WO2019200715A1 - 电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法 - Google Patents

电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019200715A1
WO2019200715A1 PCT/CN2018/093363 CN2018093363W WO2019200715A1 WO 2019200715 A1 WO2019200715 A1 WO 2019200715A1 CN 2018093363 W CN2018093363 W CN 2018093363W WO 2019200715 A1 WO2019200715 A1 WO 2019200715A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
voice coil
displacement
power supply
real
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩菲菲
曹明君
张一鸣
杨鑫峰
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2420/00—Details of connection covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electroacoustic conversion technology, and in particular to an electroacoustic transducer and a voice coil vibration displacement control method.
  • the electroacoustic transducer includes a diaphragm, a voice coil, and a magnetic circuit system, and the voice coil is suspended in a magnetic gap in the magnetic circuit system.
  • the voice coil moves up and down under the action of the magnetic force to drive the diaphragm to vibrate, driving the air to make a sound, and realizing the energy conversion from electricity to sound.
  • the voice coil When the existing electroacoustic transducer is operated under low frequency conditions, if a high power input occurs, the voice coil will be excessively displaced. If the voice coil is too large, there is a problem that the electroacoustic transducer is distorted, and there is a risk that the voice coil will rub against other components inside the electroacoustic transducer. Excessive vibration amplitude may even damage the diaphragm, resulting in electroacoustic sound. The converter is damaged.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electroacoustic transducer and a voice coil vibration displacement control method, so that the BL value of the voice coil tends to be constant, and the electroacoustic transducer tends to be in a linear working state.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electroacoustic transducer, including: a magnetic circuit system, a vibration system, and a power supply unit;
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet and at least one pair of side coils;
  • the pair of side coils are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the center magnet
  • a magnetic gap is formed between the center magnet and the side coil
  • a voice coil in the vibration system is suspended in the magnetic gap
  • a corresponding operating current/voltage is passed through the voice coil and each of the side coils.
  • the electroacoustic converter further includes: a detecting unit, a control unit, and a power supply unit; wherein
  • the detecting unit is connected to the control unit;
  • the control unit is connected to the power supply unit
  • the detecting unit is configured to detect a real-time current/voltage on the side coil
  • the control unit is configured to calculate a real-time displacement of the voice coil according to the real-time current/voltage and a power supply parameter on the side coil; and estimate a target displacement of the voice coil at a next moment based on the real-time displacement, Determining, according to the target displacement, a power supply parameter that needs to be provided to the side coil at a next moment;
  • the power supply unit is configured to supply power to each of the side coils according to the power supply parameter determined by the control unit.
  • an iron core is disposed in the side coil.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes at least one pair of side magnets; the pair of side magnets are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the center magnet; and the side magnets are spaced apart from the side coils at the center The magnetic gap is formed between the center magnet and the side magnet.
  • the lead of the edge coil is taken out from the electroacoustic transducer housing at the same position as the lead take-out position of the voice coil.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a voice coil vibration displacement control method, including:
  • a power supply parameter to be supplied to the side coil at a next moment is determined to adjust a vibration displacement of the voice coil.
  • estimating a target displacement of the voice coil at a next moment based on the real-time displacement including:
  • the target displacement of the voice coil at the next moment is estimated.
  • determining, according to the target displacement, a power supply parameter that needs to be provided to the edge coil at a next moment including:
  • the power supply parameter corresponding to the target displacement as a power supply parameter to be supplied to the edge coil at the next moment.
  • the method further includes:
  • test parameter includes at least: a power supply parameter of the voice coil and a power supply parameter of the edge coil;
  • the displacement trend model corresponding to the frequency point is obtained; based on the ideal of the voice coil in each period Displacement and power supply parameters of the edge coil corresponding to each time period, and obtaining a correspondence relationship between the displacement and the power supply parameter;
  • the power supply parameter of the side coil corresponding to the partial period is adjusted, and the power supply parameter of the voice coil is loaded on the finite element model and the adjusted
  • the power supply parameters of the side coils are subjected to finite element analysis of the finite element model until the BL value of the voice coil meets a constant requirement in each period.
  • calculating a real-time displacement of the voice coil suspended in the magnetic gap according to the detected real-time current/voltage on the coil in the electro-acoustic converter magnetic circuit system including:
  • the real-time displacement of the voice coil is calculated according to the amount of change of the magnetic flux inside the magnetic circuit system, the input current of the voice coil, and the physical characteristic parameter of the voice coil.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes at least one pair of side magnets, the pair of side magnets are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the center magnet; the side magnets are spaced apart from the side coils at the center a magnetic gap formed between the center magnet and the side magnet; an iron core is disposed in the side coil;
  • Calculating a magnetic flux variation amount inside the magnetic circuit system according to the real-time current/voltage including:
  • the amount of change in the magnetic flux inside the magnetic circuit system is calculated based on the magnetic flux inside the side coil, the magnetic flux inside the center magnet, the physical characteristic parameter of the side magnet, and the physical characteristic parameter of the core.
  • the physical characteristic parameters of the edge coil include: a number of coil turns and a coil top view area;
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application uses an edge coil instead of a part or all of the side magnets in the magnetic circuit system, and can adjust the vibration displacement and the magnetic circuit performance of the voice coil by adjusting the current or voltage in the coil.
  • the BL value of the voice coil is made constant, and the electroacoustic transducer tends to be in a linear working state, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing distortion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of a five-circuit system and a voice coil in an electroacoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a five-circuit system and a voice coil in an electroacoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a three-circuit system and a voice coil in an electroacoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a voice coil vibration displacement control method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inventors have found that when the existing electroacoustic transducer works under low frequency conditions, the high power input causes the displacement of the voice coil, and the excessive displacement will not only cause large distortion, but also may cause The problem that the voice coil collides with other internal components.
  • the existing protection means is to use an intelligent power amplifier device to control the input power of the electroacoustic transducer.
