WO2019201057A1 - 摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201057A1
WO2019201057A1 PCT/CN2019/079497 CN2019079497W WO2019201057A1 WO 2019201057 A1 WO2019201057 A1 WO 2019201057A1 CN 2019079497 W CN2019079497 W CN 2019079497W WO 2019201057 A1 WO2019201057 A1 WO 2019201057A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
camera
optical waveguide
waveguide device
camera body
lens group
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/079497
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈建江
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019201057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201057A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • H04M1/0264—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a camera module assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/667—Camera operation mode switching, e.g. between still and video, sport and normal or high- and low-resolution modes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a camera, an imaging device, a camera switching method, an apparatus, a storage medium, and an electronic device.
  • the front camera on the terminal (for example, a smart phone) is placed on the handset side above the terminal, making it difficult for the screen to expand upward.
  • Increasing the screen ratio (that is, increasing the proportion of the terminal screen on the screen) is an important development trend of the terminal.
  • the high screen ratio can better meet the user's visual aesthetic requirements for the terminal, and can significantly improve the market competitiveness of the terminal product.
  • An important factor affecting the increase of the screen ratio is the layout of the front camera of the terminal. Therefore, how to solve the camera layout and increase the screen ratio is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the camera layout scheme adopted in the related art is to adjust the front camera to the side of the lower side of the mobile phone, but the consequences of the self-timer are not suitable, resulting in a problem of large chin.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a camera, an imaging device, a camera switching method, a device, a storage medium, and an electronic device, so as to at least solve the problem that the screen occupation ratio of the terminal cannot be effectively improved in the related art.
  • a camera comprising: a camera lens group, an optical waveguide device, and a camera body, wherein one end of the optical waveguide device is disposed opposite to the camera lens group, and the other end is opposite to the camera
  • the bodies are oppositely disposed, and the optical waveguide device is configured to transmit light collected by the camera lens group to the camera body.
  • an image pickup apparatus including a display panel and the camera described in the above embodiment, wherein the camera body is located below the display panel.
  • a camera switching method which is applied to the image pickup apparatus described in the above embodiments, comprising: receiving when the camera body is disposed on a back side of the image pickup apparatus Switching instructions; switching the type of the camera body according to the switching instruction, wherein the type of the camera body comprises a rear camera and a non-post camera.
  • a camera switching device which is applied to the image pickup apparatus according to the above embodiment, comprising: a receiving module, configured to be provided when the camera body is disposed in the image capturing apparatus On the back side, receiving a switching instruction; the switching module is configured to switch the type of the camera body according to the switching instruction, wherein the type of the camera body comprises a rear camera and a non-rear camera.
  • a storage medium having stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to perform the steps of the above method embodiments when executed.
  • an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, the processor being configured to execute the computer program to perform the above method embodiment The steps in .
  • the camera lens group and the optical waveguide device are introduced in the camera, the orientation of the imaging light of the camera is changed, so that the camera body does not need to be disposed on the front end surface of the terminal, thereby effectively improving the screen ratio of the terminal, thereby solving the related technology.
  • the screen ratio of the terminal cannot be effectively improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a camera layout in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a first layout view of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a light ray of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a second layout diagram of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a second layout of a camera in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide device overlying a camera body in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide device not covering a camera body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pre-shooting mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rear shooting mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a third layout view of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a fourth layout diagram of a camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a camera switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the structure of a camera switching device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a mobile phone front camera layout
  • FIG. 1 is a left side view of the mobile phone, that is, from the side of the mobile phone where the volume key or the key is set. Looking at the past view, Figure 3-5, Figure 11-12 is also the left view):
  • FIG. 1 is the camera body
  • 2 is the camera lens
  • 3 is the display panel
  • D1 is the distance from the edge of the camera lens to the edge of the camera body. Since the camera body is about 7x7mm and the lens diameter is about 1mm, the initial estimate is:
  • a camera is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the camera includes a camera lens group 22, an optical waveguide device 24 and a camera body 26, wherein the optical waveguide device 24 has one end and the camera lens group 22 described above. The other end is disposed opposite to the camera body 26 described above, and the optical waveguide device 24 is disposed to transmit the light collected by the camera lens group 22 to the camera body 26.
  • the optical waveguide device 24 may be provided as a freely slidable device. Of course, it may be provided as a non-slidable device.
  • the optical waveguide device 24 is connected to the camera at one end.
  • the lens group 22 is connected to the camera body 26 at the other end.
  • FIG. 3 is a layout view of a camera provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein 4 is an optical waveguide sheet (corresponding to the above-described optical waveguide device 24), and 5 is a lens group (corresponding to the above-described camera lens group 22).
  • the display panel can be closer to the upper edge of the mobile phone (from the original upper edge of 4mm to 1mm from the upper edge), and the corresponding display screen can be expanded by 3mm.
  • the camera body 7x7 mm and the lens size 1 mm listed in Fig. 3 are an example data, which may be different in practical application.
  • the plane of the optical waveguide device 24 connected to the camera body 26 is perpendicular to the light entering direction of the camera lens group 22; or the optical waveguide device 24 is connected to the plane of the camera body 26 and the camera lens group 22.
  • the light entering direction is parallel.
  • the plane connecting the optical waveguide device 24 to the camera body 26 is perpendicular to the direction of light entering the camera lens group 22. In the case of parallel, it is necessary to use a mirror to conduct light.
  • the optical waveguide device 24 is provided with a first grating and a second grating, wherein when the plane of the optical waveguide device 24 connected to the camera body 26 is perpendicular to the direction of light entering the camera lens group 22
  • the first grating is disposed at a position opposite to the camera lens group 22 in the optical waveguide device 24.
