WO2019210846A1 - 一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统 - Google Patents

一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019210846A1
WO2019210846A1 PCT/CN2019/085142 CN2019085142W WO2019210846A1 WO 2019210846 A1 WO2019210846 A1 WO 2019210846A1 CN 2019085142 W CN2019085142 W CN 2019085142W WO 2019210846 A1 WO2019210846 A1 WO 2019210846A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cracking
flue gas
smelting
circuit board
heavy metal
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/085142
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋珍珍
黎敏
徐小锋
崔沐
陈学刚
邬传谷
李冲
Original Assignee
中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810411604.3A external-priority patent/CN108413412B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810411602.4A external-priority patent/CN108642286B/zh
Application filed by 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
Publication of WO2019210846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019210846A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of processing of circuit boards, and in particular to a method and a processing system for a circuit board.
  • Mechanical decomposition techniques can be easily divided into two major steps: crushing and sorting.
  • Hydrometallurgy is the chemical reaction of a circuit board with a chemical reagent such as oxidation, reduction, neutralization, decomposition, and complexation.
  • the pre-treatment of the waste circuit board is first performed, which is a necessary step before leaching the metal from the waste circuit board, including physical pretreatment and chemical pretreatment.
  • the metal in the board is then leached and settled to finally obtain the desired metal.
  • the main leaching methods are cyanide leaching, thiourea leaching, thiosulfate leaching and halogenated leaching.
  • the hydrometallurgical technology has high corrosiveness and toxicity, large consumption of reagents, high requirements on equipment, and easy secondary pollution.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a processing method and a processing system for a circuit board to solve the problem of large pollution of the circuit board processing technology in the prior art.
  • a method for processing a wiring board which comprises: cracking a circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid residue; and using the cracked flue gas as a heavy metal sludge Part of the fuel in the side blowing smelting process side-smelting the heavy metal sludge.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas is subjected to oil and gas separation to obtain cracking gas and cracking oil, and the cracking oil and natural gas are 1:5-5:4.
  • the volume ratio is mixed as a fuel in the side of the heavy metal sludge side blowing smelting process.
  • the above treatment method further includes a cracking process of returning the cracked gas as a partial fuel to the circuit board.
  • the above treatment method further comprises cooling the solid residue and performing side blow smelting together with the heavy metal sludge.
  • the processing method further includes a process of crushing the circuit board, and preferably the particle size of the broken circuit board is 10 to 50 mm.
  • the above-mentioned circuit board is cracked in a closed environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere; preferably, in the cracking, the residence time of the wiring board is 1 to 2 hours, and the cracking temperature is 450 to 550 °C.
  • the above-mentioned cracking furnace is used to crack the circuit board, and the circuit board is supplied to the cracking furnace by the sealed feeding device, and the sealed feeding device comprises: a feeding tube, the feeding tube is arranged in a zigzag shape, and the discharging tube is provided.
  • a rotary discharge valve is provided; a spiral feed pipe is connected to the discharge pipe and the cracking furnace, and preferably the cracking furnace is a rotary cracking furnace.
  • the treatment method comprises: drying the heavy metal sludge to obtain a dry sludge having a water content of 30 to 45 wt%; mixing and granulating the dry sludge and the activated carbon to obtain Sludge particles, wherein the activated carbon is 5-15% by weight of the dry sludge; the heavy metal sludge is side-blown and smelted in the form of sludge particles, preferably activated carbon is waste activated carbon.
  • the heavy metal sludge is subjected to a side blowing smelting process to generate smelting flue gas, and the treatment method further comprises a process of heat recovery of the smelting flue gas.
  • the above treatment method further comprises the steps of desulfurizing, debromination, out-of-stock and optional dioxin-removing of the heat-recovered flue gas.
  • a processing system for a circuit board comprising: a cracking unit having a cracked flue gas outlet and a slag outlet; a heavy metal sludge supply unit; a side blowing smelting unit having an inlet for the material to be smelted and The side blowing inlet, the cracking flue gas outlet is connected to the side blowing inlet, and the inlet of the smelting material is connected with the heavy metal sludge supply unit.
  • the cracking unit comprises: a cracking furnace, the cracking furnace comprises a cracking chamber and a combustion chamber, and the cracking flue gas outlet and the solids slag outlet are connected to the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber comprises a combustion gas inlet, and preferably the cracking furnace is a rotary cracking furnace
  • the oil and gas separation device is connected with the pyrolysis flue gas outlet to separate the cracked flue gas generated by the cracking unit to obtain pyrolysis oil and cracking gas, and the oil and gas separation device has a cracking oil outlet and a cracking gas outlet, and the cracking oil outlet is connected with the side blowing inlet.
  • cracked gas outlet is connected to the combustion chamber inlet.
  • the above-mentioned slag outlet is connected to the inlet of the material to be smelted.
  • the cracking furnace further comprises: a sealed feeding device connected to the cracking chamber to supply the circuit board to be cracked to the cracking chamber; a sealed discharge device connected to the cracking chamber, and the solid waste outlet is arranged in a sealed manner
  • the sealed discharge device comprises an enclosed sealed discharge pipe and a screw conveyor, and the solid residue outlet is arranged on the screw conveyor, and preferably the screw conveyor is a water-cooled screw conveyor.
  • the sealed feeding device comprises: a cutting tube, the feeding tube is arranged in a zigzag shape, a rotating discharge valve is arranged in the feeding tube; a spiral feeding tube is connected to the lower feeding tube and the cracking chamber.
  • the cracking unit further includes a circuit board breaking device, and the circuit board breaking device is connected to the discharging tube.
  • the above heavy metal sludge supply unit comprises: a drying device having a heavy metal sludge inlet and a dry sludge outlet; a granulation device having a dry sludge inlet and a sludge particle outlet, and mixing the dried sludge and the activated carbon
  • the granules are obtained from sludge particles, the dry sludge inlet is connected to the dry sludge outlet, and the sludge granule outlet is connected to the inlet of the material to be smelted.
  • the side blowing smelting unit further has a smelting flue gas outlet
  • the processing system further comprises a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the smelting flue gas outlet to perform waste heat recovery of the smelting flue gas of the opposite side smelting unit.
  • the waste heat boiler has a low temperature flue gas outlet
  • the processing system further comprises a smelting flue gas treatment unit to perform desulfurization, debromination, off-selling and dioxin removal treatment on the smelting flue gas
  • the flue gas treatment unit comprises sequentially connected The out-of-stock device, the debromination device, the desulfurization device, and the dioxin removal device are connected to the low temperature flue gas outlet.
