WO2019205109A1 - 一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆 - Google Patents

一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019205109A1
WO2019205109A1 PCT/CN2018/084932 CN2018084932W WO2019205109A1 WO 2019205109 A1 WO2019205109 A1 WO 2019205109A1 CN 2018084932 W CN2018084932 W CN 2018084932W WO 2019205109 A1 WO2019205109 A1 WO 2019205109A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
optical cable
wall
outer sheath
drawbar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/084932
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李媛媛
王波
陈扬全
吴文新
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2018/084932 priority Critical patent/WO2019205109A1/zh
Priority to CN201880092807.9A priority patent/CN112041720A/zh
Priority to EP18865348.9A priority patent/EP3584619A4/en
Publication of WO2019205109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019205109A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
    • G02B6/54—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts using mechanical means, e.g. pulling or pushing devices
    • G02B6/545—Pulling eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/47—Installation in buildings
    • G02B6/475—Mechanical aspects of installing cables in ducts or the like for buildings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
    • G02B6/54—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts using mechanical means, e.g. pulling or pushing devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/36—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings
    • H02G3/38—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts
    • H02G3/40—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts using separate protective tubing in the conduits or ducts

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to a combined structure of an optical cable and a through-wall auxiliary tool and an optical cable.
  • the feeder line cable, the wiring section cable and the household cable are required to pass through in the middle.
  • the cable of the household section is used to connect the fiber-optic box and the access terminal box (ATB).
  • the construction method of the cable of the household section is usually laid along the pipeline inside the wall.
  • the installation of the optical cable through the wall requires pre-buried in the pipeline. Pull the rope and use the cable to be constructed.
  • This installation method requires two people to complete the installation. One person pushes the cable inward at the entrance of the pipe inside the wall, and the other pulls the cable out through the cable at the exit of the pipe inside the wall.
  • the combination structure of the optical cable and the through-wall auxiliary tool and the optical cable provided by the embodiments of the present application can complete the laying of the cable of the household section by a single person, has low construction cost, and facilitates the cable passing through a plurality of corners in the wall pipe.
  • the present application provides a combined structure of a fiber optic cable and a through-wall auxiliary tool, including a traction member, a fiber optic cable, and a guiding tube, one end of the traction member being fixedly connected to the optical cable, and the tube hole of the guiding tube is used for The cable is threaded and a gap is formed between an inner wall of the guide tube and an outer wall of the cable.
  • the combination structure of the optical cable and the through-wall auxiliary tool provided by the embodiment of the present application can first penetrate the traction member into the wall when the cable is inserted into the household section, and then pass the optical cable sheathed with the guiding tube into the inner wall pipe to guide the cable.
  • the pipe is laid at one or more corners near the entrance of the pipe in the wall, and the guide pipe is fixed, and the cable is continuously pushed into the wall. Due to the existence of the guide pipe, the cable can smoothly pass through a pipe near the entrance of the pipe in the wall.
  • the optical cable can be guided smoothly through the corner of the pipe in the wall, so that the cable can be easily bent during laying, and the single can be The laying of the cable for the household section is completed, and the construction cost is low.
  • the traction member comprises a drawbar and a traction head fixed to the first end of the drawbar, the drawbar being made of an elastic material, the traction head having a smooth surface, the drawbar The second end is fixedly coupled to one end of the cable. Since the traction head has a smooth surface, it can smoothly pass through the corner of the pipe inside the wall. After the traction head passes the corner, the drawbar attached to the head can enter the corner, because the drawbar is made of elastic material.
  • the laying of the cable of the section is low and the construction cost is low.
  • the second end of the drawbar is provided with a mounting hole
  • the mounting hole extends along a length of the drawbar
  • the optical cable is disposed in the mounting hole, and is The mounting holes are bonded and fixed. Thereby, the optical cable is installed easily and the connection is stable.
  • the traction head is a spherical, ellipsoidal or conical structure.
  • a through hole is formed in the traction head.
  • the cable can be compatible with the installation method, and the through hole can reduce the weight of the slider, thereby reducing the friction between the traction head and the pipe inside the wall.
  • the drawbar is a flat rod. This facilitates the passage of walls that are narrow in space.
  • the inner wall of the tube bore of the guide tube is coated with a smooth coating. Thereby the frictional resistance of the cable as it passes through the guide tube is reduced.
  • the material of the guiding tube is a polyolefin system Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) material.
  • LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen
  • the optical cable includes a cable core, the cable core is covered with an insulating sheath, and the outer surface of the insulating sheath is covered with an outer sheath, and the outer sheath extends along the cable core
  • the reinforcing core is provided with the reinforcing core, and the insulating sheath and the outer sheath do not adhere to each other when they are attached to each other.
  • Strengthening the core wire can increase the strength and toughness of the cable, making the cable easy to pass through. Moreover, it is prevented that the outer sheath is peeled off due to adhesion of the insulating sheath to the outer sheath.
  • the material of the insulating sheath is a polyolefin system LSZH material
  • the material of the outer sheath is a non-polyolefin system LSZH material
  • the material of the insulating sheath is a non-polyolefin system LSZH material.