  • the first The grating is disposed in a side of the optical waveguide device 24 remote from the camera body 26; the second grating is disposed at a position in the optical waveguide device 24 that faces the lens on the camera body 26.
  • the camera lens group (corresponding to the camera lens group 22 described above), the camera body (corresponding to the camera body 26 described above), and the optical waveguide device (corresponding to the optical waveguide device 24 described above)
  • There may be a plurality of positional relationships, wherein when the plane of the optical waveguide device is connected to the camera body is perpendicular to the light entering direction of the camera lens group, and when the camera lens group and the camera body are located on the same side of the optical waveguide device a first grating and a second grating are disposed on the same side of the optical waveguide device, and a side on which the first grating and the second grating are located is a side of the optical waveguide device that faces away from the position of the camera lens group and the camera body;
  • the plane of the optical waveguide device connected to the camera body is perpendicular to the light entering direction of the camera lens group, and when the camera lens group and the camera body are located on different sides of the optical waveguide device, the first grating and the second grating are disposed
  • the light emitted by the shooting target is converted into parallel light by the lens group 5, and reaches the holographic grating A (corresponding to the first grating described above) of the optical waveguide sheet 4,
  • the diffraction effect of the holographic grating enables the parallel light to change the transmission direction, satisfies the total reflection condition, and propagates without loss along the waveguide.
  • the parallel ray reaches the holographic grating B (corresponding to the second grating described above), the total reflection condition is destroyed.
  • the parallel light is emitted from the optical waveguide device to reach the camera lens 2 (corresponding to the camera body 26 described above), and the light is imaged by the camera lens 2 on the photosensitive device of the camera.
  • the optical waveguide sheet 4 includes gratings A, B, which are one part).
  • the camera in the embodiment of the present disclosure mainly consists of a framing lens group (including a single lens, a multi-lens) (corresponding to the lens group 5 in FIG. 4, that is, the above-mentioned camera lens group 22), and an optical waveguide sheet ( Corresponding to 4 in Fig. 4, including grating A, grating B), camera lens (corresponding to 2 in Fig. 4) and other components.
  • the light of the target is concentrated by the framing lens group to form parallel rays containing image information.
  • the light is incident from one end of the optical waveguide, propagates a certain distance in the optical waveguide, is reflected from the other end of the optical waveguide, and the light is transmitted to the camera.
  • the camera lens is concentrated and imaged on the camera's photosensitive sheet.
  • the target light of the framing, through the framing lens, the optical waveguide and other devices, finally reaches the camera, and the camera optical axis is separated from the framing optical axis, which greatly facilitates the layout design of the camera and the framing lens group on the electronic device.
  • FIG. 5 is a layout view of another camera provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the camera lens 2 (corresponding to the camera body 26 described above) may be disposed on the back side of the terminal, and the light on the side of the terminal screen.
  • the lens group 6 (corresponding to the above-mentioned camera lens group 22, also corresponding to the aforementioned lens group 5)
  • the optical waveguide sheet 4 enters the camera lens 2 (compared with FIG. 3, the optical waveguide is different due to the mounting direction of the camera lens
  • the position of the grating B on the top needs to be adjusted).
  • the bottom view of Figure 5 can be referred to Figure 6 ( Figures 6-10 are bottom views, taking the mobile phone as an example, the bottom view is a view from the back of the phone).
  • the camera further includes a connecting device and a mobile device, wherein the connecting device is connected to the optical waveguide device 24 at one end and the mobile device at the other end; the mobile device is configured to move the optical waveguide device through the connecting device twenty four.
  • the mobile device includes a sliding screw and a micro motor, wherein the sliding screw is coupled to the connecting device, and is configured to drive the optical waveguide device 24 through the connecting device when the sliding screw moves.
  • the micromotor is coupled to a sliding screw that is configured to control the movement of the sliding screw.
  • the moving manner of the optical waveguide device to move includes one of the following: parallel movement, rotational movement.
  • the layout shown in FIG. 5 can achieve a camera with both front-end, top-down, and back-shooting functions through appropriate improvements (such as moving optical waveguides).
  • multiple types of cameras of the terminal can be implemented with one camera. This reduces the area of one camera in the upper baseband layout of the terminal, providing greater flexibility for the overall layout of the terminal.
  • the following description takes the camera type including the front camera and the rear camera as an example: as shown in FIG. 7, where 7 is a fixing frame (corresponding to the above-mentioned connecting device), the optical waveguide device (ie, 4 in FIG. 7) Connected to the sliding screw.
  • FIG. 8 is a sliding screw
  • 9 is a micro motor and a speed reducer.
  • the micro motor drives the screw to slide the holder and move the optical waveguide device.
  • the optical waveguide covers the camera lens and the lens group, the function of the front camera is realized.
  • the optical waveguide is removed, and the function of the rear camera is realized when the camera lens is not covered.
  • the optical waveguide of Figure 7 is overlaid on the camera lens, which is in a proactive shooting function.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the optical waveguide device after it has been removed, in which case the optical waveguide device does not cover the camera lens position, which is a post-shooting function.
  • the micro motor, the sliding screw, and the like enumerated in the embodiments of the present disclosure are used for moving the optical waveguide device, and the function of covering the camera lens and covering is not covered, so that the terminal camera is in the foreground. , the function of the back shot switch.
  • Other types of mobile devices can also be employed, for example, using an electromagnet to move the optical waveguide.
  • the above method for moving the optical waveguide device may adopt a translation mode or a rotation movement manner. For example, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the conversion of the camera function is realized by rotating the optical waveguide device, wherein FIG. 9 is The front shooting mode, Figure 10 is the rear shooting mode.