  • waste heat boiler further has a steam outlet connected to the power generating device.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has a high temperature and contains many organic substances, it has a high heating value, and the circuit board cracking process and the heavy metal sludge side blowing smelting are combined.
  • the cracked flue gas is used as a part of the fuel of the heavy metal sludge side-blown smelting to fully utilize the partial heat value, and at the same time avoids the environmental pollution caused by the efflux of the organic matter, and reduces the side-smelting smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, in which the degree of pollution of the smelting flue gas can be made small by sufficient combustion under oxygen-rich conditions. It can be seen that the processing method of the present application reduces the pollution degree of the circuit board processing in the prior art as a whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of processing a circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a processing system of a circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a cracking unit of a processing system provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present application provides a circuit. Board processing method. As shown in FIG. 1 , the treatment method comprises: cracking the circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid residue; and using the cracked flue gas as a part of the fuel in the heavy metal sludge side blowing and smelting process to perform side blow smelting on the heavy metal sludge. .
  • the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has a high temperature and contains many organic substances, it has a high calorific value, and when the cracking process of the circuit board and the side blowing smelting of the heavy metal sludge are combined, the cracked flue gas is used as the heavy metal.
  • Part of the fuel blown by the side of the sludge further utilizes the partial heating value, while avoiding environmental pollution caused by the efflux of the organic matter, and reducing the side-smelting smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, in which the degree of pollution of the smelting flue gas can be made small by sufficient combustion under oxygen-rich conditions. It can be seen that the processing method of the present application reduces the pollution degree of the circuit board processing in the prior art as a whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas is used as a part of the fuel in the heavy metal sludge side blowing smelting process, and the pyrolysis flue gas is subjected to oil and gas separation to obtain cracking gas and cracking oil, and the cracking oil and natural gas are 1
  • the volume ratio of 5 to 5:4 is mixed and used as a fuel in the process of side-smelting smelting of heavy metal sludge.
  • the pyrolysis oil has a higher content of organic matter, so its calorific value is higher.
  • the combustion efficiency of the fuel is higher, so that the temperature of the side-blown melting pool rapidly reaches 1300 ° C or higher. Effectively separate the slag phase and the metal phase.
  • the pyrolysis gas separated by the pyrolysis flue gas has a high temperature and an extremely low oxygen content, and in order to achieve full utilization thereof, the above treatment method is preferred. It also includes a cracking process that uses cracked gas as part of the fuel return line. The cracked gas is returned to the cracking process as a fuel for combustion to provide heat for cracking.
  • the above treatment method further includes cooling the solid residue and cooperating with the heavy metal sludge. Blowing and melting.
  • the cooled slag and heavy metal sludge are jointly subjected to side smelting to meet the requirements of the molten pool formed by side smelting. Even if the slag production is small, the metal can be recovered in time, and the slag and heavy metal sludge are utilized.
  • the similarity uses side-blow smelting to achieve efficient recovery of metals.
  • the above processing method further includes a process of crushing the circuit board before cracking the circuit board, thereby improving the circuit board during the cracking process. Heating area, which in turn increases its cracking efficiency.
  • the particle diameter of the circuit board after the crushing is preferably 10 to 50 mm.
  • the circuit board is preferably cracked in a closed environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere. Further preferably, in the cracking, the residence time of the circuit board is 1 to 2 h, and the cracking temperature is 450 to 550 ° C, on the one hand, the organic matter in the circuit board can be cracked and volatilized as much as possible, and on the other hand, the metal in the circuit board is dissolved as much as possible. come out.
  • the cracking furnace 13 is a rotary cracking furnace 13.
  • the circuit board is supplied to the cracking furnace 13 by means of a sealed feeder 12 to achieve a closed connection of feed and cracking.
  • the sealed feeding device 12 includes a lower feeding pipe 121 and a spiral feeding pipe 122.
  • the lower feeding pipe 121 is disposed in a zigzag shape, and the lower discharging pipe 121 is provided with a rotary discharging valve; the spiral feeding pipe 122
  • the lowering tube 121 and the cracking furnace 13 are connected.
  • the "Z" shape setting can effectively block the air at the inlet of the lowering tube 121 from entering the cracking furnace 13, and a rotary discharge valve is disposed in the lowering tube 121 to ensure the cutting speed of the lowering tube 121; the spiral feeding tube
  • the 122 screw feeder increases the feed rate.
  • the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge of the present application can be carried out with reference to the prior art.
  • the above treatment method comprises: drying the heavy metal sludge to obtain a water content of 30 to 45 wt%.
  • the dried sludge is mixed and granulated with dry sludge and activated carbon to obtain sludge particles, wherein the activated carbon is 5-15% by weight of the dry sludge; the metal sludge is side-blown and smelted in the form of sludge particles.
  • the dry sludge and the activated carbon are mixed by granulation, and the activated carbon is used as a reducing agent to improve the effect of the activated carbon on the reduction of metal oxides in the heavy metal sludge during the side-blown smelting.
  • the activated carbon is waste activated carbon, which not only functions to reduce metal oxides, but also realizes resource reuse of waste activated carbon of hazardous waste, and further avoids environmental pollution of waste activated carbon.
  • the above heavy metal sludge is subjected to smelting flue gas during the side blowing smelting process, and preferably the above treatment method further comprises a process of heat recovery of the smelting flue gas.
  • the fuel is generally immersed and burned at 1300 ° C or higher, so the temperature of the obtained smelting flue gas is also a high temperature flue gas, and the heat of the part of the smelting flue gas can realize the effective use of heat energy.
  • the recovered waste heat is used to heat the steam for power generation.
  • the above treatment method further comprises a process of desulfurization, debromination, out-of-stock and optional dioxin treatment of the heat-recovered flue gas.
  • a process of desulfurization, debromination, out-of-stock and optional dioxin treatment of the heat-recovered flue gas in order to further meet more stringent environmental requirements, it is preferred that the above treatment method further comprises a process of desulfurization, debromination, out-of-stock and optional dioxin treatment of the heat-recovered flue gas.
  • the side-blown smelting since the cracked flue gas (or pyrolysis oil) and natural gas are sprayed into the molten pool in the side-blown smelting furnace by using a spray gun, immersion combustion is performed at 1300 ° C or higher to provide heat and reduce the generation of dioxins. Therefore, the investment in dioxin facilities can be reduced.
  • the circuit board is crushed and then cracked, and cracked flue gas and solid residue are generated after cracking.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas is separated into oil and gas to obtain pyrolysis oil and cracking gas.