  • the input power is lowered to protect the electroacoustic converter, and the power is increased within a limited range.
  • one solution is to evaluate the vibration of the vibration system by assuming a theoretical model of the electroacoustic transducer through the measured data.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the theoretical model is different from the actual model, and the performance optimization of the electroacoustic transducer is insufficient.
  • Another solution is to add an additional sensor-capacitor plate. This method can improve the accuracy of displacement monitoring, but it needs to sacrifice part of the space of the electroacoustic converter module, which brings design difficulties.
  • neither of the above methods can avoid the problem of increased distortion of the electroacoustic transducer under large displacement.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electroacoustic transducer and a voice coil vibration displacement control method.
  • the mechanical force generated by the current of the voice coil is represented by the BL value.
  • BL is the wire length L of a certain number of turns multiplied by the measured density B per unit area.
  • BL is a parameter that measures the strength of the drive system, and the BL value can be obtained by measurement.
  • the voltage applied to the electroacoustic transducer increases, the voice coil is further away from the magnetic gap, and the number of coils remaining in the magnetic gap is continuously reduced, and the BL value is continuously reduced.
  • the main idea of the technical solution provided by the present application is to control the BL value of the voice coil to be constant by setting the side coils in pairs on both sides of the central magnetic circuit of the magnetic circuit system, by changing the current/voltage of the input voltage of the side coil.
  • the electroacoustic converter is in a linearized working state to achieve the purpose of reducing distortion.
  • FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams showing the structural components of an electroacoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electroacoustic transducer, including: a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet 11 and at least one pair of side coils 12.
  • the pair of side coils 12 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the center magnet 11, and a magnetic gap is formed between the center magnet 11 and the side coil 12, and the voice coil 10 in the vibration system is suspended in the magnetic gap.
  • a corresponding operating current/voltage is applied to both the voice coil 10 and each of the side coils 12.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show an example of a five-circuit system in which a magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet 11, a pair of long-side magnets 14 on opposite sides of the center magnet, and two opposite sides of the center magnet. A pair of short side coils 12.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a three magnetic circuit system in which a magnetic circuit system includes a central magnet 11 and a pair of side coils 12 on opposite sides of the central magnet.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application uses an edge coil instead of a part or all of the side magnets in the magnetic circuit system, and can adjust the vibration displacement and the magnetic circuit performance of the voice coil by adjusting the current or voltage in the coil.
  • the BL value of the voice coil is made constant, and the electroacoustic transducer tends to be in a linear working state, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing distortion.
  • a core 13 may be disposed in each of the side coils 12 to increase the magnetic permeability.
  • the operating current/voltage applied to each side coil may be provided by a controller of the external device to control the power supply unit.
  • the external device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or the like, to which the electroacoustic transducer provided in this embodiment is installed, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electroacoustic transducer incorporates a module/module assembly for controlling the current or voltage flowing into the side coil.
  • the electroacoustic transducer provided in the above embodiment may further include: a detecting unit 15, a control unit 16, and a power supply unit 17.
  • the detection unit 15 is connected to the control unit 16; the control unit 16 is connected to the power supply unit 17.
  • the detecting unit 15 is configured to detect real-time current/voltage on the side coil 12;
  • the control unit 16 is configured to calculate the real-time displacement of the voice coil 10 based on the real-time current/voltage and the power supply parameters on the side coil 12;
  • the target displacement of the voice coil at a moment determines the power supply parameter to be supplied to the side coil at the next moment according to the target displacement;
  • the power supply unit 17 is configured to supply power to each side coil 12 in accordance with the power supply parameter determined by the control unit 16.
  • control unit can be referred to the corresponding content in the subsequent embodiments.
  • the center magnet 11 includes, but is not limited to, a rectangular structure, and the pair of side coils 12 may be respectively disposed at two short side positions and/or two long side positions of the rectangular structure.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes at least one pair of side magnets 14.
  • the side magnets 14 may be respectively disposed at two short side positions and/or two long side positions of the rectangular structure.
  • One achievable manner is that the pair of side magnets 14 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the center magnet 11, and the side magnets 14 are spaced apart from the side coils 12 around the center magnet. A magnetic gap is formed between the center magnet 11 and the side magnet 14.
  • the position of the lead of the side coil 12 from the electroacoustic converter housing and the lead take-out position of the voice coil 10 may be the same, which may be different, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a voice coil vibration displacement control method.
  • the execution body of the method provided in this embodiment may be a device (such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for mounting an electroacoustic transducer, or may be a built-in electroacoustic transducer for controlling the current flowing into the side coil or Voltage module/module component (such as controller).
  • the voice coil vibration displacement control method includes:
  • Step S101 Calculate a real-time displacement of the voice coil suspended in the magnetic gap according to the real-time current/voltage on the coil in the magnetic circuit system of the detected electroacoustic transducer.
  • the electroacoustic transducer includes: a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet 11 and at least one pair of side coils 12.
  • the pair of side coils 12 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the center magnet 11, and a magnetic gap is formed between the center magnet 11 and the side coil 12, and the voice coil 10 in the vibration system is suspended in the magnetic gap.
  • a corresponding operating current/voltage is applied to both the voice coil 10 and each of the side coils 12.
  • Step S102 Estimating the target displacement of the voice coil at the next moment based on the real-time displacement.
  • Step S103 Determine, according to the target displacement, a power supply parameter that needs to be supplied to the side coil at the next moment to adjust the vibration displacement of the voice coil.
  • step S101 The calculation of the real-time displacement of the voice coil in the above S101 can be implemented by the following steps, that is, the foregoing step S101 can include:
  • S1011 Calculate the amount of magnetic flux change inside the magnetic circuit system according to the real-time current/voltage.
  • the magnetic circuit system of different structure such as the five magnetic circuit system (as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 above), the three magnetic circuit system (as shown in FIG. 3 above), the magnetic inside the magnetic circuit system.