  • the camera further includes a mirror, wherein the mirror is disposed to connect the camera lens to one end when the plane connecting the camera body 26 of the optical waveguide device 24 is parallel to the light entering direction of the camera lens group 22. The other end is connected to the optical waveguide device 24, and the mirror is arranged to vertically reflect the light collected by the camera lens group 22 onto the optical waveguide device 24.
  • the optical waveguide device has the characteristics of making the image light vertically deflected and has a thin thickness. As shown in FIG. 11, it is a camera layout manner, because the layout method provides a large space for the framing lens, and the lens group 10 (corresponding to the above)
  • the layout of the camera lens group 22) can be used with a zoom camera with a high requirement in the direction of the optical axis of the viewfinder, which can greatly enhance the terminal shooting function.
  • (11) is a right-angle mirror (corresponding to the above-mentioned mirror).
  • the diameter of the lens 10 can be made large, for example, the aperture is 4-5 mm to obtain more light and enhance the dark light shooting effect.
  • the light of the shooting target is concentrated by the zoom camera 10 to form parallel rays, and reaches the right angle mirror (11).
  • the light is reflected and coupled into the grating A of the optical waveguide 4 by the mirror (11), and the parallel light changes direction, and after reaching the grating B, Reflected into the lens 2 of the camera 1, the lens 2 images the light on the camera photosensitive sheet.
  • the distance between the camera body and the camera lens group need not be fixed, and can be flexibly changed, which is a component layout near the terminal camera. Provides great convenience, that is, the distance between the camera lens group and the camera body is adjustable. As shown in FIG. 12, a distance diagram between the camera and the lens is opened, wherein 6 is a camera lens group, and 2 is a camera body.
  • an image pickup apparatus comprising a display panel (corresponding to 3 in FIG. 3 described above) and the camera described in the first embodiment, wherein the camera body 26 is located below the display panel .
  • the camera lens group 22 and the optical waveguide device 24 are introduced in the camera, the orientation of the imaging light of the camera is changed, so that the camera body 26 does not need to be disposed on the front end surface of the terminal, but is disposed under the display panel.
  • the screen ratio of the terminal is effectively improved, thereby solving the problem that the screen occupation ratio of the terminal cannot be effectively improved in the related art.
  • the camera lens group is disposed at the front end or the top end of the image pickup apparatus, and the front end may be referred to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, and the top end may be referred to FIG.
  • the camera in the case that the camera lens group 22 is disposed at the top end of the image capturing apparatus, the camera includes a mirror, wherein the mirror is connected to the camera lens group 22 at one end and the optical waveguide device is connected to the other end. 24, arranged to vertically reflect the light collected by the camera lens group 22 onto the optical waveguide device 24.
  • the arrangement of the mirror can be seen in detail in FIG.
  • the camera device includes one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet, and a wearable device.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a camera switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may be applied to the image capturing apparatus described in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, the process includes the following steps:
  • Step S1302 when the camera body 26 is disposed on the back of the image capturing apparatus, receiving a switching instruction
  • Step S1304 the type of the camera body 26 is switched according to the above switching instruction, wherein the type of the camera body 26 includes a rear camera and a non-rear camera.
  • the above operation may be performed by the above-mentioned image pickup apparatus.
  • the above switching instruction may be triggered by the user touching a button on the imaging device, or may be triggered according to some predetermined conditions, for example, according to the intensity of the light.
  • the camera lens group 22 and the optical waveguide device 24 are introduced in the camera, the orientation of the imaging light of the camera is changed, so that the camera body 26 does not need to be disposed on the front end surface of the terminal, thereby effectively increasing the screen ratio of the terminal. Therefore, the problem that the screen occupation ratio of the terminal cannot be effectively improved in the related art is solved.
  • switching the type of the camera body 26 according to the above switching instruction includes one of: when the camera body 26 is a non-post camera of the imaging device, controlling the optical waveguide according to a switching instruction The device 24 is moved away from the position of the camera body 26 to convert the camera body 26 into a rear camera of the image pickup apparatus; when the camera body 26 is used as a rear camera of the image pickup apparatus, the optical waveguide device 24 is controlled to move according to the switching instruction to The position where the camera body 26 is covered is such that the camera body 26 is converted into a non-post camera of the image pickup apparatus.
  • the optical waveguide device movement can be controlled by transmitting a movement command to a mobile device included in the camera to cause the mobile device to move the optical waveguide device 24, wherein the mobile device is in contact with the light
  • the waveguide device 24 is connected.
  • the camera switching operation may be triggered by the user.
  • the following steps may be used to switch the camera.
  • the following uses a mobile phone as an example for description:
  • Step 1 The mobile phone is initialized, the optical waveguide device does not cover the camera body, and the mobile phone is in the shooting state of the rear camera.
  • Step 2 The user opens the mobile phone camera application, clicks the camera button, and uses the rear camera to take a photo.
  • Step 3 The user clicks the camera switch button to enable the front camera shooting function.
  • Step 4 The mobile phone issues an instruction to drive the motor to move the optical waveguide device to cover the main body of the mobile phone camera.
  • Step 6 The user clicks on the camera function and takes a picture using the front camera.
  • a camera switching device is also provided, which is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred embodiments, and has not been described again.
  • the term “module” may implement a combination of software and/or hardware of a predetermined function.
  • the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
  • FIG. 14 is a structural block diagram of a camera switching device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device may be applied to the imaging device described in Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG. 14, the device includes:
  • the receiving module 142 is configured to receive a switching instruction when the camera body 26 is disposed on the back of the image capturing apparatus; the switching module 144 is coupled to the receiving module 142, and configured to switch the type of the camera body 26 according to the switching instruction, wherein
  • the type of the camera body includes a rear camera and a non-rear camera.
