WO2019169918A1 - 一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用 - Google Patents

一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2019169918A1
WO2019169918A1 PCT/CN2018/119683 CN2018119683W WO2019169918A1 WO 2019169918 A1 WO2019169918 A1 WO 2019169918A1 CN 2018119683 W CN2018119683 W CN 2018119683W WO 2019169918 A1 WO2019169918 A1 WO 2019169918A1
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sodium
dust
alginate
dust suppressant
water
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PCT/CN2018/119683
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈宁娟
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北京睿鸿星科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019169918A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019169918A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/22Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G69/00Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
    • B65G69/18Preventing escape of dust
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G69/00Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
    • B65G69/20Auxiliary treatments, e.g. aerating, heating, humidifying, deaerating, cooling, de-watering or drying, during loading or unloading; Loading or unloading in a fluid medium other than air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/08Copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/14Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04Polyurethanes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/02Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
    • E21F5/06Fluids used for spraying

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of environmental protection of dust prevention, and particularly relates to a dust suppressant, a preparation method thereof and application in coal transportation.
  • the dust suppressant can quickly capture and firmly adsorb the particulate dust. After drying, it can solidify into a film on the surface of the dust, which plays a role of dust suppression and dust prevention. It can be widely used in coal and mineral powder transportation, mineral earth storage and unloading field. , building demolition, municipal roads and other places.
  • Dust suppressants are mainly classified into coal dust suppressants, road dust suppressants, mine dust suppressants, etc., which have different performance requirements for dust suppressants, among which, the requirements for coal dust suppressants ( China Railway Industry Standard TB/T 3210.1-2009 Railway Coal Transportation Dust Control Technical Conditions Part 1: Dust inhibitors are: weather erosion rate ⁇ 1%, solidified layer thickness >10mm.
  • the wind erosion rate and the thickness of the solidified layer are two important indicators to measure the dust suppression performance: the smaller the wind erosion rate and the larger the thickness of the solidified layer, the less the coal sprayed with the dust suppressant is blown by the wind. Dust can significantly reduce the loss of coal during transportation, reduce economic losses, and effectively avoid air pollution caused by coal dust. At the same time, it also needs to meet other regulations and requirements for toxicological indicators, corrosivity and other aspects. However, the existing coal dust suppressant can only meet the requirements of one of the dust suppression performance, toxicological index, corrosiveness, etc., and the comprehensive performance is poor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel dust suppressant excellent in comprehensive performance such as dust suppression performance, toxicological index and corrosiveness.
  • the dust suppressant described above comprises the following mass percent components:
  • the dust suppressant described above comprises the following mass percent components:
  • the weight ratio of the polymer emulsion to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1 to 15.
  • the weight ratio of the polymer emulsion to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1.6 to 12.
  • the polymer emulsion is an aqueous polyurethane dispersion or a styrene-acrylic emulsion.
  • the alginate is selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, potassium alginate, calcium alginate, ammonium alginate or a combination of at least two.
  • the water-soluble cellulose is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the emulsifier is selected from an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant.
  • the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and pentadecyl sulfonic acid.
  • the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tridecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetradecyltrimethyl bromide.
  • the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tridecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetradecyltrimethyl bromide.
  • the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid and salts thereof, benzoic acid and salts thereof, dehydroacetic acid and salts thereof, parabens or sodium diacetate.
  • the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid and salts thereof, benzoic acid and salts thereof, dehydroacetic acid and salts thereof, parabens or sodium diacetate.
  • the polymer emulsion has a solid content of 35 to 65 wt% and a viscosity of 20 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the polymer emulsion has a solid content of 40 to 55 wt% and a viscosity of 500 to 4500 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol has a number average molecular weight of 6 to 200,000 and an alcoholysis degree of 80 to 99.5%.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol has a number average molecular weight of 8 to 150,000 and an alcoholysis degree of 86 to 89% or 98 to 99%.
  • the alginate has a viscosity of 200 to 1200 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the alginate has a viscosity of 480 to 800 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the dust suppressing agent described above is diluted with water, and the dilution ratio is not more than 10 times by mass.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the dust suppressant described above, comprising the steps of: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol, alginate and water-soluble cellulose in water according to metering, then adding a polymer emulsion, mixing, and finally Add emulsifier, preservative, and mix well.
