WO2019176861A1

WO2019176861A1 - Solar panel

Info

Publication number: WO2019176861A1
Application number: PCT/JP2019/009716
Authority: WO
Inventors: 智子道原
Original assignee: 日本板硝子株式会社
Priority date: 2018-03-11
Filing date: 2019-03-11
Publication date: 2019-09-19
Also published as: JPWO2019176861A1

Abstract

The present invention provides a solar cell panel comprising: a solar cell module (10) having at least one glass plate and solar cell; a glass body (3) having at least one glass plate; and a spacer (4) arranged between the solar cell module (10) and the glass body (3) to form an air gap layer (5) therebetween, wherein visible light transmittance of the solar cell module (10) is 0.5 to 50%, a heat transmission coefficient is 1.5 to 2.9 W/m2K, and a solar heat gain rate measured from the solar cell module (10) side is 0.1 to 0.5.

Description

Solar panel

The present invention relates to a solar cell panel.

In recent years, solar panels have been increasingly used as windows for buildings such as buildings (for example, Patent Document 1). Thereby, electric power generation with a window glass can be performed.

JP 2017-92242 A

By the way, in buildings and other buildings, air conditioning for cooling or heating is in operation throughout the year. However, in consideration of recent ecological policies, reduction of the energy load of these air conditioning is required. And improvement of a window glass is requested | required in order to reduce such an energy load. Such a demand is also demanded for a solar cell panel used as a window glass. The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and an object thereof is to provide a solar cell panel capable of reducing an energy load.

Item 1. A solar cell module having at least one glass plate and solar cells;
A glass body having at least one glass plate;
A spacer that is disposed between the solar cell module and the glass body and forms a void layer therebetween;
With
The visible light transmittance of the solar cell module is 0.5 to 50%,
The heat transmissivity is 1.5 to 2.9 W / m ² K;
A solar cell panel, wherein a solar heat gain rate measured by making incident light incident from the solar cell module side is 0.1 to 0.5.

Item 2. The solar cell panel according to claim 1, having a visible light transmittance of 0.5 to 50%.

Item 3. The visible light reflectance measured by making incident light incident from the solar cell module side is 3 to 10%,
Item 3. The solar cell panel according to

Item

1 or 2, wherein the visible light reflectance measured by making incident light incident from the glass body side is 5 to 12%.

Item 4. Item 4. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the solar cell module includes a first Low-E film formed on a surface on the gap layer side.

Item 5. Item 5. The solar cell panel according to Item 4, wherein the first Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide layer.

Item 6. Item 5. The solar cell panel according to Item 4, wherein the first Low-E film includes a silver layer mainly composed of silver.

Item 7. Item 5. The solar cell panel according to Item 4, wherein the first Low-E film is formed by laminating two silver layers mainly composed of silver.

Item 8. Item 8. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the glass body includes a second Low-E film formed on a surface on the gap layer side.

Item 9. Item 9. The solar cell panel according to Item 8, wherein the second Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide layer.

Item 10. Item 9. The solar cell panel according to Item 8, wherein the second Low-E film includes a silver layer mainly composed of silver.

Item 11. Item 9. The solar cell panel according to Item 8, wherein the second Low-E film is formed by laminating two silver layers mainly composed of silver.

Item 12. The solar cell module is
A first glass plate;
A second glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
The solar battery cell disposed so as to be in contact with the intermediate film;
Item 12. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 11, further comprising:

Item 13. The solar cell module includes one glass plate and the solar cell supported by the glass plate,
Item 12. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 11, wherein the solar cell is disposed to face the gap layer side.

Item 14. Item 14. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 13, wherein the glass body is configured by a single glass plate.

Item 15. The glass body is made of laminated glass,
The laminated glass is
A first glass plate;
A second glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
Item 14. The solar cell panel according to any one of Items 1 to 13, comprising:

According to the solar cell panel according to the present invention, the energy load can be reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the solar cell panel which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a 1st solar cell module. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a 2nd solar cell module. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated glass used for a solar cell panel. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the pressure-reduced heat insulation multilayer glass used for the comparative example. It is a figure which shows the example of the energy load of the Example and comparative example of this invention.

