WO2019201533A1

WO2019201533A1 - Method and device for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants in a chemical reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2019201533A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/056815
Authority: WO
Inventors: Anja Veronica RATH; Bernd Stuke; Lars Olems
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2018-04-20
Filing date: 2019-03-19
Publication date: 2019-10-24
Also published as: DE102018206106A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants (1, 2) in a chemical reactor (3), wherein high pressure is applied to at least one reactant (1) and the reactant is injected into the chemical reactor (3) under high pressure. A high-pressure injection valve (4) with a nozzle (5) and a nozzle needle (6) which can carry out a stroke movement and interacts with the nozzle (5) is used to inject the reactant. The invention additionally relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Description

description

Title:

Method and apparatus for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants in a chemical reactor

The invention relates to a method for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants in a chemical reactor and an on device for carrying out the method.

State of the art

Reactors are used in the chemical industry to react with different reactants. Perhaps the best known chemical reactor is a stirred tank, also known as a stirred tank. In stirred tanks, chemical reactions are carried out in the liquid phase. Depending on the reactants used, the reaction time can be very long. Here, the size of the Re actor as well as the required residence time of the reactants in the reactor play a role.

Stirring tanks are usually tanks made of steel, which are equipped with a stirrer and a heating jacket. Through baffles baffles protrude into the container. These prevent the contents of the container from rotating with the stirrer, so that a mixing of the reactants or reactants is achieved. In addition, further nozzles may be provided, which serve for the feed of the reactants and / or the introduction of measuring instruments. At the bottom of the container is usually a drain pipe, which is closed, for example, with a movable valve plate ge.

In such a container carried out chemical reactions are usually carried out in batches. To speed up the reaction can or can the pressure and / or the temperature in the container are increased. However, there is a general need to further reduce response time to make the process more efficient, especially in industrial applications. To remedy this situation is an object of the present invention. To solve the problem, the method with the features of claim 1 and the device with the features of claim 7 are proposed. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the jewei time dependent claims.

Disclosure of the invention

In the proposed method for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants in a chemical reactor, at least one reactant is pressurized and injected under high pressure into the chemical reactor. For injecting the reactant while a high-pressure injection valve is used with a nozzle and a cooperating with the nozzle hubbeweglich Dü sennadel.

Such high-pressure injection valves are known from fuel injection technology, so that this technique can be used. The injection by means of such valves allows a defined droplet size and droplet distribution. Due to the injection under high pressure very small droplets of Reaktan th can be achieved, so that an increase in surface area takes place, which contributes to a acceleration of the desired Be chemical reaction in the reactor. For example, syntheses and / or oxidation reactions can be promoted in this way.

At least one further reactant may already be present in the reactor or even if it is injected under high pressure into the reactor. The reactants may be liquid and / or gaseous substances. In the case of a gaseous reactant to be introduced into the reactor, the term "injection" also includes the introduction of gaseous substances, commonly referred to as "blowing in".

The injection of at least one reactant under high pressure into the reactor represents a much more dynamic process than that known from the prior art Stirring. Mitels the high-pressure injection high impulse who introduced the who, which lead to a thorough mixing of the reactants in the reactor and thus to an acceleration of the chemical reaction. Preferably, the injection pressure is above 1,400 bar, more preferably above 1,600 bar, and more preferably above 2,000 bar.

The injection of a reactant by means of a high-pressure injection valve is carried out before preferably in a pulsed process. This means that several consecutive injection events are controlled via the lifting movement of the nozzle needle. In this way, even very small amounts can be displayed, so that the measurement or the dosage of the reactant to be injected is improved. About the parameters control duration, injection pressure and nozzle geometry of the Hochdruckein injection valve, the metering or metering of the reactant can easily be varied who the. A pulsed method also has the advantage that the vote is facilitated tert. Furthermore, smaller and therefore energy-saving components for Be provision of pressure and / or flow can be used.