  • the material of the outer sheath is a polyolefin system LSZH material. Polyolefin system LSZH material and non-polyolefin system LSZH material is not easy to adhere, thus preventing the insulation sheath from being easily separated from the outer sheath.
  • the material of the outer sheath contains a slip agent.
  • the friction coefficient of the surface of the cable can be reduced, thereby reducing the friction between the cable and the pipe.
  • an end of the cable that faces away from the traction member is prefabricated with a fiber optic connector. Therefore, the second end of the optical cable can be plugged into the ATB through the optical fiber connector, and the connection is convenient, and the plug and play is realized.
  • the present application provides an optical cable including a cable core, the cable core is covered with an insulating sheath, and the outer surface of the insulating sheath is covered with an outer sheath, and the outer sheath is along the core
  • a reinforcing core wire is disposed in the extending direction, and the insulating sheath and the outer sheath do not adhere to each other when they are attached to each other.
  • the insulating sheath and the outer sheath do not adhere to each other when they are closely adhered to each other, so that the optical cable has a certain strength or hardness, so that the optical cable is not easily bent during the wall-passing operation, and the insulation can be made.
  • the outer skin and the outer sheath do not adhere, which is beneficial to the peeling of the outer skin and the outer sheath.
  • the reinforcing core wire can improve the strength and toughness of the optical cable, and the optical cable can be easily piped. Moreover, it is prevented that the outer sheath is peeled off due to adhesion of the insulating sheath to the outer sheath.
  • the material of the insulating sheath is a polyolefin system LSZH material
  • the material of the outer sheath is a non-polyolefin system LSZH material
  • the material of the insulating sheath is a non-polyolefin system LSZH material
  • the material of the outer sheath is a polyolefin system LSZH material.
  • Polyolefin system LSZH material and non-polyolefin system LSZH material is not easy to adhere, thus preventing the insulation sheath from being easily separated from the outer sheath.
  • one end of the cable is fixedly coupled to a traction member. Since the traction member can smoothly and smoothly pass through the corner of the pipe in the wall, the optical cable can be guided smoothly through the corner of the pipe in the wall, so that the cable can be easily bent during the laying process, and the cable laying of the household cable can be completed by a single person.
  • the construction cost is low.
  • the reinforcing core wires are two, and the two reinforcing core wires are respectively located at two sides of the cable core.
  • the hardness of the outer sheath may be selected to be 50 Shore D or more.
  • the material of the outer sheath contains a slip agent.
  • the reinforcing core wire is made of a metallic material.
  • the reinforcing core of the metal material is more rigid and easier to thread.
  • the reinforcing core wire is made of a non-metallic material.
  • the reinforcing core wire of non-metallic materials can avoid safety hazards such as conduction and lightning, and is more suitable for indoor use.
  • the present application provides an auxiliary tool for a cable through wall, comprising a traction member including a drawbar and a traction head fixed to the first end of the drawbar, the drawbar is made of an elastic material, and the traction head has a smoothness The surface of the drawbar is used to secure the cable.
  • the auxiliary tool for cable passing through the wall can fix the optical cable to the second end of the drawbar when laying the cable into the household section, and then insert the traction head of the traction component into the pipeline inside the wall and continuously push the optical cable. Since the traction head has a smooth surface, it can smoothly pass through the corner of the pipe inside the wall. After the traction head passes the corner, the drawbar attached to the head can enter the corner, because the drawbar is made of elastic material. , which can be elastically deformed, so that a bending deformation approximately curved with an angle can be formed, thereby smoothly passing the corner and guiding the fixed optical cable connected at the second end thereof through the same angle, so that the cable is easily bent during laying. The single person can complete the laying of the cable of the household section, and the construction cost is low.
  • the second end of the drawbar is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole extends along the length of the drawbar, and the optical cable is disposed in the mounting hole and is fixedly fixed to the mounting hole. Thereby, the optical cable is installed easily and the connection is stable.
  • the traction head is a spherical, ellipsoidal or conical structure.
  • a through hole is formed in the traction head.
  • the cable can be compatible with the installation method, and the through hole can reduce the weight of the slider, thereby reducing the friction between the traction head and the pipe inside the wall.
  • the drawbar is a flat rod. This facilitates the passage of walls that are narrow in space.
  • the guiding tube is further included, and the tube hole of the guiding tube is used for threading the optical cable, and the inner wall of the guiding tube has a gap between the inner wall of the optical cable and the outer wall of the optical cable.
  • the cable can be easily passed through one or more corners at the entrance of the pipe in the wall, which makes the construction more convenient and more efficient.
  • the inner wall of the tube bore of the guide tube is coated with a smooth coating. Thereby the frictional resistance of the cable as it passes through the guide tube is reduced.
  • the smooth coating described above may be a silicon core layer.
  • the guide tube can be made of a flame retardant material.
  • the guide tube can be made of a low-smoke halogen-free material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary tool for an optical cable through wall according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary tool for a cable through a wall with a guide tube according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a guide tube in an auxiliary tool for an optical cable through wall according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of another optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the combined structure of the optical cable and the through-wall auxiliary tool in the embodiment of the present application when penetrating into the inner wall of the wall.