  • the calculation process of the magnetic flux change amount inside the magnetic circuit system will be described below by taking the five-magnetic circuit system shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (for details, refer to the contents in the above embodiments) as an example.
  • the specific implementation process is as follows:
  • the magnetic flux inside the side coil is calculated based on the real-time current/voltage and the physical characteristic parameters of the side coil.
  • the magnetic flux inside the side coil can be obtained based on the following two formulas (1) and (2).
  • Nout is the number of turns of the side coil
  • Sout is the area of the side coil
  • ⁇ out is the magnetic flux inside the side coil
  • e(t) is the induced electromotive force of the side coil.
  • the e(t) in the above formula (2) can be calculated based on the real-time voltage on the lead wires at both ends of the side coil detected in real time and the operating voltage supplied to the side coil at each moment of the power supply unit.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ out inside the side coil can be obtained.
  • the magnetic flux inside the side coil can be calculated by real-time current or voltage.
  • the amount of magnetic flux change inside the magnetic circuit system is calculated based on the magnetic flux inside the side coil, the magnetic flux inside the center magnet, the physical characteristic parameters of the side magnet, and the physical characteristic parameters of the core.
  • the physical characteristic parameter of the side magnet may be the cross-sectional area of the side magnet.
  • the physical characteristic parameters of the iron core can be the core cross-sectional area. Specifically, the amount of change in the magnetic flux inside the magnetic circuit system can be obtained based on the following formula (3).
  • ⁇ out is the magnetic flux inside the side coil
  • ⁇ 1 is the magnetic flux inside the center magnet
  • ⁇ 2 is the amount of magnetic flux change inside the magnetic circuit system
  • A1 is the cross-sectional area of the side magnet
  • A2 is the cross-sectional area of the core in the side coil. Since ⁇ 1, A1, and A2 are known, ⁇ out can be calculated in the above formula (1) or (2), and the magnetic flux change amount ⁇ 2 inside the magnetic circuit system can be calculated by the above formula (3).
  • S1012 Calculate the real-time displacement of the voice coil according to the amount of change of the magnetic flux inside the magnetic circuit system, the input current of the voice coil, and the physical characteristic parameter of the voice coil.
  • the physical characteristic parameter of the voice coil is the top view area of the voice coil.
  • the real-time displacement of the voice coil can be calculated by the following formula (4):
  • ⁇ 2 is the amount of flux change inside the magnetic circuit system
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum permeability
  • N( ⁇ d) is the relationship between the number of turns of the voice coil in the magnetic gap and the displacement
  • the I voice coil is the input current of the voice coil.
  • S voice coil is the top view area of the voice coil.
  • ⁇ 0 the I voice coil, and the S voice coil are all known parameters in advance.
  • the foregoing S102 may be implemented by using the following method:
  • S1022 Estimating the target displacement of the voice coil at the next moment according to the real-time displacement of the voice coil and the amount of displacement change.
  • the displacement change amount is superimposed on the real-time displacement of the voice coil, that is, the target displacement of the voice coil is obtained.
  • the real-time displacement of the voice coil is D1
  • the displacement variation is d
  • the target displacement is D2.
  • the frequency at which the electroacoustic converter loads the audio is different, and the corresponding voice coil displacement trend model is different. Therefore, when estimating the displacement variation of the voice coil at the next moment, it is necessary to select the voice coil displacement trend model corresponding to the audio frequency point currently loaded by the electroacoustic transducer.
  • the voice coil displacement trend model may be measured by a plurality of experiments and obtained according to the measurement result; or simulated by the simulation software, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power supply parameter provided to the side coil at the next time in the above 103 may be determined based on the correspondence between the pre-configured displacement and the power supply parameter.
  • the foregoing S103 may be specifically implemented by the following method:
  • the power supply parameter corresponding to the target displacement is obtained as the power supply parameter to be supplied to the side coil at the next moment.
  • the correspondence between the displacement and the power supply parameter can be characterized as one or more functions, and the target displacement is used as an input of the displacement and the corresponding relationship of the power supply parameters, and the power supply parameters (such as current/voltage) of the side coil can be calculated.
  • the correspondence between the displacement and the power supply parameters is as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the power supply parameters of the side coil corresponding to the target movement of the voice coil can be obtained. Since the voice coil displacement in the correspondence relationship characterized by the above Table 1 is not continuous, in the actual application, there may be a case where the edge coil power supply parameter corresponding to the voice coil target displacement is not found.
  • an interpolation algorithm can be selected to calculate the power supply parameters corresponding to the voice coil displacement not present in the table.
  • the target displacement of the voice coil calculated by the above method is D3, and the power supply parameter corresponding to D3 cannot be found in Table 1. If D3 is between D1 and D2, the power supply parameters corresponding to each of D1 and D2 may be used.
  • the interpolation parameter is used to calculate the power supply parameters corresponding to D3.
  • the specific implementation of the interpolation algorithm refer to related content of the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the corresponding relationship between the displacement and the power supply parameter can be obtained by a plurality of experiments and is obtained according to the measurement result; or is obtained by simulation software simulation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application uses an edge coil instead of a part or all of the side magnets in the magnetic circuit system, and can adjust the vibration displacement and the magnetic circuit performance of the voice coil by adjusting the current or voltage in the coil.
  • the BL value of the voice coil is made constant, and the electroacoustic transducer tends to be in a linear working state, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing distortion.
  • the voice coil in the electroacoustic transducer is a structural member that drives the diaphragm to vibrate together to make the electroacoustic transducer sound.
  • the voice coil is stressed because it is in the magnetic field and has a current perpendicular to the magnetic line.
  • the voice coil is a special component in the simulation analysis.
  • the finite element analysis model can be created in the finite element software. Perform finite element analysis on the finite element analysis model to obtain the BL value of the voice coil; then, by continuously adjusting the test parameters (such as the voice coil power supply parameters and the side coil power supply parameters) loaded on the finite element analysis model, the analyzed voice coil BL The value tends to be constant.
