WO2019210889A1 - Composición a dosis fija de paracetamol:amitriptilina y método para el tratamiento del dolor mixto por cáncer - Google Patents
Composición a dosis fija de paracetamol:amitriptilina y método para el tratamiento del dolor mixto por cáncer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
- A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Definitions
- cancer pain can be directly related to the primary and / or metastatic tumor that infiltrates and compresses visceral, somatic and nervous structures, but also to its therapeutic, whether surgical, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
- the latter is one of the most used and in general 3 painful syndromes related to cancer chemotherapeutic treatment are recognized: Arthralgias induced by aromatase inhibitors with a prevalence of 23-47%, oral mucositis induced by anti-metabolic, antimltotic, DNA-attractives and also radiotherapy with a prevalence of 5-40%, but the most complex is painful peripheral neuropathy Induced by cancer chemotherapy (CIPN).
- CIPN peripheral neuropathy Induced by cancer chemotherapy
- the CIPN is presented as a side effect of the 6 major agents that are used in cancer therapeutics, limiting the number of sessions that the patient receives and their chance of healing. Its incidence varies according to the agent, the classic vinca alkaloids (25-65%), taxanes (7-50%), platinum derivatives (10-50%), thalidomide (9-41%) and the new agents, epothilones (6-71%) and bortezomld (-50%).
- cancer pain can be considered as mixed where inflammatory, neuropathic and ischemic mechanisms that affect more than a single site lie, so it cannot be circumscribed as somatic, visceral or neuropathic strictly (Bray, E. et al. 2012. Lancet Oncol. 13: 790-801; Breivik, H. et al. 2009. Ann. Oncol. 20: 1420-33; Hershman, DL et al. 2014. J. Clin. Oncol. 32: 1941- 67; Cata, JP et al. 2010. In: Paice, JA, Bell, RF, Kalso, EA, Soyannwo, OA editors. Cancer pain from molecules to suffering. Seattle: IASP Press p.3-21).
- anti-depressants and anti-epileptics offer benefit to one third of patients and are used as adjuvants in combination with non-sterolytic anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) and oploldes, included in the dynamic concept of the World Health Organization's analgesic ladder (WHO).
- NSAIDs non-sterolytic anti-inflammatory analgesics
- WHO World Health Organization's analgesic ladder
- the WHO analgesic ladder constitutes a non-rigid model for the treatment of cancer pain, consisting of 3 steps, its dynamism presupposes an active and individualized movement starting from step 1 for the treatment of mild pain (non-opioid analgesics such as paracetamol or NSAIDs) , step 2 for the treatment of mild to moderate pain (weak opioids such as codeine or dextropropoxyphene) and step 3 for the treatment of moderate to severe pain (strong opioids such as morphine).
- the recommended route of administration is oral and by schedule.
- adjuvant drugs such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants are included at all levels, a strategy that responds to the knowledge that 20% of cancer pain responds to primarily neuropathic mechanisms and that in more than 40% the pain is of a mixed type that It includes them.
- Another of the strategies for the treatment of pain with neuropathic component is neuroprotection that focuses on glutamatergic dysfunction, nitroxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, trophic factors, neuroinflammation and changes in undamaged fibers induced by neurodegeneration ( Bennett, Nl 2012. In: Tracey, I. editor, IASP fiesfresher Courses on Pain Management, Seattle: IASP Press p. 301-304; Urch, CE and Dickenson, AH 2008.
- FCN nerve growth factor
- endothelin 1 adenosine triphosphate
- PGE 2 prostaglandin E 2
- H + protons H + protons
- BK bradykinn
- proteases which activate and can sensitize nociceptors.
- the FCN-receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) signaling expressed in sensory neurons is vital in sensitization because in addition to inducing phosphorylation of the transient receptor potential channels vanillloid 1 (TRPV1), its retrograde transport to the soma Neuronal induces the increase in the expression and synthesis of excitatory neuropeptides such as substance P and the peptide related to the calcitonlna gene (SP and CGRP), of BK receptors, channels such as purlnerglic receptors (P2X), acid-sensitive channels 3 (ASIC3), TRPV1, transcriptional factors such as transcription activating factor 3 (ATF3) associated with neural injury and structural molecules.