<1. Overview of Solar Panel>
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a solar cell panel according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the solar cell panel according to the present embodiment includes a solar cell module 10 having substantially the same rectangular outer shape and a glass body 3, and these are arranged at the peripheral edge thereof. The spacers 4 are connected to each other. By the spacer 4, a first gap layer 5 is formed between the solar cell module and the glass body 2. Although not shown, the first gap layer 5 is hermetically sealed by a sealing material disposed outside the spacer 4. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<2. Solar cell module>
Although the solar cell module can take various configurations, here, two solar cell modules, that is, the first solar cell module 1 and the second solar cell module 2 will be described.

<2-1. First Solar Cell Module>
As shown in FIG. 2, the first solar cell module 1 includes a first glass plate 11, a second glass plate 12, a transparent intermediate film 13 composed of a plurality of layers disposed therebetween, and a layer of the intermediate film 13 The photovoltaic cell 14 arrange | positioned between is provided. In addition, a Low-E film can be laminated on the surface of the second glass plate 12 facing the first gap layer 5 as necessary. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<2-1-1. Glass plate>
The 1st glass plate 11 and the 2nd glass plate 12 are not specifically limited, A well-known glass plate can be used. For example, various glass plates such as heat ray absorbing glass, clear glass, high transmittance glass, green glass, UV green glass, and soda lime glass can be used. The opposing glass plate is preferably a clear glass or a high transmittance glass. It is because the electric power generation amount in a photovoltaic cell increases by using those preferable glass. The thickness of the glass plate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 15 mm, for example, and more preferably 2.5 to 8 mm.

<2-1-2. Solar cell>
The solar battery cell 14 converts light energy into electrical energy. The solar battery cell 14 is not particularly limited. For example, a silicon system (crystal system, thin film system), a compound system (CIGS, GaAS, CdTe, etc.), an organic system (dye sensitization, an organic thin film, a perovskite, etc.), etc. Can be adopted. Among them, in the first solar cell module 1, it is preferable to use silicon-based, particularly crystalline solar cells. This is because the wafer shape can be handled independently, and the degree of freedom of arrangement and electrical connection in the solar cell module is high. In addition, a plurality of solar cells 14 are provided, and are connected in series or in parallel by a conductive wire 18. In addition, the shape of each photovoltaic cell is not specifically limited, It can form in various shapes, such as a rectangular shape and a circular shape.

<2-1-3. Interlayer>
The intermediate film 13 has a plurality of layers formed of a transparent resin, and the above-described solar battery cell is sealed between any two layers. Although the material which comprises each layer is not specifically limited, For example, it can form with a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA), an olefin resin, an ionomer resin, a silicone resin, etc.

The total thickness of the intermediate film 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred. The thickness of each layer is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. In addition, it is possible to use an intermediate film 13 composed of two or more layers while keeping the total thickness of the intermediate film 13 constant.

<2-1-4. Low-E membrane>
The configuration of the Low-E film (low emission film) is not particularly limited, and a known Low-E film can be applied.

The Low-E film is a film including a metal layer such as an Ag layer, for example. This film has, for example, a structure in which a dielectric layer / metal layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer are laminated in order from the main plane side of the glass plate. In other words, the Low-E film sandwiches the metal layer, the sacrificial layer disposed in contact with the metal layer on the surface of the metal layer opposite to the main plane side, and the metal layer and the sacrificial layer. A first stacked structure including a pair of dielectric layers; In addition, this Low-E film may include two or more metal layers, thereby enabling a design to further reduce the U value (thermal conductivity) of the solar cell module. In this case, the Low-E film has, for example, a structure in which a dielectric layer / metal layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer / metal layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer are stacked in this order from the main plane side of the glass plate. Yes. That is, the Low-E film may have a first laminated structure of two or more metals. In this case, the dielectric layer sandwiched between the sacrificial layer and the metal layer is composed of two first laminated structures. Can be shared.

Each layer of the dielectric layer, the metal layer, and the sacrificial layer may be a single layer made of one material or a laminate of two or more layers made of different materials.

The pair of dielectric layers sandwiching the metal layer and the sacrificial layer in the first laminated structure may be made of the same material or different materials.

A Low-E film including a metal layer is generally composed of 2n + 1 or more layers since the number of dielectric layers sandwiching the metal layer is n + 1 or more when the number of the metal layers is n. ing.

The metal layer is, for example, an Ag layer. The Ag layer may be a layer mainly composed of Ag and made of Ag. In the present specification, the “main component” means a component having the largest content in the layer, and the content is usually 50% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight. % Or more is more preferable. A material obtained by doping Ag with a metal such as palladium, gold, indium, zinc, tin, aluminum, and copper may be used for the metal layer instead of Ag.