  • the voice coil vibration displacement control method may further include a step of creating a correspondence relationship between the voice coil displacement trend model and the displacement and the power supply parameter. Specifically, the method may further include:
  • the test parameters include at least: a power supply parameter of the voice coil and a power supply parameter of the side coil.
  • the geometry of the electroacoustic transducer in the above S104 can be drawn using three-dimensional drawing software.
  • the structure and size of the geometry must be the same as the structure and size of the actual electroacoustic transducer product.
  • the following process can be used to establish the finite element model of the electroacoustic transducer.
  • Step 1 Import the geometry of the electroacoustic transducer into the mesh division software, and divide the grid to obtain the volume unit.
  • Step 2 Define the unit type and material properties for each unit, that is, complete the establishment of the finite element model.
  • the body unit of each part of the magnetic circuit system of the electroacoustic transducer needs to use a suitable type of unit with magnetic degrees of freedom.
  • the unit type By defining the unit type, the corresponding unit type with magnetic degrees of freedom can be configured for the body unit for subsequent analysis.
  • the material property of the magnet in the magnetic circuit system of the electroacoustic transducer can be defined as a permanent magnet; the material property of the yoke can be defined as a ferromagnetic material; the material property of the voice coil in the vibration system can be defined as having a fixed magnetic permeability. Magnetically conductive medium; and so on.
  • the vibration displacements of the voice coils at different times are different at different times. Therefore, in the finite element analysis, the test parameters corresponding to each time point of a certain frequency point need to be loaded on the finite element model to analyze the ideal displacement of the voice coil in each period and the BL value of the voice coil in each period.
  • the constant requirement in the above S106 and S107 may be whether the BL value of the voice coil is equal to a set value; or whether the BL value of the voice coil is within a preset range.
  • the set value and the preset range may be set based on experience.
  • the performance of the magnetic circuit system can be changed.
  • the displacement of the voice coil 10 is increased, the current of the side coil is increased, the magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit system is increased, and the magnetic circuit can be enhanced; when the displacement of the voice coil 10 is reduced, the current of the side coil is reduced, and the magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit system is reduced.
  • the magnetic circuit is weakened; so that the BL value of the voice coil at each period tends to be constant.
  • the amount of the current of the side coil is increased or decreased.
  • the value of the current is increased or decreased.
  • the value of the current is not limited.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法。电声转换器，包括：磁路系统及振动系统；所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁及至少一对边线圈；成对的所述边线圈对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；所述中心磁铁与所述边线圈间形成有磁间隙；所述振动系统中的音圈悬设在所述磁间隙中；所述音圈及各所述边线圈中均通有相应的工作电流/电压。本申请实施例提供的技术方案，使用边线圈代替磁路系统中的部分或全部边磁铁，可通过调整通入边线圈内电流或电压的方式，调整音圈的振动位移及磁路性能，以使所述音圈的 BL 值趋向恒定，电声转换器趋向于线性工作状态，达到降低失真的目的。

Description

