WO2019209162A1 - Procédé et système de détermination et de réduction d'un risque de formation de dépôts solides - Google Patents

Procédé et système de détermination et de réduction d'un risque de formation de dépôts solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019209162A1
WO2019209162A1 PCT/SE2019/050365 SE2019050365W WO2019209162A1 WO 2019209162 A1 WO2019209162 A1 WO 2019209162A1 SE 2019050365 W SE2019050365 W SE 2019050365W WO 2019209162 A1 WO2019209162 A1 WO 2019209162A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
reducing agent
evaporation unit
model
formation
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PCT/SE2019/050365
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David TEMPELMANN
Henrik BIRGERSSON
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2019209162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019209162A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determination of a formation of solid deposits, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a method for
  • the present invention also relates to a system arranged for determination of a formation of solid deposits, according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • the present invention also relates to a control system arranged for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program and a computer-readable medium, which
  • Such emission standards often comprise requirements defining acceptable limits of exhaust emissions from combustion engines in for example vehicles.
  • emission levels of nitrogen oxides NOx, hydrocarbons C x H y , carbon monoxide CO, particle mass PM and/or particle number concentration PN are often regulated by such standards for most types of vehicles.
  • Vehicles equipped with combustion engines typically give rise to such emissions in varying degrees.
  • the invention will be described mainly for its application in vehicles. However, the invention may be used in substantially all applications where combustion engines are used, for example in vessels such as ships or aeroplanes/helicopters, wherein regulations and standards for such applications limit emissions from the combustion engines.
  • the exhausts caused by the combustion of the combustion engine are treated (purified) .
  • a common way of treating exhausts from a combustion engine includes a so-called catalytic purification process, which is why vehicles equipped with a combustion engine usually
  • catalysts comprise at least one catalyst. There are different types of catalysts, where the different respective types may be
  • vehicles often comprise at least one catalyst, wherein an additive/reducing agent is supplied to the exhaust stream resulting from the combustion in the combustion engine, in order to reduce nitrogen oxides NOx, primarily to nitrogen gas and aqueous vapour.
  • SCR catalysts are for example a commonly used type of catalyst for this type of reduction, e.g. for heavy goods vehicles.
  • SCR catalysts usually use ammonia NH3, or a composition from which ammonia may be generated/formed, such as e.g. AdBlue, as an additive/reducing agent to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhausts.
  • the additive/reducing agent is injected into the exhaust stream resulting from the combustion engine upstream of the catalyst.
  • the additive/reducing agent added to the catalyst is adsorbed (stored) in the catalyst, in the form of ammonia NH 3 , so that a redox-reaction may occur between nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhausts and ammonia NH 3 available via the additive/reducing agent.
  • the additive/reducing agent being injected into the exhaust stream is thus very important for the reduction of the
  • residues/precipitates/crystallisations (hereafter commonly denoted residues and/or deposits) of additive/reducing agent being formed in the exhaust treatment system potentially increase the back pressure of the exhaust treatment system, and therefore potentially also increase the fuel consumption of the engine. The fuel consumption may also be increased when fuel is used for eliminating residues and/or deposits having been formed. Further, such additive/reducing agent residues in the exhaust treatment system may have a negative effect on the general purification performance of the exhaust treatment system, since the additive/reducing agent residues in the evaporation chamber reduces the evaporation efficiency, which may result in that too little evaporated additive/reducing agent reaches the SCR catalyst.
  • the increased back pressure and/or the less efficient exhaust purification of the exhaust treatment system may also result in a number of control system related problems.
  • One or more control systems arranged for controlling the exhaust treatment system may be unaware of these problems, and may thus keep on controlling the system based on the assumption that the back pressure is not increased and/or that an efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides NOx is achieved by the system.
  • An object of the present invention is at least partly solve at least some of the above mentioned problems/disadvantages.
  • the object is achieved through the above mentioned method for determination of a formation of solid deposits of a reducing agent on at least one inner wall of an evaporation unit of an exhaust treatment system arranged for treating an exhaust stream from an engine, in accordance with the characterising portion of claim 1.
  • the method includes
  • the present invention utilizes the insulating properties of the solid deposits, i.e. the fact that the solid
  • the at least one representation of a measured temperature T measure increases when they are formed.
  • the at least one representation of a model temperature Tmodeij does, however, not increase when the solid deposits are formed, since the temperature model is based on the assumption that there are no solid deposits. Therefore, the one or more representations of differences D7 ⁇ are greater than zero when the solid deposits are formed, which is utilized by the present invention as an indication of formation of deposits, by comparing them to a suitable threshold value DG; ⁇ et th ⁇
  • the determination of formation of deposits provided by the present invention does not affect the tail pipe emissions, since the determination is performed during normal operation of the exhaust treatment system. Thus, the determination according to the present invention does not rely on an
  • the solid deposits should be determined/detected already when they are formed, i.e. including a first stage of formation, a precursor stage, up to final stage in which deposits are fully formed/created.
  • a first stage of formation i.e. including a first stage of formation, a precursor stage, up to final stage in which deposits are fully formed/created.
  • the above mentioned drawbacks are minimized.
  • an early elimination of deposits is easier and quicker, due to their initially smaller size, than a later elimination of a fully developed solid deposit is.
  • the herein described embodiments facilitates early determination of deposits and also facilitates easy and quick elimination of deposits.
  • the performance of the evaporation chamber is improved regarding an amount of
  • the amount of reducing agent to be injected may be increased in some situations, whereby the efficiency of the reduction of the nitrogen oxides NOx in the one or more reduction catalyst devices using reducing agents for their reduction may be considerably increased, without risking that reducing agent residues are formed. Since the risk for
  • creating reducing agent residues is considerably reduced when the present invention is utilised, the risk for having to perform fuel consuming residue eliminating actions is also considerably reduced, which reduces the fuel consumption over time .
  • An exhaust treatment system implementing the present invention therefore has potential to meet the emission requirements in the Euro VI emission standard. Additionally, the exhaust treatment system according to the present invention has potential to meet the emission requirements in several other existing and/or future emission standards.