- TrkA FCN-receptor tyrosine kinase A
- this signaling modulates the traffic and the insertion of the sodium channels (Nav 1.8) and TRPV1 into the sensory membranes and the expression profile of Schwann cells and macrophages.
- the P2X4 receptor is involved in the spinal signaling mlcroglia-neuron and the Induction of mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral neural damage.
- Gllal activation and neuron-glia interactions contribute to the generation and maintenance of this process, which is not only limited to the spinal cord, but also affects areas of the brain stem involved in downward modulation that facilitates pain. Consequently, tumor growth not only activates, sensitizes, damages and induces regeneration outbreaks in primary and sympathetic afferent neurons, but also induces a significant pro-nociceptive reorganization in the CNS (Peters, CM et al. 2005. Exp. Neurol. 193: 85-100; Gordon-Williams, RM and Dickenson, AH 2007. Curr. Opi. Support. Palliat. Care 2007.1: 6-10; Yanagisawa, Y. et al. 2010. Mol.
- amitriptyline a dual inhibitor of the reuptake of 5-HT and NA, has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of neuropathic pain precisely because of its plurality of mechanisms inherent in the class of ADTs not only because of the increase in the bioavailability of amines in the synoptic space , but by the activation of its receptors, activation of opioid (or supraspinal and m-spinal) receptors, blockade of Na + channels, activation of K + channels, Inhibition of NMDA receptor activity, facilitation of receptor function GABA b .
- amitriptyline peripherally modulates the P2X purnomeric receptors, recognized for their role in the inflammatory changes induced in the tumor environment and in Wallerian degeneration.
- Some neurotrophic factors such as the glial cell derivative (GDNF) and the brain derivative (BDNF) have been implicated in the actions of this drug.
- GDNF glial cell derivative
- BDNF brain derivative
- WO 2005/077168 A1 a method for the treatment of chronic pain such as neuropathic pain and fibromuscular painful disorders, as well as compositions such as oral suspensions, tablets or capsules, containing a low dose to provide 25mg / day or less of ADT combined with non-narcotic analgesics such as paracetamol in the range of 0.50 to 2g / day. While the ADTs as a class show definite characteristics, there are clear differences between the individual agents in terms of their relative affinity for particular mechanisms, their differential contribution to clinical use and side effects profile (Sawynok, J. and Re ⁇ d, A.
- flbromuscular painful disorders must refer to flbromialgla, one of the most frequent somatic syndromes of functional pain, related to the central amplification of the processing of sensory, cognitive and affective information, dysfunction of the endogenous noclceptlvo Inhibitory system, disorders of sleep and dlsautonomy (Clauw, DJ and Williams, DA 2009.
- composition shows an increase in efficacy due to slippery mechanisms, a reduction in dosage and adverse effects, so it can offer a greater efficacy-safety balance in this type of patient, particularly for paracetamol known as its hepatic and renal toxicities, which in the composition is reduced by more than 1 ⁇ 4 of its usual daily dose.
- An object of the present invention is a fixed dose pharmaceutical composition, which comprises paracetamol, a non-narcotic analgesic and amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms, as well as at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- Another object of the present invention relates to providing the proportions of the drugs to be combined and the effective doses of the combinations studied for their most efficient and safe extrapolation to humans. Those that result from the isobolographic and pharmacological safety study in two animal models, one of persistent pain where the acute plasticity changes of the CNS and another neuropathic, whose main pathophysiological mechanism is neuroinflammation.
- compositions with advantages compared to pharmaceutical formulations in the prior art.
- this composition as a combination in doses in fixed proportions facilitates the prescription and adherence to treatment, shows an increase in efficacy by synergistic mechanisms in particular for the reduction of mechanical allodynia, mechanical hypernociception and persistent inflammatory pain, reduction of the dosing of both drugs and adverse effects, so it can offer greater efficacy-safety balance.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for the treatment of mixed pain due to mild cancer usually treated with level 1 drugs of the WHO ladder, in which the composition provided in this invention is administered.