电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法
交叉引用
本申请引用于2018年04月20日递交的名称为“电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法”的第201810361102.4号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请属于电声转换技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法。
背景技术
电声转换器包括振膜、音圈以及磁路系统，音圈悬设在磁路系统中的磁间隙中。在通交流电时，音圈在磁力作用下上下运动，带动振膜振动，驱动空气发出声音，实现从电到声的能量转换。
现有电声转换器在低频条件下运行时，如果出现大功率输入会引起音圈产生过大位移。如果音圈位移过大，不但电声转换器存在失真的问题，而且还会存在音圈与电声转换器内部其他部件碰擦的风险，过大的振动幅度甚至会损坏振膜，导致电声转换器损坏。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法，以使音圈的BL值趋向恒定，电声转换器趋向于线性工作状态。
为解决现有技术中的技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电声转换器，包括：磁路系统、振动系统及供电单元；其中，
所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁及至少一对边线圈；
成对的所述边线圈对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；
所述中心磁铁与所述边线圈间形成有磁间隙；
所述振动系统中的音圈悬设在所述磁间隙中；
所述音圈及各所述边线圈中均通有相应的工作电流/电压。
可选地，所述电声转换器还包括：检测单元、控制单元及供电单元；其中，
所述检测单元与所述控制单元连接；
所述控制单元与所述供电单元连接；
所述检测单元被配置为检测所述边线圈上的实时电流/电压；
所述控制单元被配置为根据所述实时电流/电压及所述边线圈上的供电参数计算所述音圈的实时位移；基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移，根据所述目标位移确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数；
所述供电单元被配置为按照所述控制单元确定的所述供电参数为各所述边线圈供电。
可选地，所述边线圈内设有铁芯。
可选地，所述磁路系统还包括至少一对边磁铁；成对的所述边磁铁对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；所述边磁铁与所述边线圈间隔布置在所述中心磁铁的周围；所述中心磁铁及所述边磁铁间形成有所述磁间隙。
可选地，所述边线圈的引线自所述电声转换器壳体引出的位置与所述音圈的引线引出位置相同。
本申请实施例还提供了一种音圈振动位移控制方法，包括：
根据检测到的电声转换器的磁路系统中边线圈上的实时电流/电压，计算悬设于磁间隙内的音圈的实时位移；其中，所述边线圈为至少一对，且成对的所述边线圈对称设置在所述磁路系统中的中心磁铁的两侧，所述中心磁铁与所述边线圈间形成有所述磁间隙；
基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移；
根据所述目标位移，确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数 以调整所述音圈的振动位移。
可选地，基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移，包括：
根据所述电声转换器加载的音频频点对应的位移趋势模型，得到下一时刻所述音圈的位移变化量；
根据所述音圈的实时位移及所述位移变化量，预估出下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移。
可选地，根据所述目标位移，确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数，包括：
根据预置的位移及供电参数的对应关系，获取所述目标位移对应的供电参数作为下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
根据所述电声转换器的几何图形，建立所述电声转换器的有限元模型；
在所述有限元模型上加载一频点音频各时段对应的测试参数，并对所述有限元模型进行有限元分析以分析出所述音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段所述音圈的BL值；其中，所述测试参数至少包括：所述音圈的供电参数及所述边线圈的供电参数；
若各时段所述音圈的BL值满足恒定要求，则基于所述音圈在各时段的理想位移，得到所述频点对应的所述位移趋势模型；基于所述音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段对应的所述边线圈的供电参数，得到所述位移及供电参数的对应关系；
若各时段所述音圈的BL值不满足恒定要求，则调整部分时段对应的所述边线圈的供电参数，在所述有限元模型上加载所述音圈的供电参数及调整后的所述边线圈的供电参数并对所述有限元模型进行有限元分析，直至各时段所述音圈的BL值满足恒定要求。
可选地，根据检测到的电声转换器磁路系统中边线圈上的实时电流/电压，计算悬设于磁间隙内的音圈的实时位移，包括：
根据所述实时电流/电压，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量；
根据所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量、所述音圈的输入电流及所述音圈的物理特征参数，计算所述音圈的实时位移。
可选地，所述磁路系统还包括至少一对边磁铁，成对的所述边磁铁对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；所述边磁铁与所述边线圈间隔布置在所述中心磁铁的周围；所述中心磁铁及所述边磁铁间形成有所述磁间隙；所述边线圈内设有铁芯；以及
根据所述实时电流/电压，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量，包括：
根据所述实时电流/电压及所述边线圈的物理特征参数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量；
根据所述边线圈内部的磁通量、所述中心磁铁内部的磁通量、所述边磁铁的物理特征参数及所述铁芯的物理特征参数，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量。
可选地，所述边线圈的物理特征参数包括：线圈匝数及线圈俯视面积；以及
根据所述实时电流/电压及所述边线圈的物理特征参数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量，包括：
根据所述实时电流、所述边线圈的线圈匝数及所述边线圈的线圈俯视面积，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量；或者
根据所述实时电流及所述边线圈上的供电电压，计算所述边线圈上的感应电动势；并基于所述感应电动势及所述边线圈的线圈匝数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，使用边线圈代替磁路系统中的部分或全部边磁铁，可通过调整通入边线圈内的电流或电压方式，调整音圈的振动位移及磁路性能，以使所述音圈的BL值趋向恒定，电声转换器趋向于线性工作状态，达到降低失真的目的。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请实施例的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请实施例的一部分，本申请实施例的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请实施例，并不构成对本申请实施例的不当限定。