  • the invention may also be generally used for improving the control of a dosage device and/or an engine, resulting in e.g. improved fuel efficiency and/or reduced fuel consumption.
  • a larger dosage amount (a more ample dosage) may be allowed to be injected by the reducing agent dosage device when the present invention is used, than has been allowed in known solutions.
  • This more ample dosage of reducing agent may be viewed as a more
  • control of the dosage of reducing agent and/or of the engine may be performed in a much more optimized way when the present invention is used, allowing also a control much closer to the limits where residues may be formed. This is possible since the control according to the present
  • the present invention is much more accurate and reliable than the control of the known methods.
  • the present invention therefore for example makes it possible to, in some situations, in a
  • the present invention therefore also makes it possible to, in some situations, run the engine such that the temperature T e xh of the exhaust stream is lower and/or run the engine more fuel efficient than was possible to safely do when the known methods were used.
  • the temperature model for the evaporation unit utilizes at least one in the group of :
  • temperature T modeij may be accurately and reliably determined.
  • the temperature model is determined by simulations and/or physical experiments resulting in a wall temperature profile Tprof for the at least one position P j of the at least one inner wall, respectively;
  • the at least one representation of the model temperature Tmodei j for the at least one position P j of the evaporation unit corresponds to at least one temperature P profj of the
  • the determination of the at least one representation of the model temperature T modei i for the at least one position P j can be made accurate and reliable .
  • the at least one temperature sensor is located in the at least one position P j at the internal wall of the evaporation unit, respectively, which has an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits, e.g. due to injection of a reducing agent into the exhaust stream, the reducing agent ending up at the at least one position P j .
  • the at least one temperature sensor is placed in the interesting at least one position P j having an increased risk for formation of deposits/residues. Therefore, the method is especially adapted for determining such formations in the positions Pi where they are most likely to occur.
  • the at least one position P j at the internal wall of the evaporation unit is determined based on at least one in the group of:
  • the at least one position P j may be determined in a number of ways, it is possible to find a reliable and accurate determination of the at least one position P j for essentially any available evaporation unit.
  • one or more of the at least one representation of a model temperature Tmodel_i r the at least one representation of the measured temperature Jmeasure and the one or more representations of differences ATt include statistically determined values.
  • transient values such as e.g. transient temperature values.
  • the statistically determined values comprise one or more in the group of :
  • noisy signals e.g. by usage of low pass filtered and/or mean values, such that reliable and low complexity determinations may be performed.
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th are determined based on at least one in the group of :
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ th are determined based on at least one in the group of :
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th may be determined in a number of ways, it is possible to find a reliable and accurate determination one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th for essentially each available evaporation unit .
  • the above mentioned object is also achieved through the above mentioned method for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits of a reducing agent on at least one inner wall of an evaporation unit of an exhaust treatment system arranged for treating an exhaust stream from an engine, the method including :
  • the robustness of the evaporation chamber, and of the control of the injection of the reducing agent is increased.
  • the exhaust back pressure may be reduced in the exhaust treatment system, due to the reduced risk for residues of reducing agent forming in the system. This reduced back pressure also reduces the fuel consumption for the engine.
  • the at least one action includes one or more in the group of:
  • a dosage device injecting the reducing agent into the evaporation unit to reduce an reducing agent mass agent and/or a reducing agent mass flow M agent being injected into the exhaust stream.
  • - second means arranged for determining, by use of at least one temperature sensor, at least one representation of a measured temperature T measure for the at least one position P j on at least one inner wall of the evaporation unit;
  • - fourth means arranged for determination a formation of at least one solid deposit of the reducing agent if at least one of the one or more representations of differences exceeds one or more detection threshold NT [ det th ; Ti > T [ det th ;
  • the first determination means is arranged for utilizing at least one in the group of :
  • the first determination means is arranged such that:
  • the temperature model is determined by simulations and/or physical experiments resulting in a wall temperature profile prof for the at least one position P j of the at least one inner wall, respectively;
  • the at least one representation of the model temperature T modeij for the at least one position P j of the evaporation unit corresponds to at least one temperature P profj of the
  • the at least one temperature sensor is located in the at least one position P j at the internal wall of the evaporation unit, respectively, which has an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits, e.g. due to injection of a reducing agent into the exhaust stream, the reducing agent ending up at the at least one position P j .
  • the second determination means is arranged for determining the at least one position P j at the internal wall of the evaporation unit based on at least one in the group of :
  • the first, second and/or third determination units are arranged for providing the one or more of the at least one
  • the statistically determined values comprise one or more in the group of :
  • the third determination means is arranged for determining the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ th based on at least one in the group of :
  • the third determination means is arranged for determining the one or more detection thresholds T ⁇ et th based on at least one in the group of :
  • control system arranged for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits of a reducing agent, the system including:
  • - means arranged for performing, if at least one formation of a solid deposit of a reducing agent is determined, at least one action for reducing the at least one solid deposit.
  • the at least one means arranged for performing the at least one action is arranged for performing one or more in the group of:
  • a dosage device injecting the reducing agent into the evaporation unit to reduce an reducing agent mass agent and/or a reducing agent mass flow M agent being injected into the exhaust stream.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an example vehicle, in which the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a traditional exhaust treatment system, in which the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented
  • Figure 3 schematically shows some parts of an exhaust
  • Figure 4 shows a flow chart for a method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a flow chart for a method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a control device, in which the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented
  • Figure 7 shows a non-limiting principle illustration of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an example vehicle 100 comprising an exhaust treatment system 250.
  • the powertrain comprises a combustion engine 101, which in a customary manner, via an output shaft 102 on the combustion engine 101, usually via a flywheel, is connected to a gearbox 103 via a clutch 106.
  • the combustion engine 101 is controlled by the engine's control system via a control device 215.
  • the clutch 106 and the gearbox 103 may be controlled by the vehicle's control system, with the help of one or more applicable control devices (not shown) .
  • a Hybrid powertrain may include the
  • An output shaft 107 from the gearbox 103 drives the wheels 113, 114 via a final drive 108, such as e.g. a customary differential, and the drive shafts 104, 105 connected to the final drive 108.