- This can also be administered for the treatment of mild to moderate pain associated with weak opioids used at level 2 or moderate to severe associated with potent opioids used at level 3, to improve its analgesic efficacy.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention is the use of the combination to protect from neuroinflammation-induced degeneration after neural injury (preventive and / or therapeutic effect), which may occur by tumor infiltration or compression of the sensory fibers or their therapy in mixed cancer pain where inflammatory, neuropathic and ischemic mechanisms come together to generate pain.
- Fig. 1 Temporary course of the effect of increasing doses of amitriptyline with respect to vehicle on licking / biting behavior after injection of 2.5% formalin on the plantar surface of the rat's leg.
- Fig. 2 Temporary course of the effect of increasing doses of paracetamol with respect to vehicle on licking / biting behavior after injection of 2.5% formalin on the plantar surface of the rat's leg.
- Fig. 3 Antihypernociceptive effect of increasing doses of amitriptyline (A) and paracetamol (B) on the licking / biting behavior during phase II of the 2.5% formalin test in rats, expressed as a percentage of antinociception or maximum possible effect.
- Fig. 4 Antihypernociceptive effect of increasing doses of the paracetamohamithptiline combination on the lick / bite behavior during phase II of the test of formalin 2.5% in rats, expressed as a percentage of antinociception or maximum possible effect.
- Fig. 6 Effect of increasing doses of amitriptyline compared to gabapentlna or vehicle on mechanical allodynia (A) and mechanical hypernoclcepclone (B) in the psllateral leg of ICC rats.
- Fig. 7 Effect of increasing doses of paracetamol compared with gabapentlna or vehicle on mechanical allodynia (A) and mechanical hypernociception (B) in the ipsilateral leg of ICC rats
- Fig. 13 Qualitative histopathological analysis of rat sciatic nerve sections to assess the neuroprotective effect of the paracetamohamitriptyline combination on changes related to Wallerian degeneration induced by chronic sciatic nerve constriction (ICC) 14 days post-surgery.
- ICC chronic sciatic nerve constriction
- the pharmacodynamic rationality was based on the knowledge of the actions of both drugs on the nociceptive pathways considering the multiple sites and mechanisms operating on specific targets, as well as their adverse effects and pharmacokinetic variables.
- the study was designed of pharmacological interaction of both drugs for the formal demonstration of synergy through an intensive sobolographic analysis (analysis of graphs plotting different doses of the two drugs to produce a constant of independent efficacy and in combination) in two in vivo models. This responds to the need for the use of integral systems that interfere with peripheral activity, spinal transmission, modulating systems and suprasegmental systems of the active global network that leads to pain perception (Raffa, P.I. 3 et al. 2010.
- Biphasic nociceptive behavior has been described in this test, the first phase or nociceptive is interpreted as a consequence of the direct activation of peripheral terminations of nociceptors by the chemical irritant. While the second, tonic or late is interpreted as the result of the acute inflammatory response, as well as the peripheral and central sensitization produced by the sustained activation of C fibers (Coderre, TJ et al. 1990. Brain f ⁇ es. 535: 155 -8). This phase mimics the changes of synoptic plasticity that occur during persistent pain that could move towards chronicity, so it received the greatest focus of attention in our experiments.
- the period between the two phases of the response is identified as the latency phase in which the activity decreases or practically ceases, this effect being attributed to the participation of the mechanisms of central endogenous modulation of pain (Dubuisson, D. and, Dennis, SG 1977. Pain 4: 161-74; Omote, K. et al. 1998. Brain f ⁇ es. 814: 194-8).
- X mean time of lick / bite of the control group treated with vehicle
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental group (for phase I lick time in 5 minutes, for phase II average time of 15 to 45 minutes per animal) .
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental group (for phase I lick time in 5 minutes, for phase II average time of 15 to 45 minutes per animal) .
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental group (for phase I lick time in 5 minutes, for phase II average time of 15 to 45 minutes per animal) .
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental group (for phase I lick time in 5 minutes, for phase II average time of 15 to 45 minutes per animal) .
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental group (for phase I lick time in 5 minutes, for phase II average time of 15 to 45 minutes per animal) .