  • the cracking process of the cracked gas returning to the circuit board is used as a fuel, and the solid residue and the heavy metal sludge particles are subjected to side blow smelting together, and the cracked oil enters the side blowing smelting process together with the natural gas.
  • the side-smelting fuel is obtained by side-smelting and smelting to obtain metal and water-crushing slag, and the smelting flue gas generated by side-smelting smelting is used as a heat source for the waste heat boiler.
  • the steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for power generation by the power plant, and the flue gas of the waste heat boiler is further carried out. Drain after purification treatment.
  • the present application also provides a processing system for a circuit board.
  • the treatment system includes a cracking unit 10, a heavy metal sludge supply unit 20, and a side blowing smelting unit 30, and the cracking unit 10 has a cracking flue gas outlet and a slag outlet;
  • the blowing and smelting unit 30 has an inlet for the smelting material and a side blowing inlet, and the cracking flue gas outlet is connected to the side blowing inlet, and the inlet of the smelting material is connected to the heavy metal sludge supply unit 20.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has a high temperature and contains many organic substances, it has a high calorific value, and the cracked flue gas outlet is connected to the side blowing inlet to make the circuit board cracking process and the side blow of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the smelting is combined to use the cracked flue gas as a part of the fuel of the heavy metal sludge side smelting to fully utilize the partial heat value, and at the same time avoid the environmental pollution caused by the efflux of the organic matter, and reduce the side blowing smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the cracking unit 10 includes a cracking furnace 13 and a gas separation unit 14, and the cracking furnace 13 includes a cracking chamber and a combustion chamber, and a cracking flue gas outlet and a slag outlet and a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber includes a combustion gas inlet, and preferably the cracking furnace 13 is a rotary cracking furnace 13; the oil and gas separation device 14 is connected to the cracked flue gas outlet to separate the cracked flue gas generated by the cracking unit 10 to obtain cracking oil and cracking gas.
  • the oil and gas separation device 14 has a cracking oil outlet and a cracking gas outlet, and the cracking oil outlet is connected to the side blowing inlet.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas is separated by oil and gas to obtain cracking gas and cracking oil, and the cracking oil and natural gas are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:5 to 5:4, and then used as a fuel in the side-smelting process of heavy metal sludge.
  • the pyrolysis oil has a higher organic content and therefore has a higher calorific value, and the fuel is more efficiently burned when it is used together with natural gas as a side-blown smelting fuel.
  • the cracked gas outlet is connected to the combustion chamber inlet.
  • the cracked gas is returned to the cracking process for combustion as a fuel to provide heat for the cracking, thereby achieving full utilization of the cracked gas.
  • the solid residue outlet is connected to the inlet of the material to be smelted, preferably the solid residue outlet and the material to be smelted.
  • a cooling device is arranged between them to cool the solid residue.
  • the cooled slag and heavy metal sludge are jointly subjected to side smelting to meet the requirements of the molten pool formed by side smelting. Even if the slag production is small, the metal can be recovered in time, and the slag and heavy metal sludge are utilized. The similarity uses side-blow smelting to achieve efficient recovery of metals.
  • the cracking furnace 13 includes a sealed feed device 12 and a sealed discharge device 15, and the sealed feed device 12 is connected to the cracking chamber for cracking.
  • the circuit board to be cracked is supplied in the chamber; the sealed discharge device 15 is connected to the cracking chamber, and the solid waste outlet is disposed on the sealed discharge device 15, and preferably the sealed discharge device 15 includes the connected sealed discharge tube 151.
  • a screw conveyor 152, the slag outlet is disposed on the screw conveyor 152, and preferably the screw conveyor 152 is a water-cooled screw conveyor. Sealing of the cracking process is achieved by sealing connection of the sealed feed device 12 and the sealed discharge device 15 to the cracking chamber.
  • the sealed feeding device 12 includes a lower feeding tube 121 and a spiral feeding tube 122, and the lower feeding tube 121 is arranged in a zigzag shape.
  • a rotary discharge valve is disposed in the discharge pipe 121; the spiral feed pipe 122 communicates with the lower feed pipe 121 and the cracking chamber.
  • the "Z" shape setting can effectively block the air at the inlet of the lowering tube 121 from entering the cracking furnace 13, and a rotary discharge valve is disposed in the lowering tube 121 to ensure the cutting speed of the lowering tube 121; the spiral feeding tube
  • the 122 screw feeder increases the feed rate.
  • the cracking unit 10 further includes a circuit board breaking device 11 connected to the blanking pipe 121.
  • the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge of the present application can be carried out with reference to the prior art, and preferably, the heavy metal sludge is subjected to drying and granulation treatment before it is sent to the side-blown smelting unit 30, that is, the heavy metal sludge supply unit 20 is preferably used.
  • the utility model comprises a drying device and a granulating device, wherein the drying device dries the heavy metal sludge to obtain a dry sludge, and the granulating device mixes the dry sludge and the activated carbon to obtain sludge particles; the drying device has a heavy metal sludge inlet and a dry sludge.
  • the outlet, the dry sludge inlet is connected to the granulation device, and the sludge particle outlet of the granulation device is connected to the inlet of the material to be smelted.
  • the dry sludge and the waste activated carbon are mixed by granulation, and the effect of the waste activated carbon on the reduction of metal oxides in the heavy metal sludge during the side-blown smelting is improved.
  • the waste activated carbon is used as a reducing agent, which not only functions to reduce metal oxides, but also realizes resource reuse of waste activated carbon of hazardous wastes, and further avoids environmental pollution of waste activated carbon.
  • the heavy metal sludge is subjected to a side blowing smelting process to produce smelting flue gas.
  • the side blowing smelting unit 30 further has a smelting flue gas outlet
  • the processing system further includes a waste heat boiler 40, a waste heat boiler 40 and a smelting flue gas.
  • the gas outlets are connected to recover waste heat from the smelting flue gas of the opposite side blowing and smelting unit 30.
  • the fuel In the side blowing smelting process, the fuel is generally immersed and burned at 1300 ° C or higher, so the temperature of the obtained smelting flue gas is also a high temperature flue gas, and heat can be realized by using the waste heat boiler 40 to heat the part of the smelting flue gas. Effective use.
  • the waste heat boiler 40 further has a steam outlet.
  • the steam outlet is connected to a power generating device to generate electricity by using the heat energy.
  • the waste heat boiler 40 has a low temperature flue gas outlet.
  • the processing system further includes a smelting flue gas treatment unit 50 for desulfurizing and debrominating the smelting flue gas.
  • the above desulfurization, debromination, off-selling and de-dioxin treatment can be separately treated, that is, preferably the flue gas treatment unit comprises a disconnected device, a debromination device, a desulfurization device and two The wicking device is connected to the low temperature flue gas outlet.