  • the embodiments of the present application relate to an auxiliary tool for optical cable through-wall, an optical cable, and a combination thereof.
  • Optical fiber Fully called optical fiber, it is a fiber made of glass or plastic and can be used as a light-conducting tool.
  • Optical cable is a kind of communication line that is composed of a certain number of optical fibers in a certain way, which is covered with a sheath, and some is also covered with an outer sheath for optical signal transmission.
  • the fiber optic terminal box is the final connector of a fiber optic cable.
  • One end is a fiber optic cable and the other end is a pigtail, which is equivalent to a device that splits a fiber optic cable into a single fiber optic cable.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an auxiliary tool for a cable through wall, including a traction member 1 including a drawbar 11 and a traction head 12 fixed to the first end of the drawbar 11 for pulling
  • the rod 11 is made of an elastic material
  • the traction head 12 has a smooth surface
  • the second end of the drawbar 11 is used to fix the optical cable 2.
  • the optical cable through wall auxiliary tool provided by the embodiment of the present application can fix the optical cable 2 to the second end of the drawbar 11 when the household cable 2 is laid, and then the traction head 12 of the traction member 1 is penetrated into the wall pipe. And the optical cable 2 is continuously pushed. Since the traction head 12 has a smooth surface, it can smoothly and smoothly pass through the corner of the pipe in the wall. After the traction head 12 passes the corner, the drawbar 11 connected to the head can enter the corner. Since the drawbar 11 is made of an elastic material, it can be elastically deformed, so that a bending deformation approximately curved with an angle can be formed, thereby smoothly passing the corner and guiding the fixed cable 2 connected at the second end thereof to pass the same arc. The corner angle makes it easy to bend the optical cable 2 during laying, and the single person can complete the laying of the cable 2 of the household section, and the construction cost is low.
  • a mounting hole 111 may be provided at the second end of the drawbar 11, and the mounting hole 111 extends along the length of the drawbar 11, and then the optical cable 2 is passed through.
  • the fixing hole 111 may be attached to the mounting hole 111 and fixed to the mounting hole 111. The structure is easy to install and the connection is stable.
  • the shape of the traction head 12 can be variously selected as long as it has a smooth guiding surface and is favorable for passing the corner.
  • the traction head 12 can be a spherical, ellipsoidal or conical structure, etc., spherical, ellipsoidal or The tapered structure can guide the traction head 12 when passing through the corners, thereby facilitating the traction head 12 to pass through the corners and preventing the traction head 12 from being stuck at the corners.
  • a through hole 121 may be formed in the traction head 12.
  • the drawstring When the drawstring is embedded in the wall pipe, the drawstring can be tied to the through hole 121, and the cable 2 can be passed through the inner wall pipe by pulling the drawstring at the exit of the pipe inside the wall. And the through hole 121 can reduce the weight of the slider, thereby reducing the friction between the traction head 12 and the pipe inside the wall.
  • the structure of the drawbar 11 can also be variously selected.
  • the drawbar 11 can be made into a cylindrical rod, a prismatic rod or a flat rod.
  • the drawbar 11 can be made into a flat rod.
  • the cross-sectional diameter of the cylindrical rod is equal to the width of the flat rod, since the flat rod has a thin thickness, the flat rod takes up less space, which is convenient. Through the narrow wall of the wall.
  • the material of the drawbar 11 can use a thermoplastic thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) material having a flexural modulus of about 1200 MPa and a hardness of about 76 D, thereby making the drawbar 11 have an appropriate toughness.
  • TPU thermoplastic thermoplastic elastomer
  • the guide tube 3 can be sleeved on the cable 2, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the guide tube 3 and the outer wall of the cable 2.
  • the traction member 1 penetrates into the inner wall pipe, and then the optical cable 2 sheathed with the guiding pipe 3 is penetrated into the inner wall pipe, so that the guiding pipe 3 is laid at one or more curved corners near the entrance of the inner pipe.
  • the guiding tube 3 is fixed and continues to push the optical cable 2 into the wall. Due to the presence of the guiding tube 3, the optical cable 2 can smoothly pass one or more corners near the inlet of the inner wall of the wall, thereby making the construction more convenient and efficient. higher.
  • a smooth coating 31 may be applied to the inner wall of the tube hole of the guide tube 3.
  • a silicon core layer may be coated on the inner wall of the tube hole of the guide tube 3 such that the coefficient of friction of the inner wall of the tube hole of the guide tube 3 is less than or equal to 0.2.
  • the guide tube 3 can be made of a flame retardant material, for example, can be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and can also be made of Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) material, and the flame retardant property of the LSZH material. It is better, and it emits less smoke and carcinogenic substances during combustion, which is beneficial to indoor environmental protection.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen
  • the optical cable 2 can pass through the inner wall pipe more conveniently, and the structural characteristics of the optical cable 2 itself also affect the pipe wearing convenience of the optical cable 2.
