WO2019218292A1 - 一种宝石鱼饲料及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents
一种宝石鱼饲料及其制备方法和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019218292A1 WO2019218292A1 PCT/CN2018/087212 CN2018087212W WO2019218292A1 WO 2019218292 A1 WO2019218292 A1 WO 2019218292A1 CN 2018087212 W CN2018087212 W CN 2018087212W WO 2019218292 A1 WO2019218292 A1 WO 2019218292A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000723382 Corylus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001543 Corylus americana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019740 Vitamins/micromineral premix Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002943 Elettaria cardamomum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000005300 cardamomo Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 244000241838 Lycium barbarum Species 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JJWSNOOGIUMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monomethylmercury Chemical compound [Hg]C JJWSNOOGIUMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 244000182216 Mimusops elengi Species 0.000 description 1
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- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010046798 Uterine leiomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000007837 Vangueria infausta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010260 leiomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fish feed, in particular to a gem fish feed and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
- Hong Kong freshwater fish farmers mainly feed low-food fish such as four major fishes and tilapia, and these fish have low requirements for feed protein, so the use of low-nutrient feed can still make fish grow well. (AFCD, 2017). farmers often use expired bread, noodles, bean dregs and other low-value materials as feed to reduce production costs.
- the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department began introducing gem fish from Australia around 2000 for local fishermen to test and raise. Gem fish is an omnivorous fish, requiring a protein content of more than 30%. Since the protein content of common feed is generally about 20%, its nutritional value cannot meet the needs of gem fish. But commercial feeds use a lot of high-nutrient ingredients, including fishmeal, which is also a source of contaminants in feed.
- Fishmeal is a major component of commercial compound feeds (mainly from miscellaneous fish and fish processing by-products), but it is also a major source of contaminants. Fishmeal may be contaminated with melamine, antibiotics or residual pesticides that are intentionally or unintentionally added. Fishmeal in Hong Kong may contain a variety of higher concentrations of pollutants such as DDT and mercury (Cheng et al., 2014; Dickman et al., 1998; Zhou and Wong, 2000). Inferior fish feed is the main source of heavy metal mercury that accumulates in fish. The various potential health risks worldwide are closely related to the consumption of contaminated fish food.
- the present invention increases the amount of protein through bacterial fermentation, and mixes with other materials to prepare a feed suitable for gem fish.
- a gem fish feed prepared per 100 parts by weight of gem fish feed from the following parts by weight: 42-48 portions of food protein powder, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of peanut bran, 4-6 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of yeast, 19-24 parts of starch, 1-4 parts of vitamin and mineral premix, 0.1-0.4 parts of hazelnut powder.
- every 100 parts by weight of the gem fish feed is prepared from the following parts by weight: 45 parts of food protein powder, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of yeast 21.8 parts of starch, 3 parts of vitamin and mineral premix, 0.2 parts of hazelnut powder.
- the preparation process of the kitchen protein powder is as follows: the kitchen waste is sorted, the protein-containing material is extracted, and then finely broken into a slurry, the water content is about 70%, and then the material is added or filtered to control water, and the water content is It is reduced to 40%, and then the anaerobic fermentation is carried out by adding the bacteria, and the anaerobic fermentation is completed after 5-9 days, and then dried after 120 degrees of high temperature drying.
- a method for preparing a gem fish feed comprising the following steps: (1) degreasing, pulverizing and fermenting the kitchen waste to obtain a kitchen protein powder;
- a method for using a gem fish feed is to feed on a feeder according to three percent of the weight of the fish, and to adjust the feed once every two weeks.
- the beneficial effects of the invention are that the feed of the gem fish can be produced by using the food waste after the fermentation treatment, on the one hand, the resources can be recycled and reused, the life of the landfill can be prolonged, and at the same time, the safe feed can be produced, and the food protein powder in addition to the food waste
- Chinese medicine - medlar and yeast are also added to the feed to improve the breeding effect of the gem fish.
- the gem fish feed formula provided by the present invention is as follows:
- the raw materials of the kitchen protein powder are the kitchen waste, the protein residue produced by the washing and degreasing and pulverization after bacterial fermentation, and the remaining raw materials, including soybean meal, peanut bran, yeast, starch, hazelnut powder and vitamins. Mineral premixes are sourced from the market and the tweezers are ready for use after milling.
- the formulated materials are mixed at room temperature according to the amount shown in Table 1 and then subjected to a high-temperature expansion process to produce pellet feed.
