WO2019184294A1 - 一种铬铁合金的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铬铁合金的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019184294A1
WO2019184294A1 PCT/CN2018/109573 CN2018109573W WO2019184294A1 WO 2019184294 A1 WO2019184294 A1 WO 2019184294A1 CN 2018109573 W CN2018109573 W CN 2018109573W WO 2019184294 A1 WO2019184294 A1 WO 2019184294A1
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parts
minutes
degrees celsius
chromium
ferrochrome
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PCT/CN2018/109573
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭健
郭小芳
郭乃林
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盐城市鑫洋电热材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2019184294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184294A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
    • C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a ferrochrome alloy.
  • the structure and properties of the constituent phases of the alloy play a decisive role in the properties of the alloy.
  • the change of the alloy structure ie the relative number of phases in the alloy, the grain size, shape and distribution of the phases, also affect the properties of the alloy.
  • the use of a combination of various elements to form a variety of different alloy phases, and then appropriate treatment may meet a variety of different performance requirements.
  • An iron alloy containing chromium and iron as main components It is one of the main alloying agents used in the steel industry. It contains impurities such as carbon, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus in addition to the main components of chromium and iron.
  • Ferrochrome contains 55% to 75% of chromium, and is classified into high carbon (4% to 10% C), medium carbon (0.5% to 4% C), low carbon (>0.15% to 0.5% C) according to carbon content.
  • Micro-carbon ( ⁇ 0.15% C) ferrochrome High-carbon ferrochrome is also called carbon ferrochrome. Medium, low and micro-carbon ferrochrome are also called refined ferrochrome.
  • chromium to steel can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of steel and increase the corrosion resistance of steel.
  • Chromium is contained in many steels with special physicochemical properties.
  • the chromium in the steel is added with ferrochrome.
  • High carbon ferrochrome is used as an alloying agent for ball steel (0.5% to 1.45% Cr), tool steel, die steel (5% to 12% Cr) and high speed steel (3.8% to 4.4% Cr) to improve the quenching of steel.
  • Permeability increases the wear resistance and hardness of steel.
  • the addition of chromium to cast iron improves hardness and improves wear resistance. Chromium containing 0.5% to 1.0% improves mechanical properties.
  • High-carbon ferrochrome and charge-grade ferrochrome are used in large quantities to smelt stainless steel (AOD or VOD method) to reduce production costs.
  • Medium and low carbon ferrochrome is used to produce medium and low carbon structural steel, carburized steel, gears, high pressure blower blades, valve plates, etc.
  • Micro-carbon ferrochrome is used in the production of stainless steel, acid-resistant steel, heat-resistant steel and electrothermal alloy.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of a ferrochrome alloy, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) 50 to 80 parts by weight of high carbon ferrochrome, 10 to 20 parts of high carbon ferromanganese, 10 to 20 parts of ferromolybdenum, 10 to 15 parts of copper, 10 to 15 parts of nickel, and 10 to 30 parts of the chromium-derived agent is subjected to smelting treatment, and then, 250 to 350 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome is again introduced for smelting treatment;
  • Step (2) adding aluminum powder to the molten state to deoxidize
  • Step (3) metal agglomeration treatment to form a mass
  • Step (4) Sintering and slag removal to obtain a high chromium alloy.
  • the temperature of the smelting is 1,500 to 1,700 degrees Celsius, and the time is 50 to 100 minutes.
  • the temperature of the agglomeration treatment is 1200 to 1300 degrees Celsius, and the time is 30 to 50 minutes.
  • the sintering process comprises: constant temperature sintering at a temperature of 700 to 1100 degrees Celsius and a time of 60 to 90 minutes.
  • the sintering process comprises: preheating at 300 to 500 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, sintering at 700 to 900 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, and sintering at 1100 to 1400 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
  • the sintering process comprises: rapidly heating to 1300 to 1500 degrees Celsius, sintering for 5 to 10 minutes, and then rapidly cooling to 800 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and after heat preservation for 200 minutes, air cooling .
  • the chromium removal agent comprises a mixture of potassium dichromate.
  • the chromium removal agent comprises a mixture of potassium dichromate, dilute sulfuric acid, coke.