  • the optical cable 2 The cross-sectional structure may adopt a circular structure as shown in FIG. 5, and includes a core 21', a reinforcing layer 22' wrapped around the core 21', and an outer sheath 23' wrapped around the reinforcing layer 22'.
  • the layer 22' can be made of aramid or glass yarn, which can improve the toughness of the cable 2 and make the cable 2 easy to pass through.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the optical cable 2 can adopt the structure shown in FIG. 6, and includes a cable core 21, which is covered with an outer sheath 23, and the outer sheath 23 extends along the extending direction of the cable core 21.
  • the reinforcing core wire 22 is provided, and the reinforcing core wire 22 may be one or more.
  • the reinforcing core wire 22 is two, and the two reinforcing core wires 22 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the cable core 21. Strengthening the core wire 22 can increase the strength and toughness of the cable 2, making the cable 2 easy to pass through.
  • the cable core 21 may be a bare optical fiber or an optical fiber coated with an insulating sheath 24 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the optical cable 2 passing through the wall is peeled off the outer sheath. After only supporting welding, it does not support direct storage.
  • the optical cable 2 passing through the wall peels off the outer sheath and supports both welding and direct storage, but to avoid
  • the insulating sheath 24 of the cable core 21 is adhered to the outer sheath 23, and the material of the insulating sheath 24 and the material of the outer sheath 23 can be selected as materials which are not easily adhered to each other, so that the insulating sheath 24 and the outer sheath 23 are adhered to each other. Do not stick to each other.
  • the adhesive when the mutual bonding is not adhered, the adhesive may not adhere when contacting each other, or may not be adhered when the adhesive is tightly attached, thereby enabling the optical cable to have a certain strength or hardness, so that the optical cable is not easy to be used when the wall is in operation. Bending, the insulating sheath 24 and the outer sheath 23 are not adhered, which facilitates the peeling of the insulating sheath 24 from the outer sheath 23, and prevents the insulating sheath 24 from adhering to the outer sheath 23 when the outer sheath 23 is peeled off. Causes difficulty in separation.
  • the insulating sheath 24 and the outer sheath 23 can be made of LSZH material, but in order to prevent the insulating sheath 24 from adhering to the outer sheath 23, the insulating sheath 24 can be used.
  • the material selection is polyolefin system LSZH material, the material of outer sheath 23 is selected as non-polyolefin system LSZH material; or the material of insulating outer skin 24 is selected as non-polyolefin system LSZH material, material selection of outer sheath 23 It is a polyolefin system LSZH material.
  • the polyolefin system LSZH material and the non-polyolefin system LSZH material are not easily adhered, so that the insulating sheath 24 and the outer sheath 23 are prevented from being easily separated.
  • the hardness of the outer sheath 23 can be selected to be 50 Shore D or more.
  • the polyolefin system LSZH material may be a material comprising polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and the non-polyolefin system LSZH material may be a polyolefin elastomer.
  • PE polyethylene
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • the non-polyolefin system LSZH material may be a polyolefin elastomer.
  • Polyolefin elastomer, POE Polyolefin elastomer
  • TPO thermoplastic elastomer
  • thermoplastic material such as a styrene thermoplastic elastomer.
  • a smoothing agent-like modifier may be added to the material of the outer sheath 23 to reduce the friction coefficient of the surface of the cable 2; and the processing temperature of the outer sheath 23 may also be adjusted. To improve the smoothness of the surface of the optical cable 2, thereby further reducing the friction coefficient, and the friction coefficient can be controlled within 0.2.
  • the material of the reinforcing core wire 22 may be a metal material or a non-metal material, and the reinforcing core wire 22 of the metal material is more rigid and easier to pass through the tube, and the reinforcing core wire 22 of the non-metal material can avoid the conductive and the lightning. Such as security risks, it is more conducive to indoor use.
  • the material of the reinforcing core wire 22 may be a fiber reinforced composite material (Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic, FRP).
  • the present application also provides a combined structure of an optical cable and a through-wall auxiliary tool, including the auxiliary tool described in the embodiment of any of the above auxiliary tools, and the optical cable described in the embodiment of any of the above optical cables, the optical cable The first end is coupled to the second end of the drawbar 11 of the auxiliary tool.
  • the combination structure of the optical cable and the through-wall auxiliary tool provided by the embodiment of the present application can fix the optical cable 2 to the second end of the drawbar 11 and then the traction head 12 of the traction member 1 into the wall when laying the cable into the household cable.
  • the inner tube continuously pushes the optical cable 2. Since the traction head 12 has a smooth surface, it can smoothly and smoothly pass through the corner of the inner wall duct. After the traction head 12 passes the corner, the drawbar 11 connected to the rear of the head can enter.
  • the angle of the elbow since the drawbar 11 is made of an elastic material, it can be elastically deformed, so that a bending deformation approximately curved with an angle can be formed, thereby smoothly passing the corner and guiding the fixed optical cable 2 connected at the second end thereof along the same
  • the arc passes through the corner, which makes the cable 2 bend easily during laying, and the single person can complete the laying of the cable of the household section, and the construction cost is low.
  • the optical cable 2 is disposed in the tube hole of the guide tube 3, and the inner wall of the guide tube 3 and the outer wall of the optical cable 2 have gap.