  • a final drive 108 such as e.g. a customary differential
  • the vehicle 100 also comprises an exhaust treatment system/exhaust purification system 250 for controlling the vehicle 100.
  • treatment system 250 may be controlled by a control unit 260
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an exhaust treatment system 250, in which the present invention may be implemented.
  • the system 250 may illustrate a system fulfilling e.g. the Euro VI
  • the exhaust stream 203 is led to a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 220, via a diesel
  • oxidation catalyst (DOC) 210 oxidation catalyst 210.
  • particulate filter 220 is used to catch these soot particles.
  • the exhaust stream 203 is here led through a filter structure, wherein soot particles from the exhaust stream 203 are caught passing through, and are stored in the particulate filter 220.
  • the oxidation catalyst DOC 210 has several functions and is normally used primarily to oxidise, during the exhaust
  • the exhaust treatment system 250 further comprises a reduction catalyst device 230, possibly including an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst, downstream of the particulate filter DPF 220.
  • SCR catalysts use ammonia NH 3 , or a composition from which ammonia may be generated/formed, e.g. urea, as a
  • the reduction catalyst device 230 As mentioned above, the reduction catalyst device 230,
  • reducing agent to reduce the concentration of a compound, such as for example nitrogen oxides NOx, in the exhaust stream 203.
  • a compound such as for example nitrogen oxides NOx
  • Such reducing agent is injected into the exhaust stream upstream of the reduction catalyst device 230 by a dosage device 271 being provided with reducing agent by an reducing agent providing system 270.
  • Such reducing agent often comprises ammonia and/or is urea based, or comprises a substance from which ammonia may be extracted or released, and may for example comprise AdBlue, which basically comprises urea mixed with water.
  • AdBlue which basically comprises urea mixed with water.
  • Urea forms ammonia at heating (thermolysis) and at heterogeneous
  • hydrolysis catalysis on an oxidizing surface (hydrolysis), which surface may, for example, comprise titanium dioxide Ti0 2 r within the SCR-catalyst.
  • the reducing agent is evaporated in an evaporation chamber 280.
  • the exhaust treatment system may also comprise a separate hydrolysis catalyst.
  • the exhaust treatment system 250 may also be equipped with an ammonia slip-catalyst (ASC) 240, which is arranged to oxidise a surplus of ammonia that may remain after the reduction catalyst device 230. Accordingly, the ammonia slip-catalyst ASC may provide a potential for improving the system's total conversion/reduction of NOx.
  • ASC ammonia slip-catalyst
  • the exhaust treatment system 250 may also be equipped with one or several sensors, such as one or several NOx -, temperature and/or mass flow sensors, for example arranged in the tailpipe 264 downstream of the components 210, 220, 230, 240 or
  • a control device/system/means 290 may be arranged/configured for performing some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the control device/system/means 290 is in figure 2 illustrated as including separately illustrated units 291, 292, 293 arranged for performing the embodiments of the present invention, as is described below.
  • control device/system/means 390 may be arranged/configured for performing some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the control device/system/means 290 is in figure 2 illustrated as including separately illustrated units 391, 392, 393, 394 arranged for performing the present
  • a control system/means 290, 390 may be arranged for controlling the reducing agent providing system 270 and/or the dosage device 271, possibly via an exhaust treatment system control unit 260, and to send control signals to the engine control device/system/means 215, and a control
  • device/means 600 may be implemented for performing embodiments of the invention. These means/units/devices systems 290, 291, 292, 293, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 215, 260, 600 may, however be at least to some extent logically separated but physically implemented in at least two different physical units/devices. These means/units/devices 290, 291, 292, 293, 390, 391, 392,
  • 393, 394, 215, 260, 600 may also be at least to some extent logically separated and implemented in at least two different physical means/units/devices. Further, these
  • 394, 215, 260, 600 may be both logically and physically arranged together, i.e. be part of a single logic unit which is implemented in a single physical means/unit/device .
  • 394, 215, 260, 600 may for example correspond to groups of instructions, which may be in the form of programming code, that are input into, and are utilized by at least one
  • control system/means 290, 390 may be implemented at least partly within the vehicle 100 and/or at least partly outside of the vehicle 100, e.g. in a server, computer, processor or the like located separately from the vehicle 100.
  • residues and/or deposits deposits/residues/precipitates/crystallisations (herein commonly denoted residues and/or deposits) in these
  • the temperature of the exhaust treatment system itself may depend on a number of factors, such as how the driver drives the vehicle. For example, the temperature may depend on the torque requested by a driver and/or by a cruise control, on the
  • the components e.g. the
  • Figure 3 schematically illustrates some parts/components of the exhaust treatment system 250 through which the exhaust stream 203 passes.
  • Figure 3 mainly illustrates the evaporation chamber 280, the dosage device 271, the reducing agent
  • figure 3 illustrates only one possible example of the evaporation chamber, and the evaporation chamber 280 may be designed in a large number of ways.
  • the evaporation chamber may for example include only one pipe/tube through which the exhaust stream is passed/guided, or may include two or more pipes/tubes, which may be arranged
  • the evaporation chamber may also include at least one
  • atomizer/evaporator/vaporizer in one or more of the at least one pipe/tube.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are generally applicable for all of these large number of designs for the evaporation chamber 280.
  • the reducing agent is sprayed/in ected into the exhaust stream 203 by the dosage device 271.
  • the reducing agent may hit the inner walls 281 of the evaporation chamber in some positions P j and may in the at least one position start to form solid
  • the notation "inner walls” refers to one or more wall parts which comes in contact with the exhaust stream 203, and which may possibly also come in contact with the reducing agent.
  • the inner walls define/form/provide/delimit a path for the exhaust stream through the evaporation chamber/unit 280. Since the reducing agent is injected into the exhaust stream, the reducing agent may possibly also hit the inner walls
  • the control devices 290/390 illustrated in figure 3 include at least the herein described units/means 291, 292, 293/391, 392, 393, 394 and are arranged for performing the herein described embodiments of the present invention.
  • the control devices 290/390 are coupled/connected to the reducing agent providing system 270 and/or the dosage device 271, possibly via the exhaust treatment system control unit 260.