  • the switching module 144 includes one of the following: a first control unit configured to control the optical waveguide device 24 by the overlay camera according to the switching instruction when the camera body 26 is a non-post camera of the imaging device The position of the main body 26 is moved to convert the camera main body 26 into a rear camera of the image pickup apparatus; and the second control unit is arranged to control the movement of the optical waveguide device 24 according to the switching instruction when the camera main body 26 is used as a rear camera of the image pickup apparatus. The position where the camera body 26 is covered is such that the camera body 26 is converted into a non-post camera of the image pickup apparatus.
  • the switching module 144 can control the movement of the optical waveguide device by sending a movement instruction to the mobile device included in the camera to cause the mobile device to move the optical waveguide device 24, wherein The mobile device is coupled to the optical waveguide device 24.
  • each of the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware.
  • the foregoing may be implemented by, but not limited to, the foregoing modules are all located in the same processor; or, the above modules are in any combination.
  • the forms are located in different processors.
  • a storage medium having stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps of any one of the method embodiments described above.
  • the above storage medium may be configured to store a computer program for performing the following steps:
  • the foregoing storage medium may include, but is not limited to, a USB flash drive, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), and a Random Access Memory (RAM).
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor being arranged to run the computer program to perform any of the above method embodiments The steps in .
  • the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input and output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input and output device is connected to the processor.
  • the foregoing processor may be configured to perform the following steps by using a computer program:
  • the area occupied by the camera on the display screen side of the terminal can be reduced, which is beneficial to expanding the screen ratio of the terminal;
  • a miniature zoom lens can be installed to further enhance the terminal shooting function.
  • modules or steps of the present disclosure described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device that can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. As such, the disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the camera, the imaging device, the camera switching method, the device, the storage medium, and the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the camera lens group and the optical waveguide device are introduced in the camera, thereby changing the camera.
  • the orientation of the imaging light is such that the camera body does not need to be disposed on the front end surface of the terminal, thereby effectively improving the screen ratio of the terminal, thereby solving the problem that the screen occupation ratio of the terminal cannot be effectively improved in the related art.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置，其中，该摄像头包括：摄像头镜头组22，光波导器件24和摄像头主体26，其中，该光波导器件24一端连接上述摄像头镜头组22，另一端连接上述摄像头主体26，该光波导器件24设置为将摄像头镜头组22采集的光线传递至摄像头主体26中。通过本公开，解决了相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。