  • the guiding tube 3 can help the cable 2 to smoothly pass through one or more corners at the entrance of the pipe in the wall, which makes the construction more convenient and more efficient.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the optical cable and the through-wall auxiliary tool when penetrating into the inner wall pipe 4. Even if the inner cable 4 has been laid with other cables 5, the optical cable 2 can be smoothly worn by the through-wall auxiliary tool. Cross the wall inside the pipe 4.
  • the optical fiber connector can be prefabricated at the second end of the optical cable 2, so that the second end of the optical cable 2 can be inserted into the ATB through the optical fiber connector, and the connection and disassembly are convenient, that is, Plug and play.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆，涉及光通信技术领域，该光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，包括牵引件、光缆和导向管，所述牵引件的一端与所述光缆固定连接，所述导向管的管孔用于穿设所述光缆，且所述导向管的内壁与所述光缆的外壁之间具有间隙。

Description

一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆 技术领域
本申请涉及光通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆。
背景技术
随着现代社会的发展、信息量的爆炸增长，人们对网络吞吐能力的需求不断提高。光传输凭借其独有的超高带宽，低电磁干扰等特性，逐渐成为现代通信的主流方案，尤其是现阶段新建的网络，以光纤到户(Fiber To The Home，FTTH)为代表的接入网，正在大规模的部署。
在光纤到户网络建设中，从光线路终端(Optical Line Terminal，OLT)到用户的光纤终端盒(Access terminal box，ATB)，中间需要依次经过馈线段光缆、配线段光缆以及入户段光缆，其中，入户段光缆用于连接分纤盒和光纤终端盒(Access terminal box，ATB)，入户段光缆的施工方式通常是沿墙内的管道铺设，穿墙安装光缆需要管道里预埋拉绳，使用拉缆的方式施工，这种安装方式需要两个人完成安装，一个人在墙内管道的入口处向内推送光缆，另一人在墙内管道的出口处通过拉绳向外拉光缆，施工成本比较高，而现有的墙内管道里很多没有预埋拉绳，并且在实际情况下，墙内管道大多有尖锐的弯角、且距离较长，部分房屋的管道还可能被铜缆等其他缆占据，剩余空间狭小，大外径的光缆安装困难。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供的光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低，且便于光缆通过墙体管道内的多个弯角。
为达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，包括牵引件、光缆和导向管，所述牵引件的一端与所述光缆固定连接，所述导向管的管孔用于穿设所述光缆，且所述导向管的内壁与所述光缆的外壁之间具有间隙。
本申请实施例提供的光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，在铺设入户段光缆时，可先将牵引件穿入墙内，然后将套有导向管的光缆穿入墙内管道，使导向管铺设于靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，并使导向管固定不动，继续向墙内推送光缆，由于导向管的存在，光缆可顺利通过靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，并且由于牵引件在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，因此可引导光缆顺利通过墙内管道的弯角，使铺设施工时光缆过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引件包括牵引杆和固定于所述牵引杆的第一端的牵引头，所述牵引杆由弹性材料制成，所述牵引头具有平滑的表面，所述牵引杆的第二端与所述光缆的一端固定连接。由于牵引头具有平滑的表面，因此在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，牵引头通过弯角之后，连接于头后的牵引杆可进入弯角，由于牵引 杆由弹性材料制成，其可以弹性形变，因此可形成与弯角近似弧度的弯折形变，从而顺利通过弯角并引导光缆沿同样的弧度通过弯角，使铺设施工时光缆过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低。
在可能的实现方式中，所述牵引杆的第二端设有安装孔，所述安装孔沿所述牵引杆的长度方向延伸，所述光缆穿设于所述安装孔内，并与所述安装孔粘接固定。由此，使得光缆安装方便且连接稳固。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引头为球形、椭球形或锥形结构。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引头上开设有通孔。由此，可兼容拉缆的安装方式，且通孔可以减轻拉头的重量，从而减少牵引头和墙内管道之间的摩擦力。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引杆为扁平状杆。从而便于通过空间狭小的墙内管道。
在可能的实现方式中，导向管的管孔内壁涂覆有光滑涂层。从而使光缆在穿过导向管时的摩擦阻力减小。
在可能的实现方式中，导向管的材料为聚烯烃体系低烟无卤型(Low Smoke Zero Halogen，LSZH)材料。
