Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
  • B65D3/28—Other details of walls
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/10—Packing paper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
  • B65D25/14—Linings or internal coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
  • B65D3/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by shape
  • B65D3/06—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by shape essentially conical or frusto-conical
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
  • B65D3/10—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by form of integral or permanently secured end closure
  • B65D3/12—Flanged discs permanently secured, e.g. by adhesives or by heat-sealing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
  • D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
  • D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
  • D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate

Definitions

• This application relates to heat-sealable paperboard structures and, more
• containers such as beverage containers and the like, manufactured using heat- sealable paperboard structures.
• Paperboard is used in various applications.
• coated paperboard is commonly used to manufacture various containers used in retail environments, such as beverage containers (e.g., cups), food serving containers (e.g., ice cream cups), food packaging containers (e.g., microwaveable trays) and the like. Therefore, the ability to print high-quality text and/or graphics on such containers is an important consideration for many in the industry.
• Containers intended to hold beverages whether cold beverages (e.g., iced soft- drinks or iced tea) or hot beverages (e.g., coffee or tea), present additional considerations.
• Cold beverages are typically served with ice and, due to humidity in the ambient air, can result in the formation of water droplets (i.e., condensation) on the external surface of the container.
• condensation if absorbed by the container, may compromise the structural integrity of the container.
• Extrusion polyethylene (PE) coated paperboard has dominated the paperboard stock used for paper or paperboard cups, with the PE layer providing not only excellent barrier to liquid such as water or beverage but also robust heat-sealability under a broad operating window.
• Paperboard coated with PE on both sides or only one side are being used in cups for cold beverage, ice cream, or hot drinks.
• gloss-finished PE coating layer provides higher quality print on the external side of the cups.
• PE coated cups are not easily recycled due to the difficulties in separating the polyethylene layer from the fiber substrate, which has become an increasing concern on its environmental impact.
• the barrier coatings cannot stand the temperature for calendering that is usually used to smoothen the coating surface.
• a paperboard structure that includes a paperboard substrate having a first major side and a second major side, a barrier coating layer on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, a top coat on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, wherein the barrier coating layer is positioned between the paperboard substrate and the top coat, and a heat-sealable barrier coating layer on the second major side of the paperboard substrate.
• a container that include a side wall having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, the side wall being formed from a paperboard structure that includes a paperboard substrate having a first major side and a second major side, a barrier coating layer on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, a top coat on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, wherein the barrier coating layer is positioned between the paperboard substrate and the top coat, the top coat defining an exterior surface of the side wall, and a heat-sealable barrier coating layer on the second major side of the paperboard substrate, the heat-sealable barrier coating layer defining an interior surface of the side wall, and a bottom wall connected to the lower end portion of the side wall.
• a method for manufacturing a container that includes steps of (1) cutting a paperboard structure to yield a blank having a first end opposed from a second end, the paperboard structure including a paperboard substrate having a first major side and a second major side, a barrier coating layer on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, a top coat on the first major side of the paperboard substrate, wherein the barrier coating layer is positioned between the paperboard substrate and the top coat, and a heat-sealable barrier coating layer on the second major side of the paperboard substrate; (2) wrapping the blank around a mandrel; (3) heat-sealing the first end of the blank to the second end of the blank, thereby yielding a side wall having an upper end portion and a lower end portion; and (4) connecting a bottom wall to the lower end portion of the side wall.
• FIG. 1 is an elevational view, in section, of one aspect of the disclosed paperboard- based container
• FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the paperboard-based container of Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a plan view a die-cut blank that may be wrapped around a mandrel to form the side wall of the paperboard-based container of Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the heat-sealable paperboard structure forming the side wall of the paperboard-based container of Fig. 1;
• Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a heat-sealable paperboard structure that may be used as an alternative to the heat-sealable paperboard structure shown in Fig. 4;
• Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the paperboard structure forming the bottom wall of the paperboard-based container of Fig. 1;
• Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a paperboard structure that may be used as one alternative to the paperboard structure shown in Fig. 6;
• Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a paperboard structure that may be used as another alternative to the paperboard structure shown in Fig. 6;
• Fig. 9 is an illustration of a device for testing blocking of coated paperboard samples.
• a paperboard-based container having an exterior surface with high water barrier properties and excellent printability (smoothness) can be achieved by positioning the barrier coating layer on the exterior side of the underlying paperboard substrate, which has traditionally formed the exterior surface of the container, beneath a lower-binder, calenderable, printable top coat (i.e., the barrier coating layer is positioned between the paperboard substrate and the top coat).
• Heat-sealability is provided by a heat-sealable barrier coating layer defining the interior surface of the container.
• Such a container may be particularly well-suited for holding cold beverages (e.g., iced soft-drinks) and/or cold foodstuffs (e.g., ice cream).
