 is arranged to extend in a radial direction away from the centre of the stator back iron 600 and the end section of the coil on the inner radial edge of the stator back iron 600 is arranged to extend in a radial direction towards the centre of the stator back iron 600.
  • the lead frame 255 is then mounted on the axial mounting surface of the stator back iron 600,
  • FIG. 16 illustrates one coil end section 1610 extending in a radial direction away from the stator back iron 600.
  • the end sections of the respective coils are then rotated by ninety degrees to extend into the lead frame recess 640 positioned above the respective end sections of the respective coils, thereby resulting in the coil end section 1620 extending in an axial direction.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a section of the stator back iron showing seven coils 400 with their respective coil end sections extending into an inner and outer radial recess 640 formed in the lead frame 255 for coupling the respective coils to the lead frame 255, as described above.
  • solder for improved electrical contact between the end sections of the respective coils and the lead frame 255, solder, or some other electrically conductive material may be used to between the end section of the coils and the lead frame 255.
  • stator back iron 600 is arranged to be mounted to the stator heat sink 253, as illustrated in Figure 18.
  • stator back iron 600 is mounted on the stator heat sink 253 via a hot drop mechanism, for example as described in Patent application GB1615255.5, however, any suitable mechanism may be used.
  • the stator head sink 253 has a cooling channel having a first section 1810 that is arranged to extend along the inner axial edge of the stator teeth and back iron 600, and a second section 1820 that is arranged to extend in a radially outward direction that is parallel to the axial mounting surface of stator back iron 600 on which the lead frame is mounted, as illustrated in a cross
  • potting material 1830 is placed between the heat sink 253 and the lead frame 255 and between the lead frame 255 and the stator coils 400.
  • the potting material 1830 used is arranged to provide good thermal conductivity.
  • a suitable potting material is ceramic filled epoxy resin; however other types of potting material may be used.
  • the lead frame With regard to the second embodiment, the lead frame
  • a first lead frame section 701 has a first set of printed circuit boards having conductive layers, as described above, for coupling a first inverter 310 to a first set of coils 400 to form a first set of three sub motors, with a second lead frame section 701 having a second set of printed circuit boards having conductive layers, as described above, for coupling a second inverter 310 to a second set of coils 400 to form a second set of three sub motors .
  • each lead frame section 701 only forming a semi circular section, this has the advantage of reducing manufacturing costs for the overall lead frame arrangement compared to the manufacturing costs for a single circumferential lead frame.
  • this section of the conductive layer can be isolated from the rest of the conductive layer and used as an additional current path for conductive layers on other printed circuit board layers.
  • this section of the conductive layer may be used to support current flow for other conductive layers.
  • this section of the first conductive layer is electrically isolated from the rest of the first conductive layer and is used for support current flow in the sixth conductive layer on the fourth printed circuit board layer.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un stator destiné à un moteur ou générateur électrique, le stator comprenant un support circonférentiel qui comporte une pluralité de dents de stator réparties autour de la circonférence du support circonférentiel avec un premier ensemble d'enroulements de bobine, un deuxième ensemble d'enroulements de bobine et un troisième ensemble d'enroulements de bobine montés sur la pluralité de dents de stator, un canal de refroidissement, et une grille de connexion permettant de coupler électriquement un premier onduleur à un premier ensemble d'enroulements de bobine d'un moteur ou générateur électrique monté sur le support circonférentiel, la grille de connexion comportant une carte de circuit imprimé ayant une pluralité de couches de carte de circuit imprimé, chaque couche de carte de circuit imprimé comportant un substrat isolant ayant une couche électroconductrice formée sur le substrat isolant, une première couche de carte de circuit imprimé comportant une première couche électroconductrice placée pour être couplée à un premier enroulement de bobine du premier ensemble d'enroulements de bobine et une première patte du premier onduleur, une deuxième couche de carte de circuit imprimé comprenant une deuxième couche électroconductrice placée pour être couplée à un deuxième enroulement de bobine du premier ensemble d'enroulements de bobine et une deuxième patte du premier onduleur, une troisième couche de carte de circuit imprimé comprenant une troisième couche électroconductrice placée pour être couplée à un troisième enroulement de bobine du premier ensemble d'enroulements de bobine et une troisième patte du premier onduleur ; et une quatrième couche de carte de circuit imprimé comprenant une quatrième couche électroconductrice placée pour être couplée au premier enroulement de bobine, au deuxième enroulement de bobine et au troisième enroulement de bobine pour former un point neutre entre le premier enroulement de bobine, le deuxième enroulement de bobine et le troisième enroulement de bobine, la grille de connexion étant positionnée entre le canal de refroidissement et les dents de stator avec un matériau d'enrobage positionné entre le canal de refroidissement et la grille de connexion, le matériau d'enrobage étant placé pour fournir un trajet thermique entre le canal de refroidissement et la grille de connexion.
PCT/IB2019/054192 2018-05-22 2019-05-21 Stator destiné à un moteur ou générateur électrique WO2019224720A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1808393.1A GB2574020A (en) 2018-05-22 2018-05-22 A stator for an electric motor or generator
GB1808393.1 2018-05-22

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WO2019224720A1 true WO2019224720A1 (fr) 2019-11-28

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EP3959799A4 (fr) 2019-04-25 2023-05-24 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Module à entraînement électrique
WO2022197543A1 (fr) 2021-03-15 2022-09-22 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Unité d'entraînement électrique
WO2023101925A1 (fr) 2021-12-01 2023-06-08 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Unité d'entraînement électrique avec ensemble moteur isolé de charges de flexion transmises par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble carter

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DE19647559A1 (de) * 1996-11-18 1997-11-27 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ständer einer elektrischen Maschine
GB2459061A (en) * 2006-07-13 2009-10-14 Qed Group Ltd Electric wheel motor
JP2009247138A (ja) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Jtekt Corp モータおよびこれを備える車両用操舵装置
US20150145358A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Mando Corporation Concentrated type motor
WO2016067156A1 (fr) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-06 Protean Electric Limited Stator de moteur ou de générateur électrique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3772716B2 (ja) * 2001-09-28 2006-05-10 日立電線株式会社 モールド端子台及びその製造方法
US20130307362A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 Bradley D. Chamberlin Conductor spacer clip
GB2518028B (en) * 2013-09-10 2016-05-25 Protean Electric Ltd Electric motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19647559A1 (de) * 1996-11-18 1997-11-27 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ständer einer elektrischen Maschine
GB2459061A (en) * 2006-07-13 2009-10-14 Qed Group Ltd Electric wheel motor
JP2009247138A (ja) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Jtekt Corp モータおよびこれを備える車両用操舵装置
US20150145358A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Mando Corporation Concentrated type motor
WO2016067156A1 (fr) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-06 Protean Electric Limited Stator de moteur ou de générateur électrique

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GB2574020A (en) 2019-11-27

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