在可能的实现方式中，所述光缆包括缆芯，所述缆芯外包覆有绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮外侧包覆有外护套，所述外护套内沿所述缆芯的延伸方向穿设有加强芯线，所述绝缘外皮与所述外护套相互贴合时互相不黏连。加强芯线可以提高光缆的强度和韧性，使光缆易于穿管。并且可防止在剥离外护套时因绝缘外皮与外护套粘连而导致不易分离。
在可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘外皮的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料；或所述绝缘外皮的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。聚烯烃体系LSZH材料和非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料不易黏连，因此可防止绝缘外皮与外护套不易分离。
在可能的实现方式中，所述外护套的材料中含有爽滑剂。由此可降低光缆表面的摩擦系数，从而降低光缆与管道之间的磨擦力。
在可能的实现方式中，所述光缆的背离所述牵引件的一端预制有光纤连接器。从而可通过光纤连接器将光缆的第二端插接于ATB上，连接方便，实现即插即用。
第二方面，本申请提供一种光缆，包括缆芯，所述缆芯外包覆有绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮外侧包覆有外护套，所述外护套内沿所述缆芯的延伸方向穿设有加强芯线，所述绝缘外皮与所述外护套相互贴合时互相不黏连。在一实现方式中，绝缘外皮与所述外护套相互紧密贴合时互相不黏连，既能使得光缆具有一定的强度或硬度，从而在穿墙操作时光缆不容易弯曲，又可以使得绝缘外皮与外护套不会黏连，有利于绝缘外皮与外护套剥离，
本申请实施例提供的光缆，加强芯线可以提高光缆的强度和韧性，使光缆易于穿管。并且可防止在剥离外护套时因绝缘外皮与外护套粘连而导致不易分离。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘外皮的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料；或所述绝缘外皮的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。聚烯烃体系LSZH材料和非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料不易黏连，因此可防止绝缘外皮与外护套不易分离。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，光缆的一端与一牵引件固定连接。由于牵引件在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，因此可引导光缆顺利通过墙内管道的弯角，使铺设施工时光缆过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，加强芯线为两根，两根加强芯线分别位于缆芯的两侧。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，外护套的硬度可以选择为50邵D以上。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，外护套的材料中含有爽滑剂。由此可降低光缆表面的摩擦系数，从而降低光缆与管道之间的磨擦力。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，加强芯线由金属材料制成。金属材料的加强芯线刚度更大，更易于穿管。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，加强芯线由非金属材料制成。非金属材料的加强芯线可避免导电和引雷等安全隐患，更利于在室内使用。
第三方面，本申请提供一种光缆穿墙用辅助工具，包括牵引件，牵引件包括牵引杆和固定于牵引杆的第一端的牵引头，牵引杆由弹性材料制成，牵引头具有平滑的表面，牵引杆的第二端用于固定光缆。
本申请实施例提供的光缆穿墙用辅助工具，在铺设入户段光缆时，可将光缆固定于牵引杆的第二端，然后将牵引件的牵引头穿入墙内管道并不断推送光缆，由于牵引头具有平滑的表面，因此在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，牵引头通过弯角之后，连接于头后的牵引杆可进入弯角，由于牵引杆由弹性材料制成，其可以弹性形变，因此可形成与弯角近似弧度的弯折形变，从而顺利通过弯角并引导连接在其第二端的固定光缆沿同样的弧度通过弯角，使铺设施工时光缆过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引杆的第二端设有安装孔，安装孔沿牵引杆的长度方向延伸，光缆穿设于安装孔内，并与安装孔粘接固定。由此，使得光缆安装方便且连接稳固。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引头为球形、椭球形或锥形结构。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引头上开设有通孔。由此，可兼容拉缆的安装方式，且通孔可以减轻拉头的重量，从而减少牵引头和墙内管道之间的摩擦力。
在可能的实现方式中，牵引杆为扁平状杆。从而便于通过空间狭小的墙内管道。
在可能的实现方式中，还包括导向管，导向管的管孔用于穿设光缆，导向管的内壁与光缆的外壁之间具有间隙。由此可便于光缆通过靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，使施工更方便、效率更高。
在可能的实现方式中，导向管的管孔内壁涂覆有光滑涂层。从而使光缆在穿过导向管时的摩擦阻力减小。
在可能的实现方式中，上述光滑涂层可以为硅芯层。
在可能的实现方式中，导向管可以采用阻燃材料制作。
在可能的实现方式中，导向管可以采用低烟无卤型材料制作。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例光缆穿墙用辅助工具的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为本申请实施例光缆穿墙用辅助工具带有导向管时的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例光缆穿墙用辅助工具中导向管的截面结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例一种光缆的截面结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例另一种光缆的截面结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构在穿入墙内管道时的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例涉及光缆穿墙用辅助工具、光缆及其组合结构，以下对上述实施例涉及到的概念进行简单说明：
