WO2019184844A1 - 动力电池组的电池功率状态sop计算方法、装置和电动汽车 - Google Patents

动力电池组的电池功率状态sop计算方法、装置和电动汽车 Download PDF

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WO2019184844A1
WO2019184844A1 PCT/CN2019/079449 CN2019079449W WO2019184844A1 WO 2019184844 A1 WO2019184844 A1 WO 2019184844A1 CN 2019079449 W CN2019079449 W CN 2019079449W WO 2019184844 A1 WO2019184844 A1 WO 2019184844A1
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battery pack
power
sop
power battery
current
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PCT/CN2019/079449
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邓林旺
吕纯
冯天宇
林思岐
杨子华
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019184844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184844A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery power state SOP calculation method for a power battery pack, a battery power state SOP calculation device for a power battery pack, and an electric vehicle.
  • SOP State of Powde
  • DCIR Direct Current Internal Resistance
  • the common protection strategy is to measure the internal resistance of the battery under laboratory conditions, and then estimate the SOP of the battery according to the voltage of the battery, and different conditions. The lower SOP value is written into the BMS (Battery Management System) algorithm. Once the SOP protection threshold is triggered in the actual operation of the electric vehicle, the output power of the battery pack is limited, thereby protecting the battery. .
  • laboratory data does not fully represent real vehicle data.
  • the simple laboratory simulation can not fully represent the actual vehicle working conditions, so directly using the RC network parameters obtained by the laboratory for the actual working conditions will lead to an increasing error in the real vehicle SOP estimation.
  • the chemical reaction inside the battery is a complicated nonlinear process.
  • the battery When the battery is charged and discharged, there is polarization phenomenon; as the number of battery cycles increases, a certain degree of aging phenomenon will also occur. And there are individual differences between different battery cells. Therefore, the RC network parameters of the battery will change regularly with the decay of the battery life, and these changes also greatly affect the accuracy of the SOP estimation, so simply assigning the initial value obtained by a laboratory is not effective. Guarantee the estimation accuracy of the battery SOP.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned techniques to some extent.
  • the first object of the present application is to provide a battery power state SOP calculation method for a power battery pack, which can greatly improve the estimation accuracy of the power battery pack SOP, thereby enabling effective protection of the power battery pack.
  • a second object of the present application is to also provide a battery power state SOP calculation device for a power battery pack.
  • a third object of the present application is to also propose an electric vehicle.
  • a battery power state SOP calculation method for a power battery pack includes the following steps: acquiring a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single battery cells in the power battery pack; a dual Kalman filter acquires a current state of charge of each of the single cells; and queries the relationship curve according to the current state of charge to obtain a current open circuit voltage of each of the single cells;
  • the MANN filter obtains the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the polarization capacitance of each of the single cells; the monomer is calculated according to the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the polarization capacitance of each of the single cells An equivalent impedance of the battery; calculating an SOP of the power battery pack based on an equivalent impedance of each of the unit cells and the current open circuit voltage.
  • a method for calculating a battery power state SOP of a power battery pack obtains a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery pack, and acquires each through a dual Kalman filter The current state of charge of the single cell to obtain the current open circuit voltage of each cell, and obtain the ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance of each cell through a dual Kalman filter to calculate The equivalent impedance of each unit cell, and the SOP of the power battery pack is calculated according to the equivalent impedance of each unit cell and the current open circuit voltage, thereby calculating the SOP according to the real-time parameters of the power battery pack, which can greatly improve the power The accuracy of the battery pack SOP is estimated so that effective protection of the power battery pack can be achieved.