  • the control devices 290/390 are also coupled/connected to an engine control device 215 arranged for controlling the engine 201.
  • the control devices 290/390 are also coupled/connected to at least one temperature sensor 265i of the evaporation chamber.
  • the at least one temperature sensor 265i may be located in/at the internal wall of the evaporation unit 280 at a position which has an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits 285 due to spraying of reducing agent.
  • Figure 3 will be used for explaining the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 is for that reason simplified, and only illustrates the parts needed for understanding the embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a flow chart diagram illustrating a method 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 400 determines/detects a formation of solid
  • the engine 201 produces an exhaust stream 203 being treated by an exhaust treatment system 250 by use of at least one reducing agent being injected into the exhaust stream 203 by the dosage device 271.
  • the determination of solid deposits described in this document includes both determination/detection of precursors of deposits/residues, i.e. the stadium before the solid deposits/residues actually form, and determination/detection of formed, i.e. existing, solid deposits/residues.
  • the reducing agent is injected into an evaporation chamber 280 when being injected into the exhaust stream 203, and the reducing agent is there evaporated.
  • the reducing agent is provided to the reduction catalyst device 230 in gaseous form downstream of the dosage device 271 and evaporation chamber 280, which makes the function of the reduction
  • the reducing agent may reach/end up at an inner/internal wall 281 inside of the evaporation chamber 280.
  • the internal wall 281 of the reducing agent may reach/end up at an inner/internal wall 281 inside of the evaporation chamber 280.
  • evaporation chamber 280 may be divided into sections/positions P j along the length of the evaporation chamber 280, i.e. in the flow direction of the exhaust stream 203 flowing through the evaporation chamber 280.
  • a first step 410 of the method at least one representation of a model temperature T modeij for at least one position P j on at least one inner wall 281 of the evaporation unit 280 is determined.
  • representation of the model temperature T modei is based on a temperature model for the evaporation unit 280, which assumes that the evaporation unit is free of solid deposits of the reducing agent.
  • at least one representation of a model temperature T modei i is determined as if there were no solid deposits/residues, even if there are, or may be, one or more solid deposits/residues on the inner walls.
  • measured temperature T measure for the at least one position P j on at least one inner wall 281 of the evaporation unit 280 is determined by use of at least one temperature sensor 265i.
  • the at least one representation of a measured temperature T measure may thus be determined by use of at least one internal
  • internal temperature sensor 265 has the same temperature as the inner wall, and may e.g. be attached to the inner wall, or may be embedded in the internal wall 281, i.e. is embedded within the material/castings of the internal wall 281.
  • representation of the model temperature T modei i and one or more of the at least one representation of the measured temperature Tmeasure f respectively, are determined.
  • representations of differences between measured T measure t and modelled T modei t temperature representations are hereby
  • a formation of at least one solid deposit /residue 285 of the reducing agent is determined if at least one of the one or more representations of differences D7 ⁇ exceeds one or more detection thresholds Ti > T [ det th ; respectively .
  • the present invention utilizes the insulating properties of the solid deposits/residues.
  • the at least one representation of a model temperature T m0dei and the at least one representation of a measured temperature T measure for the at least one position P j are essentially equal, i.e. essentially coincide, when there are no solid deposits formed in the evaporation unit.
  • the one or more representations of differences are very small, essentially equal to zero, when there are no solid deposits.
  • the solid deposits/residues insulate the inner wall of the evaporation unit from the cooling effects of the reducing agent, wherefore the at least one representation of a measured temperature Tmeasure i increases (due to the formed solid deposits as a result of this insulation) .
  • the at least one representation of a model temperature T moiei i does not increase when the solid deposits are formed, which results in the one or more
  • representations of differences having values being greater than zero when the solid deposits have formed.
  • the one or more representations of differences may therefore be used as an indicator for formed solid deposits, by being compared to a suitable threshold value T ⁇ th; > T ⁇ et tfl .
  • the present invention provides for an accurate and reliable determination/detection of deposits provided, without
  • the present invention over time reduces the emission of NO x .
  • the amount of reducing agent to be injected may be increased in some situations, whereby the efficiency of the reduction of the nitrogen oxides NOx in the one or more reduction catalyst devices may be considerably increased .
  • the temperature model for the evaporation unit 280 may, according to an embodiment utilize an exhaust temperature T e xh for the exhaust stream 203, an exhaust mass flow M exh for the exhaust stream 203, a reducing agent mass M agent and/or a reducing agent mass flow M agent being injected into the exhaust stream 203 as input parameters.
  • T e xh for the exhaust stream 203
  • M exh for the exhaust stream 203
  • reducing agent mass M agent a reducing agent mass flow M agent
  • representation of the model temperature T modei for the at least one position P j on the at least one inner wall 281 of the evaporation unit 280 is determined based on one or more of the exhaust temperature Texhr the exhaust mass flow M exhr the reducing agent mass M agent and the reducing agent mass flow
  • the temperature model may be determined/calculated/defined in a number of ways.
  • the temperature model may be determined/calculated/defined based on simulations.
  • the temperature model may also be determined/calculated/defined based on numerical/physical experiments.
  • the simulations and/or experiments should here be performed such that they result in a wall temperature profile T pr0 f for the at least one position P j of the at least one inner wall 281, respectively.
  • the wall temperature profile T pr0 f may here have a temporal resolution, which may be used for determining the herein mentioned statistically determined values, which is explained more in detail below. It may be noted that the wall
  • temperature profile T pr0 may be determined with or without usage of physical sensors in the evaporation unit, as
  • the at least one representation of the model temperature T modeij for the at least one position P j of the evaporation unit 280 corresponds to at least one temperature Ppro fj of the
  • the at least one interesting position P j has an increased risk for a
  • the model temperature T modeij for each such interesting position Pi is modelled as being attached to, or embedded in, the internal wall 281 of the evaporation chamber 280, e.g. as attached on the surface, for example on the back side surface of the internal wall, or as embedded within the material/castings of the evaporation chamber.
  • the temperature model here assumes that the evaporation unit is free of solid deposits of the reducing agent.