  • the waste circuit board is broken into the particle board particles with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 mm, and the heavy metal sludge is dried to a water content of 30 to 45 wt% to obtain a dry sludge, and the dry sludge and the above-mentioned waste activated carbon are mixed and granulated. Get sludge particles.
  • the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1.5 h, the cracking temperature is 550 ° C, and the cracked flue gas and the solid residue are obtained;
  • the cracking gas and the cracking oil are used, and then the sludge oil is side-smelted by using the cracking oil and the natural gas as a fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 5:4, and the temperature of the side blowing melting pool is controlled to be 1300 ° C or higher.
  • Approximately 12,000 t/a of black copper was obtained, and the content of copper in the black copper was detected to be about 73%, that is, the recovery of copper was over 90%.
  • the copper content of the slag can be controlled below 0.9%.
  • the waste circuit board is broken into the particle board particles with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 mm, and the heavy metal sludge is dried to a water content of 30 to 45 wt% to obtain a dry sludge, and the dry sludge and the above-mentioned waste activated carbon are mixed and granulated. Get sludge particles.
  • the cracking unit shown in FIG. 3 is used to crack the above-mentioned circuit board particles, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1 h, the cracking temperature is 550 ° C, and the cracked flue gas and solid residue are obtained; the cracked flue gas is separated into oil and gas to be cracked.
  • the gas and the cracking oil are then subjected to side-blown smelting of the sludge particles by using the cracking oil and the natural gas as a fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 5:3, and controlling the temperature of the side-blown melting pool to be above 1300 °C.
  • About 12,000 t/a of black copper was obtained, and the content of copper in the black copper was about 71%, that is, the recovery of copper reached 90% by weight or more.
  • the copper content of the slag can be controlled to be less than 0.9% by weight.
  • the waste circuit board is broken into the particle board particles with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 mm, and the heavy metal sludge is dried to a water content of 30 to 45 wt% to obtain a dry sludge, and the dry sludge and the above-mentioned waste activated carbon are mixed and granulated. Get sludge particles.
  • the cracking unit shown in FIG. 3 is used to crack the above-mentioned circuit board particles, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1 h, the cracking temperature is 450 ° C, and the cracked flue gas and solid residue are obtained; the cracked flue gas is separated into oil and gas to be cracked.
  • the gas and the cracking oil are then subjected to side-blown smelting of the sludge particles by using the cracking oil and the natural gas as a fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 1:5, and the temperature of the side-blow melting pool is controlled to be 1300 ° C or higher.
  • About 12,000 t/a of black copper is obtained, and the content of copper in the black copper is about 75%, that is, the recovery of copper is more than 90% by weight.
  • the copper content of the slag can be controlled to be less than 0.9% by weight.
  • the waste circuit board is broken into the particle board particles with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 mm, and the heavy metal sludge is dried to a water content of 30 to 45 wt% to obtain a dry sludge, and the dry sludge and the above-mentioned waste activated carbon are mixed and granulated. Get sludge particles.
  • the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1.5 h, the cracking temperature is 450 ° C, and the cracked flue gas and the solid residue are obtained;
  • the cracking gas and the cracking oil are used, and then the sludge oil and the natural gas are used as the fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 2:5 to side-smelt the sludge particles, and the temperature of the side blowing melting pool is controlled to be 1300 ° C or higher.