Description

摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置及存储介质 技术领域
本公开涉及通信领域，具体而言，涉及一种摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置。
背景技术
目前终端(例如，智能手机)上的前置摄像头布局在终端上方听筒侧，造成屏幕难以再向上扩展。提高屏占比(即，提高终端屏幕在该屏幕所在面的占比)是终端重要的发展趋势，高屏占比能更加切合用户对终端的视觉美观需求，能显著提高终端产品的市场竞争力。而影响提高屏占比的一个重要因素是终端前置摄像头的布局，因此，如何解决摄像头布局与提高屏占比，这是迫切需要解决的问题。
为了减少摄像头在终端上部听筒侧占有面积，相关技术中采用的摄像头布局方案是将前置摄像头调整到手机下侧话筒一边，但这带来的后果自拍角度不合适，造成下巴偏大的问题。
针对相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置，以至少解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种摄像头，包括：摄像头镜头组、光波导器件和摄像头主体，其中，所述光波导器件一端与所述摄像头镜头组相对设置，另一端与所述摄像头主体相对设置，所述光波导器件设置为将所述摄像头镜头组采集的光线传递至所述摄像头主体中。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种摄像设备，包括显示面板 和上述实施例中所述的摄像头，其中，所述摄像头主体位于在所述显示面板下方。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种摄像头切换方法，应用于上述实施例中所述的摄像设备中，包括：当所述摄像头主体被设置在所述摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；根据所述切换指令对所述摄像头主体的类型进行切换，其中，所述摄像头主体的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种摄像头切换装置，应用于上述实施例所述的摄像设备中，包括：接收模块，设置为当所述摄像头主体被设置在所述摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；切换模块，设置为根据所述切换指令对所述摄像头主体的类型进行切换，其中，所述摄像头主体的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行上述方法实施例中的步骤。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器被设置为运行所述计算机程序以执行上述方法实施例中的步骤。
通过本公开，由于在摄像头中引入了摄像头镜头组和光波导器件，从而改变了摄像头成像光线的走向，使得摄像头主体无需被设置在终端的前端表面，有效提高终端的屏占比，从而解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是相关技术中的摄像头布局示意图；
图2是根据本公开实施例的摄像头的结构框图；
图3是根据本公开实施例的摄像头的第一种布局示意图；
图4是根据本公开实施例的摄像头光线走向示意图；
图5是根据本公开实施例的摄像头的第二种布局示意图；
图6是根据本公开实施例的摄像头第二种布局的底视图；
图7是根据本公开实施例的光波导器件处于覆盖在摄像头主体上的示意图；
图8是根据本公开实施例的光波导器件不覆盖摄像头主体的示意图；
图9是根据本公开实施例的前置拍摄模式示意图；
图10是根据本公开实施例的后置拍摄模式示意图；
图11是根据本公开实施例的摄像头第三种布局示意图；
图12是根据本公开实施例的摄像头第四种布局示意图；
图13是根据本公开实施例的摄像头切换方法的流程图；
图14是根据本公开实施例的摄像头切换装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
首先对相关技术中的终端中摄像头布局方案进行说明(图1是以手机前置摄像头布局为例进行说明，图1是手机的左视图，即，从手机的设置有音量键或开关键的侧面看过去的视图，后述的图3-5，图11-12也是左视图)：
如图1所示，是手机前置摄像头布置示意图。其中①为摄像头主体，②为摄像头镜头，③为显示面板，D1是摄像头镜头边缘到摄像头主体边缘的距离。因摄像头主体约7x7mm，镜头口径约1mm，初步估算：
D1＝7/2+1/2＝4mm
由图1可知，当前摄像头在终端上的布局，因终端厚度限制，沿着光轴方向的空间受到较大限制，难以满足镜头微型变焦所需空间。而应用本公开实施例中的方案，能显著降低前置摄像头对占屏比的影响，设计出更有竞争力的终端。应用本公开实施例中的方案，可为终端摄像头提供较大的沿取景方向的纵向空间，从而为微型变焦镜头在终端上的实施，奠定基础。下面对本公开实施例进行说明：
实施例一
在本公开实施例中，提供了一种摄像头，如图2所示，该摄像头包括摄像头镜头组22，光波导器件24和摄像头主体26，其中，该光波导器件24一端与上述摄像头镜头组22相对设置，另一端与上述摄像头主体26相对设置，该光波导器件24设置为将摄像头镜头组22采集的光线传递至摄像头主体26中。
在上述实施例中，光波导器件24可以设置成可自由滑动的器件，当然，也可以设置成不可自由滑动的器件，当光波导器件24不可自由滑动时，该光波导器件24一端连接上述摄像头镜头组22，另一端连接上述摄像头主体26。通过上述实施例，由于在摄像头中引入了摄像头镜头组22和光波导器件24，从而改变了摄像头成像光线的走向，使得摄像头主体26无需被设置在终端的前端表面，有效提高终端的屏占比，从而解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。
图3是本公开实施例中所提供的摄像头的布局图，其中，④为光波导片(对应于上述的光波导器件24)，⑤为镜头组(对应于上述的摄像头镜头组22)。如镜头组口径取1mm，即D2＝1mm，D1-D2＝4mm-1mm＝3mm， 即，相对于图1所示的相关技术中的摄像头布局方案，采用本公开实施例中的摄像头布局方案，显示面板与图1相比，可以更加靠近手机上部边缘(由原来的距离上边缘4mm缩小到距离上边缘1mm)，对应的显示屏长度可以扩大3mm。应当理解，图3中列举的摄像头主体7x7mm，以及镜头尺寸1mm是一个举例数据，在实际应用该数据可有所不同。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向垂直；或者，上述光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向平行。前述的图3所述的布局中，光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向是垂直的，在平行的情况下是需要使用反射镜来传导光线的。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述光波导器件24中设置有第一光栅和第二光栅，其中，当该光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向垂直时，该第一光栅设置在光波导器件24中与摄像头镜头组22正对的位置上，当该光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向平行时，该第一光栅设置在光波导器件24中远离摄像头主体26的一面；该第二光栅设置在所述光波导器件24中与摄像头主体26上的镜头正对的位置上。下面结合实施例对光栅的位置以及光栅的工作原理进行说明：