在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的电声转换器中五磁路系统及音圈的爆炸示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电声转换器中五磁路系统及音圈的俯视示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电声转换器中三磁路系统及音圈的俯视示意图；
图4为本申请实施例的电声转换器中包含的各单元的连接示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种音圈振动位移控制方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
发明人在实现本申请的过程中发现，现有的电声转换器工作于低频 条件下时，大功率输入会引起音圈产生多大位移，过大位移不但会带来较大失真，还可能造成音圈与内部其他部件发生碰撞的问题。
现有的保护手段是使用智能功放设备控制电声转换器的输入功率，在超出电声转换器振动系统振动限制时，调低输入功率以保护电声转换器，在限制范围内增大功率，提高电声转换器声学性能。为达到上述保护目的就需要知道振动系统的音圈的振动位移。
现有技术中，一种方案是通过假设电声转换器的一种理论模型，通过测得的数据，评估振动系统振动情况。该方法的缺点在于理论模型与实际模型有差异，对于电声转换器的性能优化不足。另一种方案是添加额外的传感器-电容极板，该方法可以提高位移监控的精确度，但需要牺牲电声转换器模组的部分空间，带来设计上的困难。另外，上述两种方法都不能避免大位移下的电声转换器失真增大的问题。
为解决现有技术中的缺陷，本申请实施例提供一种电声转换器及音圈振动位移控制方法。在详细说明本申请实施例的具体实施方式之前，先对本申请涉及的BL值进行说明。通过音圈的电流产生的机械力用BL值表示。BL是一定圈数的导线长度L乘以单位面积测通密度B。BL是衡量驱动系统强度的一个参数，BL值可通过测量得到。随着加到电声转换器上的电压的增加，音圈越来越远离磁间隙，留在磁间隙中的线圈数不断减小，BL值也会不断减小。本申请提供的技术方案的主要思想就是通过在磁路系统的中心磁路的两侧成对的设置边线圈，通过改变边线圈的通入电流/电压来控制音圈的BL值趋于恒定，使得电声转换器处于线性化工作状态，达到降低失真的目的。
以下将配合附图及实施例来详细说明本申请实施例的实施方式，藉此对本申请实施例如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题并达成技术功效的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施，以下结合附图对本申请实施例的结构做进一步说明。
本申请实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本申请实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是 为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
图1、图2和图3示出了本申请一实施例提供的电声转换器的局部部件的结构示意图。本申请实施例提供了一种电声转换器，包括：磁路系统及振动系统。如图1、2和3所示，磁路系统包括：中心磁铁11及至少一对边线圈12。成对的边线圈12对称设置在中心磁铁11两侧，中心磁铁11与边线圈12间形成有磁间隙，振动系统中的音圈10悬设在磁间隙中。音圈10及各边线圈12中均通有相应的工作电流/电压。
图1和图2示出了一种五磁路系统的示例，即磁路系统中包含有中心磁铁11，位于中心磁铁两相对侧的一对长边边磁铁14，以及位于中心磁铁两相对侧的一对短边边线圈12。图3示出了一种三磁路系统的示例，即磁路系统中包含有中心磁铁11，位于中心磁铁两相对侧的一对边线圈12。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，使用边线圈代替磁路系统中的部分或全部边磁铁，可通过调整通入边线圈内的电流或电压方式，调整音圈的振动位移及磁路性能，以使所述音圈的BL值趋向恒定，电声转换器趋向于线性工作状态，达到降低失真的目的。
在具体实施时，每个边线圈12内还可设有铁芯13，以提高导磁率。
进一步的，各边线圈中通入的工作电流/电压可以是外部设备的控制器控制供电单元提供的。其中，所述外部设备可以是安装有本实施例提供的电声转换器的手机、平板电脑等等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
或者，电声转换器内置有用于控制通入边线圈内的电流或电压的模块/模块组件。例如，在一种可实现的技术方案中，如图4所示，上实施例提供的所述电声转换器还可包括：检测单元15、控制单元16及供电单元17。其中，检测单元15与控制单元16连接；控制单元16与供电 单元17连接。检测单元15被配置为检测边线圈12上的实时电流/电压；控制单元16被配置为根据实时电流/电压及边线圈12上的供电参数计算音圈10的实时位移；基于实时位移预估下一时刻音圈的目标位移，根据目标位移确定下一时刻需向边线圈提供的供电参数；供电单元17被配置为按照控制单元16确定的供电参数为各边线圈12供电。
这里需要说明的是：控制单元的具体工作原理可参见后续实施例中的相应内容。
本申请实施例中，中心磁铁11包括但不限于矩形结构，成对的边线圈12可分别设置在矩形结构的两个短边位置和/或两个长边位置。
继续参见图1和图2，磁路系统还包括至少一对边磁铁14。边磁铁14可分别设置在矩形结构的两个短边位置和/或两个长边位置。一种可实现的方式是，成对的边磁铁14对称设置在中心磁铁11两侧，边磁铁14与边线圈12间隔布置在中心磁铁的周围。中心磁铁11及边磁铁14间形成磁间隙。
具体实施时，边线圈12的引线自电声转换器壳体引出的位置与音圈10的引线引出位置可相同，当然也可不同，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
参见图5，本申请实施例还提供了一种音圈振动位移控制方法。本实施例提供的所述方法的执行主体可以是安装电声转换器的设备(如手机、平板电脑等)，也可以是内置于电声转换器的用于控制通入边线圈内的电流或电压的模块/模块组件(如控制器)。具体的，音圈振动位移控制方法，包括：
步骤S101、根据检测到的电声转换器的磁路系统中边线圈上的实时电流/电压，计算悬设于磁间隙内的音圈的实时位移。
这里需要说明的是，本实施例提供的所述方法适用于上述实施例提供的电声转换器。即参见图1、图2和图3所示，电声转换器包括：磁路系统及振动系统。其中，磁路系统包括：中心磁铁11及至少一对边线圈12。成对的边线圈12对称设置在中心磁铁11两侧，中心磁铁11与 边线圈12间形成有磁间隙，振动系统中的音圈10悬设在磁间隙中。音圈10及各边线圈12中均通有相应的工作电流/电压。
步骤S102、基于实时位移预估下一时刻音圈的目标位移。
步骤S103、根据目标位移，确定下一时刻需向边线圈提供的供电参数以调整音圈的振动位移。
其中，上述S101中音圈的实时位移的计算可采用如下步骤实现，即上述步骤S101可包括：
S1011、根据实时电流/电压，计算磁路系统内部的磁通变化量。
这里需要说明的是，不同结构的磁路系统，如五磁路系统(如上述图1和图2所示)，三磁路系统(如上述图3所示)，其磁路系统内部的磁通变化量的计算方式会有差别，但计算原理上是相同的。下面以图1和图2所示的五磁路系统(具体结构可参见上述实施例中内容)为例，对磁路系统内部的磁通变化量计算过程进行说明。具体实现过程如下：
首先，根据实时电流/电压及边线圈的物理特征参数，计算边线圈内部的磁通量。具体实施时，可基于如下两个公式(1)和公式(2)得到边线圈内部的磁通量。
Itest＝φout/(Nout*Sout)    (1)
Figure PCTCN2018093363-appb-000001
其中，Itest为检测到的边线圈上的实时电流，Nout为边线圈匝数，Sout为边线圈俯视面积；φout为边线圈内部的磁通量；e(t)为边线圈的感应电动势。