  • the dust suppressant provided by the invention is mainly used in coal transportation to meet the actual needs of coal transportation.
  • a dust suppressant comprising the following mass percent components:
  • the dust suppressant described above comprises the following mass percent components:
  • the dust suppressant described above comprises the following mass percent components:
  • the weight ratio of the controlled polymer emulsion to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1 to 15; Preferably, the weight ratio of the controlled polymer emulsion to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1.6 to 12.
  • the polymer emulsion is an aqueous polyurethane dispersion or a styrene-acrylic emulsion.
  • the alginate is selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, potassium alginate, calcium alginate, ammonium alginate or a combination of at least two.
  • the water-soluble cellulose is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the emulsifier is selected from an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant.
  • the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and pentadecyl sulfonic acid.
  • the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tridecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetradecyltrimethyl bromide.
  • the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tridecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetradecyltrimethyl bromide.
  • the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid and salts thereof, benzoic acid and salts thereof, dehydroacetic acid and salts thereof, parabens or sodium diacetate.
  • the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid and salts thereof, benzoic acid and salts thereof, dehydroacetic acid and salts thereof, parabens or sodium diacetate.
  • the polymer emulsion has a solid content of 35 to 65 wt% and a viscosity of 20 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the polymer emulsion has a solid content of 40 to 55 wt% and a viscosity of 500 to 4500 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol has a number average molecular weight of 6 to 200,000 and an alcoholysis degree of 80 to 99.5%.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol has a number average molecular weight of 8 to 150,000 and an alcoholysis degree of 86 to 89% or 98 to 99%.
  • the alginate has a viscosity of 200 to 1200 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the alginate has a viscosity of 480 to 800 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the dust suppressant described above, comprising the steps of: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol, alginate and water-soluble cellulose in water according to metering, then adding a polymer emulsion, mixing, and finally Add emulsifier, preservative, and mix well.
  • the solubility of polyvinyl alcohol in water is related to its alcoholysis: when the degree of alcoholysis is 86% to 89%, the water solubility is the best, and it can be dissolved quickly in cold water and hot water; the degree of alcoholysis is 90%. In the above, in order to completely dissolve, it is generally required to be heated to 60 to 70 ° C; when the degree of alcoholysis is 99% or more, it is only soluble in hot water of 95 ° C or higher.
  • the invention provides a dust suppressant mainly used in coal transportation by adopting specific components and ratios, which can meet the dust suppression effect and toxicological index of "China Railway Industry Standard TB/T 3210.1-2009". Corrosive regulations and requirements. At the same time, after the dust suppressant of the present invention is diluted with an appropriate amount of water (not more than 10 times), the regulations and requirements of the industry standard can still be satisfied, and therefore the dust suppressant of the present invention is more convenient for production, transportation and use.
  • the sources and information of the raw materials in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are as follows:
  • POD Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion
  • Styrene-acrylic emulsion purchased from Nantong Shengda Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content (non-volatile content) 46 ⁇ 50wt%, viscosity (25 ° C) 500 ⁇ 1500mPa ⁇ s.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) The products of different grades are as follows:
  • PVA1788 number average molecular weight (Mn) 8.4 to 89,000, and alcoholysis degree 86 to 89% (molar fraction);
  • PVA2488 number average molecular weight (Mn) 11.8 to 124,000, degree of alcoholysis 86 to 89% (molar fraction);
  • PVA1799 the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 8.4 to 89,000, and the degree of alcoholysis is 98 to 99% (molar fraction).
  • Sodium alginate purchased from Qingdao Mingyue Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., viscosity (25 ° C) 500 ⁇ 550 mPa ⁇ s, 250 ⁇ 400 mPa ⁇ s.
  • Potassium alginate purchased from Qingdao Mingyue Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., viscosity (25 ° C) 500 ⁇ 700 mPa ⁇ s.
  • Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide purchased from Xiamen Xianduan Technology Co., Ltd.