  • the battery power state SOP calculating device of the power battery pack of the second aspect of the present application includes: a first acquiring module, configured to acquire an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single battery cells in the power battery pack a second acquisition module, configured to acquire a current state of charge of each of the single cells by using a dual Kalman filter; and a third obtaining module, configured to query the relationship curve according to the current state of charge Obtaining a current open circuit voltage of each of the single cells; and acquiring, by the dual Kalman filter, an ohmic internal resistance, a polarization internal resistance, and a polarization capacitance of each of the single cells a first calculation module, configured to calculate an equivalent impedance of the single cell according to an ohmic internal resistance, a polarization internal resistance, and a polarization capacitance of each of the single cells; and a second calculation module, configured to be used according to each The equivalent impedance of the single cell and the current open circuit voltage are used to calculate the SOP of
  • a battery power state SOP calculating device for a power battery pack obtains a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery pack and acquires each through a dual Kalman filter The current state of charge of the single cell to obtain the current open circuit voltage of each cell, and obtain the ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance of each cell through a dual Kalman filter to calculate The equivalent impedance of each unit cell, and the SOP of the power battery pack is calculated according to the equivalent impedance of each unit cell and the current open circuit voltage, thereby calculating the SOP according to the real-time parameters of the power battery pack, which can greatly improve the power The accuracy of the battery pack SOP is estimated so that effective protection of the power battery pack can be achieved.
  • the electric vehicle proposed in the embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention includes the battery power state SOP calculating device of the power battery pack proposed in the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application.
  • the estimation accuracy of the power battery pack SOP can be greatly improved, thereby enabling effective protection of the power battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a battery power state SOP of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a first-order RC network of a single cell according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a battery power state SOP calculation device of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of an electric vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the present application may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and the power battery pack includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, and when the power battery pack is charged or the power battery pack is discharged, correspondingly, the plurality of single batteries
  • the body battery can be charged at the same time or discharged at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a battery power state SOP calculation method for a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a method for calculating a battery power state SOP of a power battery pack includes the following steps:
  • S1 Obtain a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery.
  • a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of each of the unit cells can be pre-stored in the BMS.
  • the first-order RC network equivalent circuit of the single cell can be as shown in FIG. 2.
  • R 0 is an ohmic internal resistance
  • R 1 is a polarization internal resistance
  • C 1 is a polarization. capacitance.
  • the current state of charge of each unit cell can be obtained by a first Kalman filter in the dual Kalman filter DEKF and passed through a second Kalman filter in the dual Kalman filter.
  • the ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance of each unit cell are obtained.
  • the maximum allowable current of each of the single cells may be calculated based on the current open circuit voltage and the cutoff voltage of each of the individual cells.
  • the maximum allowable current per cell can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • Im_cell_num (OCV-VL)/Z,(1)
  • Im_cell_num is the maximum allowable current of the single battery
  • OCV is the current open circuit voltage
  • VL is the cutoff voltage of the single battery
  • Z is the equivalent impedance of the single battery.
  • the maximum allowable current of each unit cell is then sorted to obtain the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack.
  • IH min(Im_1, Im_2, . . . , Im_cell_num), where IH is the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack, and cell_num is the total number of single cells in the power battery pack. That is, the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack is the minimum of the maximum allowable currents of the plurality of single cells.
  • the SOP of the power battery pack is then calculated based on the equivalent impedance of each unit cell, the current open circuit voltage, and the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack.
  • the maximum power of each single cell can be calculated according to the equivalent impedance of each single cell, the current open circuit voltage, and the current value of the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack, to obtain the SOP of each single cell, and more The minimum value in the SOP of the individual cells is taken as the SOP of the power battery pack.
  • the maximum power of each single cell can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • the maximum power of each unit cell is calculated according to the above formula (2), the maximum power can be used as the SOP of the unit cell.
  • the SOPs of each cell are then ordered and the smallest SOP is used as the SOP for the power battery.
  • the above formula (2) can be modified to obtain:
  • the maximum current Imax of the power battery pack can be calculated according to the above formula (3), so that the power battery pack can be charged and discharged according to the maximum current Imax.