- X1 lick / bite time of each animal in the experimental
- the 5-HT1 A, 5- HT1 B, 5-HT1 D receptors have Inhibitory actions on nociceptive transmission through direct mechanisms by pre-synaptic and post-synaptic inhibition in superficial blades of the spinal dorsal horn.
- 5-HT2A and 5-HT3, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 located pre-synaptically facilitate it. It has been suggested that the interaction of this drug with 5-HT high affinity receptors may explain its analgesic efficacy at low doses and the hormesis phenomenon that shows its dose response curve (CDR) (Suzuki, R. et al. 2004. Trends Pharmacol.Sci. 25: 613-7).
- CDR dose response curve
- this drug reduces spinal prostaglandin E 2 release in the formalin test.
- FAH fatty acid amide hydrolase
- the release of spinal 5-HT stimulates 5-HT receptors Inhibiting nociceptive transmission mainly of chemical stimuli such as formalin (5-HT1 A) and mechanical stimuli (5-HT3 / 4).
- the AM404 llpoamlno acid is an agonist of the TRPV1 receptors in the brain and can also facilitate the inhibition of T-voltage sensitive calcium channels widely distributed in cortical and subcortical areas involved in pain modulation (Mallet, C. et al. 2008. Painl 39: 190-200; Kerckhove, N. et al. 2014. Pain 155: 764-772; Bonnefont, J. et al. 2005. Pain 114: 482-490).
- amitriptyline is not recommended at doses higher than 75 mg / day in adults over 65 years of age due to more severe anticholinergic and sedative adverse effects with risk of falls, cognitive dysfunctions, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, cardiovascular effects, orthostatic hypotension ). Doses greater than 100mg / day have been associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (Finnerup, NB et al. 2015. Lancet Neurol. 14: 162-73).
- the doses of the combination were calculated from the fractions of the established proportion of theoretical DE30 constituting the maximum dose (2, 4 , 8, 16 mg / Kg, po, C1, C2, C3, C4).
- A% antinociception was observed by exclusively inhibiting dose-dependent phase II with values of 44.3913203 for the dose 2mg / kg (p ⁇ 0.01) and 53.0415594, 57.0062523, 64.1632953% from of the dose 4mg / kg respectively (p ⁇ 0.001) (Fig. 4).
- the experienced DE30, 3923 and the experimental point is located below the additive line in correspondence with a synergistic interaction (Fig. 5).
- CCI-vehicle group (distilled water 10mL / kg, po), Amitriptyline groups (0.5, 1, 5, 3, 10mg / kg, po, AMT), Gabapentin group (50mg / kg, po, GBP); ICC False Group (distilled water 10mL / kg, po)
- Amitriptyline groups 0.5, 1, 5, 3, 10mg / kg, po, AMT
- Gabapentin group 50mg / kg, po, GBP
- ICC False Group (distilled water 10mL / kg, po) The supply was made daily at repeated doses for 7 days until 14 days post-CCI, at which time another evaluation of the variables is carried out.
- Amitriptyline at doses of 3 and 10mg / kg increased the thresholds for removal of the damaged leg from the von Frey filaments (p ⁇ 0.05), and also significantly reduced the intensity of mechanical hypernociception at a dose of 1.5 (p ⁇ 0.01), 3 and 10mg / kg (p ⁇ 0.001) (Flg.6A and Flg.6B).
- Experimental groups were formed for the study of paracetamol CDR: CCI-vehicle group (distilled water 10mL / kg, po), Paracetamol groups (25, 50, 100, 200mg / kg, po, P), Gabapentin group (50mg / kg, po, GBP), CCI False Group (distilled water 10mL / kg, po).
- Paracetamol showed significant anti-allodylic effect from doses of 50mg / kg (p ⁇ 0.05) and mechanical anti-hypernociceptive dose-dependent 25, 50, 100 (p ⁇ 0.01) and 200mg / kg (p ⁇ 0.001) similar to GBP (Flg.7A and Flg.7B).
- the withdrawal thresholds after the treatments were converted to% MEP.