When the Low-E film includes a metal layer, the total thickness of the metal layers in the Low-E film is, for example, 18 to 34 nm, and preferably 22 to 29 nm.

The sacrificial layer is, for example, a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from titanium, zinc, nickel, chromium, zinc / aluminum alloy, niobium, stainless steel, alloys thereof, and oxides thereof. A layer mainly composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and zinc oxide is preferable. The thickness of the sacrificial layer is, for example, 0.1 to 5 nm, and preferably 0.5 to 3 nm.

The dielectric layer is, for example, a layer mainly composed of oxide or nitride, and more specific examples of such a dielectric layer include silicon, aluminum, zinc, tin, titanium, indium, and niobium. It is a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from oxides and nitrides. The thickness of the dielectric layer is, for example, 8 to 120 nm, and preferably 15 to 85 nm.

The formation method of the metal layer, the sacrificial layer, and the dielectric layer is not limited, and a known thin film formation method can be used. For example, these layers can be formed by a sputtering method. That is, the Low-E film including the metal layer can be formed by, for example, a sputtering method. The dielectric layer made of oxide or nitride can be formed by reactive sputtering, which is a kind of sputtering method, for example. The sacrificial layer is a layer necessary for forming a dielectric layer on the metal layer by reactive sputtering (a layer that prevents oxidation of the metal layer by oxidizing itself during reactive sputtering). Are well known to those skilled in the art.

Another example of the Low-E film is a laminated film including a transparent conductive oxide layer. This film has, for example, a second laminated structure in which a base layer / transparent conductive oxide layer is laminated in order from the main plane side of the glass plate. In other words, the Low-E film has a second laminated structure including a transparent conductive oxide layer and a base layer that sandwiches the transparent conductive oxide layer. This Low-E film may include two or more transparent conductive oxide layers.

Each layer of the base layer and the transparent conductive oxide layer may be a single layer composed of one material or a laminate of two or more layers composed of different materials.

The underlayer is, for example, a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from silicon, aluminum, zinc and tin oxides, and is mainly composed of at least one selected from silicon, aluminum and zinc oxides. It can be a layer. The underlayer suppresses alkali metal ions such as sodium ions contained in the glass plate from moving to the transparent conductive oxide layer, thereby suppressing a decrease in the function of the oxide layer. The thickness of the underlayer is, for example, 25 to 90 nm, preferably 35 to 70 nm. The underlayer may be composed of two or more layers having different refractive indexes. In this case, the reflected color of the Low-E film can be made closer to a neutral color by adjusting the thickness of each layer. It is. In the underlayer composed of two or more layers, for example, two layers, in order from the main plane side of the glass plate, a first underlayer mainly composed of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and silicon oxide or aluminum oxide It is preferable to use the second underlayer as a main component.

The transparent conductive oxide layer is mainly composed of at least one selected from, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc aluminum oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO: Sb), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ : F). It is a layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is, for example, 100 to 350 nm, and preferably 120 to 260 nm.

In a specific example of the second laminated structure, the transparent conductive oxide layer includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer having a thickness of 120 nm or more. In this example, the emissivity ε of the second Low-E film is, for example, 0.34 or less.

The formation method of a base layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer is not limited, A well-known thin film formation method can be utilized. For example, these layers can be formed by a CVD method. That is, the Low-E film including the transparent conductive oxide layer can be formed by, for example, a CVD method. Formation of a thin film by a CVD method can be performed “on-line” in a glass plate manufacturing process, more specifically, in a glass plate manufacturing process by a float method.

<2-1-5. Visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance>
The visible light transmittance of the solar cell module 1 can be 0.5 to 50%, preferably 0.3 to 30%, and more preferably 1 to 10%. This visible light transmittance is related to the aperture ratio of the solar cell module 1. Since the solar battery cell 14 has a large light absorption of visible light and exhibits a dark color such as black, the solar battery module 1 does not transmit visible light through the place where the solar battery cell 14 is disposed. Therefore, visible light passes through the region where the solar cells 14 are not arranged and enters the room. Here, the area of the area where the solar cells 14 are not disposed, which occupies the area of the main surface of the first glass plate 11 of the solar battery module 1, becomes the aperture ratio, which affects the visible light transmittance of the entire solar battery module. give.