• one aspect of the disclosed paperboard-based container may include a side wall 12 having an upper end portion 14 and a lower end portion 16, and a bottom wall 18 connected (e.g., heat-sealed) to the lower end portion 16 of the side wall 12, thereby defining an internal volume 20 within the container 10.
• the upper end portion 14 of the side wall 12 may define an opening 22 into the internal volume 20.
• the upper end portion 14 of the side wall 12 may additionally include a lip 24 (e.g., a rolled lip), such as for securing a lid (not shown) or the like to the container 10
• a tall cup e.g., a l2-ounce, l6-ounce,
• 21 -ounce or 24-ounce disposable take-out cup having a frustoconical side wall 12
• the disclosed container 10 may be formed in various shapes, sizes and configurations, and may be formed with fewer or more walls than the side and bottom walls 12, 18 discussed above, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
• the side wall 12 of the container 10 may be assembled from a blank 30 (Fig. 3) that has been cut to the desired silhouette and then wrapped around a mandrel (not shown). While the blank 30 is wrapped around the mandrel, the first end 32 of the blank 30 overlaps a second end 34 of the blank 30, and the overlapping ends 32, 34 may be connected (e.g., by heat-sealing), thereby defining a seam 36 that extends from the upper end portion 14 to the lower end portion 16 of the side wall 12.
• the bottom wall 18 may be connected (e.g., heat-sealed) to the lower end portion 16 of the side wall 12, thereby yielding the container 10.
• the side wall 12 of the container 10 may be formed from a paperboard structure 40 having a first major surface 42 and a second major surface 44.
• the first major surface 42 of the paperboard structure 40 may correspond to the exterior surface 26 of the container 10.
• the second major surface 44 of the paperboard structure 40 may correspond to the interior surface 28 of the container 10.
• the paperboard structure 40 may be a layered structure that includes a paperboard substrate 46 having a first major side 48 and a second major side 50.
• a barrier coating layer 52 and a top coat 54 may be applied to the first major side 48 of the paperboard substrate 46.
• the barrier coating layer 52 may be positioned between the top coat 54 and the paperboard substrate 46.
• the top coat 54 may define the first major surface 42 of the paperboard structure 40 and, thus, the exterior surface 26 of the container 10.
• a heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied to the second major side 50 of the paperboard substrate 46.
• the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may define the second major surface 44 of the paperboard structure 40 and, thus, the interior surface 28 of the container 10.
• the paperboard structure 40 may include a basecoat 45 between the paperboard substrate 46 ' and the barrier coating layer 52 ' .
• the paperboard structure 40 ' may include a basecoat 47 between the paperboard substrate 46' and the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56'.
• the paperboard structure 40' may include a first basecoat 45 between the paperboard substrate 46' and the barrier coating layer 52' and a second basecoat 47 between the paperboard substrate 46' and the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56'.
• the paperboard substrate 46 of the paperboard structure 40 may be (or may include) any cellulosic material that is capable of being coated with the barrier coating layer 52, the top coat 54 and the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56.
• the paperboard substrate 46 may be bleached or unbleached. Examples of appropriate paperboard substrates include corrugating medium, linerboard, solid bleached sulfate (SBS) and coated unbleached kraft.
• the paperboard substrate 46 may have an uncoated basis weight of at least about 40 pounds per 3000 ft 2 . In one expression the paperboard substrate 46 may have an uncoated basis weight ranging from about 40 pounds per 3000 ft 2 to about 300 pounds per 3000 ft 2 . In another expression the paperboard substrate 46 may have an uncoated basis weight ranging from about 85 pounds per 3000 ft 2 to about 300 pounds per 3000 ft 2 . In another expression the paperboard substrate 46 may have an uncoated basis weight ranging from about 85 pounds per 3000 ft 2 to about 250 pounds per 3000 ft 2 . In yet another expression the paperboard substrate 46 may have an uncoated basis weight ranging from about 100 pounds per 3000 ft 2 to about 250 pounds per 3000 ft 2 .
• the paperboard substrate 46 may have a caliper (thickness) ranging, for example, from about 4 points to about 30 points (0.004 inch to 0.030 inch). In one expression, the caliper range is from about 8 points to about 24 points. In another expression, the caliper range is from about 13 points to about 18 points.
• a suitable paperboard substrate 46 is 13 -point SBS cupstock manufactured by WestRock Company of Atlanta, Georgia. Another specific, nonlimiting example of a suitable paperboard substrate 46 is 18-point SBS cupstock manufactured by WestRock Company.
• the barrier coating layer 52 may be applied to the first major side 48 of the paperboard substrate 46 using any suitable method, such as one or more coaters either on the paper machine or as off-machine coater(s).