在一个可选的实施例中，摄像头镜头组(对应于上述的摄像头镜头组22)、摄像头主体(对应于上述的摄像头主体26)和光波导器件(对应于上述的光波导器件24)三者的位置关系可以有多种，其中，当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直，且当摄像头镜头组与摄像头主体位于光波导器件的同一侧时，第一光栅和第二光栅设置在光波导器件中的同一侧，且第一光栅和第二光栅所在的一侧为光波导器件中背离摄像头镜头组与摄像头主体所在的位置的一侧；当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直，且当摄像头镜头组与摄像头主体位于光波导器件的不同侧时，第一光栅和第二光栅设置在光波导器件中的不同侧，且第一光栅所在的一侧 为光波导器件中背离摄像头镜头组的一侧，第二光栅所在的一侧为光波导器件中背离摄像头主体的一侧；当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行时，所述第二光栅位于所述光波导器件中远离所述摄像头主体的一面。
图4是根据本公开实施例的摄像头光线走向示意图，拍摄目标发出的光线，通过镜头组⑤，转化为平行光线，到达光波导片④的全息光栅A(对应于上述的第一光栅)处，全息光栅的衍射效应，能够使得平行光线改变传输方向，满足全反射条件，沿着波导片无损耗传播，当平行光线到达全息光栅B(对应于上述的第二光栅)时，全反射条件被破坏，平行光线从光波导器件射出，到达摄像头镜头②(对应于上述的摄像头主体26)，由摄像头镜头②将光线成像在摄像头的感光器件上。(光波导片④包括光栅A，B，是一个零件)。如图4所示，本公开实施例中的摄像头主要由取景镜头组(包括单镜头，多镜头)(对应于图4中镜头组⑤，即，上述的摄像头镜头组22)，光波导片(对应于图4中的④，包括光栅A，光栅B)，摄像头镜头(对应于图4中的②)等零部件组成。拍摄目标的光线，通过取景镜头组汇聚，形成含有图像信息的平行光线，光线从光波导一端入射，在光波导中传播一定距离，从光波导的另一端反射出，光线传递到摄像头，光线由摄像头镜头汇聚，在摄像头感光片上成像。取景的目标光线，通过取景镜头，光波导等器件，最后到达摄像头，实现摄像头光轴与取景光轴分离，这就为摄像头与取景镜头组在电子设备上的布局设计提供极大便利。
图5是本公开实施例中所提供的另一种摄像头的布局图，如图5所示，摄像头镜头②(对应于上述的摄像头主体26)可以被设置在终端的背面，终端屏幕侧的光线，通过镜头组⑥(对应于上述的摄像头镜头组22，也对应于前述的镜头组⑤)，光波导片④，进入到摄像头镜头②(与图3对比，因摄像头镜头安装方向不同，光波导上的光栅B的位置需做调整)。图5的底视图可参考图6(图6-10都是底视图，以手机为例，底视图是从手机背面看过去的视图)。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述摄像头还包括连接器件和移动设备，其 中，该连接器件一端连接光波导器件24，另一端连接移动设备；该移动设备设置为通过该连接器件移动光波导器件24。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述移动设备包括滑动丝杆和微型电机，其中，该滑动丝杆连接至上述连接器件，设置为在滑动丝杆移动时，通过连接器件带动该光波导器件24进行移动；该微型电机连接至滑动丝杆，设置为控制滑动丝杆的移动。可选地，上述光波导器件进行移动的移动方式包括以下之一：平行移动，旋转移动。需要说明的是，上述的滑动丝杆和微型电机仅是移动设备的一种示例，在实际应用中也可以采用其他的移动设备来带动光波导器件进行移动。下面以滑动丝杆和微型电机为例，对本可选实施例进行说明：
首先需要说明的是，采用图5所示的布局除了可以提高屏占比外，通过适当的改进(如移动光波导)，能实现一个摄像头兼顾前摄，顶设，后摄等功能。这样，终端的多种类型的摄像头，就能用一个摄像头来实现。这在终端上部基带布局上可减少一个摄像头的面积，为终端整体布局方案提供更大的灵活性。下面以摄像头类型包括前置摄像头和后置摄像头为例进行说明：如图7所示，其中⑦是固定架(对应于上述的连接器件)，将光波导器件(即，图7中的④)与滑动丝杆连接起来。⑧是滑动丝杆，⑨是微型电机及减速装置。微型电机带动丝杆，使固定架滑动，可移动光波导器件。当光波导覆盖摄像头镜头和镜头组时，实现前置摄像头的功能。光波导移开，不覆盖摄像头镜头时实现后置摄像头的功能。图7的光波导处于覆盖在摄像头镜头上，该摄像头处于前摄拍摄功能。图8所示是光波导器件移开之后的示意图，在该情况下，光波导器件不覆盖摄像头镜头位置，该状态属于后摄拍摄功能。
此外，需要说明的是，本公开实施例中所列举的微型电机，滑动丝杆等是用于移动光波导器件，实现对摄像头镜头的遮盖，与不遮盖的功能，从而实现终端摄像头处于前摄，后摄功能切换目的。还可以采用其他类型的移动设备，例如，采取电磁铁移动光波导。在实际应用中还可以采用手动移动光波导的方式。上述的移动光波导器件的方式可以采用平移，还可 以采用旋转移动的方式，例如图9和图10所示的是通过旋转光波导器件的方式来实现摄像头功能的转换的，其中，图9是前置拍摄模式，图10是后置拍摄模式。
正如前述所陈述的，当上述光波导器件连接摄像头主体的平面与摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行时，需要利用反射镜来传导光线，下面对反射镜进行说明：
在一个可选的实施例中，上述摄像头还包括反射镜，其中，该反射镜设置为在光波导器件24连接摄像头主体26的平面与摄像头镜头组22的进光方向平行时，一端连接摄像头镜头组22，另一端连接光波导器件24，该反射镜设置为将上述摄像头镜头组22采集的光线垂直反射到光波导器件24上。下面结合图9对上述的平行的情况进行说明：
光波导器件具有使图像光线进行垂直偏转传播，厚度薄等特点，如图11所示，是一种摄像头布局方式，因该布局方式为取景镜头提供了较大空间，镜头组⑩(对应于上述的摄像头镜头组22)的布局方式，可以用取景光轴方向长度有较高要求的变焦摄像头，这可大大提升终端拍摄功能。⑾为直角反射镜(对应于上述的反射镜)。这种布局方式，镜头⑩的口径可以做大，例如，口径为4-5mm，以获取更多的光线，增强暗光拍摄效果。具体为，拍摄目标的光线，通过变焦摄像头⑩汇聚形成平行光线，到达直角反射镜⑾，光线被反射镜⑾反射耦合进入光波导④的光栅A处，平行光线随即改变走向，到达光栅B后，反射进入摄像头①的镜头②，由镜头②将光线成像在摄像头感光片上。
此外，还需要说明的是，因平行光在光波导器件中可无损耗传播，摄像头主体与摄像头镜头组之间的距离无需固定，可以灵活变化，这就为终端摄像头附近的元器件件布局，提供了极大的方便，也就是说，摄像头镜头组和摄像头主体之间的距离是可调的。如图12所示，摄像头与镜头之间拉开了距离示意图，其中，⑥为摄像头镜头组，②为摄像头主体。
实施例二
在本公开实施例中，还提供了一种摄像设备，包括显示面板(对应于前述的图3中的③)和实施例一中所述的摄像头，其中，该摄像头主体26位于在显示面板下方。在本实施例中，由于在摄像头中引入了摄像头镜头组22和光波导器件24，从而改变了摄像头成像光线的走向，使得摄像头主体26无需被设置在终端的前端表面，而是设置在显示面板下方，有效提高终端的屏占比，从而解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述摄像头镜头组设置在摄像设备的前端或顶端，被设置在前端的情况可以参考图3和图5，被设置在顶端的情况可以参考图11。
在一个可选的实施例中，在摄像头镜头组22设置在摄像设备的顶端的情况下，上述摄像头包括反射镜，其中，该反射镜一端连接所述摄像头镜头组22，另一端连接光波导器件24，设置为将摄像头镜头组22采集的光线垂直反射到光波导器件24上。反射镜的设置具体可参见图11。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述摄像设备包括以下之一：手机，平板，可穿戴设备。
实施例三
图13是根据本公开实施例的摄像头切换方法的流程图，该方法可以应用于实施例二中所述的摄像设备中，如图13所示，该流程包括如下步骤：
步骤S1302，当摄像头主体26被设置在摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；
步骤S1304，根据上述切换指令对摄像头主体26的类型进行切换，其中，该摄像头主体26的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