  • a method for calculating a battery power state SOP of a power battery pack obtains a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery pack, and acquires each through a dual Kalman filter The current state of charge of the single cell to obtain the current open circuit voltage of each cell, and obtain the ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance of each cell through a dual Kalman filter to calculate The equivalent impedance of each unit cell, and the SOP of the power battery pack is calculated according to the equivalent impedance of each unit cell and the current open circuit voltage, thereby calculating the SOP according to the real-time parameters of the power battery pack, which can greatly improve the power The accuracy of the battery pack SOP is estimated so that effective protection of the power battery pack can be achieved.
  • the present application also proposes a battery power state SOP calculation device for a power battery pack.
  • the battery power state SOP calculation device 100 of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present application includes: a first acquisition module 10, a second acquisition module 20, a third acquisition module 30, a fourth acquisition module 40, and a A calculation module 50 and a second calculation module 60.
  • the first obtaining module 10 is configured to obtain a relationship between an open circuit state and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery pack; and the second acquiring module 20 is configured to obtain each cell through the dual Kalman filter.
  • the current state of charge of the battery; the third obtaining module 30 is configured to query the relationship curve according to the current state of charge to obtain the current open circuit voltage; and the fourth obtaining module 40 is configured to obtain the ohmic range of each of the single cells through the dual Kalman filter.
  • the first calculation module 50 is configured to calculate the equivalent impedance of the single cell according to the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the polarization capacitance of each single cell;
  • Module 60 is operative to calculate the SOP of the power battery pack based on the equivalent impedance of each unit cell and the current open circuit voltage.
  • the first obtaining module 10 can retrieve a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of each of the pre-stored single cells from the BMS.
  • the first-order RC network equivalent circuit of the single cell can be as shown in FIG. 2.
  • R0 is an ohmic internal resistance
  • R1 is a polarization internal resistance
  • C1 is a polarization capacitance.
  • the second obtaining module 20 obtains the current state of charge of each of the single cells through the first Kalman filter in the dual Kalman filter DEKF, and the fourth acquiring module 40 can pass the dual Kalman A second Kalman filter in the filter acquires the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance, and the polarization capacitance of each of the unit cells.
  • the second calculating module 60 may first calculate the maximum allowable current of each of the single cells according to the current open circuit voltage and the cutoff voltage of each of the single cells.
  • the calculation module 60 can calculate the maximum allowable current of each single battery according to the following formula:
  • Im_cell_num (OCV-VL)/Z,(1)
  • Im_cell_num is the maximum allowable current of the single battery
  • OCV is the current open circuit voltage
  • VL is the cutoff voltage of the single battery
  • Z is the equivalent impedance of the single battery.
  • the maximum allowable current of each unit cell is then sorted to obtain the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack.
  • IH min(Im_1, Im_2, . . . , Im_cell_num), where IH is the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack, and cell_num is the total number of single cells in the power battery pack. That is, the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack is the minimum of the maximum allowable currents of the plurality of single cells.
  • the second calculation module 60 can then calculate the SOP of the power battery pack based on the equivalent impedance of each of the cells, the current open circuit voltage, and the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack.
  • the second calculation module 60 can calculate the maximum power of each single cell according to the current value of the equivalent impedance of each unit cell, the current open circuit voltage, and the maximum allowable current of the power battery pack, to obtain the SOP, and the minimum value of the SOPs of a plurality of single cells is taken as the SOP of the power battery pack.
  • the second calculation module 60 can calculate the maximum power of each single battery according to the following formula:
  • the second calculation module 60 may use the maximum power as the SOP of the unit cell.
  • the second calculation module 60 sorts the SOPs of each of the individual cells and uses the smallest SOP as the SOP of the power battery pack.
  • the above formula (2) can be modified to obtain:
  • the second calculating module 60 can calculate the maximum current Imax of the power battery pack according to the above formula (3), so as to perform charging and discharging control on the power battery pack according to the maximum current Imax. .