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • sodium alginate 500 ⁇ 550mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
  • emulsifier tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • sodium alginate 500 ⁇ 550mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
  • emulsifier cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • polyvinyl alcohol PVA2488
  • potassium alginate 500-700 mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxymethyl cellulose
  • emulsifier dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • preservative sodium benzoate
  • PVA1799 polyvinyl alcohol
  • sodium alginate 500 ⁇ 550mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxymethyl cellulose
  • emulsifier dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • polyvinyl alcohol PVA2488
  • sodium alginate 250-400 mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose
  • emulsifier sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • sodium alginate 500 ⁇ 550mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
  • emulsifier cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • emulsifier Sodium dodecyl sulfonate
  • preservative sodium benzoate
  • the comparative dust suppressant comprises the following components by weight:
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • sodium alginate 500 ⁇ 550mPa ⁇ s
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
  • emulsifier dodecyl sulfonate
  • preservative potassium sorbate
  • the comparative dust suppressant comprises the following components by weight:
  • PVA1788 polyvinyl alcohol
  • water-soluble cellulose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • emulsifier dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • preservative sorbent pear Potassium acid
  • the comparative dust suppressant comprises the following components by weight:
  • the dust suppressant provided by the invention can meet the dust suppression effect of the Chinese railway industry standard TB/T 3210.1-2009 by adopting specific components and ratios (wind erosion rate ⁇ 1%, solidified layer thickness >10 mm), toxicological index (Total mercury ⁇ 0.05mg/L, total cadmium ⁇ 0.1mg/L, total lead ⁇ 1.0mg/L, total chromium ⁇ 1.5mg/L, total arsenic ⁇ 0.5mg/L, formaldehyde ⁇ 5mg/L), corrosive (The average corrosion rate of steel is ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 -5 m/a, the average corrosion rate of aluminum alloy is ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -5 m/a, the average corrosion rate of TCS stainless steel is ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -7 m/a, and the rubber tube of the vehicle is uniformly corroded.
  • toxicological index Total mercury ⁇ 0.05mg/L, total cadmium ⁇ 0.1mg/L, total lead ⁇ 1.0mg/L, total chromium
  • the preferred components and ratios can still meet industry standards and requirements when diluted 10 times; it is very suitable for popularization and application, reducing coal during transportation. The amount of loss, reduce economic losses, and can effectively avoid air pollution caused by coal dust, and effectively improve air quality.
  • the invention provides a dust suppressant mainly used in coal transportation by adopting specific components and ratios, and can meet the dust suppression effect and toxicological index of the Chinese railway industry standard TB/T 3210.1-2009. Corrosive regulations and requirements not only reduce the loss of coal during transportation, reduce economic losses, but also effectively avoid air pollution caused by coal dust and effectively improve air quality, which is very suitable for popularization and application.

Abstract

一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用,属于扬尘防治的环保领域。抑尘剂包括以下质量百分含量的组分:高分子乳液0.1-15%,聚乙烯醇0.1-5%,海藻酸盐0-2%,水溶性纤维素0.05-2%,乳化剂0.01-1%,防腐剂0.01-1%,余量为水。该抑尘剂采用特定的组分以及配比,能够满足中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009对抑尘效果、毒理指标、腐蚀性以及其他性能指标的规定和要求,综合性能优异。

Description

一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用