其中，执行上述操作的可以是上述的摄像设备。上述的切换指令可以是用户通过触摸摄像设备上的按键所触发的，也可以是根据一些预定条件所触发的，例如，根据光线的强度触发。
通过上述实施例，由于在摄像头中引入了摄像头镜头组22和光波导器件24，从而改变了摄像头成像光线的走向，使得摄像头主体26无需被设置在终端的前端表面，有效提高终端的屏占比，从而解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。
在一个可选的实施例中，根据上述切换指令对所述摄像头主体26的类型进行切换包括以下之一：当摄像头主体26作为摄像设备的非后置摄像头时，根据切换指令控制所述光波导器件24由覆盖摄像头主体26的位置移开，以使该摄像头主体26转换为摄像设备的后置摄像头；当摄像头主体26作为摄像设备的后置摄像头时，根据切换指令控制光波导器件24移动到对摄像头主体26进行覆盖的位置，以使该摄像头主体26转换为摄像设备的非后置摄像头。
在一个可选的实施例中，可以通过如下方式控制光波导器件移动：向摄像头中包括的移动设备发送移动指令，以使该移动设备带动光波导器件24进行移动，其中，该移动设备与光波导器件24连接。
由前述描述可知，摄像头切换操作可以是用户触发的，用户在使用上述的摄像设备时，可以通过如下步骤进行摄像头的切换，下面以手机为例进行说明：
步骤1、手机初始化，光波导器件不覆盖摄像头主体，手机处于后置摄像头拍摄状态。
步骤2、用户打开手机摄像头应用，点击拍照按钮，使用后置摄像头拍照。
步骤3、用户点击摄像头切换按钮，启用前置摄像头拍摄功能。
步骤4、手机发出指令，驱动马达移动光波导器件，覆盖手机摄像头主体。
步骤6、用户点击拍照功能，使用前置摄像头拍照。
步骤7、结束。
实施例四
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到根据上述实施例的方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本公开的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台终端设备(可以是手机，计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本公开各个实施例所述的方法。
在本实施例中还提供了一种摄像头切换装置，该装置用于实现上述实施例及优选实施方式，已经进行过说明的不再赘述。如以下所使用的，术语“模块”可以实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
图14是根据本公开实施例的摄像头切换装置的结构框图，该装置可以应用于实施例二中所述的摄像设备中，如图14所示，该装置包括：
接收模块142，设置为当摄像头主体26被设置在摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；切换模块144，连接至上述接收模块142，设置为根据该切换指令对摄像头主体26的类型进行切换，其中，该摄像头主体的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述切换模块144包括以下之一：第一控制单元，设置为当摄像头主体26作为摄像设备的非后置摄像头时，根据切换指令控制光波导器件24由覆盖摄像头主体26的位置移开，以使摄像头主体26转换为摄像设备的后置摄像头；第二控制单元，设置为当摄像头 主体26作为摄像设备的后置摄像头时，根据切换指令控制光波导器件24移动到对摄像头主体26进行覆盖的位置，以使摄像头主体26转换为摄像设备的非后置摄像头。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述切换模块144可以通过如下方式控制光波导器件移动：向摄像头中包括的移动设备发送移动指令，以使该移动设备带动光波导器件24进行移动，其中，该移动设备与光波导器件24连接。
需要说明的是，上述各个模块是可以通过软件或硬件来实现的，对于后者，可以通过以下方式实现，但不限于此：上述模块均位于同一处理器中；或者，上述各个模块以任意组合的形式分别位于不同的处理器中。
实施例五
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种存储介质，该存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，该计算机程序被设置为运行时执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述存储介质可以被设置为存储用于执行以下步骤的计算机程序：
S1，当摄像头主体26被设置在摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；
S2，根据上述切换指令对摄像头主体26的类型进行切换，其中，该摄像头主体26的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述存储介质可以包括但不限于：U盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称为ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称为RAM)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储计算机程序的介质。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，还提供了一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，该存储器中存储有计算机程序，该处理器被设置为运行该计算机 程序以执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
可选地，上述电子装置还可以包括传输设备以及输入输出设备，其中，该传输设备和上述处理器连接，该输入输出设备和上述处理器连接。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述处理器可以被设置为通过计算机程序执行以下步骤：
S1，当摄像头主体26被设置在摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；
S2，根据上述切换指令对摄像头主体26的类型进行切换，其中，该摄像头主体26的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
可选地，本实施例中的具体示例可以参考上述实施例及可选实施方式中所描述的示例，本实施例在此不再赘述。
通过本公开实施例中的方案，可以实现如下有益效果：
可以缩减摄像头在终端显示屏侧的占有面积，有利于扩大终端的屏占比；
可以用一个摄像头进行前置，后置拍摄，减少摄像头占据的面积，缓解终端布局困难的问题；
可以安装微型变焦镜头，进一步增强终端拍摄功能。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本公开的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本公开不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明实施例提供的一种摄像头、摄像设备、摄像头切换方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置具有以下有益效果：由于在摄像头中引入了摄像头镜头组和光波导器件，从而改变了摄像头成像光线的走向，使得摄像头主体无需被设置在终端的前端表面，有效提高终端的屏占比，从而解决相关技术中存在的无法有效提高终端的屏占比的问题。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种摄像头，包括：摄像头镜头组、光波导器件和摄像头主体，其中，
    所述光波导器件一端与所述摄像头镜头组相对设置，另一端与所述摄像头主体相对设置，所述光波导器件设置为将所述摄像头镜头组采集的光线传递至所述摄像头主体中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像头，其中，