- mechanical alodinla> mechanical hypernociception In neuropathic pain models there are controversies regarding the observation of the mechanical antialodynal effect of amitriptyline. Particularly in the ICC model using higher doses 32, 64 and 128mg / kg, this drug reduced thermal hypernociception but showed no anti-allodylic effect.
- the result was similar in the model of separate neural injury (SIN), instead it reversed the responses to chemical irritants induced by ATP and capsaicin, stimuli that are transmitted by C fibers that express P2X and TRPV1 receptors and that are also involved in transmission of thermal stimuli.
- SIN separate neural injury
- this drug mediates its analgesic actions through excitatory 5-HT receptors located in inhibitory gabaerglin intraneurons such as 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 (Im, KS et al. 2012. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 28: 251-258; Suzuki, R. et al. 2004. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25: 613-7).
- Paracetamol Inhibited both sensory alterations in the face of mechanical stimuli in this model, but its effect was also more potent on the mechanical allodyne> mechanical hypernociception.
- Dose (mg / kg) antialodynics used in the study of interaction of amitriptyline and paracetamoi after oral administration in the chronic nerve constriction model
- C3 and C4 were greater than GBP 50mg / kg in its mechanical antialodynic effect.
- the experimental ED50 was 8.2178 mg / kg, while the theoretical one was 26.0453 mg / kg, so the combination showed a synergistic effect with an interaction rate of 0.31, statistically significant (Fig. 12 and Table 4).
- ED50 effective dose that produces 50% reduction over the control response.
- the data is the mean ⁇ SD of the estimate. * Significant differences compared to the theoretical data combination (p ⁇ 0.05) by Student 's test
- the anti-inflammatory actions of amitriptyline have been described that could be relevant in this effect, such as reducing the release of pro atokines.
- inflammatory TNFa and IL-1 b
- peripheral modulation of P2X purinergic receptors TGFa and IL-1 b
- CCI animals show a reduced expression of GDNF and their supply can reduce mechanical allodynia in relation to the pattern of low troflsm of damaged fibers with a decrease in GDNF signaling that protects against phenotypic changes. While the undamaged fibers have a high troflsm pattern with an increase in FNC signaling that is proclient.
- Amitriptyline can increase the synthesis and release of some neurotrophic factors such as GDNF and BDNF that could provide a neuroprotecclone under these conditions, as well as the strengthening of the cannablnolde system that induces paracetamol through CB2 receptors that are expressed primarily in immune cells involved. in the DW process.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical combination of the invention as described above and one or more auxiliary agents.
- the pharmaceutical dosage form of the invention is suitable to be administered orally, intranasally, topically, transdermally or intravenously.
- auxiliary agents for example, transporters, fillers, solvents, solvents, colorants and / or blnders.
- auxiliary agents for example, transporters, fillers, solvents, solvents, colorants and / or blnders.
- the selection of auxiliary agents and the amounts thereof to be used depends, for example, on how the medication is to be administered, either orally, intranasally, topically, transdermally or intravenously.
- the components of the pharmaceutical composition include but are not limited to, Lactose monohydrate, Sodium carboxymethyl starch, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-25, Glycerin, Magnesium stearate, Ethyl alcohol, Talc, Aerosil, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, Eudragit, Polycoat, Triethyl citrate.
- the components of the pharmaceutical composition include but are not limited to: sopropyl myristate, soy lecithin, pluronic 127, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, triethanolamine , carbopol 940, carbopol 934, ethylenediamine tetracetic disodium salt, metabisulfite sodium, propylene glycol, glycerin, heavy liquid petrolatum, methylparaben, propylparaben, polysorbate 80.
- the components of the pharmaceutical composition include but are not limited to: sopropyl myristate, soy lecithin, pluronic 127, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, triethanolamine, carbopol 940, carbopol 934, etllendlamino tetracetlco disodium salt, sodium metablsulflto, propylene glycol, glycerin, heavy liquid petrolatum, methylparaben, propylparaben, polysorbate 80, hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, dlestearyl phosphatol, phosphatyldollate, phosphatyl dltalostelsol, phosphate dylteldyl phosphate dihydrate .