本申请要求2018年3月9日提交到中国专利局的申请号为CN  201810194681.8、发明名称为“一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于扬尘防治的环保领域,具体涉及一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用。
背景技术
抑尘剂能够迅速捕捉并将微粒粉尘牢牢吸附,干燥后能在粉尘表面固化成膜,起到抑尘、防尘的作用,可以广泛地用于煤炭及矿粉运输、矿物土方储存卸载场、建筑物拆除、市政道路等场所。
根据应用场所的不同,抑尘剂主要分为煤炭抑尘剂、道路抑尘剂、矿山抑尘剂等,它们对抑尘剂的性能要求各有不同,其中,对于煤炭抑尘剂的要求(中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009铁路煤炭运输抑尘技术条件第1部分:抑尘剂)是:风蚀率<1%、固化层厚度>10mm。
对于煤炭抑尘剂而言,风蚀率和固化层厚度是衡量其抑尘性能的两项重要指标:风蚀率越小、固化层厚度值越大,表明喷洒抑尘剂的煤炭越不易被风吹起粉尘,可以显著降低运输过程中煤炭的损耗量,减少经济损失,并能够有效避免煤炭粉尘引起的大气污染,同时,还需要满足对毒理指标、腐蚀性等其他方面的规定和要求。然而,现有的煤炭抑尘剂,往往只能满足抑尘性能、毒理指标、腐蚀性等其中一方面的要求,综合性能较差。
因此,为了解决上述问题,急需开发一款综合性能优良的抑尘剂新产品,以满足煤炭运输的实际需要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种抑尘性能、毒理指标和腐蚀性等综合性能优良的新型抑尘剂。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是提供了一种抑尘剂,其包括以下质量 百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000001
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000002
更优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000003
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇的重量配比为1:0.1~15。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇的重量配比为1:1.6~12。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯分散体或苯丙乳液。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐选自海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸钙、海藻酸铵中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述水溶性纤维素选自羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤 维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧乙基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述乳化剂选自阴离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述阴离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基磺酸钠、十三烷基磺酸钠、十四烷基磺酸钠、十五烷基磺酸钠、十六烷基磺酸钠、十七烷基磺酸钠、十八烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、十五烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基苯磺酸钠、十七烷基苯磺酸钠、十八烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述阳离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十三烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十五烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述防腐剂选自山梨酸及其盐类、苯甲酸及其盐类、脱氢乙酸及其盐类、对羟基苯甲酸酯类或双乙酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液的固含量为35~65wt%、粘度为20~5000mPa·s。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液的固含量为40~55wt%、粘度为500~4500mPa·s。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为6~20万、醇解度为80~99.5%。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为8~15万、醇解度为86~89%或98~99%。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐的粘度为200~1200mPa·s。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐的粘度为480~800mPa·s。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,将上述所述的抑尘剂加水稀释,按质量计,稀释倍数不超过10倍。
本发明还提供了上述所述的抑尘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按计量,将聚乙烯醇、海藻酸盐和水溶性纤维素溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液,混匀,最后加入乳化剂、防腐剂,混匀,即得。
本发明提供的抑尘剂主要应用于煤炭运输中,以满足煤炭运输的实际需要。
本发明抑尘剂的有益效果是:
(1)抑尘效果优良,风蚀率<1%,固化层厚度>10mm,稀释后仍具有优异的抑尘效果;
(2)汞、镉、铅、铬、砷、甲醛等有毒有害物质含量很低,毒性危害非常小;
(3)对钢材、不锈钢、车辆橡胶管、车辆油漆片的腐蚀性很小,不会对煤炭运输的车辆造成较大危害;
(4)安全、环保、高效,成本低,便于生产、运输和使用,综合性能优良,完全符合中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009的规定和要求。
具体实施方式
具体的,一种抑尘剂,其包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000004
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000005
更优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000007
本发明中,适当降低高分子乳液的用量能提高抑尘剂的抑尘效果,并降低成本;为了使抑尘剂的抑尘效果更好,控制高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇的重量配比为1:0.1~15;优选的,控制高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇的重量配比为1:1.6~12。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯分散体或苯丙乳液。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐选自海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸钙、海藻酸铵中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述水溶性纤维素选自羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧乙基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述乳化剂选自阴离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述阴离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基磺酸钠、十三烷基磺酸钠、十四烷基磺酸钠、十五烷基磺酸钠、十六烷基磺酸钠、十七烷基磺酸钠、十八烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、十五烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基苯磺酸钠、十七烷基苯磺酸钠、十八烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述阳离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十三烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十五烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述防腐剂选自山梨酸及其盐类、苯甲酸及其盐类、脱氢乙酸及其盐类、对羟基苯甲酸酯类或双乙酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液的固含量为35~65wt%、粘度为20~5000mPa·s。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述高分子乳液的固含量为40~55wt%、粘度为500~4500mPa·s。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为6~20万、醇解度为80~99.5%。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为8~15万、醇解度为86~89%或98~99%。