    所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直；或者，
    所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的摄像头，其中，所述光波导器件中设置有第一光栅和第二光栅，其中，
    当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直时，所述第一光栅设置在所述光波导器件中与所述摄像头镜头组正对的位置上，当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行时，所述第一光栅设置在所述光波导器件中远离所述摄像头主体的一面；
    所述第二光栅设置在所述光波导器件中与所述摄像头主体上的镜头正对的位置上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的摄像头，其中，
    当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直，且当所述摄像头镜头组与所述摄像头主体位于所述光波导器件的同一侧时，所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅设置在所述光波导器件中的同一侧，且所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅所在的一 侧为所述光波导器件中背离所述摄像头镜头组与所述摄像头主体所在的位置的一侧；
    当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向垂直，且当所述摄像头镜头组与所述摄像头主体位于所述光波导器件的不同侧时，所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅设置在所述光波导器件中的不同侧，且所述第一光栅所在的一侧为所述光波导器件中背离所述摄像头镜头组的一侧，所述第二光栅所在的一侧为所述光波导器件中背离所述摄像头主体的一侧；
    当所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行时，所述第二光栅位于所述光波导器件中远离所述摄像头主体的一面。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的摄像头，其中，所述摄像头还包括反射镜，其中，所述反射镜设置为在所述光波导器件连接所述摄像头主体的平面与所述摄像头镜头组的进光方向平行时，一端连接所述摄像头镜头组，另一端连接所述光波导器件，所述反射镜设置为将所述摄像头镜头组采集的光线垂直反射到所述光波导器件上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像头，其中，所述摄像头还包括连接器件和移动设备，其中，
    所述连接器件一端连接所述光波导器件，另一端连接所述移动设备；
    所述移动设备设置为通过所述连接器件移动所述光波导器件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的摄像头，其中，所述移动设备包括滑动丝杆和微型电机，其中，
    所述滑动丝杆连接至所述连接器件，设置为在所述滑动丝杆的移动时，通过所述连接器件带动所述光波导器件进行移动；
    所述微型电机连接至所述滑动丝杆，设置为控制滑动丝杆的移动。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的摄像头，其中，所述光波导器件进行移动的移动方式包括以下之一：
    平行移动，旋转移动。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像头，其中，所述摄像头镜头组和所述摄像头主体相隔预定距离，且所述摄像头镜头组和所述摄像头主体之间的距离可调。
  10. 一种摄像设备，包括显示面板和如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的摄像头，其中，
    所述摄像头主体位于在所述显示面板下方。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像设备，其中，所述摄像头镜头组设置在所述摄像设备的前端或顶端。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像设备，其中，在所述摄像头镜头组设置在所述摄像设备的顶端的情况下，所述摄像头包括反射镜，其中，所述反射镜一端连接所述摄像头镜头组，另一端连接所述光波导器件，设置为将所述摄像头镜头组采集的光线垂直反射到所述光波导器件上。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的摄像设备，其中，所述摄像设备包括以下之一：手机，平板，可穿戴设备。
  14. 一种摄像头切换方法，应用于如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的摄像设备中，包括：
    当所述摄像头主体被设置在所述摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；
    根据所述切换指令对所述摄像头主体的类型进行切换，其中，所述摄像头主体的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的摄像头切换方法，其中，根据所述切换指令对所述摄像头主体的类型进行切换包括以下之一：
    当所述摄像头主体作为所述摄像设备的非后置摄像头时，根据所述切换指令控制所述光波导器件由覆盖所述摄像头主体的位置移开，以使所述摄像头主体转换为所述摄像设备的后置摄像头；
    当所述摄像头主体作为所述摄像设备的后置摄像头时，根据所述切换指令控制所述光波导器件移动到对所述摄像头主体进行覆盖的位置，以使所述摄像头主体转换为所述摄像设备的非后置摄像头。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的摄像头切换方法，其中，通过如下方式控制所述光波导器件移动：
    向所述摄像头中包括的移动设备发送移动指令，以使所述移动设备带动所述光波导器件进行移动，其中，所述移动设备与所述光波导器件连接。
  17. 一种摄像头切换装置，应用于如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的摄像设备中，包括：
    接收模块，设置为当所述摄像头主体被设置在所述摄像设备的背面时，接收切换指令；
    切换模块，设置为根据所述切换指令对所述摄像头主体的类型进行切换，其中，所述摄像头主体的类型包括后置摄像头和非后置摄像头。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的摄像头切换装置，其中，所述切换模块包括以下之一：
    第一控制单元，设置为当所述摄像头主体作为所述摄像设备的非后置摄像头时，根据所述切换指令控制所述光波导器件由覆盖所述摄像头主体的位置移开，以使所述摄像头主体转换为所述摄像设备的后置摄像头；
    第二控制单元，设置为当所述摄像头主体作为所述摄像设备的后置摄像头时，根据所述切换指令控制所述光波导器件移动到对所述摄像头主体进行覆盖的位置，以使所述摄像头主体转换为所述摄像设备的非后置摄像头。
  19. 一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行所述权利要求14至16任一项中所述的方法。
  20. 一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器被设置为运行所述计算机程序以执行所述权利要求14至16任一项中所述的方法。
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