  • About 12,000 t/a of black copper was obtained, and the content of copper in the black copper was about 73%, that is, the recovery of copper reached 90% by weight or more.
  • the copper content of the slag can be controlled to be less than 0.9% by weight.
  • the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has a high temperature and contains many organic substances, it has a high calorific value, and when the cracking process of the circuit board and the side blowing smelting of the heavy metal sludge are combined, the cracked flue gas is used as the heavy metal.
  • Part of the fuel blown by the side of the sludge further utilizes the partial heating value, while avoiding environmental pollution caused by the efflux of the organic matter, and reducing the side-smelting smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge.
  • the side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, in which the degree of pollution of the smelting flue gas can be made small by sufficient combustion under oxygen-rich conditions. It can be seen that the processing method of the present application reduces the pollution degree of the circuit board processing in the prior art as a whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.

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Abstract

一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统。该处理方法包括：将线路板进行裂解，得到裂解烟气和固渣；以及将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料对重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼。该处理系统包括：裂解单元(10)，具有裂解烟气出口和固渣出口；重金属污泥供应单元(20)；侧吹熔炼单元(30)，具有待熔炼物料进口和侧吹入口，裂解烟气出口与侧吹入口相连，待熔炼物料进口与重金属污泥供应单元(20)相连。由于线路板裂解产生的裂解烟气温度较高且其中含有许多有机物，因此其具有较高的热值，进线路板裂解过程和重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼进行组合时，将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼的部分燃料进而充分利用该部分热值，同时避免了有机物的外排造成的环境污染，而且降低了重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼成本。侧吹熔炼工艺过程可以通过富氧条件下的充分燃烧使得熔炼烟气的污染度较小。

Description

一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及线路板的处理领域，具体而言，涉及一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统。
背景技术
2017年纳入管理目录的14类产品废弃量继续增加，拆解仍以“四机一脑”产品为主，处理量仍保持平稳或小幅增长。处理企业间竞争日益激烈，使得处理企业面临资金运作压力，且行业利润持续下降，小企业难以保持可持续性发展，行业内兼并重组将持续活跃，废弃电器电子产品回收利用产业集中度将进一步提高。废弃电器电子产品处理企业已经由开始以拆解为主，向深加工方向发展，企业将继续探索深加工处理，以充分利用中间产物的附加值，提升企业的竞争能力。现在我国废旧线路板的处理工艺主要是机械分解技术和湿法冶金法。
机械分解技术可以简单的分为两大步骤：破碎和分选。第一，破碎，运用剪切、冲撞、挤压、摩擦和低温等方法，将电路板在破碎设备上进行物理的机械分解。第二，分选，即根据不同材料的在物理性质密度、电磁性的差异，采用重力分选、磁选或电选的方法，将碎片进行分选。该法耗能大、效率较低，且分离过程中会产生有毒有害的气体，对环境造成污染。
湿法冶金法是使电路板与化学试剂发生化学反应例如氧化、还原、中和、分解和络合反应等。首先对废旧电路板进行预处理，预处理是从废旧电路板浸出金属之前的必要步骤，包括物理预处理和化学预处理。再对电路板中的金属进行浸出和沉降，最终得到所需金属。主要的浸出方法氰化浸出、硫脲浸出、硫代硫酸盐浸出和卤代物浸出等。湿法冶金技术腐蚀性和毒性较大，试剂消耗量大，对设备要求高，易造成二次污染。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种线路板的处理方法和处理系统，以解决现有技术中的线路板处理工艺污染大的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种线路板的处理方法，该处理方法包括：将线路板进行裂解，得到裂解烟气和固渣；以及将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料对重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼。
进一步地，上述在将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料之前，对裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，将裂解油和天然气以1：5～5:4的体积比混合后作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的燃料。
进一步地，上述处理方法还包括将裂解气作为部分燃料返回线路板的裂解过程。
进一步地，上述处理方法还包括将固渣降温后与重金属污泥共同进行侧吹熔炼。
进一步地，上述在对线路板进行裂解之前，处理方法还包括将线路板进行破碎的过程，优选破碎后的线路板的粒径为10～50mm。
进一步地，上述在密闭环境中或氮气气氛中将线路板进行裂解；优选裂解中，线路板的停留时间为1～2h，裂解温度为450～550℃。
进一步地，上述采用裂解炉对线路板进行裂解，利用密封式供料装置将线路板供给裂解炉，密封式供料装置包括：下料管，下料管为“之”字形设置，下料管设置有旋转卸料阀；螺旋给料管，连通下料管和裂解炉，优选裂解炉为回转式裂解炉。
进一步地，上述在将重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼之前，处理方法包括：将重金属污泥进行干燥得到含水量在30～45wt％的干燥污泥；对干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒，得到污泥颗粒，其中活性炭为干燥污泥重量的5～15％；重金属污泥以污泥颗粒的形式进行侧吹熔炼，优选活性炭为废活性炭。
进一步地，上述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼过程中产生熔炼烟气，处理方法还包括对熔炼烟气进行热量回收的过程。
进一步地，上述处理方法还包括对热量回收后的烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和可选的除二噁英处理的过程。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种线路板的处理系统，包括：裂解单元，具有裂解烟气出口和固渣出口；重金属污泥供应单元；侧吹熔炼单元，具有待熔炼物料进口和侧吹入口，裂解烟气出口与侧吹入口相连，待熔炼物料进口与重金属污泥供应单元相连。
进一步地，上述裂解单元包括：裂解炉，裂解炉包括裂解室和燃烧室，裂解烟气出口和固渣出口与燃烧室相连通，燃烧室包括具有燃烧气入口，优选裂解炉为回转式裂解炉；油气分离装置，与裂解烟气出口相连对裂解单元产生的裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解油和裂解气，油气分离装置具有裂解油出口和裂解气出口，裂解油出口与侧吹入口相连。