• the barrier coating layer 52 may be applied to the paperboard substrate 46 at various coat weights. In one expression, the barrier coating layer 52 may be applied at a coat weight of about 2 to 20 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In one expression, the barrier coating layer 52 may be applied at a coat weight of about 5 to 16 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In another expression, the barrier coating layer 52 may be applied at a coat weight of about 8 to 12 pounds per 3,000 square feet.
• the barrier coating layer 52 may include a binder and a pigment.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment can be at least about 1 :2 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment can be about 1 :2 to about 9: 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment can be about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment can be at least about 1 : 1 by weight.
• the binder of the barrier coating layer 52 may be an aqueous binder.
• the binder may be styrene-acrylate (SA).
• the binder may be a mixture of binders that includes styrene-acrylate (SA).
• SA styrene-acrylate
• binders Several specific, non-limiting examples of suitable binders are presented in Table 2.
• Other aqueous binders are also contemplated, such as styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl acrylic, polyester dispersion, and combinations thereof.
• the pigment component of the barrier coating layer 52 may be (or may include) various materials. Several non-limiting examples of suitable pigments are presented in Table 1. Other pigments, such as plastic pigments, titanium dioxide pigment, talc pigment and the like, may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
• the pigment component of the barrier coating layer 52 may be a clay pigment.
• the clay pigment may be kaolin clay, such as a fine kaolin clay.
• the clay pigment may be platy clay, such as a high aspect ratio platy clay (e.g., aspect ratio of at least 40: 1).
• the pigment component of the barrier coating layer 52 may be a calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) pigment.
• the CaC0 3 pigment can be a coarse ground CaC0 3 with a particle size distribution wherein about 60 percent of the particles are less than 2 microns.
• the CaC0 3 pigment can be a fine ground CaC0 3 with a particle size distribution wherein about 90 percent of the particles are less than 2 microns.
• the CaCCfi pigment can be a fine ground CaCCfi with a mean particle size of about 0.4 microns.
• the pigment component of the barrier coating layer 52 may be a pigment blend that includes both calcium carbonate pigment and clay pigment.
• the top coat 54 may be applied to the barrier coating layer 52 using any suitable method, such as one or more coaters either on the paper machine or as off-machine coater(s).
• the top coat 54 may be applied to the barrier coating layer 52 at various coat weights. In one expression, the top coat 54 may be applied at a coat weight of about 1 to 10 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In another expression, the top coat 54 may be applied at a coat weight of about 2 to 8 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In yet another expression, the top coat 54 may be applied at a coat weight of about 3 to 6 pounds per 3,000 square feet.
• the top coat 54 may include a binder and a pigment.
• the pigments and binders useful for the barrier coating layer 52 may also be used in the top coat 54.
• the binder-to-pigment ratio of the top coat 54 may be significantly different from the binder-to- pigment ratio of the barrier coating layer 52.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the top coat 54 can be about 1 : 1 to about 1 : 10 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the top coat 54 can be about 1 :2 to about 1 :8 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the top coat 54 can be about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :5 by weight.
• the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied to the second major side 50 of the paperboard substrate 46 using any suitable method, such as one or more coaters either on the paper machine or as off-machine coater(s).
• the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be heat-sealable. When heated, a heat-seal coating provides an adhesion to other regions of product with which it contacts.
• the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied to the paperboard substrate 46 at various coat weights. In one expression, the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied at a coat weight of about 2 to 20 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In another expression, the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied at a coat weight of about 5 to 16 pounds per 3,000 square feet. In yet another expression, the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may be applied at a coat weight of about 8 to 12 pounds per 3,000 square feet. [0044] The heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 may include a binder and a pigment. The pigments and binders useful for the barrier coating layer 52 may also be used in the heat- sealable barrier coating layer 56.
• the heat-sealable barrier coating layer 56 will require a certain minimum amount of binder to be heat-sealable.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the heat-sealable barrier coating 56 can be at least about 1 : 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the heat-sealable barrier coating 56 can be at least about 2: 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the heat-sealable barrier coating 56 can be at least about 3 : 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the heat-sealable barrier coating 56 can be about 1 :2 to about 9: 1 by weight.
• the ratio of the binder to the pigment in the heat-sealable barrier coating 56 can be about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1 by weight. In yet another expression, the ratio of the binder to the pigment can be at least about 1 : 1 by weight.
• the bottom wall 18 of the container 10 may be formed from a paperboard structure, such as the paperboard structure 40 shown in Fig. 4 or the paperboard structure 40' shown in Fig. 5.
• various other paperboard structures may be used to form the bottom wall 18, such as when printability of the bottom wall 18 is of little or no concern.
• the bottom wall 18 (Fig. 1) of the container 10 may be formed from a paperboard structure 70 that includes a paperboard substrate 72 having a first major side 74 and a second major side 76.
• a single barrier coating layer 78 may be applied to the first major side 74 of the paperboard substrate 72.