  • the model temperature Tmodei i ma Y be modelled as corresponding to the actual
  • the temperature model is used in combination with at least one measurement of an exhaust temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203 in the exhaust treatment system 250, for example in combination with a measurement being performed by at least one temperature sensor arranged upstream of the evaporation chamber 280.
  • T exh exhaust temperature
  • the temperature model is used in combination with at least one measurement of an exhaust temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203 in the exhaust treatment system 250, for example in combination with a measurement being performed by at least one temperature sensor arranged upstream of the evaporation chamber 280.
  • model temperature T modei related to the at least one corresponding position P j at the internal wall 281 is determined. Since the model temperature T modei i is modelled as being attached to, or embedded within, the internal wall 281 of the evaporation chamber, the model temperature T modei i may differ from the exhaust temperature T e xh of the exhaust stream 203. For example, for temperature transient behavior, e.g.
  • the change of the model temperature T mode n is faster than the change of the exhaust temperature T e xh
  • the change of the model temperature T modei i is slower than the change of the exhaust temperature Texh due to the thermal inertia of the evaporation chamber 280.
  • the determination 440 of a formation of residues is according to the herein described embodiments based on the modelled and measured actual temperatures where reducing agent residues could be created.
  • the at least one temperature model for the evaporation chamber 280 may also be used in combination with at least one prediction of an exhaust temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203 in order to determine at least one representation of a model temperature T modei i .
  • the prediction may e.g. be based on one or more of a number of factors, including for example the torque requested by a driver and/or by a cruise control, on the appearance/features of the road section in which the vehicle is located, and/or the driving style of the driver.
  • At least one representation of a model temperature T modei i is determined based on a combination of the exhaust temperature T e xh r which may be measured and/or predicted, and the at least one
  • the temperature model being used for determining at least one representation of a model temperature T modei may use the exhaust temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203, the exhaust mass flow M exh , the reducing agent mass M agent and/or the reducing agent mass flow M agent as input parameters.
  • the determination of formation of residues takes into account the cooling effect on the internal wall 281 by the reducing agent being injected, and the cooling effect on the internal wall 281 from the exhausts themselves.
  • the determination 440 of residues according to the herein presented embodiments are based on a rather complete information related to a risk for forming of residues on the internal wall 281.
  • the temperature model may for example be determined/defined based on simulations, such as numerical experiments, and/or physical experiments. These simulations and/or experiments may then result in a wall temperature profile T pr0 f, possibly having a temporal temperature resolution, as mentioned above.
  • the temperature model may be
  • the prototype/physical model may here at least in size and
  • the prototype/physical model has at least one position defined as corresponding to the at least one position P j at the evaporation chamber inner wall 281. Along the internal wall of the prototype/physical model, at least one experimental internal temperature related to at least one position P j is then measured.
  • the at least one experimental internal temperature related to at least one position P j is then measured.
  • the wall temperature profile T pr0 f for the one or more positions P j is determined. This may be performed for differing operation points of the engine 101.
  • the at least one position P j is chosen as a point having an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits 285 due to the injection of a reducing agent into the exhaust stream 203, because of the injected reducing agent ending up at the wall at the least one position P j .
  • At least one cold position Pi cold is related to a position P j in which, i.e. in and/or downstream of which, the risk for formation of deposits may be increased.
  • the deposits/residues are formed/created downstream adjacent to at least one cold position P jCOid , where the temperature is slightly higher than in the at least one cold position Picoid ⁇
  • at least one cold position Picoid which is often colder than other positions along the internal wall of the prototype/physical model may be detected/found.
  • the exhaust stream mass flow M exh used as a parameter for the model may be determined in a number of ways.
  • the exhaust stream mass flow M exh may be determined based on at least one mass flow model for the exhaust treatment system 250. This model may take into account e.g. the physical form and dimension of the exhaust treatment system and/or an operation mode for the engine 201 producing the exhaust stream 203.
  • the exhaust stream mass flow M exh may also be determined based an amount of fuel and an amount of air being input into the cylinders of the engine 201 producing the exhaust stream 203.
  • the exhaust stream mass flow M exh may also be determined based on at least one measurement of the exhaust mass flow M exh for the exhaust stream 203. This measurement may e.g. be performed by at least one mass flow sensor arranged upstream the evaporation chamber 280 in the exhaust treatment system 250.
  • the herein mentioned at least one position j at the internal wall 281 of the evaporation unit 280 is located where there is an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits 285 due to the injection of a reducing agent into the exhaust stream 203.
  • a reducing agent mass M agent Due to a number of parameters, such as e.g. an evaporation unit geometry, an exhaust mass flow M exh for the exhaust stream, a reducing agent mass M agent and/or a reducing agent mass flow M agentr the reducing agent being injected into the exhaust stream 203 has a higher likelihood to hit the wall in some positions than in other positions. In other words, the injected reducing agent will more often end up in some
  • the at least one position P j at the internal wall 281 of the evaporation unit 280 may be determined in various ways
  • the at least one position P j may be determined based on one or more simulations of injections into the evaporation unit, based on one or more injection and/or evaporation unit models, and/or based on one or more empirical experiments, e.g. one or more physical tests, related to injections into an evaporation unit .
  • the at least one temperature sensor 265i is located at the at least one position P j at the internal wall 281, respectively, which has such an increased risk for formation of the solid deposits
  • the at least one temperature sensor 265i is located, based on which the at least one representation of a measured
  • temperature T measure and the at least one representation of a model temperature T modeij corresponding to the at least one position P j , respectively, may be compared in order to determine the one or more representations of differences D7 ⁇ that are used for determining if solid deposits have been formed, are forming, or are beginning to form (precursors) in the at least one position Pi, respectively.
  • differences D7 ⁇ are compared to one or more detection
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th may have one common value for every one of the at least one position Pi, or may have at least partly differing values for two or more positions Pi .
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th may, according to an embodiment, be determined based on one or more features of the evaporation unit 280 and/or on an accuracy of the
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ th may be determined based on one or more simulations, on one or more models and/or on one or more physical tests.
  • the one or more detection thresholds ATi det th may for example have values being related to, e.g.