光纤：全称为光导纤维，是一种由玻璃或塑料制成的纤维，可作为光传导工具。
光缆：光缆是一定数量的光纤按照一定方式组成缆芯，外包有外皮，有的还包覆外护套，用以实现光信号传输的一种通信线路。
光纤终端盒：光纤终端盒是一条光缆的终接头,他的一头是光缆,另一头是尾纤,相当于是把一条光缆拆分成单条光纤的设备。
如图1、图2所示，本申请实施例提供了光缆穿墙用辅助工具，包括牵引件1，牵引件1包括牵引杆11和固定于牵引杆11的第一端的牵引头12，牵引杆11由弹性材料制成，牵引头12具有平滑的表面，牵引杆11的第二端用于固定光缆2。
本申请实施例提供的光缆穿墙用辅助工具，在铺设入户段光缆2时，可将光缆2固定于牵引杆11的第二端，然后将牵引件1的牵引头12穿入墙内管道并不断推送光缆2，由于牵引头12具有平滑的表面，因此在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，牵引头12通过弯角之后，连接于头后的牵引杆11可进入弯角，由于牵引杆11由弹性材料制成，其可以弹性形变，因此可形成与弯角近似弧度的弯折形变，从而顺利通过弯角并引导连接在其第二端的固定光缆2沿同样的弧度通过弯角，使铺设施工时光缆2过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆2的铺设，施工成本低。
为了便于将光缆2固定于牵引杆11上，如图2所示，可在牵引杆11的第二端设置安装孔111，安装孔111沿牵引杆11的长度方向延伸，然后将光缆2穿设于安装孔111内，并与安装孔111粘接固定即可。该结构安装方便且连接稳固。
其中，牵引头12的形状可以有多种选择，只要具有平滑的导向面、有利于通过弯角即可，例如，牵引头12可以为球形、椭球形或锥形结构等，球形、椭球形或锥形结构在通过弯角时其外表面均可对牵引头12形成导向，从而使牵引头12便于通过弯角，防止牵引头12在弯角处卡死。
为了使辅助工具能够兼顾拉缆的安装方式，如图2所示，可在牵引头12上开设有通孔121。当墙体管道内预埋有拉绳时，可将拉绳系于通孔121处，通过在墙内管道的出口处拉动拉绳来使光缆2穿过墙内管道。并且通孔121可以减轻拉头的重量，从而减少牵引头12和墙内管道之间的摩擦力。
牵引杆11的结构也可有多种选择，例如，可将牵引杆11制作为圆柱形杆、棱柱形杆或扁平状杆等，为了缩小牵引杆11的截面积，如图1、图2所示，可将牵引杆11制作为扁平状杆，当圆柱形杆的截面直径与扁平状杆的宽度相等时，由于扁平状杆的 厚度较薄，因此扁平状杆所占空间更小，从而便于通过空间狭小的墙内管道。
具体地，牵引杆11的材料可以使用弹性好的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(Thermoplastic Urethane，TPU)材料，其弯曲模量约为1200Mpa，硬度约为76D，由此使得牵引杆11具备恰当的强韧度。
为了便于光缆2通过靠近墙内管道入口处的弯角，如图3所示，可在光缆2上套设导向管3，并使导向管3的内壁与光缆2的外壁之间具有间隙。在铺设光缆2时，牵引件1穿入墙内管道，然后将套有导向管3的光缆2穿入墙内管道，使导向管3铺设于靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，并使导向管3固定不动，继续向墙内推送光缆2，由于导向管3的存在，光缆2可顺利通过靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，使施工更方便、效率更高。
如图4所示，为了减小导向管3和光缆2之间的摩擦力，可在导向管3的管孔内壁涂覆光滑涂层31。从而使光缆2在穿过导向管3时的摩擦阻力减小。具体地，可在导向管3的管孔内壁涂覆硅芯层，从而使导向管3的管孔内壁的摩擦系数小于或等于0.2。
其中，导向管3可以采用阻燃材料制作，例如可采用聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride，PVC)制作，还可采用低烟无卤型(Low Smoke Zero Halogen，LSZH)材料制作，LSZH材料阻燃性能较好，且燃烧时释放的烟雾和致癌物质少，有利于室内环保。
在上述辅助工具的辅助作用下，光缆2可以较为方便的穿过墙内管道，而光缆2自身的结构特性也会影响光缆2的穿管便利性，在一种可能的实现方式中，光缆2截面结构可以采用图5所示的圆形结构，包括缆芯21＇、包覆于缆芯21＇外的加强层22＇、以及包覆于加强层22＇外的外护套23＇，加强层22＇可以采用芳纶或者玻璃纱，该结构可以改善光缆2的韧性，使光缆2易于穿管。
另外，光缆2截面结构可以采用图6所示的结构，包括缆芯21，所述缆芯21外包覆有外护套23，所述外护套23内沿所述缆芯21的延伸方向穿设有加强芯线22，加强芯线22可以为一条或多条，图6所示的结构中加强芯线22为两条，两条加强芯线22对称设置于缆芯21的两侧。加强芯线22可以提高光缆2的强度和韧性，使光缆2易于穿管。
在上述实施例中，缆芯21可以是裸光纤也可以是图6所示的包覆有绝缘外皮24的光纤，当缆芯21为裸光纤时，穿过墙体的光缆2剥开外护套后只支持熔接，不支持直接盘储，当缆芯21为包覆有绝缘外皮24的光纤时，穿过墙体的光缆2剥开外护套后既支持熔接又支持直接盘储，但为了避免缆芯21的绝缘外皮24与外护套23粘连，可将绝缘外皮24的材料与外护套23的材料选择为互相不易黏连的材料，使绝缘外皮24与外护套23相互贴合时互相不黏连。其中，相互贴合时不黏连可以是相互接触时不黏连，也可以是紧密贴合时不黏连，进而既能使得光缆具有一定的强度或硬度，从而在穿墙操作时光缆不容易弯曲，又可以使得绝缘外皮24与外护套23不会黏连，有利于绝缘外皮24与外护套23剥离，可防止在剥离外护套23时因绝缘外皮24与外护套23粘连而导致不易分离。
具体地，由于LSZH材料环保和阻燃性能较好，因此可将绝缘外皮24与外护套23均选用LSZH材料制作，但为了防止绝缘外皮24与外护套23黏连，可将绝缘外皮 24的材料选择为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，将外护套23的材料选择为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料；或将绝缘外皮24的材料选择为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，将外护套23的材料选择为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。聚烯烃体系LSZH材料和非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料不易黏连，因此可防止绝缘外皮24与外护套23不易分离。外护套23的硬度可以选择为50邵D以上。