- the protein of the gem fish feed formula and the commercial feed provided by the invention are respectively 27.5% and 32.5% (see Table 2), and the crude fat phase of the two feeds is about 6.5%.
- Table 3 lists the growth of the two groups of gem fish. Experimental results There was no significant difference in the growth of gem fish in Group A and Group B. Although the protein of gem fish feed was lower than that of commercial feed, the results showed that the meat exchange rate of the gem fish fed the two kinds of fish food feed was about 1.2. And can grow into adult fish and sell in six months, showing that by adding tweezers and yeast, even in the case of lower protein, gem fish formula is not as efficient as commercial feed for fish.
- Table 4 lists the non-specific immune parameters of the gem fish.
- the results of the protein experiments in the fish food showed that the non-specific immune parameters of the two feeds fed the gem fish, including total serum protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity, were not significantly different, indicating that the gem fish feed formula for the fish Non-specific immune parameters have no adverse effects.
- Table 5 lists the heavy metal content and legal standards for the two feeds. At present, heavy metals with legal caps in China include mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium and arsenic. The test results show that the heavy metal content in the gem fish feed formula is lower than the Chinese law limit, and the formula is suitable for aquaculture production.
- LOQ quantitative limit
- **calculated as inorganic arsenic different or identical letters indicate statistically significant differences or no statistically significant differences between groups
- Table 6 lists the heavy metal content of gem fish and fish .
- China and Hong Kong have imposed legal limits on mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium and arsenic in fish.
- the test results show that the heavy metals in fish are lower than the relevant standards in China and Hong Kong, indicating that the use of food waste is not Will make the heavy metals in the fish exceed the standard.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