For large-scale industrial processes, large injection quantities can be achieved by high switching numbers and / or parallel arrangement of several injection valves.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two Re aktanten each subjected to high pressure and injected using a high-pressure injection valve under high pressure into the reactor. This means that at least two high-pressure injection valves are arranged on the reac tor. The nozzles of the high-pressure injection valves are preferably aligned at an angle to each other, so that the reactants meet in the reactor. This shear forces are generated, which lead to a very fine atomization of the reactants. In this way, a further acceleration of the desired chemical reaction is achieved.

Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed that at least one reactant is injected into a further reactant already present in the reactor. The reactant injected into the reactor penetrates deep into the already existing reactants, so that high shear rates are achieved, which contribute to a rapid mixing and thus to an accelerated chemical reaction of the reactants. Mitel The high-pressure injection can also deliberately cavitation bubbles are introduced into the already existing reactants ago, which then collapse and thereby generate turbulence in the reactor, which also contribute to an acceleration of the ge wished chemical reaction. The reac tant already present in the reactor is preferably fed via a lateral feed to the reactor, wherein wei terhin preferably the feed takes place continuously.

In a further development of the invention it is proposed that the reactor is only partially filled with a reactant into which then at least one further reactant is injected. Depending on the level of the reactor, a gas layer, in particular an air layer, forms above the reactant present, through which the further reactant is injected. This has the advantage that the nozzle of the high-pressure injection valve for injecting the further reactant does not come into con tact with the reactants already present in the reactor.

The reactants can each be a liquid. In addition, however, at least one reactant may also be a gas. For example, a gaseous medium can be used as a reactant, which is injected under high pressure into the reactor. From the prior art, a so-called bubble column reactor is known, which allows the injection of a gas into a liquid. This entste hen comparatively large bubbles. With the help of the proposed Hochdruckeinsprit tion very small bubbles can be generated during injection of the gaseous medium, so that the reaction rate increases.

As a further development measure, it is further proposed that at least one reactant is passed through a mixing chamber during injection into the reactor, in which a white teres medium is included, which is entrained by the reactant. In this way, with the help of the high-pressure injection valve at least one other medium brought in and evenly distributed. The further medium may in particular be an auxiliary or additive, for example in the form of a solid. In particular, nanoparticles can be used as solids, since they are particularly small and light, so that they are carried along by the reactant to be injected. For carrying out the method according to the invention, a device is furthermore proposed that comprises a reactor and at least one high-pressure injection valve assigned to the reactor. The high-pressure injection valve has a nozzle and a nozzle movable with the hub movable nozzle needle for injecting egg nes reactant into the reactor under high pressure.

The high-pressure injection valve may in particular be a known from the fuel injection technology known valve, the injection pressures over 2,000 bar made light. This means that high pulses can be generated in the reactor, which contribute to a acceleration of the desired chemical reaction. Furthermore, very small quantities can be displayed, which enable an exact metering or metering of the reactant to be injected.

It is further proposed that the device comprises at least one high-pressure pump for compressing a reactant. The high-pressure pump can be designed, for example, as a piston pump analogous to a high-pressure fuel pump. In this respect, in turn can be resorted to known components of the fuel injection technology, so that the device can be comparatively inexpensive Umset zen.

In order to inject at least one reactant into a reactant already present in the reactor, it is proposed that the reactor has an inlet for a further reactant. The feed can be arranged in particular laterally with respect to the reactor, while the at least one high-pressure injection valve is preferably arranged above the reactor. Gravity in this case supports deep penetration of the injected reactant into the reactants already in the reactor.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzle is followed by a mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, another medium may be present, which is entrained in the injection of the reactant of this. In this way, with the reactant, an additional substance, in particular excipient, can be introduced into the reactor. This may in particular be a solid material, preferably a solid in the form of nanoparticles. For training fertilg the mixing chamber is preferably placed on the nozzle an adapter so that the nozzle and the adapter together delimit the mixing chamber. In this way can be dispensed with a separate fitting for the addition of the further substance.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:

1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention according to a first preferred embodiment,

2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment,

3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention according to a third preferred embodiment,

Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section through an inventive device according to a fourth preferred embodiment and

Fig. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section through an inventive device according to a fifth preferred embodiment.