其中,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐的粘度为200~1200mPa·s。
优选的,上述所述的抑尘剂中,所述海藻酸盐的粘度为480~800mPa·s。
本发明还提供了上述所述的抑尘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按计量,将聚乙烯醇、海藻酸盐和水溶性纤维素溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液,混匀,最后加入乳化剂、防腐剂,混匀,即得。
聚乙烯醇在水中的溶解性,与其醇解度有关:醇解度为86%~89%时,水溶性最好,在冷水和热水中都能很快地溶解;醇解度在90%以上时,为了完全溶解,一般需加热到60~70℃;醇解度达到99%以上时,只溶于95℃以上的热水。
本发明通过采用特定的组分以及配比,提供了一种主要应用于煤炭运输中的抑尘剂,其能够满足《中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009》对抑尘效果、毒理指标、腐蚀性的规定和要求。同时,将本发明抑尘剂加适量水稀释(不超过10倍)后,仍然能够满足行业标准的规定和要求,因此本发明抑尘剂更便于生产、运输和使用。
下面通过实施例和对比例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但并不因此将本发明保护范围限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例和对比例中原料的来源和信息如下:
水性聚氨酯分散体(PUD):购买于万华化学集团股份有限公司,不同牌号的产品如下:
1#固含量(不挥发物含量)49~51wt%,粘度(25℃)50~900mPa·s;
2#固含量(不挥发物含量)49~51wt%,粘度(25℃)500~2000mPa·s;
3#固含量(不挥发物含量)49~51wt%,粘度(25℃)20~200mPa·s;
4#固含量(不挥发物含量)44~46wt%,粘度(25℃)500~4000mPa·s。
苯丙乳液:购买于南通生达化工有限公司,固含量(不挥发物含量)46~50wt%,粘度(25℃)500~1500mPa·s。
聚乙烯醇(PVA):不同牌号的产品如下:
PVA1788:数均分子量(Mn)8.4~8.9万,醇解度86~89%(摩尔分数);
PVA2488:数均分子量(Mn)11.8~12.4万,醇解度86~89%(摩尔分数);
PVA1799:数均分子量(Mn)8.4~8.9万,醇解度98~99%(摩尔分数)。
海藻酸钠:购买于青岛明月海藻集团有限公司,粘度(25℃)500~550mPa·s、 250~400mPa·s。
海藻酸钾:购买于青岛明月海藻集团有限公司,粘度(25℃)500~700mPa·s。
十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵:购买于厦门先端科技有限公司。
实施例1
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000008
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例2
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000009
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羧甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(苯丙乳液),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例3
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000010
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(苯丙乳液),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例4
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000011
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA2488)、海藻酸钾(500~700mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(苯甲酸钠),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例5
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000013
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1799)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟甲基纤维素),溶于水中(加热),然后加入高分子乳液(苯丙乳液),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例6
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000014
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA2488)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羧甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例7
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000016
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA2488)、海藻酸钠(250~400mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羧甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例8
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000017
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(苯丙乳液),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
实施例9
按重量计,本实施例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000018
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素素),溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,最后加入乳化剂(十二烷基磺酸钠)、防腐剂(苯甲酸钠),混匀,即得抑尘剂。
对比例1
按重量计,本对比例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000019
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入乳化剂(十二烷基磺酸钠)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得。
对比例2
按重量计,本对比例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000020
