WO2019218697A1 - 一种电子发生器、一种净电荷发生装置及一种静电扬声器 - Google Patents

一种电子发生器、一种净电荷发生装置及一种静电扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218697A1
WO2019218697A1 PCT/CN2019/000101 CN2019000101W WO2019218697A1 WO 2019218697 A1 WO2019218697 A1 WO 2019218697A1 CN 2019000101 W CN2019000101 W CN 2019000101W WO 2019218697 A1 WO2019218697 A1 WO 2019218697A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
voltage
generator
light source
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PCT/CN2019/000101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董耀斌
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Dong Yaobin
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Publication of WO2019218697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218697A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/003—Mems transducers or their use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of audio and video technology, and more particularly to an electronic generator, a net charge generating device and an electrostatic speaker.
  • moving coil speakers driven by magnetic force
  • electrostatic speakers driven by electrostatic force
  • an electrostatic speaker In order to restore the sound information of the high-fidelity digital audio signal, an electrostatic speaker can be used.
  • the principle is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the input audio signal is boosted 200 to 300 times by the audio transformer (101) and then applied to the two fixed plates (103).
  • an electric field which changes with the voltage of the audio signal is generated between the two fixed plates (103), and the high voltage direct current power source (104) injects an electrostatic charge into the diaphragm (102), and the diaphragm (102) vibrates by the electric field force to generate sound.
  • the diaphragm (102) of the electrostatic speaker is made by spraying a thin layer of high-impedance conductive material on a very thin polyester film (only a few microns), because the diaphragm (102) is very thin (only a few microns), very light (The quality is only a few hundredth of the vibration system of the moving coil speaker), so the transient characteristics are good, the ability to follow the audio signal is very strong, so the resolution is extremely excellent, and the details of the music can be distinguished; the theoretical distortion of the electrostatic speaker is very Small (distortion ⁇ 0.05%), such as the UK's QUAD ESL-2905 Deluxe Edition electrostatic speaker sound above 1000Hz, distortion ⁇ 0.15%; low frequency band (below 500Hz) distortion slightly larger, between 0.5% ⁇ 1%.
  • Electrostatic speakers perform very well in the middle and high frequency bands, but they are not comparable to moving coil speakers in the low frequency range (below 500 Hz). Because vibrations with slower vibrations but larger amplitudes are required in the low frequency range, the distance between the two fixed plates of the electrostatic speaker is not too large under the prior art conditions, if the distance between the two fixed plates is increased. Distance, the efficiency will drop sharply, so the more effective way is to use electrostatic speakers in the middle and high frequency bands, and the traditional dynamic moving speakers in the low frequency band, such as the products of MARTIN LOGAN in the United States.
  • the diaphragm is 107cm wide and 206cm high. It is like two pieces in the living room. Door panel.
  • the diaphragm is extremely light in weight, so the transient characteristics are good, the resolving power is excellent, and the performance of the medium and high frequency signals is extremely excellent. It can capture extremely subtle changes in the music signal, and the sound is natural and has a sense of presence. .
  • Polarization voltage is required, generally 2500 ⁇ 3500V, provided by high-voltage DC power supply, and high-voltage DC power supply is large, generally 12cm ⁇ 8cm ⁇ 2cm or more, making electrostatic speakers can not be used in mobile portable devices.
  • the technical solution of the present invention can solve the defect that the electrostatic speaker has a high voltage direct current power source.
  • the present invention provides a net charge generating device instead of the high voltage direct current power source, and also provides an important component in the net charge generating device: an electron generator
  • the present invention also provides a diaphragm for an electrostatic speaker for ease of application of the net charge generating device.
  • the invention provides a diaphragm for an electrostatic speaker, numbered (903), as shown in FIG. 9: a layer of insulating material in the middle, and a thin layer (about several micrometers) respectively coated on both sides of the layer of insulating material a high-impedance conductive material and a thin layer (about a few micrometers) of a low-impedance conductive material having a sheet resistance of between 10 6 and 10 12 ⁇ , and a sheet resistance of the low-impedance conductive material being 0 ⁇
  • a first conductive layer for convenience of description, one side coated with a high-impedance conductive material is referred to as a first conductive layer, and the side coated with a low-impedance conductive material is referred to as a second conductive layer.
  • the invention provides an electronic generator, numbered (803), as shown in FIG. 7, comprising: a first light-emitting component (2), a convex lens (3), a first anode (1) having conductivity and transparency, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing casing (7); said first anode (1) being opposite said convex lens (3) a thin layer (about a few tenths of a millimeter) of a transparent conductive film is deposited on the surface of the first cathode (5); on the side of the first cathode (1) facing the first anode (1) The concave surface is covered with a thin (about several micrometers thick) photocathode material layer (4), and there is a gap between the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5) for electron movement;
  • a thin layer about several micrometers thick
  • the present invention provides a net charge generating device, numbered (J001), as shown in FIG. 8, comprising: an electronic generator (803), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), and a light source controller. (804); a control signal output terminal (represented by a, b in FIG. 8) of the voltage comparator (802) simultaneously with signal input of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801) The terminals (represented by a 1 and b 1 in FIG.
  • the generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is required), and a terminal is drawn from the first cathode (5) of the electron generator (803) as a wire.
  • the voltage comparator (802) issues a trigger signal (ie, a control signal) when the potential information is obtained from the potential detection signal input terminal (121). And transmitting to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the first light emitting part (2) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received trigger signal.
  • the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage or a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received trigger signal and is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6);
  • the power supply (805) of Figure 8 provides a suitable operating voltage to the light source controller (804), the auxiliary voltage generator (801), and the voltage comparator (802).
  • a circuit for providing static charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (J001) is as shown in FIG. 9, and includes: a net charge generating device (J001) and an audio transformer (101). , two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903); the input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) by 200 to 300 times and then added.
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects that the static electricity of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to a preset normal operation through the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) Below the power range (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) issues a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804),
  • the light source controller (804) controls the first light emitting part (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the An auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), the electron generator (803) Starting work and emitting electrons, the first cathode (5) is charged with a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is transported through the charge output end (120) to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker; If the amount of static electricity on the diaphragm (903) increases to a
  • a high-voltage direct current power source is used to supply an electrostatic charge to the diaphragm of the electrostatic speaker, and the size thereof is generally 12 cm ⁇ 8 cm ⁇ 2 cm or more, and a DC voltage of 2800 V to 5000 V is generated.
  • This large size limits the use of electrostatic speakers and cannot be used in mobile portable devices.
  • the net charge generating device provided by the invention has a simple structure and a smaller volume, and the net charge generating device (J001) shown in FIG. 8 is used in a fixed power source (AC 220V mains power supply).
  • An example of an electrostatic speaker in which the electron generator (803) can be between 3 cm 3 and 5 cm 3 and its electrostatic voltage can easily reach 10 000 V or more.
  • the net charge generating device provided by the present invention is reduced to the original size of the high voltage DC power source used in the prior art electrostatic speaker.
  • the electrostatic voltage can be easily increased without changing the size of the device, and it is easy to achieve more than 10 000V, but the advantage is not particularly obvious, because the disadvantage of using the high-voltage DC power supply in the prior art is not obvious in this case.
  • the electrostatic speaker itself is large in size and can leave enough space for the high-voltage DC power supply.
  • the high-voltage DC power source used in the prior art electrostatic speaker obviously cannot meet the requirement, and the advantage of the net charge generating device provided by the present invention is more prominent.
  • the shape, size, and performance parameters of the various components in the electronic generator (803) shown in FIG. 7 can be further optimized to meet the small size and thinness of the mobile portable device.
  • the first light-emitting component (2), the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) in the electron generator (803) can be designed in a thin plate shape and the electron generator is omitted.
  • the convex lens (3) in (803) forms two kinds of electron generators suitable for mobile portable devices as shown in FIGS. 16 and 21.
  • FIG. 16 is an electron generator provided by the present invention, numbered (1702), comprising: a second light-emitting component (12), a second anode (13) having conductivity and transparency, and having conductivity a second cathode (11), a second auxiliary electrode (15) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed casing (7); said second illuminating member (12), said second anode (13), said second cathode (11) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) are both formed into a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of a millimeter thick) to meet the demand for miniaturization and thinning of the portable portable device, the second cathode (11)
  • a photocathode material layer (4) is disposed on one side of the second anode (13), and the operation of the electron generator (1702) is described in the following description of the net charge generating device (YJ001).
  • the present invention provides a net charge generating device, numbered (YJ001), as shown in FIG. 17, comprising: an electronic generator (1702), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), and a light source controller. (804); a control signal output terminal (represented by a, b in FIG.
  • the auxiliary voltage generator (801) provides a constant voltage in both forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is required); the second illumination Light emitted from the component (12) is transmitted through the second anode (13) to the photocathode material layer (4) on the surface of the second cathode (11) while being in the second anode (13) A positive auxiliary voltage is applied between the second auxiliary electrodes (15), the photocathode material layer (4) escaping photoelectrons due to the photoelectric effect, and the escaping photoelectrons act on the electric field generated by the forward auxiliary voltage Drifting rapidly to the second anode (13); when the electron generator (1702) is in standby, the second light-emitting component (12) does not emit light and A reverse cutoff voltage is applied between the second anode (13) and
  • a circuit for providing static charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using a net charge generating device (YJ001) is shown in FIG. 18, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ001), an audio transformer (101), Two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903); the input audio signal is boosted 200 to 300 times by the audio transformer (101) It is then applied to the two fixed plates (103).
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects that the amount of static electricity of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to a preset normal operating power range by the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential)
  • the voltage comparator (802) sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), and the light source controller (804) controls according to the received control signal.
  • the first light emitting part (2) emits light
  • the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage to the second anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode according to the received control signal (15)
  • the electron generator (1702) starts to work and emits electrons
  • the second cathode (11) carries a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is passed through the charge output terminal (120).
  • the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential detection signal
  • the potential information transmitted from the input terminal (121) and a trigger signal is sent to the auxiliary a pressure generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electronic generator (803) to enter a standby state (ie, no electrons are required to be in a waiting state), thereby supplementing the diaphragm (903)
  • the process of electrostatic charge ends.
  • FIG. 21 is another electronic generator for mobile portable device provided by the present invention, number (2201), comprising: a second light emitting component (12), a transparent insulating material layer (18), having a conductive and transparent fourth cathode (16), a fifth anode (17) having electrical conductivity, and an insulating sealed casing (7); the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) are also formed a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of a millimeter) to accommodate the demand for miniaturization and thinning of the portable portable device, the fourth cathode (16) being provided with a photocathode on a side close to the fifth anode (17) Material (4), the operation of the electron generator (2201) see the net charge generating device (YJ003) described below.
  • YJ003 net charge generating device
  • the invention provides a net charge generating device, numbered (YJ003), as shown in FIG. 22, comprising: an electronic generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), and a capacitor (1203). And a light source controller (804); a control signal output terminal (represented by a, b in Fig. 22) of the voltage comparator (802) simultaneously with the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller ( 801) signal input (FIG.
  • b 1 represents) remains electrically connected to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) provides forward and reverse constant voltage (volts to only a few),
  • the output voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator (2201); the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator (2201) is led out by a wire
  • One terminal serves as a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003), and a terminal is drawn from the voltage comparator (802) by a wire as a potential detecting signal input terminal of the net charge generating device (YJ003).
  • the circuit provided by the present invention for providing static charge to the diaphragm of the electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (YJ003) is as shown in FIG. 23, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ003), an audio transformer (101), and two fixed a plate (103) and a diaphragm (903); a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected to a first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the net charge occurs
  • the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the device (YJ003) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) by 200 to 300 times and then added.
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects that the static electricity amount of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to a preset normal working power range by the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) issues a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the second light emitting component (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the A booster voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage based on the received control signal and is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the electron generator (2201) starting to operate and Transmitting electrons, the fourth cathode (16) carrying a positive charge due to escaping electrons, the positive charge being transported through the charge output end (120) to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker; The amount of static electricity on the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal operating power range, and the voltage comparat
  • the voltage comparator (802), the auxiliary voltage controller (801), and the light source controller (804) in the net charge generating device (YJ001) and the net charge generating device (YJ003) require only a few volts of operating voltage.