- the rats were placed individually in an open glass cylindrical chamber (34 c 30 x 28 cm). The animals were habituated to the chamber for 20 minutes before the injection and returned to it immediately after the injection for observation. 1 h prior to the formalin injection the animals were gently immobilized for oral administration by gavage of the drugs at different doses or their vehicle according to their assigned group.
- the formalin 50 pL, s.c.
- the behavior of lamldo / bite of the injected leg was recorded using a digital stopwatch as the total time of lamldo / bite (s) for observation periods of 5 minutes for 45 minutes after the injection of formallna.
- the animals were anesthetized with thiopental (50mg / Kg, ip), prior to aseptic and antisepsis of the operative region, the common sciatic nerve was exposed laterally. Proxlmal to its trifurcation, the nerve was released from its tlsular adhesions in a segment of 7 to 10 mm and 3 ligatures (chromed 4-0) were laxly tied around the nerve at intervals of 1 to 1 .5 mm between them. The ligatures were tied at 40X magnification to prevent constriction and arrest of circulation through epineural superficial vascularization. The incision was closed by anatomical planes. We proceeded similarly without running ligation in the case of false animals (Sham) operated (Bennett, GJ and Xie, YK Pain 1988 , 33: 87- 107) ⁇
- the mechanical allodynia of the hind leg was evaluated by the withdrawal of the leg response to the stimulation of von Frey filaments.
- the filaments were applied to the plantar surface of the leg (center) in ascending and descending form as necessary to close the threshold of response. Each filament was applied 5 times, the answer 3 of 5 applications will be considered positive.
- the lowest stimulus intensity corresponded to 0.25g and the maximum to 15g. Based on the response pattern and strength of each filament, 50% of the response threshold in grams was calculated. The animal must have its four legs supported, resting on metal mesh floor) can not be exploring or grooming at the time of measurement, the adaptation period of 5-10 minutes was fulfilled.
- the test consists in evoking the withdrawal response by applying a manual force transducer of the electronic analgesiometer that has a 0.5 mm 2 polypropylene tip. This is applied perpendicularly to the central plantar area of the hind leg with a gradual increase in force. The leg is removed with a characteristic shake, after withdrawal the Intensity of the pressure is recorded electronically. The response value is averaged from three measurements.
- the animal is evaluated before and after the treatments and the results are expressed as difference (D) of the withdrawal threshold in grams by subtraction of the average of the measurements at the different time intervals from the average of the measurements at time 0 ( Cunha, TM et al. 2004. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 37: 401-407).
- Rotating rod test or rota-rod test The device consists of a bar with a diameter of 2.5 cm divided into 4 compartments. The bar rotates at a constant speed of 22 rpm and was evaluated the time it took for the animals to fall from the bar. The animals were evaluated 1 h after delivery. The cut-off time used was 60 seconds. In addition, the tone, posture, righting reflex, corneal, vital signs and general condition of the animal were explored from 30 minutes to 3 hours post-administration of the drugs separately and the combination.
- the corneal and tympanic reflex were explored using the tip of a thin paper to stimulate the cornea or auditory canal and the rapid response of opening and closing of the eyes or mobilization of the ears in normal animals was observed.
- the evaluation of the posture and the reflection of righting was based on the scale of Devor and Zalkind.
- the method is based on the selection of an effect level that is usually 50% of the maximum effect (ED50%), in case this effect is not produced, the ED30 is used, these effects are obtained from the corresponding dose-response curves of each drug administered in 4 doses to the animals.
- An additive combination corresponding to the determined effect is constituted by 2 parts that contribute a fraction of said effect. In this case it was selected that each fraction be 0.5 so that the theoretical DE50 (DE50T) of the combination contains 0.5 of the amitriptyline DE50 and 0.5 of the paracetamol DE50.
- an experimental CDR is created that contains combinations at the established ratio (DE50T) 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 and the experimental DE is calculated, which is statistically compared with the theoretical one.
- the isobologram shows the results in a graph whose coordinates represent the contribution of each drug.
- the line that connects the DE50 of paracetamol and amitriptyline as intercepts contains all possible additive combinations (simple additive line) and the center of that line corresponds to the DE50T of the combination or additive point (Tallarida, RJ 2011. Genes and Cancer 10: 1003-1008; Raffa, RB et al. 2010. J. Pain 11: 701-709).