一种宝石鱼饲料及其制备方法和使用方法，该宝石鱼饲料按照每100重量份由以下重量份的组分制备而成：42-48份的厨余蛋白粉，8-12份的豆粕，8-12份的花生麸，4-6份的鱼粉，4-6份的酵母，19-24份的淀粉，1-4份的维生素矿物质预混合剂，0.1-0.4份的杞子粉；所述制备方法包括：将厨余除油、粉碎、发酵处理，得到厨余蛋白粉；将杞子研磨成粉；将各组分高温膨化，制成饲料颗粒；所述使用方法为每天按照鱼体重的3%以投料机喂饲，每两周调整喂食量一次。
Description
本发明涉及一种鱼饲料，具体来讲，涉及一种宝石鱼饲料及其制备方法和使用方法。
香港每天大约有13,000吨固体垃圾被扔置在垃圾堆填区处理，其中有3,600吨是厨余(EPD，2017)，预计现有的垃圾堆填区将在2020年先后耗尽。现时主要的处理厨余方法为堆填，但厨余本身含有大量水分而且容易腐败，除了引起环境污染问题外，将厨余弃置于堆填区内会使堆填区的寿命大幅缩短。因此，回收利用厨余能部分地减轻垃圾堆填区的压力。事实上，厨余中仍然含有相当分量的营养，可以回收再利用并生产成饲料等有用材料。
香港淡水鱼养殖户主要商业饲料饲养四大家鱼及罗非鱼等低食性层次鱼类，此等鱼类对饲料蛋白的要求不高，因此使用低营养成分的饲料仍可令鱼类有良好生长(AFCD，2017)。养殖户会常用过期面包，面条，豆渣及其他低价值材料作为饲料，以此降低生产成本。渔农自然护理署于2000年左右开始由澳洲引入宝石鱼，供本地渔民试验饲养。宝石鱼为杂食性鱼类，要求饲料蛋白含量为30％以上，由于常用饲料的蛋白含量普遍为20％左右，其营养价值并不能满足宝石鱼的需要。但商业饲料使用了大量高营养成份的原料，包括鱼粉，而鱼粉同时是饲料中的污染物来源。
鱼粉作为(主要来源于杂鱼和鱼类加工副产品)商业复合饲料的主要成分，但同时也是污染物的主要来源。鱼粉可能会受到有意或无意加进的三聚氰胺、抗生素或残留农药污染。香港地区的鱼粉有可能含有多种较高浓度的污染物，例如DDT和汞(Cheng et al.，2014；Dickman et al.，1998；Zhou and Wong，2000)。劣质鱼饲料是累积在鱼类体内的重金属汞的主要来源。全球各种潜在的健康风险与食用已受污染的鱼类食品息息相关。就香港男性不育(低精子数量和质量)问题，是与体内累积大量的汞及经常食用鱼类有关(Dickman et al.，1998)。2012 年Ko et al.发现沿海居民(如香港和上海)，患有自闭症的儿童的头发里含有高浓度的汞和镉；而在相对应来自内陆的居民(如北京)，则观察到有较高浓度的砷和铅。这些结果分别表明了沿海地区人们的饮食习惯是偏向大量食用受污染的海鲜，而内陆地区人们则受严重的环境污染(砷和铅)。研究也显示子宫肌瘤患者的脂肪组织中含有的持久性有机污染物和重金属的浓度明显高于没有患病的人(Qin et al.，2010)。
发明概述
因此，为了避免养殖鱼类积累持久性有机污染物和重金属这些污染物，生产合乎安全的饲料是上策之一。同时，使用饲料来替代杂鱼喂饲也可有助于维持鱼排周边的环境卫生。近年来食品安全事件频发，本地消费者越来越关注食品安全问题。事实上越来越多香港人愿意花更高的价格购买贴有无化学成分卷标的鱼产品(Boulanger et al.，2008)。公众对食品安全问题的意识及关注提高，使成为选择食品的重要因素多于其价格本身，从而为香港渔民提供养殖高质量鱼产品的经济激励。
问题的解决方案
为解决上述提到的问题，本发明将厨余透过细菌发酵增加蛋白量，与其他材料混合制成适合宝石鱼的饲料。
一种宝石鱼饲料，每100重量份的宝石鱼饲料由以下各重量份的物质制备而成：42-48份的厨余蛋白粉，8-12份的豆粕，8-12份的花生麸，4-6份的鱼粉，4-6份的酵母，19-24份的淀粉，1-4份的维生素矿物质预混合剂，0.1-0.4份的杞子粉。
优选的，每100重量份的宝石鱼饲料由以下各重量份的物质制备而成：45份的厨余蛋白粉，10份的豆粕，10份的花生麸，5份的鱼粉，5份的酵母，21.8份的淀粉，3份的维生素矿物质预混合剂，0.2份的杞子粉。
所述的厨余蛋白粉制备过程如下：将厨余进行分选，提取含蛋白质的物料，再进行细破成为浆状，其含水率大约70％，再加入物料或者过滤控水，把含水率降至40％，然后加入菌种就行厌氧发酵，5-9天后完成厌氧发酵，再经过120度的高 温烘干后，进行筛选而成。
一种宝石鱼饲料的制备方法，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：(1)将厨余进行除油、粉碎及发酵处理，得到厨余蛋白粉；
(2)将杞子研磨成粉，待用；
(3)将各组分物质经120-130℃的高温蒸气高温膨化，制作成饲料颗粒。
一种宝石鱼饲料的使用方法，所述的使用方法为：根据鱼体重的百分之三每天以投料机喂饲，每两周调整喂食量一次。
发明的有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于，利用发酵处理后的厨余生产宝石鱼的饲料，一方面能将资源回收再用，延长堆填区寿命，同时又可生产安全的饲料，饲料中除了厨余蛋白粉及其他常用材料外，饲料中亦加入中药-杞子及酵母，能改善宝石鱼的养殖效果。
发明实施例
本发明提供的宝石鱼饲料配方如下：
表一 宝石鱼饲料配方
-
厨余蛋白粉的原料为厨余，厨余经过洗水除油及粉碎后经细菌发酵处理后生成的蛋白添加物，其余的原料，包括豆粕，花生麸，酵母，淀粉，杞子粉及维生素矿物质预混合剂乃从市面上采购，杞子于磨粉后备用。
配方物料按照表一所示份量于常温混合后进行高温膨化工艺，制造成颗粒饲料。