  • a battery power state SOP calculating device for a power battery pack obtains a relationship between an open circuit voltage and a state of charge of each of the single cells in the power battery pack and acquires each through a dual Kalman filter The current state of charge of the single cell to obtain the current open circuit voltage of each cell, and obtain the ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance of each cell through a dual Kalman filter to calculate The equivalent impedance of each unit cell, and the SOP of the power battery pack is calculated according to the equivalent impedance of each unit cell and the current open circuit voltage, thereby calculating the SOP according to the real-time parameters of the power battery pack, which can greatly improve the power The accuracy of the battery pack SOP is estimated so that effective protection of the power battery pack can be achieved.
  • the present application also proposes an electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 of the embodiment of the present application includes the battery power state SOP calculation device 100 of the power battery pack proposed in the above embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery power state SOP calculation device 100 of the power battery pack proposed in the above embodiment of the present application.
  • the estimation accuracy of the power battery pack SOP can be greatly improved, so that effective protection of the power battery pack can be achieved.
  • portions of the application can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • multiple steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques well known in the art: having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals. Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, and the like are to be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral; may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication of two elements or an interaction relationship of two elements unless explicitly defined otherwise.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

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Abstract

一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法、装置和电动汽车,该方法包括以下步骤:获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线(S1);通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态(S2);根据当前荷电状态查询关系曲线以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压(S3);通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容(S4);根据每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗(S5);根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP(S6)。

Description

动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法、装置和电动汽车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201810297932.5,申请日为2018年03月30日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域,特别涉及一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法、一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置和一种电动汽车。
背景技术
SOP(State of Powde,电池功率状态)是指电动汽车动力电池在下一时刻以及持续的大电流时所能够提供的最大放电功率。SOP的精确估算可以最大限度地提高电池的利用效率。比如在刹车时可以尽量多的吸收回馈的能量而不伤害电池。在加速时可以提供更大的功率获得更大的加速度而不伤害电池。同时也可以保证车即使在SOC(State of Charge,电池荷电状态)很低的行驶过程中也不会因为欠压或者过流保护而失去动力。尤其是在低温、低SOC态或者老化了的动力锂离子电池,既低SOH(State of Health,电池健康状态)态来说,SOP的估算精度显得尤为重要。例如在低温下,电池的DCIR(Direct Current Internal Resistance,直流阻抗)成指数性增长,此时同样的SOC下,电池如果还以大电流放电,则会出现电压的骤降,容易导致电池的过放。
目前市场上对电动汽车动力电池组进行SOP保护的已经慢慢出现,常见的保护策略则是在实验室条件下测出电池的内阻,然后根据电池的电压估算电池的SOP,并将不同条件下的SOP值写入BMS(Battery Management System,电池管理系统)算法中,一旦电动汽车在实际运行中触发SOP保护阈值时,则对电池包的输出功率进行限制,进而起到对电池的保护作用。
然而,实验室数据并不能完全代表实车数据,在电动汽车或储能电站等大量使用锂离子动力电池的场合中,其实际运行的环境温度、充放电倍率、放电深度等与实验室参数有很大出入,单纯的实验室模拟量并不能完全代表实车工况,所以直接将实验室得到的RC网络参数用于实际工况将会导致实车SOP估算误差越来越大。