  • the mass ratio of the potassium dichromate, dilute sulfuric acid, and coke is from 5 to 8: 2-3: 2-4.
  • the present invention uses a chromium-based agent to prepare an alloy, and the produced ferrochrome alloy has high hardness and high wear resistance.
  • the present invention delivers ferrochrome raw materials in batches, which can improve the utilization rate of ferrochrome raw materials.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of a ferrochrome alloy, comprising:
  • Step (1) 50 to 80 parts by weight of high carbon ferrochrome, 10 to 20 parts of high carbon ferromanganese, 10 to 20 parts of ferromolybdenum, 10 to 15 parts of copper, 10 to 15 parts of nickel, and 10 to 30 parts of the chromium-derived agent is subjected to smelting treatment, and then, 250 to 350 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome is again introduced for smelting treatment;
  • Step (2) adding aluminum powder to the molten state to deoxidize
  • Step (3) metal agglomeration treatment to form a mass
  • Step (4) Sintering and slag removal to obtain a high chromium alloy.
  • the temperature of the smelting is 1600 to 1700 degrees Celsius, and the time is 50 to 100 minutes.
  • the temperature is from 1550 to 1650 degrees Celsius and the time is from 85 to 100 minutes.
  • the temperature of the agglomeration treatment is 1200 to 1300 degrees Celsius, and the time is 30 to 50 minutes.
  • the temperature is from 1250 to 1300 degrees Celsius and the time is from 30 to 35 minutes.
  • the temperature is sintered at a temperature of 700 to 1100 degrees Celsius for a period of 60 to 90 minutes.
  • the temperature is from 700 to 750 degrees Celsius and the time is from 75 to 85 minutes.
  • the mixture is preheated at 300 to 500 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, then sintered at 700 to 900 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, and then sintered at 1100 to 1400 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
  • the mixture is rapidly heated to 1300 to 1500 degrees Celsius, sintered for 5 to 10 minutes, and then rapidly cooled to 800 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and after being kept for 200 minutes, air-cooled.
  • the chromium removal agent comprises a mixture of potassium dichromate.
  • the chromium removal agent comprises a mixture of potassium dichromate, dilute sulfuric acid, coke.
  • the mass ratio of the potassium dichromate, dilute sulfuric acid, and coke is 5-8:2-3:2-4.
  • the chromium-extracting agent is a kind of substance which can promote the melting of chromium, has a certain melting point, can melt the chromium quickly, prevents the metal from being over-corrosive and hydrogen-cracking, and suppresses the generation of acid mist.
  • Step (1) smelting 80 parts of high carbon ferrochrome, 20 parts of high carbon ferromanganese, 20 parts of ferromolybdenum, 15 parts of copper, 15 parts of nickel, and 30 parts of chromium extracting agent by weight, and then smelting , again, 350 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome is used for smelting treatment; the smelting temperature is 1700 ° C for 100 minutes; step (2): adding aluminum powder to the molten mixture for deoxidation; step (3): metal agglomeration treatment Forming agglomerates, the temperature of the agglomeration treatment is 1300 degrees Celsius, and the time is 50 minutes; step (4): sintering and slag removal to obtain a high chromium alloy, the sintering temperature is 1100 degrees Celsius, and the time is 60 minutes.
  • Step (1) smelting 50 parts of high carbon ferrochrome, 10 parts of high carbon ferromanganese, 10 parts of ferromolybdenum, 10 parts of copper, 10 parts of nickel, and 10 parts of chromium extracting agent by weight, and then , re-injection of 250 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome for smelting; smelting temperature is 1500 ° C for 50 minutes; step (2): adding aluminum powder to the molten mixture for deoxidation; step (3): metal agglomeration treatment Forming agglomerates, the temperature of the agglomeration treatment is 1200 degrees Celsius and the time is 30 minutes; step (4): sintering and slag removal to obtain a high chromium alloy, which is preheated at 500 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes and then at 900 degrees Celsius during sintering. Sintered for 30 minutes and sintered at 1400 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
  • Step (1) smelting 60 parts of high carbon ferrochrome, 15 parts of high carbon ferromanganese, 15 parts of ferromolybdenum, 12 parts of copper, 12 parts of nickel, and 20 parts of chromium extracting agent by weight, and then , re-injection of 300 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome for smelting; the temperature of smelting is 1600 degrees Celsius for 90 minutes; step (2): adding aluminum powder to the molten state to deoxidize; step (3): metal agglomeration treatment Forming agglomerates, the temperature of the agglomeration treatment is 1250 degrees Celsius and the time is 40 minutes; step (4): sintering and slag removal, obtaining a high chromium alloy, during the sintering process, rapidly heating to 1300 degrees Celsius, sintering for 10 minutes, and then rapidly Cool down to 100 degrees Celsius, keep warm for 200 minutes, air-cooled.
  • the ferrochrome alloy used for comparison was prepared in the same manner as the ferrochrome alloy of the present invention, but no chromium agent was added. It has been found that the ferrochrome alloy produced by using the chromium-based agent to prepare the alloy has higher hardness and stronger wear resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

一种铬铁合金的制备方法，包括：步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将50～80份高碳铬铁、10～20份高碳锰铁、10～20份钼铁、10～15份铜、10～15份镍，以及10～30份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入250～350份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块；步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金。

Description

一种铬铁合金的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于合金材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种铬铁合金的制备方法。
背景技术
合金中组成相的结构和性质对合金的性能起决定性的作用.同时，合金组织的变化即合金中相的相对数量、各相的晶粒大小，形状和分布的变化，对合金的性能也发生很大的影响。因此，利用各种元素的结合以形成各种不同的合金相，再经过合适的处理可能满足各种不同的性能要求。
以铬和铁为主要成分的铁合金。是钢铁工业用的主要合金剂之一，除了主成分铬与铁外还含有碳、硅、硫、磷等杂质。铬铁含铬55％～75％，按含碳量分为高碳(4％～10％C)、中碳(0.5％～4％C)、低碳(>0.15％～0.5％C)和微碳(≤0.15％C)铬铁。高碳铬铁又称碳素铬铁，中、低、微碳铬铁又称精炼铬铁。
铬加入钢中能显著改善钢的抗氧化性，增加钢的抗腐蚀能力。在许多具有特殊物理化学性能的钢中都含有铬。钢中的铬是用铬铁添加的。高碳铬铁用作滚珠钢(0.5％～1.45％Cr)、工具钢、模具钢(5％～12％Cr)和高速钢(3.8％～4.4％Cr)的合金剂，可提高钢的淬透性，增加钢的耐磨性和硬度。铸铁中加入铬可提高硬度，改善耐磨性，含铬0.5％～1.0％便可改善其机械性能。高碳铬铁和炉料级铬铁大量用作冶炼不锈钢(AOD或VOD法)的炉料，降低生产成本。中、低碳铬铁用于生产中、低碳结构钢、渗碳钢，制造齿轮、高压鼓风机叶片、阀板等。微碳铬铁用于生产不锈钢、耐酸钢、耐热钢和电热合金等。
目前的铬铁合金的耐磨性和硬度还有改进空间，才能应用于更高要求的抗磨粒磨损工件中。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种铬铁合金的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将50～80份高碳铬铁、10～20份高碳锰铁、10～20份钼铁、10～15份铜、10～15份镍，以及10～30份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入250～350份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；
步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；
步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块；
步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金。
根据本发明的一方面，在步骤(1)中，熔炼的温度在1500～1700摄氏度，时间在50～100分钟。
根据本发明的另一方面，在步骤(2)中，结块处理的温度是1200～1300摄氏度，时间为30～50分钟。
根据本发明的另一方面，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：恒温烧结，温度为700～1100摄氏度，时间为60～90分钟。
根据本发明的另一方面，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：先在300～500摄氏度预热10分钟，再在700～900摄氏度烧结30分钟，再在1100～1400摄氏度烧结30分钟。
根据本发明的另一方面，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：迅速加热至1300～1500摄氏度后，烧结5～10分钟，再迅速降温至800～1100摄氏度，保温200分钟后，风冷。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾的混合物。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的混合物。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的质量比为5-8:2-3:2-4。
本发明实现如下技术效果：
(1)本发明使用出铬剂制备合金，产出的铬铁合金硬度高，耐磨性强。
(2)本发明分批投放铬铁原料，能够提升铬铁原料的利用率。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种铬铁合金的制备方法，包括：
步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将50～80份高碳铬铁、10～20份高碳锰铁、10～20份钼铁、10～15份铜、10～15份镍，以及10～30份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入250～350份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；
步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；
步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块；
步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金。
较佳地，在步骤(1)中，熔炼的温度在1600～1700摄氏度，时间在50～100分钟。优选地，温度为1550～1650摄氏度，时间在85～100分钟。
较佳地，在步骤(2)中，结块处理的温度是1200～1300摄氏度，时间为30～50分钟。优选地，温度为1250～1300摄氏度，时间为30～35分钟。
较佳地，在步骤(4)中，恒温烧结，温度为700～1100摄氏度，时间为60～90分钟。优选地，温度为700～750摄氏度，时间为75～85分钟。
较佳地，在步骤(4)中，先在300～500摄氏度预热10分钟，再在700～900摄氏度烧结30分钟，再在1100～1400摄氏度烧结30分钟。
较佳地，在步骤(4)中，迅速加热至1300～1500摄氏度后，烧结5～10分钟，再迅速降温至800～1100摄氏度，保温200分钟后，风冷。
较佳地，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾的混合物。
优选地，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的混合物。
较佳地，所述重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的质量比为5-8:2-3:2-4。
出铬剂是一类能促进铬熔出的物质，具有一定的熔点，能将铬迅速的熔出，防止金属出现过腐蚀和氢脆现象、抑制酸雾的产生。
实施例1：
步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将80份高碳铬铁、20份高碳锰铁、20份钼铁、15份铜、15份镍，以及30份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入350份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；熔炼的温度在1700摄氏度，时间在100分钟；步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块，结块处理的温度是1300摄氏度，时间为50分钟；步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金，烧结温度为1100摄氏度，时间为60分钟。
实施例2：
步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将50份高碳铬铁、10份高碳锰铁、10份钼铁、10份铜、10份镍，以及10份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入250份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；熔炼的温度在1500摄氏度，时间在50分钟；步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块，结块处理的温度是1200摄氏度，时间为30分钟；步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金，烧结过程中，先在500摄氏度预热10分钟，再在900摄氏度烧结30分钟，再在1400摄氏度烧结30分钟。
实施例3：
步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将60份高碳铬铁、15份高碳锰铁、15份钼铁、12份铜、12份镍，以及20份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入300份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；熔炼的温度在1600摄氏度，时间在90分钟；步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块，结块处理的温度是1250摄氏度，时间为40分钟；步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金，烧结过程中，迅速加热至1300摄氏度后，烧结10分钟，再迅速降温至100摄氏度，保温200分钟后，风冷。
对比例：
用于对比的铬铁合金与本发明铬铁合金的制备方法相同，但是没有添加出铬剂。经检测，本发明使用出铬剂制备合金产出的铬铁合金硬度更高，耐磨性 更强。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种铬铁合金的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤(1)：按照重量份数计，将50～80份高碳铬铁、10～20份高碳锰铁、10～20份钼铁、10～15份铜、10～15份镍，以及10～30份出铬剂进行熔炼处理，之后，再次投入250～350份高碳铬铁进行熔炼处理；
    步骤(2)：向熔化状态的混合物中加入铝粉脱氧；
    步骤(3)：金属结块处理，形成团块；
    步骤(4)：烧结除渣，得到高铬合金。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，熔炼的温度在1500～1700摄氏度，时间在50～100分钟。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，结块处理的温度是1200～1300摄氏度，时间为30～50分钟。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：恒温烧结，温度为700～1100摄氏度，时间为60～90分钟。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：先在300～500摄氏度预热10分钟，再在700～900摄氏度烧结30分钟，再在1100～1400摄氏度烧结30分钟。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，烧结过程包括：迅速加热至1300～1500摄氏度后，烧结5～10分钟，再迅速降温至800～1100摄氏度，保温200分钟后，风冷。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾的混合物。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述出铬剂包括重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的混合物。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述重铬酸钾、稀硫酸、焦炭的质量比为5-8:2-3:2-4。
PCT/CN2018/109573 2018-03-27 2018-10-10 一种铬铁合金的制备方法 WO2019184294A1 (zh)

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