进一步地，上述裂解气出口与燃烧室入口相连。
进一步地，上述固渣出口与待熔炼物料进口相连。
进一步地，上述裂解炉还包括：密封式供料装置，与裂解室相连以向裂解室中供应待裂解的线路板；密封式出料装置，与裂解室相连，固渣出口设置在密封式出料装置上，优选密封式出料装置包括相连的密封式下料溜管和螺旋输送机，固渣出口设置在螺旋输送机上，优选螺旋输送机为水冷螺旋输送机。
进一步地，上述密封式供料装置包括：下料管，下料管为“之”字形设置，下料管中设置有旋转卸料阀；螺旋给料管，连通下料管和裂解室。
进一步地，上述裂解单元还包括线路板破碎装置，线路板破碎装置与下料管相连。
进一步地，上述重金属污泥供应单元包括：干燥装置，具有含重金属污泥进口和干燥污泥出口；造粒装置，具有干燥污泥进口和污泥颗粒出口，将干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒，干燥污泥进口与干燥污泥出口相连，污泥颗粒出口与待熔炼物料进口相连。
进一步地，上述侧吹熔炼单元还具有熔炼烟气出口，处理系统还包括余热锅炉，余热锅炉与熔炼烟气出口相连以对侧吹熔炼单元的熔炼烟气进行余热回收。
进一步地，上述余热锅炉具有低温烟气出口，处理系统还包括熔炼烟气处理单元，以对熔炼烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和除二噁英处理，优选烟气处理单元包括依次相连的脱销装置、脱溴装置、脱硫装置和除二噁英装置，脱销装置与低温烟气出口相连。
进一步地，上述余热锅炉还具有蒸汽出口，蒸汽出口与发电装置相连。
应用本发明的技术方案，由于线路板裂解产生的裂解烟气温度较高且其中含有许多有机物，因此其具有较高的热值，进而线路板裂解过程和重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼进行组合时，将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼的部分燃料进而充分利用该部分热值，同时避免了有机物的外排造成的环境污染，而且降低了重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼成本。重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼工艺属于一种相对较为成熟的工艺，在该工艺过程中可以通过富氧条件下的充分燃烧使得熔炼烟气的污染度较小。由此可见，本申请的处理方法在整体上降低了现有技术中线路板处理的污染程度，同时降低了重金属污泥的燃料消耗成本。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一种优选实施例提供的线路板的处理方法流程示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明一种优选的实施例提供的线路板的处理系统的结构框图；以及
图3示出了根据本发明一种优选的实施例提供的处理系统的裂解单元的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、裂解单元；11、线路板破碎装置；12、密封式供料装置；13、裂解炉；14、油气分离装置；15、密封式出料装置；121、下料管；122、螺旋给料管；151、密封式下料溜管；152、螺旋输送机；20、重金属污泥供应单元；30、侧吹熔炼单元；40、余热锅炉；50、熔炼烟气处理单元。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如本申请背景技术所分析的，现有技术中的各种处理电路板的工艺都会产生有毒有害气体或液体，因此容易造成较为严重的环境污染，为了解决该问题，本申请提供了一种线路板的处理方法。如图1所示，该处理方法包括：将线路板进行裂解，得到裂解烟气和固渣；以及将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料对重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼。
由于线路板裂解产生的裂解烟气温度较高且其中含有许多有机物，因此其具有较高的热值，进而线路板裂解过程和重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼进行组合时，将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼的部分燃料进而充分利用该部分热值，同时避免了有机物的外排造成的环境污染，而且降低了重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼成本。重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼工艺属于一种相对较为成熟的工艺，在该工艺过程中可以通过富氧条件下的充分燃烧使得熔炼烟气的污染度较小。由此可见，本申请的处理方法在整体上降低了现有技术中线路板处理的污染程度，同时降低了重金属污泥的燃料消耗成本。
为了提高裂解烟气的利用效率，优选在将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料之前，对裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，将裂解油和天然气以1：5～5:4的体积比混合后作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的燃料。裂解油中的有机物含量更高，因此其热值更高，在将其和天然气共同作为侧吹熔炼的燃料时，燃料的燃烧效率更高，使得侧吹熔炼熔池温度快速达到1300℃以上，有效实现渣相和金属相的分离。
由于线路板裂解过程一般都是在无氧的高温环境下进行的，因此，裂解烟气分离的裂解气的温度较高、含氧量极低，为了实现对其的充分利用，优选上述处理方法还包括将裂解气作为部分燃料返回线路板的裂解过程。裂解气返回裂解过程作为燃料进行燃烧，为裂解提供热量。
由于裂解产生的固渣以金属为主，且固渣的量相对较少，因此为了提高从固渣中回收金属的效率，优选上述处理方法还包括将固渣降温后与重金属污泥共同进行侧吹熔炼。将降温后的固渣和重金属污泥共同进行侧吹熔炼达到侧吹熔炼形成的熔池的要求，即使固渣产量少也可以及时将其中的金属进行回收，且利用固渣和重金属污泥的相似性采用侧吹熔炼实现了金属的高效回收。
在本申请一种优选的实施例中，为了提高线路板的裂解效率，优选在对线路板进行裂解之前，上述处理方法还包括将线路板进行破碎的过程，从而提高了裂解过程中线路板的受热面积，进而提高其裂解效率。另外为了避免线路板的粒径太小导致随烟气流出，优选上述破碎后的线路板的粒径为10～50mm。
本申请的对线路板进行裂解的具体操作可以参考现有技术，优选地在密闭环境中或氮气气氛中将线路板进行裂解。进一步优选裂解中，线路板的停留时间为1～2h，裂解温度为450～550℃，一方面能够使线路板中的有机物尽可能裂解挥发，另一方面使线路板中的金属尽可能被溶解出来。
为了更好地实现上述线路板裂解中的密闭效果，优选如图3所示，采用裂解炉13对线路板进行裂解，更优选上述裂解炉13为回转式裂解炉13。利用密封式供料装置12将线路板供 给裂解炉13，实现了供料和裂解的密闭衔接。优选地，上述密封式供料装置12包括下料管121和螺旋给料管122，下料管121为“之”字形设置，下料管121中设置有旋转卸料阀；螺旋给料管122连通下料管121和裂解炉13。通过“之”字形设置可以有效地阻断下料管121入口处的空气进入裂解炉13中，且在下料管121中设置旋转卸料阀保证下料管121的下料速度；螺旋给料管122的螺旋给料器提高了给料速度。
本申请的重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼可以参考现有技术实施，优选地，在将重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼之前，上述处理方法包括：将重金属污泥进行干燥得到含水量在30～45wt％的干燥污泥，对干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒，得到污泥颗粒，其中活性炭为干燥污泥重量的5～15％；金属污泥以污泥颗粒的形式进行侧吹熔炼。将干燥污泥和活性炭以造粒的方式进行混合，活性炭作为还原剂提高了侧吹熔炼时活性炭对重金属污泥中金属氧化物还原的效果。同时，优选活性炭为废活性炭，不仅可以起到还原金属氧化物的作用，还可以实现危险废物废活性炭的资源再利用，更避免了废活性炭对环境的污染。
上述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼过程中产生熔炼烟气，优选上述处理方法还包括对熔炼烟气进行热量回收的过程。侧吹熔炼过程中，燃料一般都是在1300℃以上进行浸没燃烧，因此所得到的熔炼烟气的温度也是温度很高的烟气，对该部分熔炼烟气进行热量可以实现热能的有效利用，比如采用回收的余热用于加热蒸汽进而用于发电。
为了进一步满足更为严格的环保要求，优选上述处理方法还包括对热量回收后的烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和可选的除二噁英处理的过程。其中，侧吹熔炼中，由于裂解烟气(或裂解油)和天然气在侧吹熔炼炉中利用喷枪喷入熔池，在1300℃以上进行浸没燃烧，提供热量的同时能够减少二噁英的生成，因此，可降低除二噁英设施的投资。