  • the three components of the voltage comparator (802), the auxiliary voltage controller (801) and the light source controller (804) are integrated on a chip of about 12 mm ⁇ 12 mm ⁇ 3.5 mm by an integrated circuit process, and
  • the electron generator (1702) shown in FIG. 16 and the electron generator (2201) shown in FIG. 21 can also be made to have a size of about 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 3.5 mm, so that the net charge generating device (YJ001) and the net charge are shown.
  • the size of the generating device (YJ003) can be made small enough to meet the demand for miniaturization and thinning of the electrostatic speaker in the mobile portable device; and the high-voltage DC voltage used in the prior art electrostatic speaker is generally 12 cm ⁇ 8 cm. ⁇ 2 cm or more makes the prior art electrostatic speaker unusable in mobile portable devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic speaker in the prior art
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are structural views of a first cathode 5 in an electron generator (803) provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural view of a first cathode (5) of a surface of an electron generator (803) covered with a first photocathode material layer (4);
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the first light emitting component (2)
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of an electron generator (803) provided by the present invention [not shown an insulating sealed casing (7)];
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the electron generator (803) provided by the present invention as seen from the side, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 1;
  • J001 net charge generating device
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J002) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 5;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J003) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 7 and Embodiment 8;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of Embodiment 9;
  • J004 net charge generating device
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of Embodiment 12.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of an electron generator (1702) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic diagram of Embodiment 13.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ001) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 14.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view of Embodiment 15;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ002) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 16.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of Embodiment 17;
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the electron generator (2201) provided by the present invention as seen from the side, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 18.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ003) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 19.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view of Embodiment 20.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ004) provided by the present invention, and is also a schematic view of Embodiment 21.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view of Embodiment 22;
  • Audio transformer (101) boosting the audio signal
  • Diaphragm (102) a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker in the prior art, which is deposited on a polyester film which is light (only a few micrometers thick) and light (only equivalent to the mass of a few millimeters of air of the same area). (about a few microns thick) made of high-impedance conductive material;
  • the audio signal is amplified 200 to 300 times by the audio transformer (101) and then applied to the fixed plate;
  • High-voltage DC power supply (104) generates DC high voltage, and injects static charge to the diaphragm (102);
  • the diaphragm (903) the diaphragm provided in the technical solution of the present invention, the middle is an insulating layer, and a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) of high-impedance material is coated on one surface of the insulating layer, the high impedance
  • the sheet has a sheet resistance of between 10 6 and 10 12 ⁇ , which is referred to as a first conductive layer; and a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) of a low-resistance material is coated on the other surface of the insulating layer, the low impedance
  • the sheet resistance of the material is between 0 and 10 6 ⁇ , which is recorded as the second conductive layer;
  • Power supply (805) providing a suitable operating voltage for active devices such as auxiliary voltage generator (801), voltage comparator (802), and light source controller (804);
  • the electron generator (803) is composed of a first light emitting part (2), a convex lens (3), a first anode (1), a first cathode (5), a first auxiliary electrode (6) and an insulating sealed casing (7).
  • the part enclosed by the dotted line indicates that the inside is evacuated (vacuum degree is about 10 -2 Pa);
  • the first anode (1) is coated on one side of the optical convex lens with a transparent conductive film, the transparent conductive film facing the first photocathode material layer (4);
  • the first cathode (5) is a disk-shaped conductor which is thinner than the edge in the middle and has a concave surface in the central portion of both sides, and has a smooth curved surface, and is covered with a layer on the concave surface on the side of the first anode (1). a thinner (about a few microns thick) first photocathode material layer (4);
  • Photocathode material layer (4) It can be made of gallium arsenide GaAs, bismuth telluride CsSb or polybasic telluride ⁇ potassium sodium ⁇ NaKSbCs, etc., by vacuum evaporation, sputtering or crystal epitaxial growth, etc. 1 the concave surface of this side is covered with a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) of the photocathode material;
  • First illuminating member (2) illuminating can cause photoelectrons to be generated by the first cathode (5);
  • Convex lens (3) converges the light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) and irradiates the region where the photocathode material layer (4) is located;
  • the first auxiliary electrode (6) is disposed opposite to the first anode (1), is spaced apart from the first cathode (5) and is electrically insulated from the first cathode (5) to form a curved surface, and the convex side faces the first An anode (1);
  • Insulated sealed enclosure (7) Made of insulating material with sufficient mechanical strength;
  • Auxiliary voltage generator (801) belongs to the active device, can generate forward voltage and reverse cut-off voltage (only a few volts), its working state is controlled by the trigger signal from the voltage comparator (802); work When a forward voltage is generated, the photoelectrons generated by the electron generator (803) are moved toward the first anode (1), and a reverse voltage is generated while waiting (ie, the default state) to prevent the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping electrons;
  • Voltage comparator (802) belongs to the active device. If the static quantity of the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is within the normal range, the voltage comparator (802) is in the standby state, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) Is in a wait state, generating a reverse cut-off voltage; if the amount of static electricity of the first conductive material layer of the diaphragm (903) is lower than the set minimum value due to leakage (such as air humidity, ionization, etc.), the voltage comparison
  • the (802) output trigger signal is simultaneously transmitted to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), at which time the auxiliary voltage generator (801) is triggered to generate a forward voltage while the first illuminating component ( 2) Illumination, electron generator [803] emits electrons, so that the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) increases;
  • the light source controller (804) is an active device whose operating state is controlled by a trigger signal sent by the voltage comparator (802) to control the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light or to be extinguished;
  • the electron generator (1202) is composed of a second cathode (8), a second anode (19) and an insulating sealed casing (7), and the portion enclosed by a broken line indicates the insulating sealed casing ( 7)
  • the internal vacuum is drawn (the vacuum is about 10 -2 Pa);
  • the second cathode (8) a metal having a higher melting point is formed into a tip shape by a special process, and generally uses metal tungsten or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) to emit electrons or electrons;
  • LaB 6 metal tungsten or lanthanum hexaboride
  • the electron generator (1401) as shown in FIG. 14, is composed of a second cathode (8), a third anode (9), a second auxiliary electrode (10), and an insulating sealed casing (7), and is partially framed by a broken line. It is indicated that the inside of the insulating sealed casing (7) is evacuated (vacuum degree is about 10 -2 Pa);
  • a third anode (9) consisting of a conductor that is thinner than the edge and has a smooth curved surface;
  • a second light-emitting component (12) in order to meet the needs of the mobile portable device, the second light-emitting component (12) is made into a thin (about 0.3 mm to 1 mm) plate-shaped light source;
  • the fourth anode (13) in order to meet the needs of the mobile portable device, the fourth anode (13) is made into a thin (about a few tenths of a millimeter) plate shape, and the fourth anode (13) is passed through a thin (about a few micrometers to a few millimeters) transparent conductive film deposited on a thin (about a few tenths of a millimeter) transparent material;
  • the third cathode (11) in order to meet the needs of the mobile portable device, the third cathode (11) is made into a thin (about a few tenths of a millimeter) plate shape, which is passed through a thinner (about a few tenths of a millimeter) a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) photocathode material (4) is deposited on the plate conductor;
  • the second auxiliary electrode Made into a thin plate (about a few tenths of a millimeter);
  • Embodiment 1 An electron generator provided by the present invention, numbered (803), as shown in FIG. 7, includes: a first light-emitting component (2), a convex lens (3), and a conductive and transparent first anode (1) a first cathode (5) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing casing (7); wherein the first anode (1) is at the convex lens (3) A thin layer (about a few tenths of a millimeter) of a transparent conductive film is deposited on the surface of one side of the first cathode (5); the first cathode (5) is thinner than the edge, and the central regions of the two sides are thin Both are concave disc-shaped conductors, the surface of the first cathode (5) has a smooth curved surface, and the first cathode (5) is opposite to the concave surface on the side of the first anode (1).
  • the photocathode material layer (4) can be made of a polybasic telluride such as strontium telluride (CsSb) or sodium strontium strontium (CsNaKSb).
  • CsSb strontium telluride
  • CsNaKSb sodium strontium strontium
  • the first auxiliary electrode ( 6) Do a convex curved surface structure and one side of the protrusion is disposed opposite to a side of the first anode (1) and is separated from two sides of the first cathode (5), the first auxiliary electrode (6) maintaining electrical insulation with the first cathode (5);
  • the first light-emitting component (2) may be made of a common light-emitting diode, and its position is set near the outer side of the focus of the convex lens (3), so that The light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is concentrated by the convex lens (3) and transmitted through the first anode (1), and the light spot just covers the region where the photocathode material layer (4) is located;
  • An alternative to the electron generator (803) of Embodiment 1 is that the first light-emitting component (2) is disposed outside the insulating sealed casing (7) while corresponding to the insulating sealed casing (7) Positioning a transparent light window to transmit light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) through the transparent light window, the convex lens (3), the first anode (1), and then irradiating the photocathode On the material layer (4).
  • Embodiment 2 A net charge generating device provided by the present invention, numbered as J001, as shown in FIG. 8, comprising: an electronic generator (803), a voltage comparator (802), and an auxiliary voltage generator (801) And a light source controller (804); a control signal output terminal (represented by a, b in FIG. 8) of the voltage comparator (802) simultaneously with the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801) a signal input (represented by a 1 , b 1 in FIG.
  • the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is required), the output voltage of which is applied to the first anode (1) of the electron generator (803) and the Between the first auxiliary electrodes (6); a terminal is drawn from the first cathode (5) of the electron generator (803) by a wire as a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device (J001), The voltage comparator (802) leads a terminal with a wire as a potential detection signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (J001); the first The light emitted by the optical member (2) is concentrated by the convex lens (3) and transmitted through the first anode (1), and its spot just covers the region where the photocathode material layer (4) is located, the photocathode material The layer (4) emits photoelectrons due to
  • Embodiment 3 A circuit for supplying an electrostatic charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (J001) described in Embodiment 2 is shown in FIG. 9; charge output of the net charge generating device (J001) The terminal (120) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (J001) and the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) Keep the electrical connection.
  • Working process as shown in FIG.
  • the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is caused by induction.
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) then issue a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the first lighting component according to the received control signal (2) Illuminating while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6),
  • the electron generator (803) starts to operate and emits electrons, and the first cathode (5) carries a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is transmitted to the electrostatic speaker through the
  • the power comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input terminal (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller.
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in power again through the potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), and the voltage comparator (802) A trigger signal is then sent to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), and the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) for the next time begins until the first conductive of the diaphragm (903) The amount of static electricity on the layer is increased again to the preset normal working power range.
  • the diaphragm (903) ends the process of supplementary charge again; the present embodiment, the electrostatic speaker diaphragm (903) with a positive electrostatic charge.
  • Embodiment 4 An electron generator provided by the present invention, numbered (1003), as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 10, comprising: a first light-emitting component (2), a convex lens (3), and having conductivity and transparency a first anode (1), a first cathode (5) having electrical conductivity, and an insulating sealed casing (7); the first anode (1) is adjacent to the first cathode (5) a thin layer (about a few tenths of a millimeter) of a transparent conductive film is deposited on the surface of one side, and the first anode (1) is grounded; the first cathode (5) is thinner than the edge, and the two sides are The central region is a concave disc-shaped conductor having a smooth curved surface, and the concave surface of the first cathode (5) adjacent to the first anode (1) is covered with a thinner (about several micrometers thick).