另外,电池内部的化学反应是一个复杂的非线性过程,电池在充放电时,存在极化现象;随着电池循环次数的增加,也会产生一定程度的老化现象。而且不同的电池单体间存在个体差异。所以电池的RC网络参数会随着电池寿命的衰减呈现一定规律的变化,而这些变化规 律也在很大程度上影响SOP估算的精度,所以单纯的赋予一个实验室获得的初始值并不能有效的保证电池SOP的估算精度。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术中的技术问题之一。为此,本申请的第一个目的在于提出一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
本申请的第二个目的在于还提出一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置。
本申请的第三个目的在于还提出一种电动汽车。
本申请第一方面实施例提出的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,包括以下步骤:获取所述动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线;通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态;根据所述当前荷电状态查询所述关系曲线以获取每个所述单体电池的当前开路电压;通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容;根据每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗;根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗和所述当前开路电压计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,通过获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线和通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压,并通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容,以计算每个单体电池的等效阻抗,以及根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP,由此,根据动力电池组的实时参数计算其SOP,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
本申请第二方面实施例提出的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,包括:第一获取模块,用于获取所述动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线;第二获取模块,用于通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态;第三获取模块,用于根据所述当前荷电状态查询所述关系曲线以获取每个所述单体电池的当前开路电压;第四获取模块,用于通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容;第一计算模块,用于根据每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗;第二计算模块,用于根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗和所述当前开路电压计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,通过获取动力电池组中 每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线和通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压,并通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容,以计算每个单体电池的等效阻抗,以及根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP,由此,根据动力电池组的实时参数计算其SOP,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
本申请第三方面实施例提出的电动汽车,包括本申请第三方面实施例提出的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置。
根据本申请实施例的电动汽车,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过对本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1为根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法的流程图;
图2为根据本申请一个实施例的单体电池的一阶RC网络等效电路图;
图3为根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置的方框示意图;
图4为根据本申请实施例的电动汽车的方框示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面结合附图来描述本申请实施例的动力电池组的RC网络参数获取方法、装置和电动汽车。
本申请实施例的电动汽车可为纯电动汽车或混合动力汽车,其动力电池组包括多个串联的单体电池,在动力电池组进行充电或动力电池组进行放电时,对应地,多个单体电池可同时进行充电或同时进行放电。
图1为根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法的流程图。
如图1所示,本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线。
在本申请的一个实施例中,每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线可预存 于BMS中。
S2,通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态。
S3,根据当前荷电状态查询关系曲线以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压。
S4,通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容。
在本申请的一个实施例中,单体电池的一阶RC网络等效电路可如图2所示,图2中R 0为欧姆内阻,R 1为极化内阻,C 1为极化电容。
在本申请的实施例中,可通过双卡尔曼滤波器DEKF中的第一卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,并通过双卡尔曼滤波器中的第二卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容。
S5,根据每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗。
单体电池的等效阻抗Z=R0+Z1,其中,Z1为极化内阻和极化电容构成的RC网络的等效阻抗。
S6,根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP。
在本申请的一个实施例中,可先根据当前开路电压和每个单体电池的截止电压计算每个单体电池的最大允许电流。可根据如下公式计算每个单体电池的最大允许电流:
Im_cell_num=(OCV-VL)/Z,(1)
其中,Im_cell_num为单体电池的最大允许电流,OCV为当前开路电压,VL为单体电池的截止电压,Z为单体电池的等效阻抗。