上述公式(1)中Itest可通过检测边线圈上的电流得到；将上述公式(1)变形为：φout＝Itest*Nout*Sout，即得到边线圈内部的磁通量φout。
上述公式(2)中e(t)可基于实时检测到的边线圈两端引线上的实时电压及供电单元各时刻为边线圈提供的工作电压计算得到。通过对上述公式(3)进行积分，即可得到边线圈内部的磁通量φout。
综上即为可以通过实时电流或电压来计算出边线圈内部的磁通量。
然后，根据边线圈内部的磁通量、中心磁铁内部的磁通量及所述边磁铁的物理特征参数及铁芯的物理特征参数，计算磁路系统内部的磁通变化量。其中，边磁铁的物理特征参数可以是边磁铁的截面积。铁芯的物理特征参数可以铁芯截面积。具体的，可基于如下公式(3)得到磁路系统内部的磁通变化量。
φout＝(φ1+φ2)*A2/(A1+A2)    (3)
其中，φout为边线圈内部的磁通量，φ1为中心磁铁内部的磁通量，φ2为磁路系统内部的磁通变化量，A1为边磁铁截面积，A2为边线圈内的铁芯截面积。由于φ1、A1、A2是已知的，在上述公式(1)或(2)可以计算出φout，通过上述公式(3)，可以计算出磁路系统内部的磁通变化量φ2。
S1012、根据磁路系统内部的磁通变化量、音圈的输入电流及音圈的物理特征参数，计算音圈的实时位移。
其中，音圈的物理特征参数为音圈的俯视面积。具体实施时，可采用如下公式(4)计算音圈的实时位移：
φ2＝μ0*N(Δd)*I 音圈*S 音圈    (4)
其中，φ2为磁路系统内部的磁通变化量，μ0是真空导磁率，N(Δd)是音圈在磁间隙内的线圈匝数与位移存在的关系，I音圈为音圈的输入电流，S音圈为音圈的俯视面积。
通过对上述公式(4)进行变换，可得到N(Δd)＝φ2/(μ0*I音圈*S音圈)。由于N(Δd)是音圈在磁间隙内的线圈匝数与位移存在的关系，因此得到N(Δd)的取值后即可得到音圈的位移(即上述提及的音圈的实时位移)。
需要说明的是，μ0、I音圈、及S音圈均是预先获知的参数。
在一种可实现的方案中，上述S102可具体采用如下方法实现：
S1021、根据电声转换器加载的音频频点对应的位移趋势模型，得到下一时刻音圈的位移变化量。
S1022、根据音圈的实时位移及位移变化量，预估出下一时刻音圈的目标位移。
具体实施时，在音圈的实时位移之上叠加所述位移变化量，即得到音圈的目标位移。假设音圈的实时位移为D1，位移变化量为d，目标位移为D2，预估算法可表征为：D2＝D1+d，其中，位移变化量d可能为正值，也可能为负值或零。
这里需要说明的是，电声转换器加载音频的频点不同，其对应的音圈位移趋势模型是不一样的。因此在预估下一时刻音圈的位移变化量时，需要选用电声转换器当前加载的音频频点对应的音圈位移趋势模型。
音圈位移趋势模型可以是通过多次实验测量并根据测量结果得到的；或通过模拟软件模拟出的，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
上述103中下一时刻向边线圈提供的供电参数可基于预先配置好的位移及供电参数的对应关系确定。在一种可实现的方案中，上述S103可具体采用如下方法实现：
根据预置的位移及供电参数的对应关系，获取目标位移对应的供电参数作为下一时刻需向边线圈提供的供电参数。
其中，位移及供电参数对应关系可表征为一个或多个函数，目标位移作为该位移及供电参数对应关系的输入，即可计算出边线圈的供电参数(如电流/电压)。或者，位移及供电参数对应关系为如下表1所示的形式。
表1位移及供电参数的对应关系
音圈位移 供电参数
D1 I1/U1
D2 I2/U2
…… ……
通过查询上表即可获得音圈目标位移对应的边线圈的供电参数。因上述表1表征的对应关系中音圈位移不是连续的，所以在实际应用中可能会出现查询不到音圈目标位移对应的边线圈供电参数的情况。此时， 可选用插值算法，计算出表中没有的音圈位移对应的供电参数。例如，采用上述方法计算得到的音圈的目标位移为D3，在表1中查找不到D3对应的供电参数，假设D3在D1与D2之间，则可基于D1和D2各自对应的供电参数，采用插值算法计算出D3对应的供电参数。其中，插值算法的具体实现可参见现有技术的相关内容，此处不再赘述。
位移及供电参数的对应关系可通过多次实验测量并根据测量结果得到；或通过模拟软件模拟得到，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，使用边线圈代替磁路系统中的部分或全部边磁铁，可通过调整通入边线圈内的电流或电压方式，调整音圈的振动位移及磁路性能，以使所述音圈的BL值趋向恒定，电声转换器趋向于线性工作状态，达到降低失真的目的。
电声转换器中音圈是带动振膜一起振动而使电声转换器发声的结构件。音圈受力是因为其处在磁场中且其内通有与磁感线垂直的电流，音圈在仿真分析中是一个特殊的组成部分，可在有限元软件中创建有限元分析模型；通过对有限元分析模型进行有限元分析得到音圈的BL值；然后通过不断的调整加载在有限元分析模型上的测试参数(如音圈供电参数和边线圈供电参数)使得分析出的音圈BL值趋于恒定。这样就可基于BL值趋于恒定时加载在有限元分析模型上的测试参数，得到音圈位移趋势模型和位移及供电参数的对应关系。即本申请实施例提供的音圈振动位移控制方法还可包括音圈位移趋势模型和位移及供电参数的对应关系的创建步骤。具体的，所述方法还可包括：
S104、根据电声转换器的几何图形，建立电声转换器的有限元模型。
S105、在有限元模型上加载一频点音频各时段对应的测试参数，并对有限元模型进行有限元分析以分析出音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段音圈的BL值。
其中，测试参数至少包括：音圈的供电参数及边线圈的供电参数。
S106、若各时段音圈的BL值满足恒定要求，则基于音圈在各时段的理想位移，得到频点对应的音圈位移趋势模型；基于音圈在各时段的 理想位移及各时段对应的边线圈的供电参数，得到位移及供电参数的对应关系。
S107、若各时段音圈的BL值不满足恒定要求，则调整部分时段对应的边线圈的供电参数，在有限元模型上加载音圈的供电参数及调整后的边线圈的供电参数并对有限元模型进行有限元分析，直至各时段音圈的BL值满足恒定要求。
其中，上述S104中电声转换器的几何图形可使用三维绘图软件绘制得到。该几何图形的结构及尺寸需与实际电声转换器产品的结构及尺寸相同，得到几何图形后可采用如下过程建立电声转换器的有限元模型。
步骤1、将电声转换器的几何图形导入网格划分软件，划分网格得到体单元。
步骤2、为各体单元定义单元类型及材料属性等，即完成了有限元模型的建立。
例如，电声转换器的磁路系统中各部分的体单元需要使用与之相适应的含磁自由度的单元类型。通过定义单元类型可为体单元配置相应的含磁自由度的单元类型，以便于后续分析。电声转换器的磁路系统中的磁铁的材料属性可定义为永磁体；导磁轭的材料属性可定义为铁磁材料；振动系统中的音圈的材料属性可定义为具有固定导磁率的导磁介质；等等。
上述S105中，因为不同音频频点音圈在各时刻的振动位移是不一样的。因此，在进行有限元分析时，需在有限元模型上加载某一频点各时段对应的测试参数，以分析出音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段所述音圈的BL值。
上述S106和S107中恒定要求可以是：音圈的BL值是否等于一设定值；或者音圈的BL值是否在预设范围内。其中，设定值及所述预设范围可基于经验设定。
上述调整边线圈的供电参数的过程可简单理解为如下过程：
边线圈12通以直流电时，可以改变磁路系统的性能。在音圈10位 移增大时，加大边线圈电流，增大磁路系统的磁通量，可以增强磁路；在音圈10位移减小时，减小边线圈电流，降低磁路系统的磁通量，可以减弱磁路；以使音圈在各时段的BL值趋于恒定。其中，每次加大/减小边线圈电流的量可以是一个定值，也可以是一个变动值，这可人为设定，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
需要说明的是，虽然结合附图对本申请实施例的具体实施方式进行了详细地描述，但不应理解为对本申请实施例的保护范围的限定。在权利要求书所描述的范围内，本领域技术人员不经创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改和变形仍属于本申请实施例的保护范围。