  • the photocathode material layer (4) may be made of a multi-alkali telluride such as bismuth telluride (CsSb) or sodium bismuth potassium hydride (CsNaKSb), the first anode ( 1) having a gap (about a few tenths of a millimeter to several millimeters, generally between 0.1 and 4 millimeters) for movement of electrons between the photocathode material layer (4); the first light-emitting component (2) the convex lens (3), the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5) are both fixed in the insulating sealing case (7), the insulating sealing case (7) Internally evacuated (vacuum degree about 10 -2 Pa), when light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is transmitted through the convex lens (3) and the first anode (1) to the photocathode On the material layer (4), the photocathode material layer (4) escapes photoelect
  • CsSb bismuth telluri
  • Embodiment 5 A net charge generating device provided by the present invention, numbered (J002), as shown in FIG. 10, comprising: an electron generator (1003), a voltage comparator (802), and a light source controller (804); a signal output terminal of the voltage comparator (802) (FIG. 10 by a, b shown) and the light source controller (804) signal input (FIG. 10 by a 1, b 1 represents) remains electrically connected
  • the output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected to the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2), and a terminal is drawn from the first cathode (5) of the electron generator (1003) by a wire.
  • a terminal is drawn from the voltage comparator (802) as a potential detecting signal input terminal (121), and the power source (805) in FIG. 10 is the voltage comparator (802) and the light source control.
  • the device (804) provides a suitable operating voltage.
  • the photocathode effect causes the photocathode material layer (4) on the first cathode (5) to escape electrons
  • the convex lens (3) causes the light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) to be concentrated and irradiated to the
  • the photocathode material layer (4) saves electrical energy and prevents light from being irradiated to an unnecessary portion, thereby lowering the operating temperature of the entire electron generator (1003);
  • the voltage comparator (802) is for detecting the The potential detection signal input terminal (121) inputs potential information, and controls the light source controller (804) to operate or standby according to the detection result, and the light source controller (804) is based on the received control signal (ie, the voltage comparator) (802) A trigger signal is issued) controlling the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light or to stop emitting light.
  • Embodiment 6 The static charge generating device (J002) according to Embodiment 5 can supply static electricity to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker, as shown in FIG. 11, including: net charge generating device (J002), audio transformer (101), two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) by 200 to 300 times.
  • the fixed plate (103) is on the fixed plate.
  • the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is caused by induction.
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) then issue a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the first light emitting component (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, the electron generator (803) Starting work and emitting electrons, the first cathode (5) carries a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is transported through the charge output terminal (120) to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker.
  • the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) and Sending a trigger signal to the light source controller (804) to control the electron generation (803) enters a standby state (ie, does not need to emit electrons, is in a waiting state), and thus the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with an electrostatic charge ends; if for some reason (such as air humidity, ionization, etc.)
  • the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) leaks, and the amount of static electricity decreases again.
  • the voltage comparator ( 802) detecting, by the potential detecting signal input terminal (121), the power change (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then issuing a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the next process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with charge begins until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is again increased to a preset normal operating power range, The process of replenishing the charge of the film (903) ends again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker in this embodiment has a positive electrostatic charge.
  • Embodiment 7 The present invention also provides an electron generator, numbered (1202), as shown in the dotted line in FIG. 12, comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, having conductivity a second anode (19) and an insulating sealed casing (7); the second cathode (8) is formed of a high-melting-point metal with a tip-like structure, and a tip end portion of the second cathode (8) is A small gap (about a few tenths of a millimeter) is left between the two anodes (19); the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) are both fixed in the insulating sealed casing (7) The inside of the insulating sealed casing (7) is evacuated (vacuum degree is about 10 -2 Pa), and a certain voltage is applied between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) (about 1000V) The tip of the second cathode (8) can emit electrons, and the emitted electrons pass over the gap to
  • the second cathode (8) in Fig. 12 may also employ an electron emission mode in which a thermal electron emission or a field electron emission and a thermal electron emission are simultaneously present.
  • the second cathode (8) in Fig. 12 can also be formed as an array of tips composed of a plurality of tips, or can be formed into a blade shape.
  • Embodiment 8 The present invention also provides a net charge generating device, numbered (J003), as shown in FIG. 12, comprising: an electronic generator (1202), a voltage comparator (802), and a pulse voltage generator (1202). ) and a capacitor (1203); a signal input terminal of the voltage comparator output signal (802) (FIG. 12 by a, b shown) of the pulse voltage generator (1201) (FIG. 12 with a 1 , b 1 denotes) maintaining an electrical connection, and a pulse voltage (peak of about 1000 V) output from the pulse voltage generator (1201) is applied to the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) through the capacitor (1203).
  • a net charge generating device numbered (J003), as shown in FIG. 12, comprising: an electronic generator (1202), a voltage comparator (802), and a pulse voltage generator (1202). ) and a capacitor (1203);
  • a signal input terminal of the voltage comparator output signal (802) (FIG. 12 by a,
  • the pulse voltage generator (1201) can output a forward pulse voltage (peak of about 1000 volts) and a reverse cutoff voltage (about several volts to a few volts); from the electron generator (1202)
  • the second anode (19) leads a terminal as a net charge output terminal (120), and a terminal is drawn from the voltage comparator (802) as a potential detection signal input terminal (121), and the power supply (805) in FIG.
  • the voltage comparator (802) and the pulse voltage generator (1201) provide a suitable operating voltage.
  • Embodiment 9 A circuit for providing static charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (J003) described in Embodiment 8 is as shown in FIG. 13, and includes: a net charge generating device (J003), an audio transformer (101), two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J003) is kept electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) Connected, the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (J003) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the audio signal is amplified by the audio transformer (101) by 200 ⁇ 300 times later is applied to the fixed plate (103).
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) a trigger signal is then sent to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) sends a forward pulse voltage according to the received control signal and is applied to the second cathode (8) and Between the second anodes (19), the electron generator (1202) starts to operate and emits electrons, and the second anode (19) carries a negative charge due to the acquisition of electrons, and the negative charge passes through the charge output terminal.
  • the voltage comparator (802) receives the location The potential information transmitted from the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) and the trigger signal is sent The pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) generates a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received control signal and is applied between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19)
  • the electronic generator (1202) enters a standby state (ie, does not need to emit electrons, is in a waiting state), and thus the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with an electrostatic charge ends; if for some reason (such as humid air, Ionization or the like causes the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) to leak, and the amount of static electricity thereof decreases again, and the amount of static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) also decrease
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in power again through the potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), and the voltage comparator (802) then issues a trigger signal.
  • the next process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with charge begins until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is again increased to a preset normal state.
  • the working power range, the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) is ended again Examples of the electrostatic charge in electrostatic speaker diaphragm (903) with a negative of the present embodiment.
  • Embodiment 10 An electron generator further provided by the present invention, numbered (1401), as indicated by (1401) in FIG. 14, comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, having conductivity a third anode (9), a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing casing (7); the second cathode (8) is formed of a high-melting-point metal having a tip-like structure,
  • the three anode (9) is a conductor which is thinner than the edge and has a smooth curved surface, and a gap between the tip end portion of the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9) for electron movement (about a few points) a millimeter), a structure in which the first auxiliary electrode (6) is convex near a side of the third anode (9), and the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are respectively located On both sides of the third anode (9), the first auxiliary electrode (6) is electrically insulated from the third an
  • a strong electric field is used to cause electrons to be emitted from the tip of the second cathode (8).
  • the insulation is When the degree of vacuum inside the sealed casing (7) reaches about 10 -2 Pa, a voltage of about 1000 V is applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) (the specific voltage level and the electrode) The distance between the second cathode (8) is such that the tip of the second cathode (8) emits electrons, and the emitted electrons pass over the gap to the third anode (9).
  • the second cathode (8) in Figure 14 may also employ electron emission in the presence of both hot electron emission or field electron emission and thermal electron emission.
  • Embodiment 11 also provides a net charge generating device, numbered (J004), as shown in FIG. 14, comprising: an electron generator (1401), a voltage comparator (802), and a pulse voltage generator (1201). a signal output terminal of the voltage comparator (802) (indicated by a, b in FIG. 14) and a signal input terminal of the pulse voltage generator (1201) (indicated by a 1 and b 1 in FIG. 14) Maintaining an electrical connection, a pulse voltage output by the pulse voltage generator (1201) is applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), and the pulse voltage generator (1201) can output a peak value.
  • a net charge generating device numbered (J004), as shown in FIG. 14, comprising: an electron generator (1401), a voltage comparator (802), and a pulse voltage generator (1201).
  • a signal output terminal of the voltage comparator (802) indicated by a, b in FIG. 14
  • a voltage terminal (802) is used to draw a terminal as a potential detecting signal input terminal (121), and the power source (805) in FIG. 14 provides the voltage comparator (802) and the pulse voltage generator (1201). The right working voltage.
  • Embodiment 12 A circuit for providing an electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (J004) described in Embodiment 11 is as shown in FIG. 15, and includes: a net charge generating device (J004), an audio transformer (101) And two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J004) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (J004) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the audio signal is boosted 200 to 300 times by the audio transformer (101).
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) a trigger signal is then sent to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) sends a forward pulse voltage according to the received control signal and is applied to the second cathode (8) and Between the first auxiliary electrode (6), the electron generator (1401) starts to operate and emits electrons, and the third anode (9) carries a negative charge due to the acquisition of electrons, and the negative charge passes through the charge output.
  • the end (120) is delivered to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker; if the amount of static electricity on the diaphragm (903) increases to a preset normal operating power range, the voltage comparator (802) receives The potential detection signal input terminal (121) sends potential information and sends a trigger signal To the pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) issues a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received control signal and applies to the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9) Between the electronic generator (1401) enters a standby state (ie, no electrons are required to be in a waiting state), and the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with electrostatic charges is ended; if for some reason (such as air) Moisture, ionization, etc., causing the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) to leak, and the amount of static electricity is reduced again.
  • some reason such as air
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in power again through the potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), and the voltage comparator (802) then sends out Triggering a signal to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the next process of replenishing the film (903) with charge begins until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset
  • the normal working power range the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) is again ; Electrostatic speaker diaphragm described in the present embodiment (903) with a negative electrostatic charge.
  • the electron generator, the net charge generating device or the electrostatic speaker according to the first embodiment to the twelfth embodiment provided by the present invention are applicable to a case where a fixed power source (220V mains AC power source) is provided, and the following Embodiment 13 to The electron generator, net charge generating device or electrostatic speaker given in Example 22 is suitable for use in a mobile portable device.
  • Embodiment 13 An electron generator provided by the present invention, numbered (1702), as shown in FIG. 16, comprising: a second light emitting part (12), a fourth anode (13) having conductivity and transparency, having a conductive third cathode (11), a second auxiliary electrode (15) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed casing (7); the second illuminating member (12) is formed in a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of a millimeter)
  • the fourth anode (13) is formed by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of a millimeter) on the surface of the thin plate-shaped transparent insulating material (about a few tenths of a millimeter), and the third cathode (11) is A very thin plate-shaped conductor (about a few tenths of a millimeter) is deposited on the surface by a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) of a photocathode material layer (4), the
  • the light emitted by the second light-emitting element (12) is irradiated onto the photocathode material layer (4) through the fourth anode (13), and the photocathode material layer (4) escapes photoelectrons due to the photoelectric effect.
  • the escaping photoelectrons drift to the fourth anode (13) through the gap; the second illuminating member (12), the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) and the
  • the second auxiliary electrode (15) is made as thin as possible.
  • the size of the electron generator (1702) shown in FIG. 16 can be compressed to 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 3.5 mm or less; Shown at 16 is a cross-sectional view of the electron generator (1702).
  • Embodiment 14 A net charge generating device provided by the present invention, numbered (YJ001), as shown in FIG. 17, comprising: an electron generator (1702), a voltage comparator (802), and an auxiliary voltage generator (801) And a light source controller (804); a control signal output terminal (represented by a, b in FIG. 17) of the voltage comparator (802) simultaneously with the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801) a signal input (represented by a 1 , b 1 in FIG.
  • the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can generate a constant voltage in the forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is required), and this voltage is applied to the fourth anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode of the electron generator (1702).
  • a terminal is drawn from the third cathode (11) of the electron generator (1702) as a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ001), from which the voltage is compared
  • the device (802) leads a terminal with a wire as a potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ001); the battery in FIG. 17 (170) 1) Provide a suitable operating voltage to the light source controller (804), the auxiliary voltage generator (801), and the voltage comparator (802).