以下将结合附图，对本申请一种优选的实施例提供的线路板的处理方法进行说明，具体可参考图1，将线路板破碎后进行裂解，裂解后产生裂解烟气和固渣。将裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解油和裂解气，裂解气返回线路板的裂解过程作为燃料使用，固渣和重金属污泥颗粒一起进行侧吹熔炼，裂解油进入侧吹熔炼过程和天然气一起作为侧吹熔炼的燃料，侧吹熔炼后得到金属和水碎渣，侧吹熔炼产生的熔炼烟气进行余热锅炉作为热源，余热锅炉产生的蒸汽用于电厂发电，经过余热锅炉的烟气进行进一步的净化处理后排空。
此外，为了使本领域技术人员更方便地实施上述处理方法，本申请还提供了一种线路板的处理系统。在一种优选的实施方式中，如图2所示，该处理系统包括裂解单元10、重金属污泥供应单元20和侧吹熔炼单元30，裂解单元10具有裂解烟气出口和固渣出口；侧吹熔炼单元30具有待熔炼物料进口和侧吹入口，裂解烟气出口与侧吹入口相连，待熔炼物料进口与重金属污泥供应单元20相连。
由于线路板裂解产生的裂解烟气温度较高且其中含有许多有机物，因此其具有较高的热值，进而将裂解烟气出口与侧吹入口相连使线路板裂解过程和重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼进行组合，将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼的部分燃料进而充分利用该部分热值，同时避免了有机物的外排造成的环境污染，而且降低了重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼成本。重金属污泥的侧吹 熔炼属于一种相对较为成熟的工艺，在该工艺过程中可以通过富氧条件下的充分燃烧使得熔炼烟气的污染度较小。由此可见，本申请的处理系统在整体上降低了现有技术中线路板处理的污染程度，同时降低了重金属污泥的燃料消耗成本。
在一种优选的实施例中，如图3所示，上述裂解单元10包括裂解炉13和油气分离装置14，裂解炉13包括裂解室和燃烧室，裂解烟气出口和固渣出口与燃烧室相连通，燃烧室包括具有燃烧气入口，优选裂解炉13为回转式裂解炉13；油气分离装置14与裂解烟气出口相连对裂解单元10产生的裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解油和裂解气，油气分离装置14具有裂解油出口和裂解气出口，裂解油出口与侧吹入口相连。对裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，将裂解油和天然气以1：5～5:4的体积比混合后作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的燃料。裂解油中的有机物含量更高，因此其热值更高，在将其和天然气共同作为侧吹熔炼的燃料时，燃料的燃烧效率更高。
优选地，上述裂解气出口与燃烧室入口相连。裂解气返回裂解过程作为燃料进行燃烧，为裂解提供热量，实现了对裂解气的充分利用。
由于裂解产生的固渣以金属为主，且固渣的量相对较少，因此为了提高从固渣中回收金属的效率，固渣出口与待熔炼物料进口相连，优选固渣出口与待熔炼物料之间设置有降温装置以对固渣进行降温。将降温后的固渣和重金属污泥共同进行侧吹熔炼达到侧吹熔炼形成的熔池的要求，即使固渣产量少也可以及时将其中的金属进行回收，且利用固渣和重金属污泥的相似性采用侧吹熔炼实现了金属的高效回收。
在本申请另一种优选的实施例中，如图3所示，上述裂解炉13包括密封式供料装置12和密封式出料装置15，密封式供料装置12与裂解室相连以向裂解室中供应待裂解的线路板；密封式出料装置15与裂解室相连，固渣出口设置在密封式出料装置15上，优选密封式出料装置15包括相连的密封式下料溜管151和螺旋输送机152，固渣出口设置在螺旋输送机152上，优选螺旋输送机152为水冷螺旋输送机。通过上述密封式供料装置12和密封式出料装置15与裂解室进行密封连接，实现了裂解过程的密封。
为了更好地实现上述线路板裂解中的密闭效果，优选如图3所示，密封式供料装置12包括下料管121和螺旋给料管122，下料管121为“之”字形设置，下料管121中设置有旋转卸料阀；螺旋给料管122连通下料管121和裂解室。通过“之”字形设置可以有效地阻断下料管121入口处的空气进入裂解炉13中，且在下料管121中设置旋转卸料阀保证下料管121的下料速度；螺旋给料管122的螺旋给料器提高了给料速度。
进一步地，为了提高线路板的裂解效率，优选如图3所示，上述裂解单元10还包括线路板破碎装置11，线路板破碎装置11与下料管121相连。
本申请的重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼可以参考现有技术实施，优选地，在将重金属污泥送入侧吹熔炼单元30之前对其进行干燥和造粒处理，即优选重金属污泥供应单元20包括干燥装置和造粒装置，干燥装置将重金属污泥进行干燥得到干燥污泥，造粒装置将干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒；干燥装置具有重金属污泥进口和干燥污泥出口，干燥污泥进 口与造粒装置相连，造粒装置的污泥颗粒出口与待熔炼物料进口相连。将干燥污泥和废活性炭以造粒的方式进行混合，提高了侧吹熔炼时废活性炭对重金属污泥中金属氧化物还原的效果。同时，优选废活性炭为还原剂，不仅可以起到还原金属氧化物的作用，还可以实现危险废物废活性炭的资源再利用，更避免了废活性炭对环境的污染。上述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼过程中产生熔炼烟气，优选如图2所示，上述侧吹熔炼单元30还具有熔炼烟气出口，该处理系统还包括余热锅炉40，余热锅炉40与熔炼烟气出口相连以对侧吹熔炼单元30的熔炼烟气进行余热回收。侧吹熔炼过程中，燃料一般都是在1300℃以上进行浸没燃烧，因此所得到的熔炼烟气的温度也是温度很高的烟气，利用余热锅炉40对该部分熔炼烟气进行热量可以实现热能的有效利用。上述余热锅炉40还具有蒸汽出口，比如优选上述蒸汽出口与发电装置相连，以利用该热能进行发电。
为了进一步满足更为严格的环保要求，优选上述余热锅炉40具有低温烟气出口，如图2所示，上述处理系统还包括熔炼烟气处理单元50，以对熔炼烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和除二噁英处理，进一步地，上述脱硫、脱溴、脱销和除二噁英处理可以分开处理，即优选烟气处理单元包括依次相连的脱销装置、脱溴装置、脱硫装置和除二噁英装置，脱销装置与低温烟气出口相连。
以下将结合实施例和对比例，进一步说明上述技术方案的有益效果。
实施例1
25万t/a含水约75％的重金属污泥，干基含铜约15wt％，搭配1.5万t/a废活性炭、2万t/a废线路板采用如下过程进行处理：
将废线路板破碎成粒径为10～50mm的线路板颗粒，将重金属污泥干燥至含水量在30～45wt％之间，得到干燥污泥，对干燥污泥和上述废活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒。利用图3所示的裂解单元对上述线路板颗粒进行裂解，其中线路板颗粒的停留时间为1.5h，裂解温度为550℃，得到裂解烟气和固渣；将上述裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，然后将裂解油和天然气以5:4的体积比作为上述污泥颗粒的燃料对污泥颗粒进行侧吹熔炼，控制侧吹熔炼熔池温度在1300℃以上。得到约1.2万t/a黑铜，经检测黑铜中铜的含量约为73％，即铜的回收率达到90％以上。渣含铜量可控制在0.9％以下。
实施例2
25万t/a含水约75％的重金属污泥，干基含铜约15wt％，搭配1.5万t/a废活性炭、2万t/a废线路板采用如下过程进行处理：
将废线路板破碎成粒径为10～50mm的线路板颗粒，将重金属污泥干燥至含水量在30～45wt％之间，得到干燥污泥，对干燥污泥和上述废活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒。利用图3所示的裂解单元对上述线路板颗粒进行裂解，其中线路板颗粒的停留时间为1h，裂解温度为550℃，得到裂解烟气和固渣；将上述裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，然后将裂解油和天然气以5:3的体积比作为上述污泥颗粒的燃料对污泥颗粒进行侧吹熔炼，控制 侧吹熔炼熔池温度在1300℃以上。得到约1.2万t/a黑铜，经检测黑铜中铜的含量约为71％，即铜的回收率达到90wt％以上。渣含铜量可控制在0.9wt％以下。
实施例3
25万t/a含水约75％的重金属污泥，干基含铜约15wt％，搭配1.5万t/a废活性炭、2万t/a废线路板采用如下过程进行处理：
将废线路板破碎成粒径为10～50mm的线路板颗粒，将重金属污泥干燥至含水量在30～45wt％之间，得到干燥污泥，对干燥污泥和上述废活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒。利用图3所示的裂解单元对上述线路板颗粒进行裂解，其中线路板颗粒的停留时间为1h，裂解温度为450℃，得到裂解烟气和固渣；将上述裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，然后将裂解油和天然气以1:5的体积比作为上述污泥颗粒的燃料对污泥颗粒进行侧吹熔炼，控制侧吹熔炼熔池温度在1300℃以上。得到约1.2万t/a黑铜，经检测黑铜中铜的含量约为75％，即铜的回收率达到90wt％以上。渣含铜量可控制在0.9wt％以下。