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、水溶性纤维素(羟丙基甲基纤维素),溶于水中,然后加入乳化剂(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),混匀,即得。
对比例3
按重量计,本对比例抑尘剂包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000022
制备方法:
按计量,取聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)、海藻酸钠(500~550mPa·s)、水溶性纤维素(羧甲基纤维素)、乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、防腐剂(山梨酸钾),加入水中,出现絮状沉淀物,然后加入高分子乳液(水性聚氨酯分散体),混匀,即得。
研究结果表明,将海藻酸钠与乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)同时加入到水中,将导致出现絮状沉淀物,从而导致抑尘剂制备失败。
以下通过试验例,来说明本发明煤炭抑尘剂的有益效果。
试验例:抑尘剂的性能测试
按照《中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009》(铁路煤炭运输抑尘技术条件第1部分:抑尘剂)中的方法,分别对实施例1~9和对比例1、2制备所得抑尘剂的抑尘效果、毒理指标、腐蚀性进行测试。
取1倍质量的实施例1~9和对比例1、2制备所得抑尘剂,分别加入2倍质量的水进行稀释后,测试结果如表1所示:
表1稀释3倍的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000024
取1倍质量的实施例1~9和对比例1、2制备所得抑尘剂,分别加入4倍质量的水进行稀释后,测试结果如表2所示:
表2稀释5倍的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000025
取1倍质量的实施例1~9和对比例1、2制备所得抑尘剂,分别加入9倍质量的水进行稀释后,测试结果如表3所示:
表3稀释10倍的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-000027
本发明提供的抑尘剂通过采用特定的组分以及配比,能够满足中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009对抑尘效果(风蚀率<1%、固化层厚度>10mm)、毒理指标(总汞≤0.05mg/L、总镉≤0.1mg/L、总铅≤1.0mg/L、总铬≤1.5mg/L、总砷≤0.5mg/L、甲醛≤5mg/L)、腐蚀性(钢材平均腐蚀速率≤5×10 -5m/a、铝合金均匀腐蚀速率≤3×10 -5m/a、TCS不锈钢平均腐蚀率≤1×10 -7m/a、车辆橡胶管均匀腐蚀≤1×10 -7mg/cm 2·h、车辆醇酸油漆片均匀腐蚀≤1×10 -7mg/cm 2·h)以及其他性能指标的规定和要求,综合性能优异;特别是,在优选的组分以及配比条件下(例如实施例1~6,特别是实施例3~5),稀释10倍时仍然能够满足行业标准的规定和要求;非常适合推广应用,降低运输过程中煤炭的损耗量,减少经济损失,并能够有效避免煤炭粉尘引起的大气污染,有效改善空气质量。
当然,本发明还可以有其它多种实施方式,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
工业实用性
本发明通过采用特定的组分以及配比,提供了一种主要应用于煤炭运输中的抑尘剂,能够满足《中国铁道行业标准TB/T 3210.1-2009》对抑尘效果、毒理指标、腐蚀性的规定和要求,不仅能够降低运输过程中煤炭的损耗量,减少经济损失,而且还能够有效避免煤炭粉尘引起的大气污染,有效改善空气质量,非常适合推广应用。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种抑尘剂,其特征在于:包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
    Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
    Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-100002
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
    Figure PCTCN2018119683-appb-100003
  4. 根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇的重量配比为1:0.1~15。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述高分子乳液与聚乙烯醇 的重量配比为1:1.6~12。
  6. 根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:至少满足下列中的一项:
    所述高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯分散体或苯丙乳液;
    所述海藻酸盐选自海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸钙、海藻酸铵中的一种或至少两种的组合;
    所述水溶性纤维素选自羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧乙基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素钠中的一种或至少两种的组合;
    所述乳化剂选自阴离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂;
    所述防腐剂选自山梨酸及其盐类、苯甲酸及其盐类、脱氢乙酸及其盐类、对羟基苯甲酸酯类或双乙酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述阴离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基磺酸钠、十三烷基磺酸钠、十四烷基磺酸钠、十五烷基磺酸钠、十六烷基磺酸钠、十七烷基磺酸钠、十八烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、十五烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基苯磺酸钠、十七烷基苯磺酸钠、十八烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或至少两种的组合;所述阳离子表面活性剂选自十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十三烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十五烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或至少两种的组合。
  8. 根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:至少满足下列中的一项:
    所述高分子乳液的固含量为35~65wt%、粘度为20~5000mPa·s;
    所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为6~20万、醇解度为80~99.5%;
    所述海藻酸盐的粘度为200~1200mPa·s。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述高分子乳液的固含量为40~55wt%、粘度为500~4500mPa·s。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇的数均分子量为8~15万、醇解度为86~89%或98~99%。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:所述海藻酸盐的粘度为 480~800mPa·s。
  12. 根据权利要求1~11任一项所述的抑尘剂,其特征在于:将权利要求1~11任一项所述的抑尘剂加水稀释,按质量计,稀释倍数不超过10倍。
  13. 权利要求1~11任一项所述的抑尘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:按计量,将聚乙烯醇、海藻酸盐和水溶性纤维素溶于水中,然后加入高分子乳液,混匀,最后加入乳化剂、防腐剂,混匀,即得。
  14. 权利要求1~12任一项所述的抑尘剂在煤炭运输中的应用。
PCT/CN2018/119683 2018-03-09 2018-12-07 一种抑尘剂及其制备方法和在煤炭运输中的应用 WO2019169918A1 (zh)

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