  • Embodiment 15 A circuit for providing static charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (YJ001) described in Embodiment 14 is as shown in FIG. 18, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ001) and an audio transformer (101). And two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the audio signal is boosted 200 to 300 times by the audio transformer (101).
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity through the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then issues a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage a generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the second light emitting part (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) Generating a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and applying between the fourth anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15), the electron generator (1702) starts to work and emits electrons,
  • the third cathode (11) is positively charged by
  • the amount of static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is also reduced, and the voltage comparator ( 802) detecting, by the potential detecting signal input terminal (121), the power change (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then issuing a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage to generate And the light source controller (804), the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) for the next time begins, until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset The normal operating power range, the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) is terminated again; in the embodiment, the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker has a positive electrostatic charge.
  • Embodiment 16 The second auxiliary electrode (15) in the electron generator (1702) in Fig. 17 is removed, and the fourth anode (13) is grounded to form an electron generator as shown in Fig. 19, numbered as (1902), a net charge generating device composed of the electronic generator (1902) and other components, numbered (YJ002), as shown in FIG. 19, comprising: an electron generator (1902), a voltage comparator (802) And a light source controller (804); a control signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) (indicated by a, b in Fig. 19) and a signal input end of the light source controller (804) (a is used in Fig.
  • the voltage output of the light source controller (804) is in electrical connection with the power interface of the second lighting component (12); from the third cathode of the electron generator (1902) (11) Leading a terminal as a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ002), and drawing a terminal from the voltage comparator (802) as a net charge generating device (YJ002) a potential detection signal input terminal (121); the battery (1701) in FIG. 19 provides the light source controller (804) and the voltage comparator (802) Appropriate operating voltage.
  • the second lighting component (12) can be moved outside the insulating sealing casing (7) while leaving a transparent position on the insulating sealing casing (7) a light window that causes light emitted by the second light-emitting component (12) to be irradiated onto the photocathode material layer (4) through the transparent light window.
  • Embodiment 17 A circuit for providing an electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (YJ002) described in Embodiment 16 is as shown in FIG. 20, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ002) and an audio transformer (101). And two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ002) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ002) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) by 200 to 300.
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) then sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, the electron generator (1902) Starting work and emitting electrons, the third cathode (11) carries a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is transported through the charge output terminal (120) to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker.
  • the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) and Sending a trigger signal to the light source controller (804) to control the electronic hair
  • the device (1902) enters a standby state (ie, does not need to emit electrons, is in a waiting state), and thus the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with static charge ends; if for some reason (such as air humidity, ionization, etc.)
  • the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) leaks, and the amount of static electricity is reduced again.
  • the amount of static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is also reduced.
  • the voltage comparator is also reduced. (802) detecting, by the potential detecting signal input terminal (121), the power change (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then issuing a trigger signal to the light source control (804), the next process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with charge begins until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset normal operating power range, The process of replenishing the charge of the diaphragm (903) ends again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker in the present embodiment has a positive electrostatic charge.
  • Embodiment 18 An electron generator using a transmissive design provided by the present invention, numbered (2201), as shown in FIG. 21, comprising: a second light emitting part (12), a transparent insulating material layer (18), having a conductive and transparent fourth cathode (16), a fifth anode (17) having electrical conductivity, and an insulating sealed casing (7); the second light-emitting member (12) is formed in a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of a millimeter thick)
  • the fourth cathode (16) is formed by depositing a thin layer (about a few tenths of a millimeter thick) of a transparent conductive film on the surface of the thin plate-shaped transparent insulating material, and depositing a thin layer (about several micrometers thick) on the transparent conductive film.
  • the fifth anode (17) is made of a thin plate-shaped conductor (about a few tenths of a millimeter thick), the fifth anode (17) and the photocathode material layer (4) There is a gap (about a few tenths of a millimeter wide) for electron movement, and the second light emitting part (12), the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) are both fixed to the insulating sealed casing (7) within said insulating sealing enclosure (7) inside evacuated (vacuum of about 10 -2 Pa); a light transmitted through the second light emitting element (12) emitted from said transparent
  • the edge material layer (18) and the fourth cathode (16) are irradiated onto the photocathode material layer (4), the photocathode material layer (4) escaping photoelectrons due to the photoelectric effect, and the escaping photoelectrons pass The gap drifts to the fifth anode (17); the second light emitting
  • the second light-emitting component (12) can be moved to the outside of the insulating sealed casing while leaving a transparent light window at a corresponding position of the insulating sealed casing (7), so that the first Light emitted by the two light-emitting components (12) is transmitted through the transparent light window and the fourth cathode (16) onto the photocathode material layer (4).
  • Embodiment 19 The electronic generator (2201) shown in FIG. 21 is combined with other components to constitute a net charge generating device (YJ003) provided by the present invention.
  • the method includes: an electron generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), a capacitor (1203), and a light source controller (804); a control signal output terminal of the voltage comparator (802) (indicated by a, b in FIG. 22) Simultaneously electrically connected to the signal input terminals (represented by a 1 , b 1 in FIG.
  • the output terminal is electrically connected to the power interface of the second light-emitting component (12), and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is required), and the output voltage is increased.
  • a terminal is drawn from the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator (2201) as a wire a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003), from which a terminal is drawn from the voltage comparator (802) as the net charge
  • the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) of the generating device (YJ003); the battery (1701) in Fig. 22 provides suitable operation to the light source controller (804), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the voltage comparator (802). Voltage.
  • the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input terminal (121), and control an operation state of the light source controller (804) according to the detection result, the light source controller (804) Controlling the second lighting component (12) to emit light or stopping lighting according to the received control signal (ie, a trigger signal); the voltage comparator (802) is further configured to trigger the auxiliary voltage generator (801) according to the detection result.
  • the working state, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) determines an output forward voltage or a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received control signal (ie, a trigger signal) and is applied to the fourth cathode of the electron generator (2201) (16) is between the fifth anode (17).
  • the photoelectric effect is used to cause the photocathode material layer (4) to escape electrons, and at the same time, by generating an auxiliary voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the escaped electrons can be smoothly moved to the a fifth anode (17); the photo-cathode material is blocked by a reverse cut-off voltage generated between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) by the auxiliary voltage controller (801) during standby. Layer (4) escapes electrons.
  • Embodiment 20 A schematic diagram of a circuit for providing static charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker by using the net charge generating device (YJ003) described in Embodiment 19, as shown in FIG. 23, comprising: a net charge generating device (YJ003), an audio transformer (101) , two fixed plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), The potential detecting signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) 200 ⁇ 300 times later is applied to the fixed plate (103).
  • the amount of static electricity is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input terminal (121), the voltage comparator (802) a trigger signal is then sent to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the second lighting component (12) according to the received control signal Illuminating while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage based on the received control signal and is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the electron
  • the generator (2201) starts to operate and emits electrons, and the fourth cathode (16) carries a positive charge due to the escape of electrons, and the positive charge is transported to the diaphragm of the electrostatic speaker through the charge output terminal (120) (903); if the amount of static electricity on the diaphragm (903) increases to a preset normal
  • the power comparator (802)
  • the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in power again through the potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), and the voltage comparator (802) A trigger signal is then sent to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), and the process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) for the next time begins until the first conductive of the diaphragm (903) The amount of static electricity on the layer is increased again to the preset normal working power range.
  • the diaphragm (903) ends the process of supplementary charge again; the present embodiment, the electrostatic speaker diaphragm (903) with a positive electrostatic charge.
  • Embodiment 21 The connection mode of the electron generator (2201) in the net charge generating device (YJ003) shown in Fig. 23 is slightly changed to form a net charge generating device as shown in Fig. 24, and the number is (YJ004).
  • the method includes an electronic generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), and a light source controller (804); a control signal output terminal of the voltage comparator (802) (used in FIG. 24) a, b shown) simultaneously with the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801) signal input (FIG.
  • b 1 represents ( remains electrically connected to the light source controller
  • the voltage output of (804) is electrically coupled to a power interface of the second lighting component (12), and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can generate a constant voltage in both forward and reverse directions (only a few volts is needed)
  • the output voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator (2201); from the fifth anode (17) of the electron generator (2201)
  • the wire leads a terminal as a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device, and a terminal is taken from the voltage comparator (802) as a wire
  • the potential detection signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device; the battery (1701) in FIG. 24 provides suitable operation to the light source controller (804), the auxiliary voltage generator (801), and the voltage comparator (802). Voltage.
  • Embodiment 22 A circuit for providing an electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using a net charge generating device (YJ004) is as shown in FIG. 25, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ004), an audio transformer (101), and two fixed plates.
  • the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ004) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), the net charge generating device (
  • the potential detection signal input terminal (121) of YJ004) is electrically connected to the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), and the audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) by 200 to 300 times and then applied to the fixed On the plate (103); working process: as shown in Fig.