Detailed description of the drawings

The device shown in FIG. 1 comprises a reactor 3, above which a high-pressure injection valve 4 is arranged. The high-pressure injection valve 4 has a nozzle 5 and a hub-movable nozzle needle 6 cooperating with the nozzle 5, via the stroke of which at least one injection opening 14 formed in the nozzle 5 can be released. Via the injection opening 14, a high-pressure reactant 1 can be injected into the reactor 3. The high-pressure admission of the reactant 1 by means of an upstream high-pressure pump 10 via an inlet 13, the Re is actant the high-pressure pump 10 is supplied. In the reactor 3, a further reactant 2 is added, in which the first reactant 1 is injected by means of the high-pressure injection valve 4. In this case, the first reac tant 1 penetrates deeply into the second reactant 2, so that shear forces lead to a rupture of the second reactant 2. In this way, a thorough mixing of the two reactants 1, 2 is achieved, which leads to an acceleration of the desired chemical reaction.

FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention. Here, the nozzle 5 of the high-pressure injection valve 4 does not submerge in the second reactant 2 already present in the reactor 3, so that contact of the nozzle 5 with the reactant 2 is avoided.

FIG. 3 is a device according to the invention with a reactor 3 with a seitli chen inlet 7 for the other reactants 2 refer. On the side to run 7, the further reactant 2 to the reactor 3 can be fed. On the bottom side, the reactor has an outlet 12, via which the reactants 1, 2 are removed from the reactor 3 after the chemical reaction.

As shown by way of example in FIG. 4, in addition to the two reactants 1, 2, a further medium 9 can be introduced into the reactor 3 in a simple manner. Before the nozzle 5, an adapter 11 is arranged for this purpose, in which a mixing chamber 8 is out forms, in which the further medium 9 is received. The first reactant 1 is then injected via the mixing chamber 8 into the reactor 3. The reac tant 1 tears the other medium 9 with.

A further preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5. Here are two reactants 1, 2 respectively by means of a high-pressure pump 10 subjected to high pressure and injected in each case under high pressure by means of a high-pressure injection valve 4 in the reactor 3. The nozzles 5 of the two high-pressure injection valves 4 are aligned obliquely to each other, so that the spray rays meet or intersect. In this way, a very fine atomization of both reactants 1, 2 is achieved, so that an increase in surface area is effected, which leads to an acceleration of the desired chemical reaction.

Claims

claims

1. A method for accelerating a chemical reaction between at least two reactants (1, 2) in a chemical reactor (3), wherein at least one reac tant (1) subjected to high pressure and under high pressure in the chemical reac tor (3) is injected , wherein for injecting the reactant, a high-pressure injection valve (4) with a nozzle (5) and with the nozzle (5) cooperating hubbe movable nozzle needle (6) is used.

2. The method according to claim 1,

characterized in that at least two reactants (1, 2) are each subjected to high pressure and injected using a high-pressure injector (4) under high pressure in the reactor (3), wherein preferably the nozzles (5) of the high-pressure injection valves (4) obliquely to each other be aligned.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that at least one reactant (1) is injected into a reactant (2) already present in the reactor (3), which is preferably fed to the reactor (3) via a lateral inlet (7), wherein preferably the supply takes place continuously via the lateral inlet (7).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the reactor (3) is only partially filled with a Reaktan th (2), in which then at least one further reactant (1) is injected.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that a gaseous medium as a reactant (1, 2) verwen is used, which is injected under high pressure into the reactor (3).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least one reactant (1) is passed during injection into the reactor (3) through a mixing chamber (8) in which a further medium (9) is entrained, which is entrained by the reactant (1).

7. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a reactor (3) and at least one reactor (3) associated high-pressure injection valve (4) with a nozzle (5) and one with the nozzle (5) cooperating liftable nozzle needle (6) for injecting a Reaktan th (1, 2) in the reactor (3) under high pressure.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7,

characterized in that at least one high pressure pump (10) is provided for compressing a reactant (1, 2).

9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8,

characterized in that the reactor (3) has an inlet (7) for a further reactant (2).

10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9,

characterized in that the nozzle (5) is followed by a mixing chamber (8), which is preferably ausgebil det by an on the nozzle (5) mounted adapter (11).