Further, it is generally known that the visible light transmittance has a certain degree of correlation with the solar heat acquisition rate described later, and that the solar heat acquisition rate tends to be low when the visible light transmittance is low. However, in the solar cell panel of the present invention, when the visible light transmittance of the solar cell module is low rather than the visible light transmittance of the glass body, there is an effect that the energy load of air conditioning can be reduced. The reflectance of visible light from the outdoor side of the solar cell module 1 is preferably 3 to 10%. On the other hand, the reflectance of visible light from the indoor side of the solar cell module 1 is preferably 5 to 20%. The measuring method of visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance can be based on JIS R3106: 1998.

<2-1-6. Solar radiation transmittance and solar reflectance>
The solar transmittance of the solar cell module 1 can be 0.5 to 50%, preferably 0.5 to 30%, and more preferably 1 to 10%. Further, the reflectance of solar radiation from the outdoor side of the solar cell module 1 is preferably 5 to 20%. On the other hand, the reflectance of solar radiation from the indoor side of the solar cell module 1 is preferably 5 to 40%. The measurement method of solar transmittance and solar reflectance can also be based on JIS R3106: 1998.

<2-2. Second Solar Cell Module>
As shown in FIG. 3, the second solar cell module 2 includes a glass plate 21 and solar cells 24 arranged on the glass plate. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<2-2-1. Glass plate>
The glass plate 21 can be the same as the glass plate described above, and among them, clear glass and high transmittance glass are preferable. It is because the electric power generation amount in a photovoltaic cell increases by using those preferable glass.

<2-2-2. Solar cell>
As shown in FIG. 3, the solar battery cell 24 converts light energy into electrical energy. The solar battery cell 24 is not particularly limited, but for example, a silicon system (crystal system, thin film system), a compound system (CIGS, GaAS, CdTe, etc.), an organic system (dye sensitization, an organic thin film, a perovskite, etc.), etc. Can be adopted. Among them, in the second solar cell module, it is preferable to use a thin film type solar cell, for example, an amorphous silicon type, a microcrystalline silicon type, an amorphous silicon germanium type, a microcrystalline silicon germanium type, or a compound type solar cell.

These thin-film solar cells 24 include a p-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer (i layer), if necessary, a photoelectric conversion layer 244 composed of an n-type semiconductor layer, a transparent electrode layer 243 on the light incident side, It can have a structure of being laminated between the back electrode layer 245. For example, in the amorphous silicon solar cell 24, the base layers 241 and 242 are formed on the glass plate 21, and the transparent conductive oxide layer 243 is formed thereon. Further, the photoelectric conversion layer 244 described above, that is, the p layer, i layer, and n layer is formed by plasma CVD, and the back electrode layer 245 is selected from Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Pt, and Cr. At least one metal layer can be formed by sputtering or vapor deposition. Then, a part of the formed solar battery cell 24 is removed with a laser or the like, and the glass plate is exposed from the removed portion 29. The solar cells are connected in series or in parallel by conducting wires (not shown). In addition, the shape of each photovoltaic cell 24 is not specifically limited, It can form in various shapes, such as a rectangular shape and strip shape. The

underlayers

241 and 242 can be the same as the above-described underlayer of the Low-E film.

<2-2-3. Optical properties>
Visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance, solar transmittance, and solar reflectance are the same as those of the first solar cell module 1.

<3. Glass body>
The glass body 3 can be formed of a single glass plate, laminated glass, or multilayer glass. Further, a low emission film (Low-E film) can be formed on the glass plate constituting the glass body 3 as necessary.
<3-1. Glass plate>
The glass plate contained in the glass body 3 is not particularly limited, and as described above, the same glass plate used for the solar cell module can be used.

<3-2. Laminated glass>
The glass body 3 can be formed by the laminated glass using these glass plates besides the said glass plate. As shown in FIG. 4, the laminated glass 1 has a resin intermediate film 33 disposed between two

glass plates

31 and 32.

The intermediate film 33 can be formed of one layer or a plurality of layers. The material of the single-layer (single layer) intermediate film 13 is a thermoplastic resin, and from the viewpoint of the degree of adhesion to a glass plate when a laminated glass is used, a polyvinyl acetal-based or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thermoplastic resin Can be suitably used. Of these, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) thermoplastic resins are preferred. The intermediate film 13 is obtained by, for example, kneading and molding a thermoplastic resin composition composed of the thermoplastic resin and a known plasticizer. In addition, the intermediate film 13 can also use the commercially available thermoplastic resin film as it is.