• the bottom wall 18 (Fig. 1) of the container 10 may be formed from a paperboard structure 80 that includes a paperboard substrate 82 having a first major side 84 and a second major side 86.
• a first barrier coating layer 88 may be applied to the first major side 84 of the paperboard substrate 82 and a second barrier coating layer 90 may be applied to the second major side 86 of the paperboard substrate 82.
• the paperboard structure 80' may include a first basecoat 92 between the paperboard substrate 82' and the first barrier coating layer 88' and/or a second basecoat 94 between the paperboard substrate 82' and the second barrier coating layer 90'.
• a top coat over the barrier coating layer of a paperboard structure provides a smooth, printable surface, as evidenced by the Parker Print Surface (PPS-10S) smoothness results measured according to TAPPI standard T555. All examples exhibited PPS smoothness of less than 4 microns and, indeed, less than 3 microns, with many examples exhibiting a PPS smoothness of less than 2.5 microns. Comparative Examples 1, 4, 7 and 12, which did not receive the top coat formulation, exhibited PPS smoothness of greater than 4 microns, which is not sufficient for high quality printing.
• the coated samples 7 to 16 were also printed on a Harper Phantom QDTM Flexo Proofing System from Harper Corporation using a 2.5 bcm anilox roll with a blue flexo ink.
• ink density was measured on an X-Rite 500 series equipment. The results showed TC-l and TC-5, with an ink density value higher than 1.5, outperformed TC-3 and TC-4. As a reference, ink density of 1.68 was measured on a commercial SBS print grade manufactured by WestRock Company.
• the examples In addition to high smoothness (printability), the examples also surprisingly exhibited excellent barrier properties, as evidenced by the 30-minute-water-Cobb results. For most cases, the additional layer of top coat improved or at least maintained the water barrier properties of the underneath barrier coating layer. All examples had 30-minute-water-Cobb ratings of less than 30 g/m 2 , with many below 20 g/m 2 and several below 10 g/m 2 .
• the blocking rating (50°C/60psi/24hrs), was less than 3.0 for all examples, indeed less than 2.0, and less than 1.0 for many examples.
• the additional top coat layer significantly reduced the blocking rating (i.e., from 1.5-1.8 to 0.2-0.3) over the corresponding samples with only the barrier coating layer.
• Table 7 defines the blocking test rating system.
• the test device 200 includes a frame 210.
• An adjustment knob 212 is attached to a screw 214 which is threaded through the frame top 216.
• the lower end of screw 214 is attached to a plate 218 which bears upon a heavy coil spring 220.
• the lower end of the spring 220 bears upon a plate 222 whose lower surface 224 has an area of one square inch.
• a scale 226 enables the user to read the applied force (which is equal to the pressure applied to the stack of samples through the one-square-inch lower surface 224).
• the stack 250 of samples is placed between lower surface 224 and the frame bottom 228.
• the knob 212 is tightened until the scale 226 reads the desired force of 100 lbf (100 psi applied to the samples) or 60 lbf (60 psi applied to the samples).
• the entire device 200 including samples is then placed in an oven at 50 °C for 24 hours.
• the device 200 is then removed from the test environment and cooled to room temperature. The pressure is then released, and the samples removed from the device.
• samples 252(0)/254(0) might be representative of a“0” rating (no blocking).
• the circular shape in the samples indicates an approximate area that was under pressure, for instance about one square inch of the overall sample.
• Samples 252(3 )/254(3) might be representative of a“3” blocking rating, with up to 25% fiber tear in the area that was under pressure, particularly in the uncoated surface of sample 254(3).
• Samples 252(4)/254(4) might be representative of a“4” blocking rating with more than 25% fiber tear, particularly in the uncoated surface of sample 254(4).
• the depictions in Fig. 9 are only meant to approximately suggest the percent damage to such test samples, rather than showing a realistic appearance of the samples.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Cartons (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-04-22 CN CN201980042681.9A patent/CN112352079A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-04-22 BR BR112020021027-7A patent/BR112020021027A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2019-04-22 CA CA3098487A patent/CA3098487A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-04-22 US US16/390,491 patent/US11377251B2/en active Active
  • 2019-04-22 JP JP2020560145A patent/JP2021522420A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2019-04-22 WO PCT/US2019/028521 patent/WO2019209720A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2019-04-22 EP EP19727129.9A patent/EP3784833B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 2019-04-22 MX MX2020010894A patent/MX2020010894A/es unknown
  • 2019-04-22 ES ES19727129T patent/ES2972129T3/es active Active
  • 2019-04-22 EP EP23220519.5A patent/EP4328379A3/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2022
  • 2022-06-03 US US17/831,896 patent/US11787592B2/en active Active
• 2023
  • 2023-09-05 US US18/460,910 patent/US20230415949A1/en not_active Abandoned

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