  • the one or more detection thresholds DG; ⁇ et th may have values being less than half of the corresponding model temperatures T modeli; AT idet th ⁇ 0.S * T mode n; respectively.
  • the flow chart of figure 5 illustrates a method 500 for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits 285 of a reducing agent on at least one inner wall 281 of an
  • a formation of solid deposits of a reducing agent is determined by usage of the herein described method 400, i.e. according to the method described above in connection with figure 4, possibly
  • At least one action 521, 522, 523, 524 for reducing the formation of the at least one solid deposit is performed if at least one formation of a solid deposit is determined.
  • the control system regulating the injection of the reducing agent may more aggressively inject reducing agent, since a possible formation of solid deposits is determined at an early stage, when the deposits are still small (e.g. are only precursors), which also makes the
  • the at least one action which may be performed if formation of solid deposits is determined may include control 521 of the engine 101 producing the exhaust stream 203 such that the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO x in the exhaust stream 203 is reduced.
  • control 521 of the engine 101 producing the exhaust stream 203 such that the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO x in the exhaust stream 203 is reduced.
  • less reducing agent may be injected into the exhaust stream in order to still fulfil emission standards and regulations.
  • the decreased injection reduces the risk for further formation of residues, and facilitates elimination of already formed deposits.
  • the at least one action that may be performed if formation of solid deposits is determined may also include control 522 of the engine 101 producing the exhaust stream 203 such that the exhaust temperature T exh is increased, whereby elimination of already formed deposits is facilitated, and further formation of residues is mitigated.
  • the at least one action that may be performed if formation of solid deposits is determined may also include control 523 of the engine 101 producing the exhaust stream 203 such that an exhaust mass flow M exh of the exhaust stream 203 is increased.
  • the control of the exhaust mass flow may be achieved by control of a device for exhaust recirculation (EGR) 211
  • Combustion engines are supplied with air at an inlet, to achieve a gas mixture which is suitable for combustion, together with fuel that is also supplied to the engine.
  • the combustion takes place in the engine's cylinders, wherein the gas mixture is burned.
  • the combustion generates exhausts, which leave the engine at an outlet.
  • the exhaust recirculation conduit 211 is arranged from the outlet of the engine to its inlet, and leads back a part of the exhausts from the outlet to the inlet.
  • the exhaust mass flow M exh influences where the reducing agent will hit the internal wall 281 of the evaporation chamber, or at least influences where and how the reducing agent will cause heat exchange with the internal wall.
  • the heart exchange is dependent on the exhaust mass flow M exh .
  • a lower exhaust mass flow M exh may have the effect that the reducing agent hits the wall closer to the dosage device 271 than for a higher exhaust mass flow M exh .
  • a higher exhaust mass flow M exh would correspondingly result in that the reducing agent hits the internal wall 281 farther away from the dosage device 271.
  • the exhaust mass flow M exh is adjusted by the control, also the impact the exhaust mass flow M exh has on the internal wall temperature along the wall 281 is ad usted/controlled.
  • smaller deposits may also be blown away by higher exhaust mass flow M exhr such that the deposits are eliminated.
  • An increased exhaust mass flow M exhr an increased output of nitrogen oxides NO x and/or an increased exhaust temperature T e xh may be achieved by decreasing the fraction of the exhaust stream which is recirculated through the EGR device 211.
  • an increased exhaust mass flow M exh may be useful if a formation of reducing agent residues is determined/detected.
  • a decreased exhaust mass flow M exh may be achieved by increasing the fraction of the exhaust stream, which is recirculated through EGR device 211.
  • the exhaust temperature Texh of the exhaust stream 203 may be increased, the exhaust mass flow M exh may be increased and/or the amount of outputted nitrogen oxides NO x may be reduced if a formation of deposits is determined.
  • the temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203 may be decreased, the exhaust mass flow M exh may be decreased and/or the amount of outputted nitrogen oxides NOx may be increased if it is determined that there are no deposits forming, whereby the engine may be run more efficiently regarding e.g. fuel
  • the temperature T exh for the exhaust stream 203, the exhaust mass flow M exh and/or the amount of outputted nitrogen oxides NO x may be controlled e.g. by adaption of the engine load/torque and/or the revolutions per minute (RPM) for the engine 101.
  • RPM revolutions per minute
  • control 521, 522, 523 of the engine 101 includes a control of at least one injection strategy for the engine 101.
  • the timing of fuel injections into the respective cylinders in the engine may be controlled, so that at least the nitrogen oxides NO x output from the engine 101 and/or the temperature T exh of the exhaust stream 203 is controlled. Often, the output nitrogen oxides NO x and/or the temperature T exh of the exhaust stream 203 are relatively easily controlled.
  • an injection pressure for an injection of fuel into cylinders of the engine 101 is controlled, whereby at least the nitrogen oxides NO x and/or the exhaust temperature T exh output from the engine 201 is controlled.
  • an increase of the exhaust temperature T exh and/or a reduction of the nitrogen oxides NO x may be performed by adjusting the injection
  • the at least one action that may be performed if formation of solid deposits is determined may also include control 524 of a dosage device 271 injecting the reducing agent into the evaporation unit 280, such that a reducing agent mass M a g ent being injected and/or a reducing agent mass flow M a g ent being injected are reduced/decreased.
  • the decreased injection then reduces the risk for further formation of residues.
  • the amount of reducing agent being injected into the exhaust stream may for example be decreased if it is determined that a formation of residues is in progress, i.e. if solid residues/deposits are probable to grow, e.g. if precursors are determined/detected.
  • the amount of injected reducing agent may be increased, if necessary for achieving an efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides A fO x in the downstream at least one
  • reduction catalyst device 230 Basically, the more reducing agent being injected, the colder the internal wall 281 gets, since it is cooled down by the reducing agent.
  • the amount of injected reducing agent may be reduced, by reducing/decreasing the injected reducing agent mass flow M agent and/or reducing agent mass M agent .