本申请实施例的示例旨在简明地说明本申请实施例的技术特点，使得本领域技术人员能够直观了解本申请实施例的技术特点，并不作为本申请实施例的不当限定。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
上述说明示出并描述了本申请实施例的若干优选实施例，但如前所述，应当理解本申请实施例并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述申请构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围，则都应在本申请实施例所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电声转换器，其特征在于，包括：磁路系统及振动系统；其中，
    所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁及至少一对边线圈；
    成对的所述边线圈对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；
    所述中心磁铁与所述边线圈间形成有磁间隙；
    所述振动系统中的音圈悬设在所述磁间隙中；
    所述音圈及各所述边线圈中均通有相应的工作电流/电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电声转换器，其特征在于，还包括：检测单元、控制单元及供电单元；其中，
    所述检测单元与所述控制单元连接；
    所述控制单元与所述供电单元连接；
    所述检测单元被配置为检测所述边线圈上的实时电流/电压；
    所述控制单元被配置为根据所述实时电流/电压计算所述音圈的实时位移；基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移，根据所述目标位移确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数；
    所述供电单元被配置为按照所述控制单元确定的所述供电参数为各所述边线圈供电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电声转换器，其特征在于，所述边线圈内设有铁芯。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电声转换器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括至少一对边磁铁；
    成对的所述边磁铁对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；
    所述边磁铁与所述边线圈间隔布置在所述中心磁铁的周围；
    所述中心磁铁及所述边磁铁间形成有所述磁间隙。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电声转换器，其特征在于，
    所述边线圈的引线自所述电声转换器壳体引出的位置与所述音圈的引线引出位置相同。
  6. 一种音圈振动位移控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据检测到的电声转换器磁路系统中边线圈上的实时电流/电压，计算悬设于磁间隙内的音圈的实时位移；其中，所述边线圈为至少一对，且成对的所述边线圈对称设置在所述磁路系统中的中心磁铁的两侧，所述中心磁铁与所述边线圈间形成有所述磁间隙；
    基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移；
    根据所述目标位移，确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数以调整所述音圈的振动位移。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，基于所述实时位移预估下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移，包括：
    基于所述电声转换器加载的音频频点对应的位移趋势模型，得到下一时刻所述音圈的位移变化量；
    根据所述音圈的实时位移及所述位移变化量，预估出下一时刻所述音圈的目标位移。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述目标位移，确定下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数，包括：
    根据预置的位移及供电参数的对应关系，获取所述目标位移对应的供电参数作为下一时刻需向所述边线圈提供的供电参数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    根据所述电声转换器的几何图形，建立所述电声转换器的有限元模型；
    在所述有限元模型上加载一频点音频各时段对应的测试参数，并对所述有限元模型进行有限元分析以分析出所述音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段所述音圈的BL值；其中，所述测试参数至少包括：所述音圈 的供电参数及所述边线圈的供电参数；
    若各时段所述音圈的BL值满足恒定要求，则基于所述音圈在各时段的理想位移，得到所述频点对应的所述位移趋势模型；基于所述音圈在各时段的理想位移及各时段对应的所述边线圈的供电参数，得到所述位移及供电参数的对应关系；
    若各时段所述音圈的BL值不满足恒定要求，则调整部分时段对应的所述边线圈的供电参数，在所述有限元模型上加载所述音圈的供电参数及调整后的所述边线圈的供电参数并对所述有限元模型进行有限元分析，直至各时段所述音圈的BL值满足恒定要求。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据检测到的电声转换器磁路系统中边线圈上的实时电流/电压，计算悬设于磁间隙内的音圈的实时位移，包括：
    根据所述实时电流/电压，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量；
    根据所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量、所述音圈的输入电流及所述音圈的物理特征参数，计算所述音圈的实时位移。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括至少一对边磁铁，成对的所述边磁铁对称设置在所述中心磁铁的两侧；所述边磁铁与所述边线圈间隔布置在所述中心磁铁的周围；所述中心磁铁及所述边磁铁间形成有所述磁间隙；所述边线圈内设有铁芯；
    根据所述实时电流/电压，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量，包括：
    根据所述实时电流/电压及所述边线圈的物理特征参数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量；
    根据所述边线圈内部的磁通量、所述中心磁铁内部的磁通量、所述边磁铁的物理特征参数及所述铁芯的物理特征参数，计算所述磁路系统内部的磁通变化量。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述边线圈的物理特征参数包括：线圈匝数及线圈俯视面积；
    根据所述实时电流/电压及所述边线圈的物理特征参数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量，包括：
    根据所述实时电流、所述边线圈的线圈匝数及所述边线圈的线圈俯视面积，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量；或者
    根据所述实时电流及所述边线圈上的供电电压，计算所述边线圈上的感应电动势；并基于所述感应电动势及所述边线圈的线圈匝数，计算所述边线圈内部的磁通量。
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