再对每个单体电池的最大允许电流进行排序得到动力电池组的最大允许电流。IH=min(Im_1,Im_2,…,Im_cell_num),其中,IH为动力电池组的最大允许电流,cell_num为动力电池组中单体电池总个数。也就是说,动力电池组的最大允许电流为多个单体电池的最大允许电流中的最小值。
然后根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗、当前开路电压和动力电池组的最大允许电流计算动力电池组的SOP。可根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗、当前开路电压和动力电池组的最大允许电流以内的电流值计算每个单体电池的最大功率,以得到每个单体电池的SOP,并将多个单体电池的SOP中的最小值作为动力电池组的SOP。
其中,可根据如下公式计算每个单体电池的最大功率:
P=(OCV-Z*I)*I,(2)
其中,P为单体电池的功率,0≤I≤IH,其中,IH为动力电池组的最大允许电流。
在根据上述公式(2)计算得到每个单体电池的最大功率后,可将该最大功率作为该单体电池的SOP。然后对每个单体电池的SOP进行排序,并将最小的SOP作为动力电池组的SOP。可对上述公式(2)进行变型,得到:
SOP=(OCV-Z*Imax)*Imax,(3)
在得到动力电池组的SOP后,可根据上述公式(3)计算得到动力电池组的最大电流Imax,以便根据该最大电流Imax对动力电池组进行充放电控制。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,通过获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线和通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压,并通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容,以计算每个单体电池的等效阻抗,以及根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP,由此,根据动力电池组的实时参数计算其SOP,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
对应上述实施例,本申请还提出一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置。
如图3所示,本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置100,包括:第一获取模块10、第二获取模块20、第三获取模块30、第四获取模块40、第一计算模块50和第二计算模块60。
其中,第一获取模块10用于获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电与荷电状态之间的关系曲线;第二获取模块20用于通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态;第三获取模块30用于根据当前荷电状态查询关系曲线以获取当前开路电压;第四获取模块40用于通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容;第一计算模块50用于根据每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗;第二计算模块60用于根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一获取模块10可从BMS中调取预存的每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线。
在本申请的一个实施例中,单体电池的一阶RC网络等效电路可如图2所示,图2中R0为欧姆内阻,R1为极化内阻,C1为极化电容。
在本申请的实施例中,第二获取模块20通过双卡尔曼滤波器DEKF中的第一卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,第四获取模块40可通过双卡尔曼滤波器中的第二卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第二计算模块60可先根据当前开路电压和每个单体电池的截止电压计算每个单体电池的最大允许电流。其中,计算模块60可根据如下公式计算每个单体电池的最大允许电流:
Im_cell_num=(OCV-VL)/Z,(1)
其中,Im_cell_num为单体电池的最大允许电流,OCV为当前开路电压,VL为单体电池的截止电压,Z为单体电池的等效阻抗。
再对每个单体电池的最大允许电流进行排序得到动力电池组的最大允许电流。IH=min(Im_1,Im_2,…,Im_cell_num),其中,IH为动力电池组的最大允许电流,cell_num为动力电池组中单体电池总个数。也就是说,动力电池组的最大允许电流为多个单体电池的最大允许电流中的最小值。
然后第二计算模块60可根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗、当前开路电压和动力电池组的最大允许电流计算动力电池组的SOP。第二计算模块60可根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗、当前开路电压和动力电池组的最大允许电流以内的电流值计算每个单体电池的最大功率,以得到每个单体电池的SOP,并将多个单体电池的SOP中的最小值以作为动力电池组的SOP。
其中,第二计算模块60可根据如下公式计算每个单体电池的最大功率:
P=(OCV-Z*I)*I,(2)
其中,P为单体电池的功率,0≤I≤IH,其中,IH为动力电池组的最大允许电流。
在根据上述公式(2)计算得到每个单体电池的最大功率后,第二计算模块60可将该最大功率作为该单体电池的SOP。然后第二计算模块60对每个单体电池的SOP进行排序,并将最小的SOP作为动力电池组的SOP。可对上述公式(2)进行变型,得到:
SOP=(OCV-Z*Imax)*Imax,(3)
可以理解的是,在得到动力电池组的SOP后,第二计算模块60可根据上述公式(3)计算得到动力电池组的最大电流Imax,以便根据该最大电流Imax对动力电池组进行充放电控制。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,通过获取动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线和通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的当前荷电状态,以获取每个单体电池的当前开路电压,并通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容,以计算每个单体电池的等效阻抗,以及根据每个单体电池的等效阻抗和当前开路电压计算动力电池组的SOP,由此,根据动力电池组的实时参数计算其SOP,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实现对动力电池组的有效保护。
对应上述实施例,本申请还提出一种电动汽车。
如图4所示,本申请实施例的电动汽车1000,包括本申请上述实施例提出的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置100,其具体的实施方式可参照上述实施例,为避免冗余,在此不再赘述。
根据本申请实施例的电动汽车,能够大大提高动力电池组SOP的估算精度,从而能够实 现对动力电池组的有效保护。
在本申请的描述中,应当理解,本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中,多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如,如果用硬件来实现,和在另一实施方式中一样,可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现:具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路,具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路,可编程门阵列(PGA),现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本申请的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    获取所述动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线;