  • the amount of reducing agent to be injected into the exhaust stream may, by use of the herein described embodiments, be precisely controlled, such that the evaporation of the
  • Two or more of the above mentioned actions 521, 522, 523, 524 may be used in combination for reducing the risk for further formation of residues and/or for facilitating elimination of already formed deposits.
  • the deposits may be mitigated by some embodiments of the present invention by reducing the injection of reducing agent to 15 grams per minute, by increasing the exhaust mass flow M exh by 500 kilos per hour, and/or by increasing the exhaust temperature T exh with 50 °C.
  • the risk for continued forming/growing of reducing agent residues is considerably reduced, and reducing agent residues may be efficiently avoided and/or eliminated.
  • the at least one representation of a model temperature T modeij the at least one representation of the measured temperature T measure , and the one or more
  • representations of differences D7 ⁇ may include suitable statistically determined values.
  • any such suitable statistically determined value may be used in this respect, e.g. a statistically determined value including and/or being based on mean values, moving average values, median values, filtered values, and/or statistic values.
  • any measure/value representing an at least scalar value may be used in this respect, e.g. a statistically determined value including and/or being based on mean values, moving average values, median values, filtered values, and/or statistic values.
  • the measured temperature T measure may be used as such a statistically determined value when implementing the embodiments of
  • a method for determination of formation of solid residues and/or for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits 285 may also be implemented in a computer program, which when executed in a computer will cause the computer to execute the method.
  • the computer program usually forms a part of a computer program product 603, wherein the computer program product comprises a suitable digital non-volatile/permanent/persistent/durable storage medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • the non volatile/permanent/persistent/durable computer readable medium includes a suitable memory, e.g.: ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) , EPROM (Erasable PROM) , Flash, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM), a hard disk device, etc.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • PROM PROM
  • EPROM Erasable PROM
  • Flash Flash
  • EEPROM Electrical Erasable PROM
  • a hard disk device etc.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a control device/means 600.
  • the control device/means 600 comprises a calculation unit 601, which may include essentially a suitable type of processor or microcomputer, e.g. a circuit for digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) , or a circuit with a DSP.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the calculation unit 601 is
  • the calculation unit 601 is also set up to store interim or final results of calculations in the memory unit 602.
  • control device/means 600 is equipped with devices 611, 612, 613, 614 for receiving and sending of input and output signals, respectively.
  • These input and output signals may contain wave shapes, pulses, or other attributes, which may be detected as information by the devices 611, 613 for the receipt of input signals, and may be converted into signals that may be processed by the calculation unit 601. These signals are then provided to the calculation unit 601.
  • the devices 612, 614 for sending output signals are arranged to convert the calculation result from the calculation unit 601 into output signals for transfer to other parts of the
  • vehicle's control system and/or the component (s) for which the signals are intended.
  • Each one of the connections to the devices for receiving and sending of input and output signals may include one or several of a cable; a data bus, such as a CAN (Controller Area
  • MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport
  • control systems in modern vehicles include of a communications bus system, comprising one or several
  • ECUs electronice control devices
  • controllers controllers
  • communications buses to connect a number of electronic control devices (ECUs), or controllers, and different components localised on the vehicle.
  • ECUs electronice control devices
  • Such a control system may comprise a large number of control devices, and the responsibility for a specific function may be distributed among more than one control device.
  • Vehicles of the type shown thus often comprise significantly more control devices than what is shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 6, which is well known to a person skilled in the art within the technology area.
  • control device/means 600 in figure 6 may comprise and/or illustrate one or several of the control devices/systems/means 215 and 260 in figure 1, the control devices/systems/means 215, 260, 270, 290, 390 in figure 2, or the control
  • the control device/means 290, 390 in figures 2 and 3 are arranged for performing the present invention.
  • 292, 293, 294, 391, 392, 393, 394 may for example correspond to groups of instructions, which can be in the form of
  • the present invention in the embodiment shown, may be
  • control device/means 600 implemented in the control device/means 600.
  • the invention may, however, also be implemented wholly or partly in one or several other control devices, already existing in the control device/means 600.
  • a system 290 arranged for determination of a formation of solid deposits of a reducing agent on at least one inner wall 281 of an
  • evaporation unit 280 of an exhaust treatment system 250 arranged for treating an exhaust stream 203 from an engine 101 is disclosed.
  • the exhaust stream 203 is produced by an engine 201, and is then treated by an exhaust treatment system 250 including e.g. a reduction catalyst device.
  • At least one reducing agent is injected into the exhaust stream 203 by the dosage device 271, and is evaporated in an evaporation chamber 280 when being injected into the exhaust stream 203.
  • the system 290 includes a first means 291, e.g. a first determination unit 291, arranged for determining 410 at least one representation of a model temperature T modei for at least one position P j on at least one inner wall 281 of the
  • the determination 410 of the at least one representation of the model temperature T modei is, as described in detail above for the embodiments of the present invention, based on a temperature model for the evaporation unit 280, wherein the temperature model assumes that the evaporation unit 280 is free of solid deposits 285 of the reducing agent.
  • the first determination means/unit 291 may be arranged for performing any above described embodiment related to the determination of the at least one representation of a model temperature T modei i .
  • the system 29 0 also includes second means 292 , e.g. a second determination unit 292 , arranged for determining 42 0 , by use of at least one temperature sensor 26 5 i , at least one
  • the second determination means/unit 292 may be arranged for performing any above described embodiment related to the determination of the at least one
  • the system 290 further includes third means 293, e.g. a third determination unit 293, arranged for determining 430 one or more representations of differences between one or more of the at least one representation of the model temperature T modei i and one or more of the at least one representation of the measured temperature T measure , respectively.
  • third means 293 e.g. a third determination unit 293, arranged for determining 430 one or more representations of differences between one or more of the at least one representation of the model temperature T modei i and one or more of the at least one representation of the measured temperature T measure , respectively.
  • the third determination means/unit 293 may be arranged for performing any above
  • the system 290 further includes fourth means 294, e.g. a fourth determination means 294, arranged for determining 440 a formation of at least one solid deposit 285 of the reducing agent if at least one of the one or more representations of differences D7 ⁇ exceeds one or more detection threshold APj e t tf t/ ATi > AT ⁇ de t thr respectively.