- the resulting experimental point DE50E is plotted in the Cartesian coordinate system and the region where it is located determines the type of interaction. In the event that the interaction is synergistic, the experimental point is located below the line of additivity. Otherwise, if an antagonistic interaction results, the point will be located on the additive line and if the point is located in a sector close to the additive line, the interaction will be of simple additivity.
- the interaction rate between drugs is calculated according to the following formula: DE50E / DE50T. If the resulting value is less than 1 corresponds to a synergistic interaction; to be equal to 1 the interaction is additive, and if it is greater than 1, it is antagonistic.
- the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the log dose response curves were analyzed by linear regression by minimum squares to determine the DE50 or DE30.
- the statistical parameters related to the isobolograms were calculated using a computer program of the Pharmacobiology Department of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies, South Headquarters, Mexico City.
- the CDR data were compared with their respective controls by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey or Dunnett test to compare the differences with the different treatments.
- ANOVA analysis of variance
- the statistical significance between the DE50 / 30T and the DE50 / 30E was determined by the Student's t-test, considering in all cases the significance at a level of 5% (p ⁇ 0.05) (Argüelles, CF et al. 2002 Anesthesiology 96: 921-5; Caram-Salas, NL et al. 2006. Pharmacology 77: 53-62).
- the animals were sacrificed at 14 days post-ICC for diethyl ether overdose and samples were taken for histopathological study of the sciatic nerve, 5 mm distal to the lesion of the ligation of the injured leg that were stored in fixation solution (formol 10 %) and cut with a thickness of 4pm, the coloring was done with hematoxylin and eosin.
- the procedure was similarly performed with the sciatic nerve sections of the fake animals operated. These were analyzed qualitatively under optical microscopy (20X) to study the changes induced by CCI.
- Vehicle-treated animals show increased relative cellularity with respect to fake animals operated as a result of Schwann cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration, the presence of digestion chambers in Schwann cells with myelin ovoids, alignment disordered axons with loss of myelin sheaths indicators of Wallerian degeneration.
- animals treated with GBP as a positive control show a decrease in these alterations.
- Samples were taken from animals treated with increasing doses of independent drugs and those of the combination (Sudoh, Y. et al. 2004. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 29: 434-40: Debovy, P. 201 1. Annals of Anatomy 193: 267-275).
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AU2019263876A AU2019263876A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | Fixed dose composition of paracetamol: amitriptyline and method for the treatment of mixed cancer pain |
CN201980029184.5A CN112055585A (zh) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | 固定剂量的对乙酰氨基酚:阿米替林组合物和混合型癌症疼痛的治疗方法 |
CA3094488A CA3094488A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | Fixed dose composition of paracetamol: amitriptyline and method for the treatment of mixed cancer pain |
US17/052,578 US11590091B2 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | Fixed dose composition of paracetamol: amitriptyline and method for the treatment of mixed cancer pain |
EP19727583.7A EP3789020A1 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-05-03 | Fixed dose composition of paracetamol: amitriptyline and method for the treatment of mixed cancer pain |
KR1020207034822A KR20210013573A (ko) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | 파라세타몰: 아미트리프틸린의 고정 용량 조성물 및 혼합 암 통증의 치료방법 |
JP2020560464A JP2021521253A (ja) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | パラセタモール:アミトリプチリンの固定用量組成物および混合型がん性疼痛を治療するための方法 |
BR112020019985-0A BR112020019985A2 (pt) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | composição farmacêutica, uso de uma composição farmacêutica, e, kit |
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US11590091B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
EA202092145A1 (ru) | 2021-02-11 |
CU20180037A7 (es) | 2019-12-03 |
JP2021521253A (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
CN112055585A (zh) | 2020-12-08 |
CU24555B1 (es) | 2021-12-08 |
US20210236440A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
CA3094488A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
BR112020019985A2 (pt) | 2021-01-26 |
KR20210013573A (ko) | 2021-02-04 |
CL2020002632A1 (es) | 2021-02-19 |
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AU2019263876A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
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