When the intermediate film 33 is formed of a plurality of layers, for example, the intermediate film can be formed by sandwiching a soft core layer between a pair of hard outer layers. Although the material which comprises each layer is not specifically limited, For example, it can form with a material in which a core layer becomes soft. For example, the outer layer can be made of polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). Polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it is excellent in adhesiveness and penetration resistance with each glass plate. On the other hand, the core layer can be composed of an ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or a polyvinyl acetal resin softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin constituting the outer layer. By sandwiching the soft core layer between them, the sound insulation performance can be greatly improved while maintaining the same adhesion and penetration resistance as the single-layer resin intermediate film 33.

The total thickness of the intermediate film 33 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred. On the other hand, the thickness of the core layer is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. This is because if the thickness is smaller than 0.1 mm, the influence of the soft core layer is hardly exerted, and if the thickness is larger than 2.0 mm or 0.6 mm, the total thickness increases and the cost is increased. On the other hand, the thickness of the outer layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. In addition, the total thickness of the intermediate film 33 can be made constant, and the thickness of the core layer can be adjusted therein.

The method for producing the intermediate film 33 is not particularly limited. For example, the resin component such as the polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer, and other additives as necessary are blended and uniformly kneaded, and then each layer is collectively And a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a pressing method, a laminating method or the like. The resin film before lamination used in a method of laminating by a press method, a laminating method or the like may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.

The visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance, solar light transmittance, and solar light reflectance of the glass body 3 may not be the same as those of the solar cell module 1, and for example, higher transmittance can be achieved.

<3-3. Low-E membrane>
The Low-E film as described above can be laminated on any surface of the glass body 3. When the glass body 3 is a single glass plate, it can be formed on either the outdoor side (the first gap layer 5 side) or the indoor side. This point is the same for laminated glass, and can be formed on either the outdoor side or the indoor side (first void layer side) of the laminated glass. Therefore, in the case of a single glass plate or laminated glass, the surface on which the Low-E film is formed can be selected from the two surfaces.

<4. First void layer>
The first gap layer 5 is formed between the solar cell module 10 and the glass body 3 by arranging the spacer 4 between the solar cell module 10 and the glass body 3. The spacer 4 can use a well-known thing, and can arrange | position to the periphery of both 10 and 2. FIG. As a preferable spacer, for example, a spacer in which a desiccant is held in a space inside the spacer can be used. Thereby, the dry state of the gas of the 1st space | gap layer 3 can be maintained over a long period of time. Further, a sealing material (not shown) can be disposed further outside the spacer 4 to make the first gap layer 5 airtight. The first gap layer 5 can be, for example, 4 to 16 mm, and more preferably 6 to 16 mm. In addition to dry air, the first gap layer 5 can be filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton.

<5. Physical properties of solar panel>
Thermal transmittance of the solar cell panel (U value) is preferably 1.5 ~ 2.9W / m ² K, still more preferably 1.6 ~ 2.8W / m ² K. When the heat transmissibility is low, the heat insulation performance is high. However, if the heat transmissibility is lower than 1.5, heat is likely to accumulate in the room during cooling, which tends to increase energy consumption, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the heat transmissibility is greater than 2.9, heat is likely to be radiated, and the energy consumption during heating tends to increase, which is not preferable. The heat flow rate can be measured, for example, according to JIS R3107: 1998.

The solar heat gain rate of the solar cell panel is preferably 0.1 to 0.5, more preferably 0.3 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less. Thus, when the solar heat acquisition rate is low, the load of air conditioning can be reduced. If the solar heat gain rate is greater than 0.5, the cooling load due to solar radiation incident in the summer will be very large. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.1, the visible light transmittance of the solar cell panel will also be very small. It is difficult to see the outdoor scenery from, and the function as a window is inferior. The solar heat gain rate can be measured, for example, according to JIR R3106: 1998.

Further, the visible light transmittance of the solar cell panel can be 0.5 to 50%, preferably 0.5 to 30%, and more preferably 1 to 10%. The reflectance of visible light from the outdoor side is preferably 3 to 10%. On the other hand, the reflectance of visible light from the indoor side is preferably 5 to 12%.

<6. Modification>
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various change is possible unless it deviates from the meaning.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

<1. Preparation of Examples and Comparative Examples>
As described below, solar cell panels according to Examples 1 to 11 and single plate glass or multilayer glass panels according to Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were prepared. In the following evaluation, as a comparative example, a single glass plate or a multi-layer glass panel is used instead of a solar battery panel, but the energy load can be evaluated even if no solar battery cell is provided. For simplicity, such a comparative example is used.