  • the diaphragm is induced due to induction (903)
  • the amount of static electricity on the second conductive layer is also correspondingly reduced, and the voltage comparator (802) detects the change in the amount of electricity through the potential detecting signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value)
  • the voltage comparator (802) then issues a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controlling the second light emitting part (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates according to the received control signal
  • a positive auxiliary voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the electron generator (2201) starts to operate and emits electrons, and the fifth anode (17) is Obtaining electrons with a negative charge, the negative charge being delivered to the diaphragm
  • the end (121) detects this change in power again (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), and the voltage comparator (802) then issues a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source control. (804), the next process of replenishing the diaphragm (903) with charge begins until the amount of static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset normal operating power range, The process of replenishing the charge of the diaphragm (903) ends again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker in this embodiment has a negative electrostatic charge.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种净电荷发生装置以及用于所述净电荷发生装置的一种电子发生器，同时还提供了一种用于静电扬声器中的振膜。在现有技术中，静电扬声器振膜所需的静电荷都是通过高压直流电源注入的，而高压直流电源体积较大，使得静电扬声器不适合在便携式电子设备上使用，是静电扬声器的一个缺点。本发明提供了一种净电荷发生装置以替代现有技术静电扬声器中的高压直流电源，这种净电荷发生装置结构简单、便于小型化，使得由此设计的静电扬声器的体积大大减小，可以满移动便携式设备中对静电扬声器小型化、轻薄化的使用要求。

Description

一种电子发生器、一种净电荷发生装置及一种静电扬声器 技术领域：
本发明涉及声像技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电子发生器、一种净电荷发生装置及一种静电扬声器。
背景技术：
从上世纪二十年代开始就出现了各种发声方式的扬声器，其中动圈式扬声器(靠磁场力驱动)和静电扬声器(靠静电力驱动)成为音响工程师主要考虑的两个发展方向。由于技术、工艺和成本的考虑，工业界选择了动圈式扬声器，这种扬声器结构简单、效率高，基本可以满足当时音响系统对扬声器的指标要求，一直是市场的主流产品。
随着数字技术用于音源设备和高保真音频放大器的出现，目前广泛使用的动圈式扬声器由于失真较大(约3％)已难以跟上音响技术的发展，已成为音响重放系统的瓶颈，动圈式扬声器无法再现高保真数字音频信号(失真≤0.02％)的声音信息。
为了还原高保真数字音频信号的声音信息，可采用静电扬声器，其原理如图1所示，输入音频信号通过音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到两个固定极板(103)上，使两固定极板(103)间产生随音频信号电压变化的电场，高压直流电源(104)给振膜(102)注入静电荷，振膜(102)受电场力的作用振动产生声音。
静电扬声器的振膜(102)是在很薄的聚酯薄膜(只有几微米)上喷涂一薄层高阻抗导电材料制成的，由于振膜(102)很薄(只有几微米)、很轻(其质量只有动圈式扬声器振动系统的几百分之一)，故瞬态特性好，跟随音频信号的能力很强，故解析力极其优秀，可以分辨音乐的细节；静电扬声器的理论失真很小(失真≤0.05％)，如英国的QUAD公司ESL-2905豪华版静电扬声器音响在1000Hz以上，失真≤0.15％；低频段(500Hz以下)失真稍大，在0.5％～1％之间。
静电扬声器在中、高频段表现极佳，但在低频段(500Hz以下)还无法和动圈式扬声器想媲美。因为在低频段需要振动较慢、但振幅较大的振动，而静电扬声器的两个固定极板间的距离在现有技术条件下还做不到太大，如果增大两固定极板间的距离，则效率会急剧下降，所以比较有效的办法是中、高频段用静电扬声器，低频段用传统的动圈式扬声器，如美国MARTIN LOGAN公司的产品就是采用这种办法。这种组合式音响系统的问题是低频和中、高频很难做到无缝衔接，因为锥盆质量相对较大(和静电扬声器的振膜相比)，跟随音频信号的能力较差，而静电扬声器的振膜非常轻，瞬态特性好，几乎和音频信号同步变化，故两者所表现的音乐品质差别还是比较明显的。
如果要在全频段都采用静电扬声器，就需要将振膜做到很大的面积，如美国天域Sound Lab公司的旗舰产品，整个振膜宽107cm、高206cm，放在客厅里就像两块门板。
静电扬声器的优点：振膜质量极轻，因而瞬态特性好，解析力极佳，对中、高频信号的表现力极其优 异，能捕捉音乐信号中极为细微的变化，声音自然，有临场感。
静电扬声器的缺点：需要极化电压，一般为2500～3500V，由高压直流电源提供，而高压直流电源体积较大，普遍在12cm×8cm×2cm以上，使得静电扬声器无法在移动便携式设备中使用。
本发明的技术方案可以解决静电扬声器存在高压直流电源的缺陷。
发明内容：
为解决现有技术中静电扬声器存在高压直流电源的缺陷，本发明提供了一种净电荷发生装置以替代高压直流电源，同时还提供了所述净电荷发生装置中的一个重要组件：电子发生器；为便于应用所述的净电荷发生装置，本发明还提供了一种用于静电扬声器的振膜。
本发明提供的一种用于静电扬声器的振膜，编号为(903)，如图9所示：中间是绝缘材料层，在所述绝缘材料层的两面分别涂覆一薄层(约几微米)高阻抗导电材料和一薄层(约几微米)低阻抗导电材料，所述高阻抗导电材料的面电阻在10 6～10 12Ω之间，所述低阻抗导电材料的面电阻在0～10 6Ω之间，为便于叙述问题，将涂覆有高阻抗导电材料的一面记为第一导电层，将涂覆有低阻抗导电材料的一面记为第二导电层。
本发明提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(803)，如图7所示，包括：第一发光部件(2)、凸透镜(3)、具有导电性且透明的第一阳极(1)、具有导电性的第一阴极(5)、具有导电性的第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第一阳极(1)是在所述凸透镜(3)正对所述第一阴极(5)一侧的表面上沉积一薄层(约零点几毫米)透明导电薄膜制成的；在所述第一阴极(5)正对所述第一阳极(1)一侧的凹面上覆有较薄的(约几微米厚)光电阴极材料层(4)，所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一阴极(5)之间有供电子移动的间隙；当所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光经所述凸透镜(3)会聚并透过所述第一阳极(1)后照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上时，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，逸出的光电子越过所述间隙漂移到所述第一阳极(1)，为增强所述电子发生器(803)的工作效果，所述电子发生器(803)还设置了所述第一辅助电极(6)，在所述电子发生器(803)需要发射电子时，在所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间施加正向辅助电压以促使所产生的光电子顺利移动到所述第一阳极(1)，当所述电子发生器(803)不需要发射电子时(待机模式)，在所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间施加反向截止电压以阻止所述光电阴极材料层(4)逸出光电子。
本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(J001)，如图8所示，包括：电子发生器(803)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图8中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图8中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第一发光部件(2)的电源接口保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可提供正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，从所述电子发生 器(803)的第一阴极(5)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；当所述电压比较器(802)从所述电位检测信号输入端(121)获得电位信息时便发出触发信号(即控制信号)同时传输给所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的触发信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光或停止发光，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的触发信号产生正向辅助电压或反向截止电压并加到所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间；图8中电源(805)给所述光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
本发明提供的一种利用所述净电荷发生装置(J001)给静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷的电路如图9所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(J001)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电荷输出端(120)与振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接；输入音频信号通过所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述两个固定极板(103)上；若所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到振膜(903)的静电量降低至预设的正常工作电量范围以下(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间，所述电子发生器(803)开始工作并发射电子，所述第一阴极(5)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(803)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束。
现有技术中是用高压直流电源给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的，其尺寸一般在12cm×8cm×2cm以上，产生2800V～5000V的直流电压。如此大的尺寸使得静电扬声器的使用场合受到限制，无法在移动便携式设备中使用。与现有技术相比，本发明提供的净电荷发生装置结构简单、体积可以做到更小，如图8所示的净电荷发生装置(J001)是使用在有固定电源(交流220V市电电源)的静电扬声器中的一个例子，其中电子发生器(803)可以做到3cm 3～5cm 3之间，其静电电压可以很容易达到10 000V以上。
在有固定电源(交流220V市电电源)的情况下，本发明提供的净电荷发生装置比现有技术静电扬声器采用的高压直流电源尺寸约减小到原来的
Figure PCTCN2019000101-appb-000001
在不需改变装置尺寸的情况下，可以很容易提升静电电压， 容易做到10 000V以上，但优势不是特别明显，因为在这种情况下现有技术中采用高压直流电源的劣势不是很明显，此时的静电扬声器本身体积较大，可以留给高压直流电源足够的空间。但是在移动便携式设备中，现有技术静电扬声器中所采用的高压直流电源显然无法满足要求，此时本发明提供的净电荷发生装置优势较为突显。
在移动便携式设备中，由于所需功率相对较小，图7所示的电子发生器(803)中各个元件的形状、尺寸和性能参数可以进一步优化设计，以满足移动便携式设备对小尺寸、轻薄化的要求。其中电子发生器(803)中的第一发光部件(2)、第一阳极(1)、第一阴极(5)和第一辅助电极(6)均可设计成薄板状并省去电子发生器(803)中的凸透镜(3)，形成如图16和图21所示的两种适用于移动便携式设备的电子发生器。
如图16所示的是本发明提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(1702)，包括：第二发光部件(12)、具有导电性且透明的第二阳极(13)、具有导电性的第二阴极(11)、具有导电性的第二辅助电极(15)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二发光部件(12)、所述第二阳极(13)、所述第二阴极(11)和所述第二辅助电极(15)均做成薄的板状(约零点几毫米厚)以适应移动便携式设备对小型化和轻薄化的需求特点，所述第二阴极(11)靠近所述第二阳极(13)的一面上设有光电阴极材料层(4)，所述电子发生器(1702)的工作过程参见下面所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ001)。
本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(YJ001)，如图17所示，包括：电子发生器(1702)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图17中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图17中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可提供正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)；所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述第二阳极(13)照射到所述第二阴极(11)表面上的光电阴极材料层(4)上，同时在所述第二阳极(13)与所述第二辅助电极(15)之间施加正向辅助电压，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，所逸出的光电子在所述正向辅助电压产生的电场作用下迅速漂移至所述第二阳极(13)；当所述电子发生器(1702)待机时，所述第二发光部件(12)不发光而且在所述第二阳极(13)与所述第二辅助电极(15)之间施加反向截止电压以阻止所述光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子。
本发明提供的一种利用净电荷发生装置(YJ001)给静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷的电路如图18所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ001)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接；输入音频信号通过所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述的两个固定极板(103)上。若所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到振膜(903)的静电量降低至预设的正常 工作电量范围以下(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压至所述第二阳极(13)与所述第二辅助电极(15)之间，所述电子发生器(1702)开始工作并发射电子，所述第二阴极(11)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(803)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束。
如图21所示的是本发明提供的另一种用于移动便携式设备中的电子发生器，编号为(2201)，包括：第二发光部件(12)、透明绝缘材料层(18)、具有导电性且透明的第四阴极(16)、具有导电性的第五阳极(17)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第四阴极(16)和所述第五阳极(17)也做成薄的板状(约零点几毫米)以适应移动便携式设备对小型化和轻薄化的需求特点，所述第四阴极(16)在靠近所述第五阳极(17)的一面上设有光电阴极材料(4)，所述电子发生器(2201)的工作过程参见下面所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ003)。
本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(YJ003)，如图22所示，包括：电子发生器(2201)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)、电容器(1203)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图22中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图22中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可提供正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，其输出的电压加至所述电子发生器(2201)的第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间；从所述电子发生器(2201)的第四阴极(16)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述透明绝缘材料层(18)和所述第四阴极(16)照射到所述第四阴极(16)表面上的光电阴极材料层(4)，同时在所述第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间施加正向辅助电压，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，所逸出的光电子在所述正向辅助电压产生的电场作用下顺利漂移至所述第五阳极(17)；当所述电子发生器(2201)待机时，所述第二发光部件(12)不发光而且在所述第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间施加反向截止电压以阻止所述光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子。
本发明提供的一种利用净电荷发生装置(YJ003)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路如图23所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ003)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生 装置(YJ003)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，输入音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上；若所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到振膜(903)的静电量降低至预设的正常工作电量范围以下(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间，所述电子发生器(2201)开始工作并发射电子，所述第四阴极(16)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(2201)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束。