本发明提供的宝石鱼饲料配方与商业饲料的蛋白皆分别为27.5％及32.5％(见表二)，两种饲料的粗脂肪相约，大约为6.5％。
表二 宝石鱼饲料配方和商业饲料的粗蛋白和粗脂肪量
[Table 1]
| 饲料 | 粗蛋白(％) | 粗脂肪(％) |
| 宝石鱼饲料配方 | 27.5±0.685a | 6.72±0.382a |
| 商业饲料 | 32.5±0.862b | 6.78±0.217a |
注：不同或相同字母分别表示组别间有统计显著差异或没有统计显著差异。
试验方法
选择1000条宝石鱼的鱼苗(10公分长)，首先根据它们身体的外表和行为来检查评估鱼的健康情况(例如：对光线的反应速度和其摄食行为)，同时观察有没有损伤迹象(身体损伤，割伤，缺少朝气)，选择健康状况良好、没有损伤迹象的鱼苗，鱼苗根据重量平均分配至6个养殖网箱中(4米长x4米阔x1米深)，其中三个网箱喂饲本发明提供的宝石鱼饲料配方，为实验组A；另外三个网箱喂饲一种常用的商业饲料颗粒用作对照组B，两组饲养研究持续6个月。根据鱼体重的百分之三每天以投料机喂饲，并每两周调整饲料喂食量，然后进行测验。
饲料成效及测验结果
表三列出了两组宝石鱼的生长情况。实验结果A组和B组的宝石鱼的生长情况并没有显著差异，虽然，宝石鱼饲料的蛋白比商业饲料低，但结果显示出进食两种鱼粮饲料的宝石鱼的换肉率皆为1.2左右，并且能够在六个月生长为成鱼及销售，显示出透过添加杞子和酵母，即使在蛋白较低的情况下，、宝石鱼配方对鱼的生长效率不逊于商业饲料。
表三 宝石鱼的相对增重及换肉率
[Table 2]
| 饲料 | 换肉率 | 相对增重(％) |
| 宝石鱼饲料配方-A组 | 1.22±0.085a | 376±28.8a |
| 商业饲料-B组 | 1.14±0.02a | 394±17.2a |
注：不同或相同字母分别表示组别间有统计显著差异或没有统计显著差异
表四列出宝石鱼的非特异性免疫参数。鱼粮中的蛋白质实验结果显示喂饲宝石鱼的两种饲料的非特异性免疫参数，包括总血清蛋白，总免疫球蛋白及溶菌酶活性，并没有显著差别，显示出宝石鱼饲料配方对鱼的非特异性免疫参数没有不良影响。
表四 宝石鱼的非特异性免疫参数
注：不同或相同字母分别表示组别间有统计显著差异或没有统计显著差异
表五列出了两种饲料的重金属含量及法例标准。现时，中国设有法例上限的重金属包括有汞、铬、铅、镉及砷。测试结果表明，宝石鱼饲料配方中的重金属含量低于中国的法例上限，配方适合用于养殖生产。
表五 饲料中重金属含量及相关法例上限
注：LOQ＝定量极限；*以甲基汞计算；**以无机砷计算；不同或相同字母分别表示组别间有统计显著差异或没有统计显著差异表六列出了宝石鱼鱼肉的重金属含量。现时，中国以及香港皆对鱼肉中的汞、铬、铅、镉及砷设有法例上限，测试结果表明，鱼肉中的重金属比起中国及香港的相关标准为低，显示出使用厨余饲料不会使鱼肉中的重金属超标。
表六 宝石鱼鱼肉的重金属含量及相关法例上限
注：*以甲基汞计算；**以无机砷计算；不同或相同字母分别表示组别间有 统计显著差异或没有统计显著差异。
Claims (4)
- 一种宝石鱼饲料，其特征在于，每100重量份的宝石鱼饲料由以下各重量份的物质制备而成：42-48份的厨余蛋白粉，8-12份的豆粕，8-12份的花生麸，4-6份的鱼粉，4-6份的酵母，19-24份的淀粉，1-4份的维生素矿物质预混合剂，0.1-0.4份的杞子粉。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种宝石鱼饲料，其特征在于，每100重量份的宝石鱼饲料由以下各重量份的物质制备而成：45份的厨余蛋白粉，10份的豆粕，10份的花生麸，5份的鱼粉，5份的酵母，21.8份的淀粉，3份的维生素矿物质预混合剂，0.2份的杞子粉。
- 一种宝石鱼饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：(1)将厨余进行除油、粉碎及发酵处理，得到厨余蛋白粉；(2)将杞子研磨成粉，待用；(3)将权利要求1或者2中各组分物质经高温膨化，制作成饲料颗粒。
- 一种宝石鱼饲料的使用方法，其特征在于，所述的使用方法为：根据鱼体重的百分之三每天以投料机喂饲，每两周调整喂食量一次。
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| CN103392932A (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 广东海大畜牧兽医研究院有限公司 | 一种用于宝石鲈和胜斑鱼养殖的配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN106666207A (zh) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-17 | 季叶俊 | 一种宝石鱼饲料的配方 |
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| CN103392932A (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 广东海大畜牧兽医研究院有限公司 | 一种用于宝石鲈和胜斑鱼养殖的配合饲料及其制备方法 |
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