    通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态;
    根据所述当前荷电状态查询所述关系曲线以获取每个所述单体电池的当前开路电压;
    通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容;
    根据每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗;
    根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗和所述当前开路电压计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗和所述当前开路电压计算所述动力电池组的SOP,包括:
    根据所述当前开路电压和每个所述单体电池的截止电压计算每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流,并对每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流进行排序得到所述动力电池组的最大允许电流;
    根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗、所述当前开路电压和所述动力电池组的最大允许电流计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,根据如下公式计算每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流:
    Im_cell_num=(OCV-VL)/Z,
    其中,Im_cell_num为所述单体电池的最大允许电流,OCV为所述当前开路电压,VL为所述单体电池的截止电压,Z为所述单体电池的等效阻抗,
    其中,所述动力电池组的最大允许电流为多个所述单体电池的最大允许电流中的最小值。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗、所述当前开路电压和所述动力电池组的最大允许电流计算所述动力电池组的SOP,包括:
    根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗、所述当前开路电压和所述动力电池组的最大允许电流以内的电流值计算每个所述单体电池的最大功率,以得到每个所述单体电池的SOP;
    将多个所述单体电池的SOP中的最小值作为所述动力电池组的SOP。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,根据如下公式计算每个所述单体电池的最大功率:
    P=(OCV-Z*I)*I,
    其中,P为所述单体电池的功率,0≤I≤IH,其中,IH为所述动力电池组的最大允许电 流。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算方法,其特征在于,其中,通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器中的第一卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态,并通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器中的第二卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容。
  7. 一种动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,包括:
    第一获取模块,用于获取所述动力电池组中每个单体电池的开路电压与荷电状态之间的关系曲线;
    第二获取模块,用于通过双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态;
    第三获取模块,用于根据所述当前荷电状态查询所述关系曲线以获取每个所述单体电池的当前开路电压;
    第四获取模块,用于通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容;
    第一计算模块,用于根据每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容计算该单体电池的等效阻抗;
    第二计算模块,用于根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗和所述当前开路电压计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,所述第二计算模块用于根据所述当前开路电压和每个所述单体电池的截止电压计算每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流,并对每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流进行排序得到所述动力电池组的最大允许电流,以及根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗、所述当前开路电压和所述动力电池组的最大允许电流计算所述动力电池组的SOP。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,所述第二计算模块根据如下公式计算每个所述单体电池的最大允许电流:
    Im_cell_num=(OCV-VL)/Z,
    其中,Im_cell_num为所述单体电池的最大允许电流,OCV为所述当前开路电压,VL为所述单体电池的截止电压,Z为所述单体电池的等效阻抗,
    其中,所述动力电池组的最大允许电流为多个所述单体电池的最大允许电流中的最小值。
  10. 如权利要求7-9中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,所述第二计算模块用于根据每个所述单体电池的等效阻抗、所述当前开路电压和所述动力电池组的最大允许电流以内的电流值计算每个所述单体电池的最大功率,以得到每个所述单体电池的SOP,并将多个所述单体电池的SOP中的最小值以作为所述动力电池组的SOP。
  11. 如权利要求7-10中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,所述第二计算模块根据如下公式计算每个所述单体电池的最大功率:
    P=(OCV-Z*I)*I,
    其中,P为所述单体电池的功率,0≤I≤IH,其中,IH为所述动力电池组的最大允许电流。
  12. 如权利要求7-11中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置,其特征在于,其中,所述第二获取模块通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器中的第一卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的当前荷电状态,所述第四获取模块通过所述双卡尔曼滤波器中的第二卡尔曼滤波器获取每个所述单体电池的欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容。
  13. 一种电动汽车,其特征在于,包括如权利要求7-12中任一项所述的动力电池组的电池功率状态SOP计算装置。
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