净电荷发生装置(YJ001)和净电荷发生装置(YJ003)中的电压比较器(802)、辅助电压控制器(801)和光源控制器(804)所需的工作电压均只有几伏，故可采用集成电路工艺将所述的电压比较器(802)、辅助电压控制器(801)和光源控制器(804)等三个器件集成在一块约12mm×12mm×3.5mm的芯片上，又由于图16所示的电子发生器(1702)和图21所示的电子发生器(2201)也可以做到约15mm×15mm×3.5mm的尺寸，故所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ001)和净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的尺寸就可以做到足够小，以满足移动便携式设备对静电扬声器小型化、轻薄化的需求；而在现有技术静电扬声器中采用的高压直流电压，尺寸普遍在12cm×8cm×2cm以上，使得现有技术静电扬声器无法使用在移动便携式设备中。
以上是本发明提供的电子发生器和净电荷发生器装置的几种基本实施方案和应用，其它实施方案详见本说明书实施例部分；本发明提供的电子发生器和净电荷发生器装置不仅仅可以使用在静电扬声器中，还可以使用在其它任何需要净电荷的场合。
附图说明：
图1是现有技术中静电扬声器的原理图；
图2和图3是本发明提供的电子发生器(803)中第一阴极⑤的结构图；
图4是电子发生器(803)中表面覆有第一光电阴极材料层(4)的第一阴极(5)的结构图；
图5是第一发光部件(2)的正视图；
图6是本发明提供的电子发生器(803)的结构示意图[未画出绝缘密封外壳(7)]；
图7是本发明提供的电子发生器(803)从侧面看到的剖视图，也是实施例1的示意图；
图8是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(J001)的示意图，也是实施例2的示意图；
图9是实施例3的示意图；
图10是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(J002)的示意图，也是实施例4和实施例5的示意图；
图11是实施例6的示意图；
图12是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(J003)的示意图，也是实施例7和实施例8的示意图；
图13是实施例9的示意图；
图14是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(J004)的示意图，也是实施例10和实施例11的示意图；
图15是实施例12的示意图；
图16是本发明提供的电子发生器(1702)的示意图，也是实施例13的示意图；
图17是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的示意图，也是实施例14的示意图；
图18是实施例15的示意图；
图19是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(YJ002)的示意图，也是实施例16的示意图；
图20是实施例17的示意图；
图21是本发明提供的电子发生器(2201)从侧面看到的剖视图，也是实施例18的示意图；
图22是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的示意图，也是实施例19的示意图；
图23是实施例20的示意图；
图24是本发明提供的净电荷发生装置(YJ004)的示意图，也是实施例21的示意图；
图25是实施例22的示意图；
附图中各元件的名称及功能：
音频变压器(101)：对音频信号进行升压；
振膜(102)：现有技术中静电扬声器的振膜，通过在薄(只有几微米厚)而轻(只相当于同等面积几毫米厚空气的质量)的聚酯薄膜上蒸镀一薄层(约几微米厚)高阻抗导电材料制成；
固定极板(103)：音频信号经过音频变压器(101)放大200至300倍后加到此固定极板上；
高压直流电源(104)：产生直流高压，给振膜(102)注入静电荷；
振膜(903)：本发明技术方案中提供的振膜，中间是绝缘层，在所述绝缘层的某一个面上覆涂一薄层(约几微米厚)高阻抗材料，所述高阻抗材料的面电阻在10 6～10 12Ω之间，记为第一导电层；在所述绝缘层的另一个面上覆涂一薄层(约几微米厚)低阻抗材料，所述低阻抗材料的面电阻在0～10 6Ω之间，记为第二导电层；
电源(805)：为辅助电压发生器(801)、电压比较器(802)、光源控制器(804)等有源器件提供合适的工作电压；
电子发生器(803)：由第一发光部件(2)、凸透镜(3)、第一阳极(1)、第一阴极(5)、第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)组成；用虚线框起来的部分表示，内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)；
第一阳极(1)：在光学凸透镜的一个侧面上覆上一层透明导电薄膜制成，所述透明导电薄膜正对第一光电阴极材料层(4)；
第一阴极(5)：为中间比边缘薄、两侧面中央区域均为凹面的圆盘状导体，表面呈光滑的曲面，正对所述第一阳极(1)一侧的凹面上覆有一层较薄的(约几微米厚)的第一光电阴极材料层(4)；
光电阴极材料层(4)：可用砷化镓GaAs、锑化铯CsSb或多碱锑化物锑钾钠铯NaKSbCs等材料制作，通过真空蒸镀、溅射或晶体外延生长等方法在阴极⑤靠近阳极①这一侧的凹表面上覆盖一薄层(厚度约几微米)此光电阴极材料；
第一发光部件(2)：发光可以使第一阴极(5)产生光电子；
凸透镜(3)：将第一发光部件(2)发出的光会聚后照射到光电阴极材料层(4)所在的区域；
第一辅助电极(6)：与第一阳极(1)正对放置，中间隔着第一阴极(5)且与第一阴极(5)保持电绝缘，做成曲面，凸出的一面朝向第一阳极(1)；
绝缘密封外壳(7)：由绝缘材料制作，具有足够的机械强度；
辅助电压发生器(801)：属于有源器件，可产生正向电压和反向截止电压(只需几伏即可)，其工作状态由电压比较器(802)所发出的触发信号控制；工作时产生正向电压，使电子发生器(803)产生的光电子移向第一阳极(1)，等待(即默认状态)时产生反向电压，防止光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子；
电压比较器(802)：属于有源器件，若振膜(903)的第一导电层所带静电量在正常范围内，电压比较器(802)处于待机状态，此时辅助电压发生器(801)处于等待状态，产生反向截止电压；若由于漏电(如空气潮湿、电离等原因引发)使振膜(903)第一导电材料层的静电量低于所设定的最小值，则电压比较器(802)输出触发信号同时传输至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)，此时辅助电压发生器(801)受触发而产生正向电压，同时第一发光部件(2)发光，电子发生器〖803〗发射电子，使振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量增加；
光源控制器(804)：属于有源器件，其工作状态由电压比较器(802)所发出的触发信号控制，控制第一发光部件(2)发光或熄灭；
电子发生器(1202)：如图12所示，由第二阴极(8)、第二阳极(19)和绝缘密封外壳(7)构成，用虚线框起来的部分表示，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)；
第二阴极(8)：采用熔点较高的金属用特殊工艺做成尖端状，一般用金属钨或六硼化镧(LaB 6)采用热电子发射或场致电子发射；
第二阳极(19)：由板状导体制作；
电子发生器(1401)：如图14所示，由第二阴极(8)、第三阳极(9)、第二辅助电极(10)和绝缘密封外壳(7)构成，用虚线框起来的部分表示，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)；
第三阳极(9)：由中间比边缘薄、表面呈光滑曲面的导体构成；
第二发光部件(12)：为适应移动便携式设备的需要，将所述第二发光部件(12)做成较薄(约0.3mm至1mm左右)的板状光源；
第四阳极(13)：为适应移动便携式设备的需要，将所述第四阳极(13)做成较薄(约零点几毫米)的板状，将所述第四阳极(13)是通过在较薄(约零点几毫米)的透明材料上沉积一薄层(约几微米至零点几毫米)透明导电薄膜制成；
第三阴极(11)：为适应移动便携式设备的需要，将所述第三阴极(11)做成较薄(约零点几毫米)的板状，是通过在较薄(约零点几毫米)的板状导体上沉积一薄层(约几微米厚)光电阴极材料(4)制成；
第二辅助电极
Figure PCTCN2019000101-appb-000002
为适应移动便携式设备的需要，将所述第二辅助电极
Figure PCTCN2019000101-appb-000003
做成较薄(约零点几毫米)的板状；
透明绝缘材料层
Figure PCTCN2019000101-appb-000004
作为透明导电阴极
Figure PCTCN2019000101-appb-000005
的衬底；
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图用具体实施例来说明本发明技术方案的实现方法：
实施例1：本发明提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(803)，如图7所示，包括：第一发光部件(2)、凸透镜(3)、具有导电性且透明的第一阳极(1)、具有导电性的第一阴极(5)、具有导电性的第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第一阳极(1)是在所述凸透镜(3)正对所述第一阴极(5)一侧的表面上沉积一薄层(约零点几毫米)透明导电薄膜制成的；所述第一阴极(5)为中间比边缘薄、两侧面中央区域均为凹面的圆盘状导体，所述第一阴极(5)的表面呈光滑的曲面，所述第一阴极(5)正对所述第一阳极(1)一侧的凹面上覆有较薄的(约几微米厚)光电阴极材料层(4)；所述光电阴极材料层(4)可采用多碱锑化物如：锑化铯(CsSb)或锑钠钾铯(CsNaKSb)制作，所述第一阳极(1)与所述光电阴极材料层(4)之间有供电子移动的间隙(约零点几毫米至几毫米，约0.1～4毫米之间)；所述第一辅助电极(6)做成有凸起的曲面结构且所述凸起的一面与所述第一阳极(1)凸起的一面正对放置并分居于所述第一阴极(5)的两侧，所述第一辅助电极(6)与所述第一阴极(5)保持电绝缘；所述第一发光部件(2)用普通发光二极管制作即可，将其位置设置于所述凸透镜(3)的焦点外侧附近，使所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光经所述凸透镜(3)会聚并透过所述第一阳极(1)后其光斑恰好覆盖所述光电阴极材料层(4)所在的区域；以上所述的第一发光部件(2)、所述凸透镜(3)、所述第一阳极(1)、所述第一阴极(5)和所述第一辅助电极(6)均被固定于绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)，图6是所述电子发生器(803)的立体结构示意图[图6中未画出绝缘密封外壳(7)]。
实施例1中电子发生器(803)的可替代方案一：将所述第一发光部件(2)设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)之外，同时在所述绝缘密封外壳(7)相应位置设一透明光窗，使所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光透过所 述透明光窗、所述凸透镜(3)、所述第一阳极(1)后照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上。
实施例1中电子发生器(803)的可替代方案二：将实施例1中电子发生器(803)中的凸透镜(3)去掉，同时将所述第一发光部件(2)替换成面光源并紧靠所述第一阳极(1)。
实施例2：本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为〖J001〗，如图8所示，包括：电子发生器(803)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图8中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图8中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与第一发光部件(2)的电源接口保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可提供正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，其输出的电压加在所述电子发生器(803)的第一阳极(1)和所述第一辅助电极(6)之间；从所述电子发生器(803)的第一阴极(5)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光经所述凸透镜(3)会聚并透过所述第一阳极(1)后其光斑恰好覆盖所述光电阴极材料层(4)所在的区域，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，同时在所述第一阳极(1)和第一辅助电极(6)之间施加正向辅助电压，此电压所形成的电场会促使所述的光电子顺利移动到所述第一阳极(1)；图8中电源(805)给所述光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
实施例3：利用实施例2所述的净电荷发生装置(J001)给静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷的电路如图9所示；所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(J001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接。工作过程：如图9，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间，所述电子发生器(803)开始工作并发射电子，所述第一阴极(5)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(803)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振 膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带正的静电荷。
从上述工作过程可以发现，给振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程是不连续的，只有当所述振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减少到所设定的阈值时，净电荷发生装置(J001)才开始工作，否则就处于待命状态，这样就可“适时适量”地给振膜(903)补充所需的静电荷，可使所述振膜(903)的静电量保持相对稳定。
实施例4：本发明提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(1003)，如图10中虚线框起来的部分，包括：第一发光部件(2)、凸透镜(3)、具有导电性且透明的第一阳极(1)、具有导电性的第一阴极(5)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第一阳极(1)是在所述凸透镜(3)靠近所述第一阴极(5)一侧的表面上沉积一薄层(约零点几毫米)透明导电薄膜制成的，且所述第一阳极(1)接地；所述第一阴极(5)为中间比边缘薄、两侧面的中央区域均为凹面的圆盘状导体，其表面呈光滑的曲面，所述第一阴极(5)靠近第一阳极(1)一侧的凹面上覆有较薄的(约几微米厚)的光电阴极材料层(4)；所述光电阴极材料层(4)可采用多碱锑化物如：锑化铯(CsSb)或锑钠钾铯(CsNaKSb)等材料制作，所述第一阳极(1)与所述光电阴极材料层(4)之间有供电子移动的间隙(约零点几毫米至几毫米，一般在0.1～4毫米之间)；所述第一发光部件(2)、所述凸透镜(3)、所述第一阳极(1)和所述第一阴极(5)均被固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)，当所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光透过所述凸透镜(3)和所述第一阳极(1)照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上时，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，逸出的光电子经过所述间隙移动到所述第一阳极(1)。
实施例5：本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(J002)，如图10所示，包括：电子发生器(1003)、电压比较器(802)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端(图10中用a、b表示)与所述光源控制器(804)的信号输入端(图10中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的输出端与所述第一发光部件(2)的电源接口保持电连接，从所述电子发生器(1003)的第一阴极(5)用导线引出一个端子作为净电荷输出端(120)，从电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为电位检测信号输入端(121)，图10中电源(805)为所述电压比较器(802)和光源控制器(804)提供合适的工作电压。
本例是利用光电效应使所述第一阴极(5)上的光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子，凸透镜(3)可使第一发光部件(2)发出的光被会聚照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上，既节约电能，又可防止光照射到不需要的部位，从而降低整个电子发生器(1003)的工作温度；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位 检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位信息，并根据检测结果控制所述光源控制器(804)工作或待机，所述光源控制器(804)根据所接收到的控制信号(即电压比较器(802)发出的触发信号)控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光或停止发光。
实施例6：利用实施例5所述的净电荷发生装置(J002)可以给静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷，如图11所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(J002)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上。工作过程：如图11，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光，所述电子发生器(803)开始工作并发射电子，所述第一阴极(5)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(803)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带正的静电荷。
实施例7：本发明还提供了一种电子发生器，编号为(1202)，如图12中虚线框起来的部分所示，包括：具有导电性的第二阴极(8)、具有导电性的第二阳极(19)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二阴极(8)用高熔点的金属做成有尖端状的结构，所述第二阴极(8)的尖端部分与所述第二阳极(19)之间留有一较小的间隙(约零点几毫米)；所述第二阴极(8)和所述第二阳极(19)均被固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)，在所述第二阴极(8)和所述第二阳极(19)之间加一定电压时(约1000V)，所述第二阴极(8)的尖端可发射电子，所发射的电子越过所述间隙到达所述第二阳极(19)。
本例可替代方案：图12中的第二阴极(8)还可采用热电子发射或场致电子发射与热电子发射同时存 在的电子发射方式。
本例可替代方案：图12中的第二阴极(8)也可做成由多个尖端组成的尖端阵列，也可做成刀刃状。
实施例8：本发明还提供了一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(J003)，如图12所示，包括：电子发生器(1202)、电压比较器(802)、脉冲电压发生器(1202)和电容器(1203)；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端(图12中用a、b表示)与所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的信号输入端(图12中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)输出的脉冲电压(峰值约1000V)通过所述电容器(1203)加至所述第二阴极(8)和第二阳极(19)之间，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)可输出正向脉冲电压(峰值约1000伏)和反向截止电压(约几伏至十几伏)；从所述电子发生器(1202)的第二阳极(19)用导线引出一个端子作为净电荷输出端(120)，从电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为电位检测信号输入端(121)，图12中电源(805)给所述电压比较器(802)和所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)提供合适的工作电压。
实施例9：利用实施例8所述的净电荷发生装置(J003)给静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷的电路如图13所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(J003)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(J003)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(J003)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)放大200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上。工作过程：如图13，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号发出正向脉冲电压并加在所述第二阴极(8)和第二阳极(19)之间，所述电子发生器(1202)开始工作并发射电子，所述第二阳极(19)由于获得电子而带上负电荷，所述负电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号产生反向截止电压并加在所述第二阴极(8)和第二阳极(19)之间，所述电子发生器(1202)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，则下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正 常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带负的静电荷。
实施例10：本发明还提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(1401)，如图14中(1401)所指示的部分，包括：具有导电性的第二阴极(8)、具有导电性的第三阳极(9)、具有导电性的第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二阴极(8)用高熔点的金属做成有尖端状的结构，所述第三阳极(9)是中间比边缘薄、表面呈光滑曲面的导体，所述第二阴极(8)的尖端部分与所述第三阳极(9)之间有供电子移动的间隙(约零点几毫米)，所述第一辅助电极(6)靠近所述第三阳极(9)的一侧做成凸面的结构，所述第二阴极(8)和所述第一辅助电极(6)分别位于所述第三阳极(9)的两侧，所述第一辅助电极(6)与所述第三阳极(9)保持电绝缘，所述第二阴极(8)、所述第一辅助电极(6)和所述第三阳极(9)均被固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)。
本例是利用强电场使第二阴极(8)的尖端发射电子，当所述第二阴极(8)的尖端与所述第三阳极(9)之间的距离在0.5mm以下、所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部的真空度达到约10 -2Pa时，在所述第二阴极(8)和所述第一辅助电极(6)之间加约1000V的电压(具体电压的高低与电极间距离和绝缘密封外壳⑦内的真空度有关)即可使所述第二阴极(8)的尖端发射电子，所发射的电子越过所述间隙到达所述第三阳极(9)。
本例可替代方案：图14中的第二阴极(8)还可采用热电子发射或场致电子发射与热电子发射同时存在的电子发射方式。
实施例11：本发明还提供了一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(J004)，如图14所示，包括：电子发生器(1401)、电压比较器(802)和脉冲电压发生器(1201)；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端(图14中用a、b表示)与所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的信号输入端(图14中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)输出的脉冲电压加在所述第二阴极(8)和第一辅助电极(6)之间，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)可输出峰值约1000伏的脉冲电压和反向截止电压(约几伏至十几伏)；从所述电子发生器(1401)的第三阳极(9)用导线引出一个端子作为净电荷输出端(120)，从电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为电位检测信号输入端(121)，图14中电源(805)为所述电压比较器(802)和所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)提供合适的工作电压。
实施例12：利用实施例11所述的净电荷发生装置(J004)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路如图15所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(J004)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(J004)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(J004)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上。工作过程：如图15，若振 膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号发出正向脉冲电压并加在所述第二阴极(8)和第一辅助电极(6)之间，所述电子发生器(1401)开始工作并发射电子，所述第三阳极(9)由于获得电子而带上负电荷，所述负电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号发出反向截止电压并加在所述第二阴极(8)和第三阳极(9)之间，所述电子发生器(1401)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)，则下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带负的静电荷。
本发明提供的从实施例1至实施例12所述的电子发生器、净电荷发生装置或静电扬声器均适用于有固定电源(220V市电交流电源)的场合，以下所述的实施例13至实施例22所给出的电子发生器、净电荷发生装置或静电扬声器均适用于移动便携式设备中。
实施例13：本发明提供的一种电子发生器，编号为(1702)，如图16所示，包括：第二发光部件(12)、具有导电性且透明的第四阳极(13)、具有导电性的第三阴极(11)、具有导电性的第二辅助电极(15)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二发光部件(12)做成薄的板状(约零点几毫米)，所述第四阳极(13)是在薄板状透明绝缘材料(约零点几毫米)的表面沉积一薄层透明导电薄膜(约零点几毫米)制成，所述第三阴极(11)是在一很薄的板状导体(约零点几毫米)表面沉积一薄层(约几微米厚)光电阴极材料层(4)制成的，所述第四阳极(13)与所述光电阴极材料层(4)之间有供电子移动的间隙(约零点几毫米)，所述第二辅助电极(15)用薄的板状导体(约零点几毫米)制作，所述第二发光部件(12)、所述第四阳极(13)、所述第三阴极(11)和所述第二辅助电极(15)均被固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约为10 -2Pa)。所述第二发光元件(12)发出的光透过所述第四阳极(13)照射到光电阴极材料层(4)上，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，逸出的光电子经过所述间隙漂移至所述第四阳极(13)；上述所述的第二发光部件(12)、所述第四阳极(13)、所 述第三阴极(11)和所述第二辅助电极(15)制作得要尽量薄，在现有工艺技术条件下，图16所示的电子发生器(1702)的尺寸压缩至15mm×15mm×3.5mm以下是可以实现的；图16所示的是电子发生器(1702)的剖视图。
实施例14：本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置，编号为(YJ001)，如图17所示，包括：电子发生器(1702)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图17中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图17中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接；所述辅助电压发生器(801)可产生正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，此电压加在所述电子发生器(1702)的第四阳极(13)和第二辅助电极(15)之间；从所述电子发生器(1702)的第三阴极(11)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；图17中电池(1701)给所述光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
实施例15：利用实施例14所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ001)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路如图18所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ001)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(YJ001)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上；工作过程：如图18，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第四阳极(13)与所述第二辅助电极(15)之间，所述电子发生器(1702)开始工作并发射电子，所述第三阴极(11)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(1702)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量 变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带正的静电荷。
实施例16：将图17中的电子发生器(1702)中的第二辅助电极(15)去掉，同时将第四阳极(13)接地，就形成如图19所示的电子发生器，编号为(1902)，由所述电子发生器(1902)配合其它部件构成的净电荷发生装置，编号为(YJ002)，如图19所示，包括：电子发生器(1902)、电压比较器(802)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图19中用a、b表示)与所述光源控制器(804)的信号输入端(图19中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接；从所述电子发生器(1902)的第三阴极(11)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ002)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ002)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；图19中电池(1701)给所述光源控制器(804)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
电子发生器(1902)的可替代方案：可将所述第二发光部件(12)移到所述绝缘密封外壳(7)外部，同时在所述绝缘密封外壳(7)上相应位置留出透明光窗，使所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光经所述透明光窗照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上。
实施例17：利用实施例16所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ002)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路如图20所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ002)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ002)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(YJ002)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，输入音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上。工作过程：如图20，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光，所述电子发生器(1902)开始工作并发射电子，所述第三阴极(11)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(1902)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振 膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带正的静电荷。
实施例18：本发明提供的一种采用透射式设计的电子发生器，编号为(2201)，如图21所示，包括：第二发光部件(12)、透明绝缘材料层(18)、具有导电性且透明的第四阴极(16)、具有导电性的第五阳极(17)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二发光部件(12)做成薄板状(约零点几毫米厚)，所述第四阴极(16)是在薄板状透明绝缘材料表面沉积一薄层(约零点几毫米厚)透明导电薄膜，再在所述透明导电薄膜上沉积一薄层(约几微米厚)光电阴极材料层(4)制成的，所述第五阳极(17)用薄板状导体(约零点几毫米厚)制作，所述第五阳极(17)与所述光电阴极材料层(4)之间有供电子移动的间隙(约零点几毫米宽)，所述第二发光部件(12)、第四阴极(16)和第五阳极(17)均固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内部抽成真空(真空度约10 -2Pa)；所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述透明绝缘材料层(18)和所述第四阴极(16)照射到所述光电阴极材料层(4)上，所述光电阴极材料层(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，逸出的光电子经过所述间隙漂移至所述第五阳极(17)；所述第二发光部件(12)、所述第五阳极(17)和所述第四阴极(16)制作得要尽量薄，在现有工艺技术条件下，图21所示的电子发生器尺寸压缩至15mm×15mm×3.5mm以下是可以实现的；图21所示的是电子发生器的剖视图。
电子发生器(2201)的可替代方案：可将第二发光部件(12)移到绝缘密封外壳外部，同时在所述绝缘密封外壳(7)相应位置上留出透明光窗，使所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述透明光窗和所述第四阴极(16)照射到光电阴极材料层(4)上。
实施例19：由图21所示的电子发生器(2201)配合其它部件构成了本发明提供的一种净电荷发生装置(YJ003)，如图22所示，包括：电子发生器(2201)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)、电容器(1203)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图22中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图22中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可提供正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，其输出的电压加在所述电子发生器(2201)的第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间；从所述电子发生器(2201)的第四阴极(16)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电位检测信号输入端(121)；图22中电池(1701)给所述光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果控制所述光源控制器(804)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号(即触发信号)控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光或停止发光；所述电压比较器(802)还用于根据检测结果触发所述辅助电压发生器(801)的工作状态，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据所接收到的控制信号(即触发信号)确定输出正向电压或反向截止电压并加在所述电子发生器(2201)的第四阴极(16)与第五阳极(17)之间。
本例是利用光电效应使光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子，同时通过在所述第五阳极(17)与第四阴极(16)间产生辅助电压使逸出的电子可顺利移动到所述第五阳极(17)；待机时利用所述辅助电压控制器(801)在所述第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)间产生的反向截止电压，阻止所述光电阴极材料层(4)逸出电子。
实施例20：利用实施例19所述的净电荷发生装置(YJ003)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路示意图如图23所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ003)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(YJ003)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，输入音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上。工作过程：如图23，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第五阳极(17)与所述第四阴极(16)之间，所述电子发生器(2201)开始工作并发射电子，所述第四阴极(16)由于逸出电子而带上正电荷，所述正电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(2201)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)带正的静电荷。
实施例21：将图23所示的净电荷发生装置(YJ003)中的电子发生器(2201)的连接方式稍作改变，形成如图24所示的净电荷发生装置，记编号为(YJ004)，包括：电子发生器(2201)、电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)和光源控制器(804)；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端(图24中用a、b表示)同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端(图24中用a 1、b 1表示)保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)可产生正向和反向的恒定电压(只需几伏即可)，其输出的电压加至所述电子发生器(2201)的第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间；从所述电子发生器(2201)的第五阳极(17)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置的电荷输出端(120)，从所述电压比较器(802)用导线引出一个端子作为所述净电荷发生装置的电位检测信号输入端(121)；图24中电池(1701)给所述光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)和电压比较器(802)提供合适的工作电压。