(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, float glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) made of a single plate having a thickness of 8 mm was used. It is the same as that used for windows and walls of old buildings.

(Comparative Example 2)
As Comparative Example 2, a multilayer glass panel having a first glass body and a second glass body was prepared. A first gap layer having a thickness of 12 mm was formed between both glass bodies by a spacer. The air gap layer is filled with dry air. The first glass body is formed of online coating Low-E glass (made by Nippon Sheet Glass, Energy-Advantage) having a thickness of 6 mm. That is, the first glass body has a single glass plate and a Low-E film laminated on the surface of the glass plate on the first gap layer side. The second glass body was formed of one transparent float glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm.

(Comparative Example 3)
As Comparative Example 3, a multilayer glass panel having a first glass body and a second glass body was prepared. A first gap layer having a thickness of 12 mm was formed between both glass bodies by a spacer. The first gap layer is filled with dry air. The first glass body is formed of sputter-coated Low-E glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm. The first glass body includes a dielectric layer, a layer containing silver as a main component, a dielectric layer, a layer containing silver as a main component, and a dielectric layer on the surface of the glass plate on the first gap layer side. In this order, a thin film (Low-E film) is formed by sputtering. Each of the two layers mainly composed of silver has a thickness of about 10 nm. The second glass body is formed of a single transparent float glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm.

(Comparative Example 4)
As Comparative Example 4, a multilayer glass panel having a first glass body and a second glass body was prepared. A first gap layer having a thickness of 12 mm was formed between both glass bodies by a spacer. The first gap layer is filled with argon gas. The first glass body is formed of online coating Low-E glass (made by Nippon Sheet Glass, Energy-Advantage) having a thickness of 3 mm. That is, the first glass body has a single glass plate and a Low-E film laminated on the surface of the glass plate on the first gap layer side.

As the second glass body, a reduced pressure heat insulating double-layer glass with a Low-E film was used. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the reduced pressure heat insulating multilayer glass has a normal transparent float glass plate 31, a sputter-coated Low-E glass 32, and a spacer 38 having a thickness of 0.2 mm disposed therebetween. The surface on which the Low-E coating was applied was disposed on the spacer 38 side. All the peripheral edges of these two

glass plates

31 and 32 are sealed with a sealing agent 35, and a vacuum-evacuated second gap layer 36 is formed between both

glass plates

31 and 32. . The sputter-coated Low-E glass 32 is a thin film (Low-E film) comprising a transparent float plate glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm, a dielectric layer, a layer mainly composed of silver, and a dielectric layer in this order. ) By a sputtering method. The layer mainly composed of silver has a thickness of about 10 nm. Further, the second glass body 3 was arranged so that the sputter-coated Low-E glass 32 was on the side opposite to the first glass body.

(Comparative Example 5)
As Comparative Example 5, a multilayer glass panel having a first glass body and a second glass body was prepared. A first gap layer having a thickness of 0.2 mm was formed between both glass bodies by a spacer. The first glass body is formed of online coating Low-E glass (made by Nippon Sheet Glass, Energy-Advantage) having a thickness of 3 mm. That is, the first glass body has a single glass plate and a Low-E film laminated on the surface of the glass plate on the first gap layer side. The second glass body is formed of one transparent float glass (made by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 3 mm.

The entire periphery of these two glass bodies is sealed with a known sealing material, and the first gap layer is evacuated. The Low-E film of the first glass body is disposed so as to face the first gap layer side.

(Comparative Example 6)
As Comparative Example 6, a multilayer glass panel having a first glass body and a second glass body was prepared. This multi-layer glass panel is a reduced pressure heat insulating multi-layer glass as shown in FIG. 5, and includes a normal transparent float plate glass 31, a sputter-coated low-E glass 32, and a spacer having a thickness of 0.2 mm disposed therebetween. 38, and the surface on which the Low-E coating was applied was arranged on the spacer 38 side. All the peripheral edges of these two

glass plates

31 and 32. .

(Comparative Example 7)
Comparative Example 7 is formed of 8 mm thick online coating Low-E glass (Nippon Sheet Glass, Energy-Advantage). That is, Comparative Example 7 has a single glass plate and a Low-E film laminated on the indoor side surface of the glass plate.