实施例4
25万t/a含水约75％的重金属污泥，干基含铜约15wt％，搭配1.5万t/a废活性炭、2万t/a废线路板采用如下过程进行处理：
将废线路板破碎成粒径为10～50mm的线路板颗粒，将重金属污泥干燥至含水量在30～45wt％之间，得到干燥污泥，对干燥污泥和上述废活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒。利用图3所示的裂解单元对上述线路板颗粒进行裂解，其中线路板颗粒的停留时间为1.5h，裂解温度为450℃，得到裂解烟气和固渣；将上述裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，然后将裂解油和天然气以2:5的体积比作为上述污泥颗粒的燃料对污泥颗粒进行侧吹熔炼，控制侧吹熔炼熔池温度在1300℃以上。得到约1.2万t/a黑铜，经检测黑铜中铜的含量约为73％，即铜的回收率达到90wt％以上。渣含铜量可控制在0.9wt％以下。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
由于线路板裂解产生的裂解烟气温度较高且其中含有许多有机物，因此其具有较高的热值，进而线路板裂解过程和重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼进行组合时，将裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼的部分燃料进而充分利用该部分热值，同时避免了有机物的外排造成的环境污染，而且降低了重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼成本。重金属污泥的侧吹熔炼工艺属于一种相对较为成熟的工艺，在该工艺过程中可以通过富氧条件下的充分燃烧使得熔炼烟气的污染度较小。由此可见，本申请的处理方法在整体上降低了现有技术中线路板处理的污染程度，同时降低了重金属污泥的燃料消耗成本。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种线路板的处理方法，其特征在于，所述处理方法包括：
    将所述线路板进行裂解，得到裂解烟气和固渣；以及
    将所述裂解烟气作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料对所述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，在将所述裂解烟气作为所述重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的部分燃料之前，对所述裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解气和裂解油，将所述裂解油和天然气以1:5～5:4的体积比混合后作为重金属污泥侧吹熔炼过程中的燃料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述处理方法还包括将所述裂解气作为部分燃料返回所述线路板的裂解过程。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述处理方法还包括将所述固渣降温后与重金属污泥共同进行侧吹熔炼。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的处理方法，其特征在于，在对所述线路板进行裂解之前，所述处理方法还包括将所述线路板进行破碎的过程，优选破碎后的所述线路板的粒径为10～50mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，在密闭环境中或氮气气氛中将所述线路板进行裂解；优选所述裂解中，所述线路板的停留时间为1～2h，裂解温度为450～550℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，采用裂解炉(13)对所述线路板进行裂解，利用密封式供料装置(12)将所述线路板供给所述裂解炉(13)，所述密封式供料装置(12)包括：
    下料管(121)，所述下料管(121)为“之”字形设置，所述下料管(121)中设置有旋转卸料阀；
    螺旋给料管(122)，连通所述下料管(121)和所述裂解炉(13)，优选所述裂解炉(13)为回转式裂解炉(13)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，在将所述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼之前，所述处理方法包括：
    将所述重金属污泥进行干燥得到含水量在30～45wt％的干燥污泥；
    对所述干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒，得到污泥颗粒，其中所述活性炭为所述干燥污泥重量的5～15％；
    所述重金属污泥以所述污泥颗粒的形式进行侧吹熔炼，优选所述活性炭为废活性炭。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述重金属污泥进行侧吹熔炼过程中产生熔炼烟气，所述处理方法还包括对所述熔炼烟气进行热量回收的过程。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述处理方法还包括对热量回收后的烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和可选的除二噁英处理的过程。
  11. 一种线路板的处理系统，其特征在于，包括：
    裂解单元(10)，具有裂解烟气出口和固渣出口；
    重金属污泥供应单元(20)；
    侧吹熔炼单元(30)，具有待熔炼物料进口和侧吹入口，所述裂解烟气出口与所述侧吹入口相连，所述待熔炼物料进口与所述重金属污泥供应单元(20)相连。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述裂解单元(10)包括：
    裂解炉(13)，所述裂解炉(13)包括裂解室和燃烧室，所述裂解烟气出口和所述固渣出口与所述燃烧室相连通，所述燃烧室包括具有燃烧气入口，优选所述裂解炉(13)为回转式裂解炉(13)；
    油气分离装置(14)，与所述裂解烟气出口相连对裂解单元(10)产生的裂解烟气进行油气分离得到裂解油和裂解气，所述油气分离装置(14)具有裂解油出口和裂解气出口，所述裂解油出口与所述侧吹入口相连。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述裂解气出口与所述燃烧室入口相连。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述固渣出口与所述待熔炼物料进口相连。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述裂解炉(13)还包括：
    密封式供料装置(12)，与所述裂解室相连以向所述裂解室中供应待裂解的线路板；
    密封式出料装置(15)，与所述裂解室相连，所述固渣出口设置在所述密封式出料装置(15)上，优选所述密封式出料装置(15)包括相连的密封式下料溜管(151)和螺旋输送机(152)，所述固渣出口设置在所述螺旋输送机(152)上，优选所述螺旋输送机(152)为水冷螺旋输送机。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述密封式供料装置(12)包括：
    下料管(121)，所述下料管(121)为“之”字形设置，所述下料管(121)中设置有旋转卸料阀；
    螺旋给料管(122)，连通所述下料管(121)和所述裂解室。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述裂解单元(10)还包括线路板破碎装置(11)，所述线路板破碎装置(11)与所述下料管(121)相连。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述重金属污泥供应单元(20)包括：
    干燥装置，具有含重金属污泥进口和干燥污泥出口；
    造粒装置，具有干燥污泥进口和污泥颗粒出口，将所述干燥污泥和活性炭进行混合造粒得到污泥颗粒，所述干燥污泥进口与所述干燥污泥出口相连，所述污泥颗粒出口与所述待熔炼物料进口相连。
  19. 根据权利要求11所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述侧吹熔炼单元(30)还具有熔炼烟气出口，所述处理系统还包括余热锅炉(40)，所述余热锅炉(40)与所述熔炼烟气出口相连以对所述侧吹熔炼单元(30)的熔炼烟气进行余热回收。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述余热锅炉(40)具有低温烟气出口，所述处理系统还包括熔炼烟气处理单元(50)，以对所述熔炼烟气进行脱硫、脱溴、脱销和除二噁英处理，优选所述烟气处理单元包括依次相连的脱销装置、脱溴装置、脱硫装置和除二噁英装置，所述脱销装置与所述低温烟气出口相连。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的处理系统，其特征在于，所述余热锅炉(40)还具有蒸汽出口，所述蒸汽出口与发电装置相连。
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