具体地，聚烯烃体系LSZH材料可以为包含聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer，EVA)的材料，非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料可以为包含聚烯烃弹性体(Polyolefin elastomer，POE)、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体(ThermoplasticPolyolefin，TPO)、苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体等热塑性材料。
为了降低光缆2与管道之间的磨擦力，可在外护套23的材料中添加爽滑剂类的改性剂来降低光缆2表面的摩擦系数；同时还可通过调节外护套23的加工温度，改善光缆2表面光滑程度，从而进一步减小摩擦系数，可将摩擦系数控制在0.2以内。
其中，加强芯线22的材料可以为金属材料也可以为非金属材料，金属材料的加强芯线22刚度更大，更易于穿管，而非金属材料的加强芯线22可避免导电和引雷等安全隐患，更利于在室内使用。具体地，加强芯线22的材料可以采用纤维增强复合材料(Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic，FRP)。
本申请还提供了一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，包括上述任一辅助工具的实施例中所述的辅助工具以及上述任一光缆的实施例中所述的光缆，所述光缆的第一端连接于所述辅助工具的牵引杆11的第二端。
本申请实施例提供的光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，在铺设入户段光缆时，可将光缆2固定于牵引杆11的第二端，然后将牵引件1的牵引头12穿入墙内管道并不断推送光缆2，由于牵引头12具有平滑的表面，因此在通过墙内管道的弯角时可顺利平滑通过，牵引头12通过弯角之后，连接于头后的牵引杆11可进入弯角，由于牵引杆11由弹性材料制成，其可以弹性形变，因此可形成与弯角近似弧度的弯折形变，从而顺利通过弯角并引导连接在其第二端的固定光缆2沿同样的弧度通过弯角，使铺设施工时光缆2过弯容易，单人即可完成入户段光缆的铺设，施工成本低。
如图3所示，当辅助工具包括导向管3时，所述光缆2穿设于所述导向管3的管孔内，且所述导向管3的内壁与所述光缆2的外壁之间具有间隙。导向管3可帮助光缆2顺利通过靠近墙内管道入口处的一个或多个弯角，使施工更方便、效率更高。
图7所示为光缆和穿墙辅助工具在穿入墙内管道4时的结构示意图，即使墙内管道4已经铺设有其他线缆5，光缆2仍可在穿墙辅助工具的作用下顺利穿过墙内管道4。
为了便于将入户段光缆连接于ATB上，可在光缆2的第二端预制光纤连接器，从而可通过光纤连接器将光缆2的第二端插接于ATB上，连接拆卸方便，实现即插即用。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构，其特征在于，包括牵引件、光缆和导向管，所述牵引件的一端与所述光缆固定连接，所述导向管的管孔用于穿设所述光缆，且所述导向管的内壁与所述光缆的外壁之间具有间隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述牵引件包括牵引杆和固定于所述牵引杆的第一端的牵引头，所述牵引杆由弹性材料制成，所述牵引头具有平滑的表面，所述牵引杆的第二端与所述光缆的一端固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述牵引杆的第二端设有安装孔，所述安装孔沿所述牵引杆的长度方向延伸，所述光缆穿设于所述安装孔内，并与所述安装孔粘接固定。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述牵引头为球形、椭球形或锥形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述牵引头上开设有通孔。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述牵引杆为扁平状杆。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述导向管的管孔内壁涂覆有光滑涂层。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述导向管的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述光缆包括缆芯，所述缆芯外包覆有绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮外侧包覆有外护套，所述外护套内沿所述缆芯的延伸方向穿设有加强芯线，所述绝缘外皮与所述外护套相互贴合时互相不黏连。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述绝缘外皮的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料；或所述绝缘外皮的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述外护套的材料中含有爽滑剂。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的组合结构，其特征在于，所述光缆的背离所述牵引件的一端预制有光纤连接器。
  13. 一种光缆，其特征在于，包括缆芯，所述缆芯外包覆有绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮外侧包覆有外护套，所述外护套内沿所述缆芯的延伸方向穿设有加强芯线，所述绝缘外皮与所述外护套相互贴合时互相不黏连。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的光缆，其特征在于，所述绝缘外皮的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料；或所述绝缘外皮的材料为非聚烯烃体系LSZH材料，所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃体系LSZH材料。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的光缆，其特征在于，所述光缆的一端与一牵引件固定连接。
PCT/CN2018/084932 2018-04-27 2018-04-27 一种光缆和穿墙辅助工具的组合结构及光缆 WO2019205109A1 (zh)

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