Example 1
Example 1 is a solar cell panel for building materials having the second solar cell module and a glass body, and a first gap layer having a thickness of 12 mm filled with dry air is formed between the two.

The second solar cell module was produced as follows. First, a photoelectric conversion layer made of amorphous silicon by a plasma CVD method and a back electrode layer made of Ag by a sputtering method were formed on the entire surface of a float plate glass on which a transparent electrode layer was produced by an online coating method, thereby forming a solar battery cell. And about 1% of the area which a photovoltaic cell occupies on a glass plate, a photovoltaic cell is removed and the glass surface of float plate glass is exposed. On the other hand, a normal transparent float plate glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm was used as the glass body.

(Example 2)
Example 2 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 1. The difference is the removal area of the solar battery cells. In Example 2, 5% of the solar battery cells were removed.

(Example 3)
Example 3 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 1. The difference is the removal area of the solar battery cells. In Example 3, 10% of the solar battery cells were removed.

Example 4
Example 4 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 1. The difference is the removal area of the solar battery cells. In Example 2, 30% of the solar battery cells were removed.

(Example 5)
Example 5 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 1. The difference is the removal area of the solar battery cells. In Example 5, 50% of the solar battery cells were removed.

(Example 6)
Example 6 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 1. The difference is that the sputter-coated Low-E glass used in Comparative Example 3 was used as the glass body. The glass body Low-E film was disposed so as to face the first void layer.

(Example 7)
Example 7 is a solar cell panel for building materials having the above first solar cell module and a glass body, and a first gap layer having a thickness of 12 mm filled with dry air is formed between them.

The first solar cell module was manufactured as follows. First, two sheets of transparent float glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 3 mm were prepared, and an interlayer film composed of two layers for laminated glass was disposed therebetween. Two single crystal silicon solar cells were disposed between the two layers of the intermediate film. At this time, the ratio of the area occupied by the solar battery cell in the main surface of the float glass was 95%. That is, the aperture ratio was set to 5%. On the other hand, a normal transparent float plate glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass) having a thickness of 6 mm was used as the glass body.

(Example 8)
Example 8 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 7. The difference is the aperture ratio of the solar cell module. In Example 8, the solar cells were arranged so that the aperture ratio was 10%.

Example 9
Example 9 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 7. The difference is the aperture ratio of the solar cell module. In Example 9, the solar cells were arranged so that the aperture ratio was 30%.

(Example 10)
Example 10 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 7. The difference is the aperture ratio of the solar cell module. In Example 10, the solar cells were arranged so that the aperture ratio was 50%.
(Example 11)
Example 11 is a solar cell panel similar to Example 7. The difference is that the sputter-coated Low-E glass used in Comparative Example 2 was used as the glass body. The glass body Low-E film was disposed so as to face the first void layer.

The optical characteristics of the solar cell modules, glass plates, or multilayer glass panels of Comparative Examples and Examples prepared as described above are as follows. However, since Comparative Examples 1 and 7 are formed of a single glass plate, their physical properties are shown.

Moreover, the optical characteristic etc. of the glass plate of a comparative example and an Example, a multilayer glass panel, or a solar cell panel are as follows.

In addition, although the said Table 1 and Table 2 have shown the outdoor side reflectance and the indoor side reflectance, as shown in FIG. 1, this shows that the 1st glass body is the outdoor side, and the 2nd glass body is the outdoor side. It is shown that the incident light was incident from the outdoor side and the indoor side. Moreover, the evaluation of the Example and comparative example which are demonstrated next similarly uses the solar cell panel which made the 1st glass body the outdoor side, and the 2nd glass body the indoor side like FIG. 1, and a multilayer glass panel. Evaluation was performed.

<2. Evaluation of Examples and Comparative Examples>
Next, the examples and comparative examples prepared as described above were evaluated. In the following, the primary energy consumption in one floor of the building using Comparative Example 1 was assumed to be 100%, and the primary energy consumption for Comparative Examples 2 to 7 and Examples 1 to 11 was calculated by simulation as the energy load. Calculation of primary energy consumption and energy load is as follows.

(Building settings)
The room on the 3rd floor of a 5-story building with the main orientation south, width 40m, depth 20m, and height 3.7m was targeted. The area ratio of the windows to the wall on the third floor was 90%.

(area)
Targeted Okayama Prefecture. In other words, average weather data for Okayama Prefecture for one year was used.