  • the determination means/unit 294 may be arranged for performing any above described embodiment related to the determination of formations of deposits.
  • the system 290 may thus be arranged/modified for performing any of the in this document described embodiments of the method according to the present invention.
  • a control system 390 arranged for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits.
  • the system 390 includes a system 290 arranged for determination of a formation of solid
  • the system 390 further includes means 391, 392, 393, 394, e.g. at least one action unit 391, 392, 393, 394, arranged for performing 520, if at least one formation of a solid deposit of a reducing agent is
  • the system 390 may be arranged/modified for performing any of the in this document described embodiments of the method according to the present invention.
  • the exhaust treatment system 250 shown in figures 2 and 3 includes only one dosage device 271, only one reduction catalyst device 230, and only one evaporation chamber 280 for pedagogic reasons. It should, however, be noted that the present invention is not restricted to such systems, and may instead be generally applicable in any exhaust treatment system including one or more dosage devices, one or more reduction catalyst devices, and one or more evaporation chambers. For example, the present invention is especially applicable on systems including a first dosage device, a first evaporation chamber, a first reduction catalyst device, a second dosage device, a second evaporation chamber and a second reduction catalyst device. Each one of the first and second reduction catalyst devices may include at least one SCR-catalyst , at least one ammonia slip catalyst ASC, and/or at least one multifunctional slip-catalyst SC.
  • the exhaust treatment system 250 shown in figures 2 and 3 includes only one dosage device 271, only one reduction catalyst device 230, and only one evaporation chamber 280 for pedagogic reasons. It should,
  • multifunctional slip catalyst SC may be arranged primarily for reduction of nitrogen oxides NOx, and secondarily for
  • multifunctional slip catalyst SC may also be arranged for performing at least some of the functions normally performed by a DOC, e.g. oxidation of hydrocarbons C x H y (also referred to as HC) and carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust stream 203 into carbon dioxide C0 2 and water H 2 0 and/or oxidation of nitrogen monoxides NO occurring in the exhaust stream into nitrogen dioxide N0 2 .
  • a DOC e.g. oxidation of hydrocarbons C x H y (also referred to as HC) and carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust stream 203 into carbon dioxide C0 2 and water H 2 0 and/or oxidation of nitrogen monoxides NO occurring in the exhaust stream into nitrogen dioxide N0 2 .
  • the present invention is also related to a vehicle 100, such as e.g. a truck, a bus or a car, including the herein
  • Figure 7 schematically illustrates, in a non-limiting example, a principle utilized by the present invention.
  • figure 7 schematically illustrates an essentially stationary operational point, for which the load, engine speed and exhaust temperature T exh are essentially constant.
  • the principle of the present invention may of course also be applied on other non-stationary operational points.
  • the at least one representation of a model temperature T modeij (solid line) for the at least one position P j which assumes that there are no solid deposits
  • the at least one representation of a measured temperature T-measurej dashex-measurej
  • the one or more representations of differences are small, close to zero, when there are no solid deposits.
  • the measured temperature i.e. the at least one representation of a
  • the model is based on the assumption that there are no solid deposits, wherefore the at least one representation of a model
  • T mode ii does not increase when the solid deposits are formed. Therefore, the one or more representations of differences are greater than zero when the solid deposits have formed. These one or more representations of differences may then, according to the embodiments of the present invention be compared to a suitable threshold value T [ det th ;
  • inventive method, and embodiments thereof, as described above may at least in part be performed with/using/by at least one device.
  • the inventive method, and embodiments thereof, as described above may be performed at least in part with/using/by at least one device that is suitable and/or adapted for performing at least parts of the inventive method and/or embodiments thereof.
  • a device that is suitable and/or adapted for performing at least parts of the inventive method and/or embodiments thereof may be one, or several, of a control unit, an electronic control unit (ECU), an electronic circuit, a computer, a computing unit and/or a processing unit .
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • embodiments thereof may be referred to as an, at least in part, computerized method.
  • the method being, at least in part, computerized meaning that it is performed at least in part with/using/by the at least one device that is suitable and/or adapted for performing at least parts of the inventive method and/or embodiments thereof.
  • embodiments thereof, as described above, may be referred to as an, at least in part, automated method.
  • the method being, at least in part, automated meaning that it is performed
  • the at least one device that is suitable and/or adapted for performing at least parts of the inventive method and/or embodiments thereof.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above, but relates to and comprises all embodiments within the scope of the enclosed independent claims .

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de détermination d'une formation de dépôts solides d'un agent réducteur sur une paroi interne d'une unité d'évaporation. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : - détermination d'une représentation d'une température modèle Tmodel- i pour une position Pi, sur une paroi interne de l'unité d'évaporation, sur la base d'un modèle de température pour l'unité d'évaporation, le modèle de température supposant que l'unité d'évaporation est exempte de dépôts solides de l'agent réducteur ; - détermination d'une représentation d'une température mesurée Tmeasure-i pour la position Pi ; - détermination d'une ou plusieurs représentations de différences ΔT ; entre une ou plusieurs représentations de la représentation de la température modèle Tmodel- i et une ou plusieurs représentations de la représentation de la température mesurée Tmeasure-i, respectivement ; et - détermination d'une formation d'un dépôt solide de l'agent réducteur si au moins une des représentations des différences ΔΤ ; dépasse un seuil de détection ΔTi-det-th ; ΔTi > ΔTi-det-th ; respectivement.
PCT/SE2019/050365 2018-04-24 2019-04-18 Procédé et système de détermination et de réduction d'un risque de formation de dépôts solides WO2019209162A1 (fr)

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SE1850484A SE541802C2 (en) 2018-04-24 2018-04-24 Method and system for determination of and for reduction of a risk for formation of solid deposits
SE1850484-5 2018-04-24

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JP2006022730A (ja) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-26 Denso Corp 排気浄化装置の排気温度センサ故障検出装置
WO2012125148A1 (fr) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Système basé sur modèle et procédé pour réduire les dépôts de fluides des émissions de diesel
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115087794A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2022-09-20 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 用于排气的选择性催化还原后处理过程的方法和控制布置
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