实施例22：利用净电荷发生装置(YJ004)给静电扬声器的振膜提供静电荷的电路如图25所示，包括：净电荷发生装置(YJ004)、音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)和振膜(903)；所述净电荷发生装置(YJ004)的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置(YJ004)的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压200～300倍后加到所述固定极板(103)上；工作过程：如图25，若振膜(903)第一导电层上的静电量减小至预设的正常工作电量范围以下，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)的第二导电层上的静电量也相应减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光，同时所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向辅助电压并加在所述第五阳极(17)与所述第四阴极(16)之间，所述电子发生器(2201)开始工作并发射电子，所述第五阳极(17)由于获得电子而带上负电荷，所述负电荷通过所述电荷输出端(120)被输送到静电扬声器的振膜(903)上；若所述振膜(903)上的静电量增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，所述电压比较器(802)即接收到所述电位检测信号输入端(121)传来的电位信息并发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)以控制所述电子发生器(2201)进入待机状态(即不需发射电子，处于等待状态)，至此对所述振膜(903)补充静电荷的过程结束；若由于某种原因(如空气潮湿、电离等)使所述振膜(903)的第一导电层漏电，其静电量再次减小，由于感应，使得所述振膜(903)第二导电层上的静电量也随之减小，所述电压比较器(802)通过所述电位检测信号输入端(121)再次检测到此电量变化(检测结果对应于预先设定的电位值)，所述电压比较器(802)随即发出触发信号至所述辅助电压发生器(801)和所述光源控制器(804)，下一次给振膜(903)补充电荷的过程开始，直至所述振膜(903)的第一导电层上的静电量重新增加至预设的正常工作电量范围，对所述振膜(903)补充电荷的过程再次结束；本实施例中所述静 电扬声器的振膜(903)带负的静电荷。
上述各实施例是从具体实现方式上对本发明的技术方案所做的描述，以使本领域的技术人员可以更清楚、更准确地理解本发明技术方案的核心思路，作为本领域一般技术人员，可以在不改变本发明技术方案核心思路的基础上，对这些实施例进行适当的等效变换或重新组合以达到同样的技术效果，故这些实施例不能作为对本发明内容的限制，本发明要求保护的范围以权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (44)

  1. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：第一发光部件(2)、具有导电性且透明的第一阳极(1)、具有导电性的第一阴极(5)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第一阳极(1)和所述第一阴极(5)设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述第一阳极(1)接地；所述第一阳极(1)和所述第一阴极(5)之间有供电子移动的间隙，当所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光透过所述第一阳极(1)照射到所述第一阴极(5)上时，所述第一阴极(5)可产生移向所述第一阳极(1)的光电子。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)靠近所述第一阳极(1)的一面呈凹面结构，所述第一阳极(1)靠近所述第一阴极(5)的一面呈凸面结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)是中间比边缘薄的导体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)靠近所述第一阳极(1)的凹面上设有光电阴极材料层(4)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述的电子发生器还包括凸透镜(3)，所述的凸透镜(3)位于所述第一发光部件(2)与所述第一阳极(1)之间
  6. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于，包括电压比较器(802)、光源控制器(804)以及如权利要求1至5任一项所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端与所述光源控制器(804)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第一发光部件(2)的电源接口保持电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述第一阴极(5)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光或停止发光。
  8. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：第一发光部件(2)、具有导电性且透明的第一阳极(1)、具有导电性的第一阴极(5)、具有导电性的第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第一阳极(1)、所述第一阴极(5)、所述第一辅助电极(6)均被设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一阴极(5)之间有供电子移动的间隙，所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)分居于所述第一阴极(5)的两侧，所述第一辅助电极(6)与所述第一阴极(5)保持电绝缘；所述第一发光部件(2)发出的光透过所述第一阳极(1)照射到所述第一阴极(5)上时，所述第一阴极(5)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，同时在所述第一阳极(1)与所述第一辅助电极(6)之间加上电压，此电压所形成的电场可促使所逸出的光电子顺利移动到所述第一阳极(1)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)靠近所述第一阳极(1)的一面呈凹面结构，所述第一阳极(1)靠近所述第一阴极(5)的一面呈凸面结构。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)是由中间比边缘薄的导体制作。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第一阴极(5)靠近所述第一阳极(1)的凹面上设有光电阴极材料层(4)。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述的电子发生器还包括凸透镜(3)，所述的凸透镜(3)位于所述第一发光部件(2)与所述第一阳极(1)之间。
  13. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于，包括：电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)、光源控制器(804)以及如权利要求8至12中任一项所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第一发光部件(2)的电源接口保持电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第一阴极(5)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804)和辅助电压发生器(801)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第一发光部件(2)发光或停止发光，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向电压或反向截至电压。
  15. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：具有导电性的第二阴极(8)、具有导电性的第二阳极(19)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二阴极(8)做成有单尖端或多个尖端组成的尖端阵列或刀刃状的结构，所述第二阴极(8)与所述第二阳极(19)之间有供电子移动的间隙；所述第二阴极(8)和所述第二阳极(19)设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，在所述第二阴极(8)和所述第二阳极(19)之间加一定电压时，所述第二阴极(8)的尖端可发射电子，所发射的电子越过所述间隙到达所述第二阳极(19)。
  16. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于包括：电压比较器(802)、脉冲电压发生器(1201)、电容器(1203)和权利要求15所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端与所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)输出的电压加至所述电子发生器的第二阴极(8)和第二阳极(19)之间。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120) 和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第二阳极(19)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的工作状态，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号发出正向脉冲电压或反向截止电压。
  18. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：具有导电性的第二阴极(8)、具有导电性的第三阳极(9)、具有导电性的第一辅助电极(6)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第二阴极(8)做成有尖端状的结构，所述第三阳极(9)是中间比边缘薄的导体，所述第二阴极(8)做成有单尖端或由多个尖端组成的尖端阵列的结构，所述第二阴极(8)与所述第三阳极(9)之间有供电子移动的间隙；所述第二阴极(8)与所述第一辅助电极(6)分居于所述第三阳极(9)的两侧，所述第一辅助电极(6)与所述第三阳极(9)保持电绝缘；所述第二阴极(8)、所述第三阳极(9)和所述第一辅助电极(6)均被固定于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，在所述第二阴极(8)和所述第一辅助电极(6)之间加一定电压时，所述第二阴极(8)的尖端可发射电子，所发射的电子越过所述间隙移动至所述第三阳极(9)
  19. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于包括：电压比较器(802)、脉冲电压发生器(1201)和权利要求18所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的信号输出端与所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)输出的电压加至所述电子发生器的第二阴极(8)和第一辅助电极(6)之间。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第三阳极(9)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)的工作状态，所述脉冲电压发生器(1201)根据接收到的控制信号发出正向脉冲电压或反向截止电压。
  21. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：第二发光部件(12)、具有导电性且透明的第四阳极(13)、具有导电性的第三阴极(11)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第四阳极(13)和所述第三阴极(11)设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内；所述第四阳极(13)和所述第三阴极(11)之间有供电子移动的间隙；当所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述第四阳极(13)照射到所述第三阴极(11)上时，所述第三阴极(11)可产生移向所述第四阳极(13)的电子。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第四阳极(13)用板状导体制作。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第三阴极(11)用板状导体制作，所述第三阴极(11)靠近所述第四阳极(13)的一面设有光电阴极材料层(4)。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第二发光部件(12)用板状光源制作。
  25. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：包括电压比较器(802)和光源控制器(804)以及如权利要求21至24中任一项所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端与所述光源控制器(804)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接；
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第三阴极(11)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光或停止发光。
  27. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：第二发光部件(12)、具有导电性且透明的第四阳极(13)、具有导电性的第三阴极(11)、具有导电性的第二辅助电极(15)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第四阳极(13)、所述第三阴极(11)和所述第二辅助电极(15)均设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内；所述第四阳极(13)和所述第三阴极(11)之间有供电子移动的间隙，当所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述第四阳极(13)照射到所述第三阴极(11)上时，所述第三阴极(11)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，同时在所述第四阳极(13)与所述第二辅助电极(15)之间加上电压，此电压形成的电场可促使所逸出的光电子顺利移动到所述第四阳极(13)。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第四阳极(13)用板状导体制作。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第三阴极(11)用板状导体制作，所述第三阴极(11)靠近所述第四阳极(13)的一面设有光电阴极材料层(4)。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第二发光部件(12)用板状光源制作。
  31. 根据权利要求27所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第二辅助电极(15)用板状导体制作。
  32. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于包括：电压比较器(802)、辅助电压发生器(801)、光源控制器(804)以及如权利要求27至32任一项所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端 同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接。
  33. 根据权利要求33所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第三阴极(11)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压发生器(801)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光或停止发光，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向电压或反向截止电压。
  34. 一种电子发生器，其特征在于包括：第二发光部件(12)、具有导电性且透明的第四阴极(16)、具有导电性的第五阳极(17)和绝缘密封外壳(7)；所述第四阴极(16)和所述第五阳极(17)设于所述绝缘密封外壳(7)内，所述第四阴极(16)与所述第五阳极(17)之间有供电子移动的间隙，所述第四阴极(16)靠近所述第五阳极(17)的一面设有光电阴极材料(4)，当所述第二发光部件(12)发出的光透过所述第四阴极(16)照射到所述光电阴极材料(4)上时，所述光电阴极材料(4)由于光电效应而逸出光电子，同时在所述第五阳极(17)和所述第四阴极(16)之间加上电压，此电压形成的电场可促使所逸出的光电子顺利移动至所述第五阳极(17)。
  35. 根据权利要求35所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第五阳极(17)用板状导体制作。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第四阴极(16)用透明板状导体制作。
  37. 根据权利要求35所述的电子发生器，其特征在于：所述第二发光部件(12)用板状光源制作。
  38. 一种净电荷发生装置，其特征在于，包括：电压比较器(802)、光源控制器(804)、辅助电压发生器(801)、电容器(1203)以及如权利要求35至38任一项所述的电子发生器；所述电压比较器(802)的控制信号输出端同时与所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压控制器(801)的信号输入端保持电连接，所述光源控制器(804)的电压输出端与所述第二发光部件(12)的电源接口保持电连接，所述辅助电压发生器(801)输出的电压通过所述电容器(1203)加至所述电子发生器的第五阳极(17)和第四阴极(16)之间。
  39. 根据权利要求39所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第四阴极(16)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804) 和所述辅助电压发生器(801)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光或停止发光，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号产生正向电压或反向截止电压。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的净电荷发生装置，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置具有电荷输出端(120)和电位检测信号输入端(121)；所述电子发生器的第五阳极(17)与所述电荷输出端(120)保持电连接，所述电压比较器(802)与所述电位检测信号输入端(121)保持电连接；所述电压比较器(802)用于检测所述电位检测信号输入端(121)输入的电位，并根据检测结果发出控制信号控制所述光源控制器(804)和所述辅助电压发生器(801)的工作状态，所述光源控制器(804)根据接收到的控制信号控制所述第二发光部件(12)发光或停止发光，所述辅助电压发生器(801)根据接收到的控制信号输出正向电压或反向截止电压。
  41. 一种静电扬声器，其特征在于：所述的静电扬声器包括音频变压器(101)、两个固定极板(103)、振膜(903)以及如权利要求6、权利要求7、权利要求13、权利要求14、权利要求16、权利要求17、权利要求19、权利要求20、权利要求25、权利要求26、权利要求33、权利要求34、权利要求39、权利要求40、权利要求41中任一项权利要求所述的净电荷发生装置；输入音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压后加到所述固定极板(103)上，所述净电荷发生装置给所述振膜(903)提供静电荷。
  42. 根据权利要求42所述的静电扬声器，其特征在于：所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)包括：中间的绝缘材料层及分别设于所述绝缘材料层的两个表面上的第一导电层和第二导电层。
  43. 根据权利要求43所述的静电扬声器，其特征在于：所述第一导电层的面电阻在10 6～10 12Ω之间，所述的第二导电层的面电阻在0～10 6Ω之间。
  44. 根据权利要求42所述的静电扬声器，其特征在于：所述净电荷发生装置的电荷输出端(120)与所述振膜(903)的第一导电层保持电连接，所述净电荷发生装置的电位检测信号输入端(121)与所述振膜(903)的第二导电层保持电连接，输入音频信号经所述音频变压器(101)升压后加至所述两个固定极板(103)上，所述净电荷发生装置通过所述电荷输出端(120)给所述静电扬声器的振膜(903)提供静电荷，所述振膜(903)处于所述两个固定极板(103)之间，所述两个固定极板(103)之间产生随音频信号变化的电场，所述振膜(903)受变化的电场力作用振动而产生声音。
PCT/CN2019/000101 2018-05-14 2019-05-13 一种电子发生器、一种净电荷发生装置及一种静电扬声器 WO2019218697A1 (zh)

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