(Air conditioning setting)
・ Heating: set temperature 22 ℃, humidity result ・ cooling: set temperature 26 ℃, humidity 50%

(Internal heat generation)
・ Room enrollment: 0.1 people / m ²
・ Lighting heat: 20W / m ²
-Equipment heat generation: None-Intake air volume: 4m ³ / m ² h

(Method of calculation)
The primary energy consumption was calculated using HASPEX as software. The primary energy consumption was calculated based on the cooling / heating load of the perimeter zone of the room (frame area 5 m from the wall surface: 500 m ² ). Moreover, energy load is a ratio when the comparative example 1 is set to 100%.
・ Primary energy consumption = Σ (various energy consumption x primary energy intensity)
・ Various energy consumption = Air conditioning load / Equipment efficiency / Heat generation unit ・ Equipment efficiency: Heating 2.7, Air conditioning 3.7
・ Fever unit: 3.6MJ / kWh
・ Temporary energy intensity: 9.76 MJ / kWh

The results are as follows. Moreover, FIG. 6 is a bubble chart which shows the relationship between the heat flow rate and solar heat acquisition rate which concern on an Example and a comparative example. Among them, a marker with a numerical value of 100 represents Comparative Example 1. In addition, Examples 1 to 11 show markers whose outer edges are colored. The numerical value in the marker indicates the energy load.

As shown in Tables 1 to 3 and FIG. 6, the examples all show higher energy loads than the comparative examples. In particular, in Examples 1, 2, 6, and 11, the energy load is 50% or less of Comparative Example 1. When the heat transmissibility is too low as in Comparative Examples 4 and 6, heat is accumulated in the room, and the primary energy consumption during cooling is large. Therefore, it is preferable that the heat transmissivity is not too low. On the other hand, it is preferable that the solar heat acquisition rate is low. In Comparative Example 3, although the heat transmissibility and the solar heat gain are both low, it is considered that the primary energy consumption is high due to the high visible light transmittance of the first glass body.

From these facts, it was found that the energy load can be lowered when the visible light transmittance of the solar cell module is low and both the heat flow rate and the solar heat gain rate are low in a well-balanced manner. Furthermore, in the above, the electric power which a solar cell module produces is not considered. It has been found that the solar cell panel according to the present invention can further reduce the primary energy consumption since the electric power from the solar cell is also effective in reducing the primary energy consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st solar cell module 2 2nd solar cell module 3 Glass body 4 Spacer 5 1st void layer

Claims

A solar cell module having at least one glass plate and solar cells;
A glass body having at least one glass plate;
A spacer that is disposed between the solar cell module and the glass body and forms a void layer therebetween;
With
The visible light transmittance of the solar cell module is 0.5 to 50%,
The heat transmissivity is 1.5 to 2.9 W / m 2 K;
A solar cell panel, wherein a solar heat gain rate measured by making incident light incident from the solar cell module side is 0.1 to 0.5.
The solar cell panel according to claim 1, wherein the visible light transmittance is 0.5 to 50%.
The visible light reflectance measured by making incident light incident from the solar cell module side is 3 to 10%,
The solar cell panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the visible light reflectance measured by making incident light incident from the glass body side is 5 to 12%.
The solar cell panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solar cell module includes a first Low-E film formed on a surface on the gap layer side.
The solar cell panel according to claim 4, wherein the first Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide layer.
The solar cell panel according to claim 4, wherein the first Low-E film includes a silver layer containing silver as a main component.
The solar cell panel according to claim 4, wherein the first Low-E film is formed by laminating two silver layers mainly composed of silver.
The solar cell panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the glass body includes a second Low-E film formed on a surface on the gap layer side.
The solar cell panel according to claim 8, wherein the second Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide layer.
The solar cell panel according to claim 8, wherein the second Low-E film includes a silver layer mainly composed of silver.
The solar cell panel according to claim 8, wherein the second Low-E film includes two silver layers mainly composed of silver.
The solar cell module is
A first glass plate;
A second glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
The solar battery cell disposed so as to be in contact with the intermediate film;
The solar cell panel according to claim 1, comprising:
The solar cell module includes one glass plate and the solar cell supported by the glass plate,
The solar cell panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the solar cells are arranged so as to face the gap layer side.
The solar cell panel according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the glass body is constituted by one glass plate.
The glass body is made of laminated glass,
The laminated glass is
A first glass plate;
A second glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
The solar cell panel according to claim 1, comprising: