WO2019157770A1 - 一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩 - Google Patents

一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019157770A1
WO2019157770A1 PCT/CN2018/081240 CN2018081240W WO2019157770A1 WO 2019157770 A1 WO2019157770 A1 WO 2019157770A1 CN 2018081240 W CN2018081240 W CN 2018081240W WO 2019157770 A1 WO2019157770 A1 WO 2019157770A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radome
enclosure
antenna
microwave antenna
wide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/081240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘彬彬
陈鹏羽
李骁男
熊国辉
许超磊
林泽银
郭浩楠
Original Assignee
广东通宇通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司
Priority to EP18906409.0A priority Critical patent/EP3754785B1/en
Publication of WO2019157770A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019157770A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/427—Flexible radomes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radome for a microwave antenna, in particular to a flexible radome for a microwave antenna adapted to a wide frequency band requirement.
  • the microwave antenna is an indispensable part of the system.
  • the antenna performance needs to be higher and higher, and the user experience and production of the microwave antenna The versatility has raised higher requirements.
  • the radome is installed outside the antenna and is a structure for protecting the microwave antenna system from the external environment.
  • the purpose of the radome is as follows:
  • the radome to establish a closed area to protect the microwave antenna system from external natural factors such as wind, rain, ice, dust and solar radiation, so as to maintain the electrical performance of the microwave antenna is stable and reliable.
  • the microwave antenna system is relieved of wear, corrosion and aging caused by natural environmental factors such as wind blowing and sunshine, so as to prolong the service life of the microwave antenna.
  • the influence of the radome on the shape of the outer contour of the antenna can improve the wind load characteristics of the microwave antenna system to reduce the risk of damage to the antenna system caused by the wind load, while maintaining the necessary mechanical strength and reducing the impact of conventional installation and accidental impact. Destroy the risk.
  • the radome of the microwave antenna is generally disposed at the distal end (open end) of the paraboloid of the antenna, and the periphery of the radome is fixed on the enclosure around the antenna.
  • the radome will inevitably absorb and reflect the microwave radiation of the antenna, which affects the electrical performance of the antenna to some extent. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-performance antenna, the radome is required to have good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance, a small antenna insertion loss, sufficient strength and durability in mechanical properties, and can withstand external external harsh environments.
  • the radome is usually made of a material having a low dielectric constant and a low loss tangent and high mechanical strength, such as glass reinforced plastic, foam, epoxy resin, high molecular polymer, and the like.
  • the radome generally employs a uniform single wall structure having a concave/convex surface, a sandwich structure, a space skeleton structure, and the like.
  • the thermoforming method is usually used to make the radome have different shapes.
  • the conventional radome of the existing microwave antenna product usually adopts a rigid material such as special engineering plastic (ABS) to form a concave or convex taper angle structure by hot press forming to obtain wider radiation characteristics.
  • a rigid material such as special engineering plastic (ABS)
  • ABS special engineering plastic
  • the rigid radome such as special engineering plastic (ABS) has high mechanical strength, but the weight and volume are generally large, and the wave transmission performance is not ideal.
  • the radome In order to minimize the reflection of the radome, increase the gain, and reduce the insertion loss value, it is usually necessary to design the uniform thickness of the single-wall wall thickness or the sandwich structure of the radome according to the working wavelength, and generally adopt the thickness corresponding to the half-wavelength medium.
  • the radome achieves better wave transmission performance.
  • the microwave antenna covers multiple frequency bands.
  • the thickness specification of the radome according to the wavelength design cannot be adapted to multiple frequency bands. If the thickness of the radome is designed according to the working wavelength, the microwave antennas of different frequency bands are required to adopt different thickness specifications. Radome.
  • the difference in the specifications of the radomes in different frequency bands leads to their incompatibility, which not only leads to excessive production costs, such as the need for multiple production lines, multiple molds, etc., but also increases the risk of mis-mixing during production or assembly.
  • the radome is formed into a concave or convex surface shape by a thermoforming process, and the processing cost in this manner is relatively high, which is disadvantageous for the manufacturer to reduce the operating cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks, and to provide a wide-band flexible radome for microwave antennas that does not need to be determined according to the working wavelength of the antenna, has light weight, small insertion loss of the antenna, good wave transmission performance, and can satisfy the multi-band universal microwave antenna. .
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a microwave antenna wide-band flexible radome, which is fixed around a surrounding ring disposed around an antenna and opposite to a reflecting surface of the antenna, wherein the radome is high
  • the outer layer of the molecular polymer and the composite fiber textile structural layer mixed with the shielded absorbing wire are compositely formed, and a tensioning element for connecting the traction mechanism is disposed on a side of the radome facing the reflecting surface of the antenna, and the traction mechanism is connected to the enclosure
  • a traction force capable of deforming the radome into a concave surface is applied to the radome via the tensioning member.
  • the radome is provided with a reinforced connecting layer integrally connected thereto.
  • a pressing ring with an L-shaped cross section is buckled at the upper end of the enclosure, and the periphery of the radome is pressed and fixed on the enclosure.
  • the radome is folded around the upper end of the enclosure, and the peripheral edge of the radome protrudes from the gap between the pressing ring and the enclosure, and is fixed at the protruding portion of the radome for limiting A fixing piece that passes through a gap between the pressing ring and the enclosure.
  • the upper end of the enclosure is provided with a downwardly folded flange, and the compression ring is fixed on the flange by screws or rivets.
  • the traction mechanism is a traction wire passing through a through hole provided in the tensioning member, and two ends of the traction wire are respectively connected to the inner side wall of the enclosure.
  • the tensioning element is a connecting piece fixed at the center of the radome, and the connecting piece is provided with a through hole extending in a diameter direction of the radome.
  • the end of the traction wire is connected to a pre-tightening screw, one end of the pre-tightening screw passes through a connecting hole on a fixing component provided on the inner side wall of the enclosure, and protrudes on the protruding end of the pre-tightening screw
  • a preload spring is disposed between the portion and the fixing member.
  • the end of the traction wire passes through a connecting hole on a fixing component of the inner side wall of the enclosure, the through end thereof is folded back, and is not worn through the metal sleeve and the traction wire. A part of the connection hole is fixedly connected.
  • the end of the traction wire is connected to a fixing screw which passes through a connecting hole on a fixing member of the inner wall of the enclosure and is fixed by a nut.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the radome is composed of a polymer polymer outer layer and a composite fiber textile structure layer.
  • the composite fiber textile structural layer is the main structural material in the radome to increase the strength and bear the force. Due to the high strength of the textile fibers, the finished radome also has high strength and good durability.
  • the present invention incorporates a shielded absorbing wire made of a shielded absorbing material in the woven fabric constituting the woven fabric structure layer.
  • the shielded absorbing wire has a certain function of shielding and absorbing electromagnetic waves, and is combined with textile fibers to form a composite fiber textile structural layer. This structure can effectively improve the electrical performance of the radome, reduce the insertion loss of the antenna, and improve its wave transmission performance.
  • the radome of this structure has good wave permeability, and it is not necessary to select the thickness of the radome according to the operating wavelength of the antenna.
  • a uniform thickness of the radome can achieve lower antenna insertion loss in multiple frequency bands, which can meet the needs of multi-band microwave antennas, and achieve versatility of the radome over a wide frequency range, overcoming the tradition.
  • ABS and other material radomes have different disadvantages in different frequency bands.
  • the radome is made of a flexible material that does not require too much thickness to have a higher strength than a rigid material, and thus has a relatively thin thickness and a light weight.
  • the radome of the present invention uses a high molecular polymer as a radome outer layer, and a composite shielding absorbing wire in a composite fiber textile structure layer, which has better electrical properties and transparency than a general flexible radome.
  • the cloth should also be high.
  • the flexible radome of the invention is concavely formed by the traction force of the traction mechanism to reduce the return loss of the electromagnetic wave on the one hand, and the radome can be tightened by the traction force of the traction mechanism on the other hand, and the traction mechanism also plays a fixed role.
  • the fatigue loss caused by the repeated deformation of the radome can be slowed down, and the service life of the radome can be prolonged.
  • the radome has high versatility, has good and stable electrical performance in the full frequency range, and greatly reduces the weight of the antenna and reduces the production cost of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a microwave antenna and a flexible radome of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radome of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the side of the radome of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the manner in which the radome is fixed on the enclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of the area A in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of the area B of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the manner in which the pull wire is fixed.
  • Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of the area C of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of an antenna enclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the insertion loss of the radome of the present invention and the ABS radome of the prior art.
  • the microwave antenna wide-band flexible radome of the present invention is an important component for protecting the microwave antenna, and is disposed on the front surface of the antenna, and is fixed around the enclosure 4 disposed around the antenna and opposite to the reflection surface 6 of the antenna.
  • the radome 1 used in the microwave antenna of the present invention is in the form of a cloth-like flexible material, and the radome 1 of the flexible material is spread over the antenna reflecting surface 6 On the opposite side, the radome 1 is stretched around the periphery and is tensioned and fixed on a ring 4 disposed around the reflecting surface of the antenna.
  • the enclosure 4 is used to limit lateral radiation from the antenna, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.
  • the structure and arrangement of the enclosure 4 are substantially the same as in the prior art, and the same portions will not be described in detail.
  • the material of the radome is flexible, it can be deformed into a desired concave shape by an external force such as pulling. Therefore, unlike the rigid radome such as the conventional ABS engineering plastic, it is not necessary to perform thermoforming, and the production of the mold can be omitted, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the radome of the present invention is a flexible multi-layer composite structure mainly composed of a composite fiber textile structure layer and a polymer polymer outer layer attached to the conjugate fiber textile structure layer.
  • the outer layer of the polymer polymer is mainly formed by curing a coating of the polymer material material disposed on the woven fabric structure layer, for example, one of polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and polyamide. Or a mixture of several kinds, using a hot melt, coating, wetting, etc. to form a polymer material coating on the composite fiber textile structural layer, and then curing to form a polymer polymerization on the composite fiber textile structure layer.
  • the outer layer of matter is mainly formed by curing a coating of the polymer material material disposed on the woven fabric structure layer, for example, one of polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and polyamide. Or a mixture of several kinds, using a hot melt, coating, wetting, etc. to form a polymer
  • the material Since the radome requires good wave transmission performance, the material is required to have a low dielectric constant and a tangent loss, and therefore, the specific polymer material can be selected according to the performance parameter. At the same time, we must take into account the mechanical properties of the material. Although the force of the radome is mainly borne by the composite fiber textile structure layer, at the same time, it has excellent electrical and mechanical properties and can improve the performance and service life of the antenna.
  • the composite fiber textile structural layer is a main structural material in the radome that increases mechanical strength and bears a force, and is mainly made of textile fibers (such as polyvinyl chloride fibers) through a textile process. Since the strength of textile fibers such as polyvinyl chloride fibers is generally high, the resulting radome also has high strength and tensile properties, so that it can adapt to the influence of the external environment and has good durability.
  • the composite fiber textile structural layer of the present invention is different from the general textile fiber cloth.
  • the shielded absorber wave made of a shielded absorbing material is mixed.
  • the shielded absorbing wire has the function of shielding and absorbing electromagnetic waves, and is structurally combined with textile fibers such as polyvinyl chloride fibers, and the composite may be interwoven or entangled between different fibers, or the shielded absorbing wire is Doping in the voids of textile textile structures.
  • the composite fiber textile structural layer is thus formed, which can effectively improve the electrical properties of the composite fiber textile structural layer and the radome, thereby obtaining better wave transmission performance than conventional textile fiber cloth.
  • the microwave antenna can obtain lower insertion loss and better wave transmission performance.
  • the shielded absorbing wire is made of a shielding absorbing material in the prior art, such as carbon black fiber, textile fiber coated with metal micropowder, silicon carbide fiber, etc., due to more materials, the article is not enumerated one by one. .
  • the fiber material of the shielded absorbing wire does not need to be too long in length, and can be compounded with the textile fiber.
  • the specific preparation method of the fiber material for shielding the absorbing wire and the specific spinning method of the woven fiber structure layer can be referred to the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the polymer polymer outer layer and the composite fiber textile structure layer of the radome of the present invention may further comprise some auxiliary components added as needed in a specific production process, such as some components for bonding, or improving ultraviolet protection performance. Ingredients, etc. When these components are added according to the production needs, the auxiliary component should also be regarded as a part of the polymer outer layer or the composite fiber textile structural layer.
  • the thickness of the radome fabricated by the radome is not determined according to the working wavelength of the antenna. It has good versatility in different frequency bands. Therefore, it is possible to overcome the defects such as high cost of the conventional radome, non-universal, etc., and high risk of mis-mixing.
  • the thickness of the composite flexible radome can be relatively thin, and the overall thickness can be set to a thickness of 0.8 mm or less. Therefore, the radome is very light in weight, which can reduce the overall weight of the antenna and meet the customer's demand for lightweight.
  • the flexible radome of the invention has better differential loss in the frequency band of 6G-26G after shielding the absorbing wire to improve the electrical performance, can meet the wide-band versatility, and has the characteristics of light weight and low price.
  • the radome of the present invention is flexible, it can be formed into a desired shape by assembly, and thus it is not required to be manufactured by thermoforming as a rigid radome, and the production and processing cost can be reduced.
  • the radome 1 is mounted on the enclosure 4 around the reflecting surface of the antenna, it is formed into a concave surface by pulling. Specifically, the following structural manner can be adopted.
  • the invention is provided with one or more tensioning elements 2 on one side of the radome 1 facing the antenna reflecting surface 6, the tensioning element 2 being fixedly connected to the radome 1 and integrated with the antenna
  • the cover 1 is connected to the traction mechanism 11 between the reflecting surfaces 6.
  • the traction mechanism 11 pulls the radome 1 on the one hand and the inner wall of the enclosure 4 on the other hand.
  • the traction mechanism 11 applies a traction force to the radome 1 via the tensioning element 2, and the radome 1 is deformed into a concave surface by the traction force, thereby reducing the return loss of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the traction mechanism 11 can adopt a traction wire, a tie rod, etc., and which form can be determined according to actual needs.
  • a traction mechanism in the form of a traction wire is used, which has a good assembly flexibility and a simple and lightweight structure.
  • the pull wire is connected to the tensioning element 2 of the radome 1 and the radome 1 is recessed to the desired extent when pulled down, and the pull wire is fixed to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4.
  • a plurality of traction wires may be symmetrically disposed between the radome 1 and the reflecting surface 6 as needed, and the plurality of pulling wires are respectively connected to the tensioning members 2 on the radome 1. It may be connected to the same tensioning element 2, or it may be connected to a different tensioning element 2, respectively.
  • This embodiment preferably uses a pull wire as the traction mechanism 11 , and the pull wire passes through the through hole provided on the tensioning member 2, and the two ends of the pull wire are respectively turned to two The side extends obliquely downward, and after the radome 1 is pulled and recessed to a desired extent, the two ends of the traction wire are respectively connected to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4.
  • the sliding of the traction wire in the perforation automatically adjusts both sides of the perforation when the radome is pulled down via both ends of the traction wire
  • the length of the traction wire is such that the length of the traction wire on both sides of the tensioning element 2 is adapted to the distance of the tensioning element 2 to the fixing point of the traction wire at the inner side wall of the enclosure 4, so that the traction wire pair tensioning elements 2 on both sides of the perforation
  • the traction applied by the radome 1 is exactly the same, thereby keeping the radome under stress.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 8 show an embodiment of a tensioning element 2 suitable for use in a traction wire.
  • the main body of the tensioning member 2 is a connecting piece fixed to the center of the radome 1.
  • the connecting piece can be tiled and fixedly attached to the radome by gluing, heat sealing, sewing or the like.
  • the connecting piece has an elongated protruding portion, and the protruding portion is provided with a through hole 2-1 extending through the longitudinal direction thereof, and the through hole 2-1 extends in the diameter direction of the radome to have a relatively long axial direction. length.
  • the traction wires are connected from the perforations 2-1 through the rear ends to the two opposite fixed portions on the inner side wall of the enclosure 4. Since the pull wire has a longer length in the perforation 2-1, the pull wire has a larger range of force when pulling down the tensioning element 2 and the radome 1 against the tensioning element 2 The force applied to the radome 1 is more uniform.
  • the tensioning element 2 can also be in the form of a connecting tab, a hook or the like, as desired.
  • the present invention deforms the inwardly concave surface by pulling the radome 1 downward, and reduces the return loss of the electromagnetic wave by the inclined surface formed by the recess.
  • the fixing portion of the peripheral edge of the radome 1 on the enclosure 4 also needs to bear the force applied by the traction mechanism 11.
  • the peripheral edge of the radome 1 needs to be firm and stable. It is fixed to the enclosure 4 around the antenna reflecting surface 6 so that it does not slip under the pulling force of the traction mechanism 11.
  • a reinforcing connecting layer 1 connected to the outer periphery of the radome 1 may be disposed.
  • the reinforcing connecting layer 1-1 may be a folded portion formed by folding the peripheral edge of the radome toward the center, or may be laminated on the periphery of the radome 1 to form a double layer structure.
  • the connection between the periphery of the enclosure 4 and the upper end of the enclosure 4 is fixed by the attachment of the reinforcing connection layer 1-1 to increase the reliability of the connection.
  • the fixing around the radome 1 requires the use of an L-shaped compression ring 3, the compression ring 3
  • the size is adapted to the size of the upper end of the cylinder formed by the enclosure 4.
  • the compression ring 3 is inverted on the upper end of the enclosure 4, wherein one of the L-shaped sections of the compression ring 3 is flush with the upper end surface of the enclosure 4 and the other side is adjacent to the outer side of the enclosure 4.
  • the compression ring 3 After extending the peripheral edge of the radome 1 to the upper end of the enclosure 4, the compression ring 3 is assembled in position, and the compression ring 3 is fixedly connected to the enclosure 4 by screws or rivets 4-2, using the compression ring 3
  • the periphery of the radome which is previously spread to the upper end of the enclosure 4 is pressed and fixed on the enclosure 4 to achieve the spreading and fixing of the radome.
  • the fixing structure is simpler, requires fewer components, requires less cost, and the pressing is performed.
  • the assembly and operation of the ring 3 is more convenient, which reduces the labor cost of the antenna installation and improves the assembly efficiency.
  • the overall size of the radome 1 is larger than the maximum size of the upper end of the cylinder formed by the enclosure 4, so that the peripheral edge of the radome 1 spreads to the upper end of the enclosure 4 and can be further extended. It is folded down and covered from the outside at the upper end of the enclosure 4. The folded edge of the radome 1 extends downwardly against the outside of the enclosure 4 and extends from the gap between the compression ring 3 and the outer side of the enclosure 4.
  • a fixing piece 7 is provided on the protruding portion of the radome 1, and the fixing piece 7 is integrally fixed to the periphery of the radome 1 by means of a rivet 7-1 or the like. The fixing piece 7 is larger in size than the gap between the pressing ring 3 and the surrounding ring 4. After assembly, the compression ring 3 can catch the fixing piece 7 and restrict the peripheral edge of the radome 1 from passing through the slit.
  • the fixing pieces 7 are evenly distributed on the circumferential edge of the radome 1, and are integrally fixed to the radome 1 by means of rivets 7-1 and the like.
  • the radome 1 After the radome 1 is spread, its periphery extends as shown in FIG. 4 to the outer side of the upper end of the enclosure 4 and extends downward.
  • the pressing ring 3 is buckled at the upper end of the enclosure 4, and the fixing of the radome 1 is fixed by the pressing ring 3.
  • the sheet 7 is pushed downwards, and on the one hand, the fixing piece can be pushed by the pressing ring 3 during assembly to facilitate spreading the radome, and on the other hand, the fixing piece 7 can be restrained by the pressing ring 3 to prevent the radome.
  • the radial slip under the action of an external force such as a pulling action of the traction mechanism 11 or a wind blow increases the firmness of the periphery of the radome.
  • a preferred embodiment of the antenna enclosure 4 is also shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, in which the upper end of the enclosure 4 is provided with a downwardly folded flange 4-1.
  • the upper end surface of the flange 4-1 is a flat surface for connecting the fixed radome 1 and the pressing ring 3.
  • the flange 4-1 increases the size of the upper end surface of the enclosure 4, and increases the contact surface between the radome 1 and the enclosure 4, that is, the area of the clamping surface, which is more advantageous for clamping and fixing the periphery of the radome 1 Between the compression ring 3 and the enclosure 4.
  • the area of the upper end surface of the enclosure 4 which is increased by the above-mentioned flange 4-1 also facilitates the connection and fixing of the compression ring 3.
  • the compression ring 3 can be screwed or pulled by the screw 4-2.
  • the radome 1 and the flange 4-1 of the enclosure 4 are pre-tensioned together.
  • FIG. 5 shows several embodiments of the traction mechanism 11 (e.g., the traction line) attached to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4, respectively.
  • the traction mechanism 11 e.g., the traction line
  • the traction mechanism 11 is in the form of a pull wire that is coupled to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4 by a pre-tightening screw 10.
  • the specific structure is that the end of the pulling wire passes through the hole of one end of the pre-tightening screw 10 and is fixed.
  • One end of the pre-tightening screw 10 passes through a connecting hole (not shown) provided on a fixing member 5 on the inner side wall of the enclosure 4, and the pre-tightening screw 10 is movable in the connecting hole via a pre-tensioning spring 12 Pre-tightening.
  • the fixing member 5 is formed by an angle steel which is fixed to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4 by screws or rivets 5-1.
  • One of the two mutually perpendicular plates of the angle is attached to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4 and is fixed by screws or rivets 5-1.
  • the other plate surface of the angle steel is perpendicular to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4, and a connection hole is formed in the plate surface.
  • the upper end of the pre-tightening screw 10 is connected to the pulling wire, and the lower end thereof passes through the connecting hole and is movable up and down in the connecting hole.
  • a pretensioning spring 12 is sleeved on a portion of the pretensioning screw 10 that passes through the connecting hole.
  • a nut is screwed onto the through end of the pretensioning screw 10 through the connecting hole, and the nut forms a projection 10-1 fixed to the pretensioning screw 10.
  • the projection 10-1 can also be formed in other ways, such as by welding a protruding member on the pretensioning screw 10.
  • the pretension spring 12 is a compression spring sandwiched between the projection 10-1 of the pretensioning screw 10 and the fixing member 5 on the inner side wall of the enclosure 4. Since the fixing member 5 is fixed to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4, the elastic force of the pretension spring 12 is applied downwardly to the pretensioning screw 10 via the projection 10-1, and thus to the traction wire fixed to the upper end of the pretensioning screw 10. A downwardly elastic preload is applied to the radome pulled by the pull wire.
  • This embodiment is an elastic pre-tensioned connection form. By the elastic pre-tensioning force applied to the traction wire by the pre-tensioning spring 12 and the pre-tightening screw 10, the radome 1 can be kept stretched and spread without being used.
  • the time is prolonged and becomes slack. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in the vibration amplitude due to the wind force due to the slack of the radome 1, thereby reducing the fatigue loss caused by the repeated deformation of the radome, and prolonging the service life of the radome.
  • the traction mechanism 11 in the form of a traction wire used in the above embodiment of the present invention is a through hole passing through the tensioning member 2 and movable in the perforation, the traction wires on both sides of the perforation are equally stressed, and elasticity is applied on one side.
  • the preload can pre-tension the entire traction line.
  • This elastic pre-tensioned connection can be used only for the connection of one end of the pull wire as shown in Figure 1, while the other end of the pull wire is in the form of other fixed connections. It is also possible to use a pre-tightening connection of the pretensioning screw 10 and the pretensioning spring 12 at both ends of the traction line.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 6 is a fixed connection of the pull wire.
  • the inner side wall of the enclosure 4 is also provided with a fixing member 5 which can be fixed to the inside of the enclosure 4 by means of screws or rivets 5-1 as in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the angle steel on the wall is formed.
  • a connecting hole is also formed in the surface of the angle perpendicular to the inner side wall of the enclosure 4.
  • the connecting hole may be a threaded hole or a light hole.
  • the pull wire is connected to a set screw 14, as shown, the end of the pull wire passes through the hole in the upper end of the set screw 14 and is fixed.
  • the lower end of the fixing screw 14 passes through the connecting hole on the fixing member 5 and is directly fixed by a nut.
  • this embodiment does not use a pre-tensioning spring, but is directly fixed by a nut. Therefore, it is a rigidly fixed connection form, which does not function as an elastic pre-tightening connection.
  • the fixed connection form described in this embodiment can be used in the form of an elastic connection of the pretensioning screw shown in FIG.
  • the other end adopts the fixed connection manner shown in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 7 shows another form of fixed connection of the pull wire.
  • This embodiment also needs to provide a fixing member 5 on the inner side wall of the enclosure 4.
  • the fixing member 5 can be in the form of the angle steel shown in the above embodiment of FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, and the angle steel is perpendicular to the panel surface of the inner side wall of the enclosure 4.
  • a connection hole is provided in the upper opening.
  • the connecting hole is a threading hole which can be smaller than the connecting hole in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6.
  • the end of the pull wire passes through the connection hole in the fixing member 5, and the portion of the pull wire that passes through the connection hole (i.e., the piercing end of the pull wire) is folded back.
  • a metal sleeve 13 is placed on the end of the pull-back folded end of the pull line and the pull line close to the wear-out end, and then an external force is applied.
  • the metal sleeve 13 is plastically deformed and pressed, so that the end portion of the pull line folded back is fixedly connected to the portion of the pull line through which the pull line does not pass through the metal sleeve 13 to achieve the function of fixing the pull line.
  • connection method described in this embodiment can be used for the connection of the two ends of the traction wire, or only for connecting one end of the traction wire, and the other end adopts the connection form shown in FIG. 5 or FIG.
  • Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the microwave antenna, which is different from the form of the straight cylindrical shunt 4 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the enclosure 4 is inclined and the heights of the surroundings can be inconsistent.
  • the radome 1 is arranged in an inclined shape.
  • the fixed connection form of the radome 1 shown in the above embodiments, the form in which the pull wire is pulled, and the manner in which the ends of the pull wire are connected are also applicable to the oblique fence of this embodiment. Moreover, in the above manner, it is also possible to maintain a good and stable spreading and fixing of the radome.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the insertion loss of a microwave antenna as a function of frequency using the radome of the present invention.
  • the flexible radome has a low insertion loss in the frequency range of 6G-26G, which is not more than 0.3dB, and the insertion loss is not affected by the frequency, which can meet the versatility of the wide-band microwave antenna.
  • the radome of the present invention is composed of a polymer polymer outer layer and a composite fiber textile structure layer, and is combined with a shielded absorbing wire in the conjugate fiber textile structure layer, and the composite structure can effectively improve the electrical performance of the radome.
  • the antenna insertion loss of the radome of the present invention is maintained at a relatively stable low value over a wide frequency range. Compared with the conventional radome, the antenna insertion loss is not greatly increased due to the frequency band variation, and thus has better versatility in a relatively wide frequency range.
  • the radome of this structure has good wave permeability, and it is not necessary to select the thickness of the radome according to the operating wavelength of the antenna.
  • a uniform thickness of the radome can achieve lower antenna insertion loss in multiple frequency bands, which can meet the needs of multi-band microwave antennas, and achieve versatility of the radome over a wide frequency range, overcoming the tradition.
  • ABS and other material radomes have different disadvantages in different frequency bands.
  • the radome is made of a flexible material that does not require too much thickness to have a higher strength than a rigid material, and thus has a relatively thin thickness and a light weight.
  • the radome of the present invention uses a high molecular polymer as a radome outer layer, and a composite shielding absorbing wire in a composite fiber textile structure layer, which has better electrical properties and transparency than a general flexible radome.
  • the cloth should also be high.
  • the flexible radome of the invention is concavely formed by the traction force of the traction mechanism to reduce the return loss of the electromagnetic wave on the one hand, and the radome can be tightened by the traction force of the traction mechanism on the other hand, and the traction mechanism also plays a fixed role.
  • the fatigue loss caused by the repeated deformation of the radome can be slowed down, and the service life of the radome can be prolonged.
  • the radome has high versatility, has good and stable electrical performance in the full frequency range, and greatly reduces the weight of the antenna and reduces the production cost of the antenna.

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Abstract

一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其四周固定在围绕天线设置的围挡上，并与天线的反射面相对，所述的天线罩由高分子聚合物外层和混合有屏蔽吸波丝的复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成，在天线罩朝向天线反射面的一面设有用于连接牵引机构的拉紧元件，所述牵引机构连接在围挡的内壁上，并经由拉紧元件将能够使天线罩变形成凹面的牵引力作用于天线罩。这种结构的天线罩透波性好，不必依据天线工作波长选择天线罩的厚度。采用一种统一厚度的天线罩即可在多个频段均获得较低的天线插入损耗，能够满足多频段微波天线使用，在比较宽的频率范围内，实现了天线罩的通用性，克服了传统ABS等材质天线罩不同频段而具有差异性的缺点。

Description

一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩 技术领域
本发明涉及一种微波天线的天线罩，具体地说是一种微波天线用的适应宽频带需求的柔性天线罩。
背景技术
在现有的点对点通信系统中，微波天线是该系统中不可或缺的一部分，近年来，随着全球微波天线行业的不断发展，天线性能需要越来越高，对微波天线的用户体验和生产的通用性，都提出了更高要求。
天线罩作为微波天线的重要组成部分，其安装在天线外部，是保护微波天线系统免受外部环境影响的结构物，设置天线罩的目的主要有以下几个方面：
1.利用天线罩建立起一个封闭的区域，以保护微波天线系统，使其免于受到风雨、冰雪、沙尘和太阳辐等外界自然因素的影响，从而保持微波天线电气性能的稳定、可靠，同时减轻微波天线系统因受风吹、日照等自然环境因素造成的磨损、腐蚀和老化，以延长微波天线的使用寿命。
2.天线罩对天线外部轮廓形状的影响可以改善微波天线系统的风力载荷特性，以降低风力载荷对天线系统的破坏风险，同时可保持必要的机械强度，减小常规安装及意外冲击带来的破坏风险。
微波天线的天线罩一般设置在天线抛物面的远端(敞开端)，天线罩的四周固定在天线周围的围挡上。天线罩作为微波天线前面的障碍物，必然会对天线的微波辐射产生吸收和反射作用，在一定程度上影响天线的电气性能。因而，要获得高性能的天线，要求天线罩在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性，较小的天线插入损耗，机械性能上具有足够的强度和耐久性，能经受外部恶劣环境的作用。
天线罩通常采用介电常数和损耗角正切低、机械强度高的材料制造，例如玻璃钢、 泡沫、环氧树脂、高分子聚合物等。在结构上，天线罩通常采用具有凹/凸面的均质单壁结构、夹层结构、空间骨架结构等。而在制造方法上，通常采用热成型的方法，使天线罩呈不同的形状。
现有微波天线产品的传统天线罩，通常采用特种工程塑料(ABS)等刚性材料以热压成型的方式形成凹或凸的锥角结构，以获得较宽的辐射特性。这种特种工程塑料(ABS)等刚性材质的天线罩具有较高的机械强度，但是重量、体积一般都比较大，而且透波性能并不是太理想。
在电气上，为了使天线罩的反射最小，提高增益，降低插损数值，通常需要按工作波长设计天线罩均匀单壁壁厚或夹层结构的夹芯厚度，通常采用对应半波长介质厚度，以使天线罩获得较好透波性能。
然而，微波天线覆盖多个频段，这种依据波长设计的天线罩一种厚度规格无法适应多个频段，如果按照工作波长设计天线罩的厚度，必然会造成不同频段的微波天线需采用不同厚度规格的天线罩。不同频段的天线罩规格上的差异性导致其不能通用，不仅会导致生产成本过高，例如需要多条生产线、多个模具等，而且会增大生产或装配过程中错混料的风险。
而且，对于个别低频微波天线，若采用半波长介质厚度，必然会因为厚度上的影响造成天线重量的极度增加，这样势必对用户带来不佳的体验。
另外，通过热成型工艺使天线罩形成凹或凸一定角度表面形状，这种方式的加工成本也比较高，不利于生产企业降低经营成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问是克服上述缺陷，提供一种不需根据天线的工作波长确定厚度，重量轻、天线插入损耗小，透波性能好，能够满足多频段通用的微波天线宽频柔性天线罩。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其四周固定在围绕天线设置的围挡上，并与天线的反射面相对，所述的天线罩由高分子聚合物外层和混合有屏蔽吸波丝的复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成，在天线罩朝向天线反射面的一面设有用于连接牵引机构的拉紧元件，所述牵引机构连接在围挡的内壁上，并经由拉紧元件将能够使天线罩变形成凹面的牵引力作用于天线罩。
进一步的，所述天线罩的四周设有与其连接为一体的加强连接层。
进一步的，一个断面为L形的压紧圈倒扣在围挡的上端，将天线罩的四周挤压固定在围挡上。
进一步的，所述天线罩的四周翻折包覆在围挡的上端，天线罩四周边缘从压紧圈与围挡之间的缝隙伸出，在天线罩的该伸出部位上固定有用于限制其从压紧圈与围挡之间缝隙通过的固定片。
进一步的，所述围挡的上端设有向下翻折的翻边，压紧圈通过螺钉或拉钉固定在该翻边上。
进一步的，所述的牵引机构为从拉紧元件上设置的穿孔中穿过的牵引线，该牵引线的两端分别连接在围挡的内侧壁上。
进一步的，所述的拉紧元件为固定在天线罩中心的连接片，该连接片上设有沿天线罩直径方向延伸的穿孔。
进一步的，所述牵引线的端部连接至预紧螺钉，该预紧螺钉的一端穿过围挡内侧壁上设置的一个固定部件上的连接孔，并在预紧螺钉穿出端上的突出部与该固定部件之间套设有预紧弹簧。
进一步的，在另外一种实施方案中，所述牵引线的端部穿过围挡内侧壁一个固定部件上的连接孔，其穿出端向后折叠，并通过金属套管与牵引线未穿过连接孔的部分固定连接。
进一步的，所述牵引线的端部连接至固定螺钉，该固定螺钉穿过围挡内侧壁一个固定部件上的连接孔，并由螺母固定。
本发明的有益效果是：所述的天线罩采用高分子聚合物外层和复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成。其中的复合纤维纺织结构层为天线罩中起到增加强度和承担受力作用的主要结构材料。由于纺织纤维强度较高，使制成的天线罩也具有较高的强度，耐用性较好。与一般的纤维布不同，本发明在构成复合纤维纺织结构层的纺织纤维中混合有屏蔽吸波材料制成的屏蔽吸波丝。该屏蔽吸波丝具有一定屏蔽和吸收电磁波的作用，与纺织纤维复合制成复合纤维纺织结构层。此结构可有效改善天线罩的电性能，降低天线插入损耗，提高其透波性能。
这种结构的天线罩透波性好，不必依据天线工作波长选择天线罩的厚度。采用一种统一厚度的天线罩即可在多个频段均获得较低的天线插入损耗，能够满足多频段微波天线使用，在比较宽的频率范围内，实现了天线罩的通用性，克服了传统ABS等材质天线罩不同频段而具有差异性的缺点。
该天线罩的材质是柔性的，与刚性材料相比不需要太大的厚度即可具有较高的强度，因而其厚度可以比较薄，重量也较轻。与一般的柔性天线罩相比，本发明的天线罩以高分子聚合物为天线罩外层，复合纤维纺织结构层中复合屏蔽吸波丝，其电性能和透波性比一般的柔性天线罩布也要高。
本发明的柔性天线罩依靠牵引机构的牵引力内凹形成凹面，一方面可减小电磁波的回波损耗，另一方面可依靠牵引机构的牵引力使天线罩绷紧，牵引机构还起到固定的作用，以限制天线罩在风力作用下的振动，可减缓由于天线罩反复形变而造成的疲劳损耗，延长天线罩的使用寿命。
该天线罩具有较高的通用性，在全频范围内具有较好、稳定的电气性能，且极大降低了天线的重量，降低天线的生产成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明微波天线及柔性天线罩的剖视图。
图2是本发明天线罩的示意图。
图3是本发明天线罩侧面的部分剖视图。
图4是天线罩在围挡上固定方式的示意图。
图5是图1中A区域的局部放大图。
图6是图1中B区域的局部放大图。
图7是牵引线固定方式的另一实施例示意图。
图8是图1中C区域的局部放大图。
图9是天线围挡另一实施方式的示意图。
图10是本发明天线罩与现有技术中的ABS天线罩的插入损耗对比曲线。
图中标记：1、天线罩，1‐1、加强连接层，2、拉紧元件，2‐1、穿孔，3、压紧圈，4、围挡，4‐1、翻边，4‐2、螺钉或拉钉，5、固定部件，5‐1、螺钉或拉钉，6、反射面，7、固定片，7‐1、铆钉，8、背圈，9、馈源，10、预紧螺钉，10‐1、突出部，11、牵引机构，12、预紧弹簧，13、金属套管，14、固定螺钉，15、螺母。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的说明。下面实施例所列出的具体内容不限于权利要求记载的技术方案要解决的技术问题所必须的技术特征。同时，所述列举是实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分，而不是全部实施例。
本发明的微波天线宽频柔性天线罩作为保护微波天线的重要部件，其设置在天线的正面，四周固定在围绕天线设置的围挡4上，并与天线的反射面6相对。
与通常的ABS工程塑料等刚性天线罩不同，本发明中微波天线采用的天线罩1在形式上是一种类似于布的柔性材料，该柔性材料的天线罩1铺展设置在与天线反射面6 正对的一面，天线罩1的四周伸展，并张紧固定在围绕天线反射面设置的一圈围挡4上。该围挡4用于限制来自天线的侧向辐射，以此提高天线的性能。围挡4的结构和设置方式与现有技术基本相同，相同部分不再详细描述。
由于天线罩的材料是柔性的，通过牵拉等外力作用可变形为所需的凹面形状。因此，与通常的ABS工程塑料等刚性天线罩不同，不需要再进行热成型，可省去生产模具，从而降低成本。
本发明的天线罩为柔性的多层复合结构，其主要由复合纤维纺织结构层和附着于复合纤维纺织结构层上的高分子聚合物外层复合构成。其中，高分子聚合物外层主要由设置在复合纤维纺织结构层上的高分子聚合物材料涂层经固化后形成，例如采用聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺等高分子材料中的一种或几种的混合，利用热熔、涂覆、浸润等方式将高分子聚合物材料涂层形成在复合纤维纺织结构层上，然后经过固化，使其在复合纤维纺织结构层上形成高分子聚合物外层。
由于天线罩要求具有良好的透波性能，要求材料具有较低的介电常数和正切损耗，因此，在具体高分子聚合物材料使用上可根据该性能参数进行选择。同时要兼顾材料的力学性能。尽管天线罩的受力主要由复合纤维纺织结构层承担，但是同时具有优良的电性能和力学性能更能够提高天线的性能和使用寿命。
复合纤维纺织结构层为天线罩中起到增加机械强度和承担受力作用的主要结构材料，其主要由纺织纤维(如聚氯乙烯纤维等)通过纺织工艺制成。由于聚氯乙烯纤维等纺织纤维的强度一般都较高，使制成的天线罩也具有较高的强度和抗拉性能，从而能够适应外部环境的影响，耐用性较好。
本发明的复合纤维纺织结构层与一般的纺织纤维布不同，本发明在构成复合纤维纺织结构层的纺织纤维中混合有屏蔽吸波材料制成的屏蔽吸波丝。该屏蔽吸波丝具有屏蔽和吸收电磁波的作用，其在结构上与聚氯乙烯纤维等纺织纤维相复合，所述复合可以是 不同纤维之间的相互交织、缠绕，或是屏蔽吸波丝在纺织纤维纺织结构空隙中的掺杂。由此制成复合纤维纺织结构层，能够有效改善复合纤维纺织结构层及天线罩的电性能，从而获得与常规纺织纤维布相比更好的透波性能。利用该含有屏蔽吸波丝的复合纤维纺织结构层与高分子聚合物外层复合制成天线罩，可使微波天线获得较低的插入损耗和较好的透波性能。
所述的屏蔽吸波丝采用现有技术中的屏蔽吸波材料制成，如采用炭黑纤维、涂覆有金属微粉的纺织纤维、碳化硅纤维等，由于材料较多，本文逐一不再列举。所述屏蔽吸波丝的纤维材料不需要太大的长度，能够实现与纺织纤维的复合即可。该屏蔽吸波丝所用纤维材料的具体制备方法和复合纤维纺织结构层的具体纺织方法可参照现有技术，在本文中不再详细说明。
本发明天线罩的高分子聚合物外层和复合纤维纺织结构层中还可以包含一些在具体生产工艺中根据需要添加的助剂成分，例如一些起到粘合作用的成分，或者改善防紫外线性能的成分等。当根据生产需要加入有这些成分时，该助剂成分也应该视为高分子聚合物外层或复合纤维纺织结构层的一部分。
由于以上所述的由高分子聚合物外层和复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成的天线罩材料强度高、电性能优良、透波性能好，用其制作的天线罩厚度不必依据天线的工作波长确定，在不同的频段都具有较好的通用性。因而能够克服常规天线罩规格多，不通用等导致的成本高，错混料风险大等缺陷。这种复合材料柔性天线罩的厚度可以比较薄，整体厚度可以设置为0.8mm或更薄的厚度。因此，这种天线罩的重量非常轻，可以减轻天线的整体重量，满足客户对轻量化的需求。
本发明经过屏蔽吸波丝改善电性能后的柔性天线罩在6G-26G的频段中差损均比较较小，可满足宽频通用性，且具有质量轻，价格低的特点。
本发明的天线罩由于是柔性的，可以通过装配方式使其形成所需的形状，因而不需 要如刚性天线罩那样采用热成型的方式制造，可以降低生产加工成本。本发明将天线罩1装配在天线反射面周围的围挡4上之后，采用牵拉的方式使其形成凹面。具体可采用如下结构方式来实现。
如图所示，本发明在所述天线罩1朝向天线反射面6的一面设置有一个或多个拉紧元件2，该拉紧元件2与天线罩1固定连接为一体，并与设置在天线罩1与反射面6之间的牵引机构11相连接。该牵引机构11一方面牵拉天线罩1，另一方面连接在围挡4的内壁上。牵引机构11经由拉紧元件2将牵引力作用于天线罩1上，使天线罩1在牵引力作用下变形成凹面，以此减小电磁波的回波损耗。
所述的牵引机构11可采用牵引线、拉杆等，具体采用哪种形式可根据实际需要确定。在图1所示的实施例中采用的是牵引线形式的牵引机构，这种牵引线的形式装配灵活性较好，结构较为简单、轻便。将牵引线连接至天线罩1的拉紧元件2，向下牵拉时天线罩1向下凹至所需的幅度后，将牵引线固定在围挡4的内侧壁上即可。
根据需要，可以在天线罩1和反射面6之间对称设置多根牵引线，多根牵引线分别连接至天线罩1上的拉紧元件2。可以是连接至同一个拉紧元件2，也可以是分别连接至不同的拉紧元件2。
图1和图8所示是本发明的优选实施例，该实施例优选采用一条牵引线作为牵引机构11，该牵引线穿过拉紧元件2上设置的穿孔，牵引线的两端分别向两侧的斜下方延伸，将天线罩1牵拉凹陷至所需幅度后，将牵引线的两端分别连接在围挡4的内侧壁上。在该实施例中，由于牵引线在拉紧元件2的穿孔内是可滑动的，因而在经由牵引线两端向下牵拉天线罩时，通过牵引线在穿孔内的滑动自动调整穿孔两侧牵引线的长度，使拉紧元件2两侧的牵引线长度与拉紧元件2至牵引线在围挡4内侧壁固定点的距离相适应，从而使穿孔两侧的牵引线对拉紧元件2和天线罩1施加的牵引力完全相同，从而保持天线罩受力均衡。
图1、图2和图8示出了一种适用于牵引线的拉紧元件2的实施例。在该实施例中，拉紧元件2的主体为一个固定在天线罩1中心的连接片，该连接片可采用胶合、热合、缝制等方式平铺固定连接在天线罩上。在连接片上具有一个长条状的突出部位，该突出部位中设有一个贯通其长度方向的穿孔2-1，该穿孔2-1沿天线罩直径方向延伸，使其具有一个比较长的轴向长度。牵引线从该穿孔2-1穿过后两端连接至围挡4的内侧壁上两个相对的固定部位上。由于牵引线在穿孔2-1内具有一个较长的长度，因而，牵引线在向下牵拉所述拉紧元件2和天线罩1时具有一个较大的作用力范围，对拉紧元件2和天线罩1施加的作用力更为均匀。
根据需要，拉紧元件2也可以采用连接拉环、挂钩等形式。
如以上所述，本发明采用向下牵拉天线罩1的方式使其变形为向内的凹面，利用凹陷形成的斜面减小电磁波的回波损耗。在向下牵拉天线罩1时，天线罩1的四周边缘在围挡4上的固定部位同样需要承受牵引机构11施加的作用力，为此，需要将天线罩1的四周边缘牢固、稳定的固定在天线反射面6四周的围挡4上，从而使其在牵引机构11的拉力作用下不至于滑移。
为了增加天线罩1四周边缘的抗拉强度，避免在牵拉作用下产生破损，提高使用寿命，可以如图2所示，在天线罩1的四周边缘设置与其连接为一体的加强连接层1-1。该加强连接层1-1可以是由天线罩四周边缘向中心折叠形成的折叠部分，也可以采用与天线罩1相同的材料在其周边叠加一层形成双层结构。通过该附加有加强连接层1-1的周边与围挡4上端固定连接，以增加连接的可靠性。
图4示出了天线罩1四周边缘的一种固定方式的实施例，在该实施例中，天线罩1四周的固定需要采用一个断面为L形的压紧圈3，该压紧圈3的尺寸与围挡4形成的圆筒上端尺寸相适应。在固定时，压紧圈3倒扣在围挡4的上端，其中，压紧圈3的L形断面中的一边与围挡4的上端面相平，另一边贴近围挡4的外侧面。将天线罩1的四 周边缘延伸铺展至围挡4的上端后，将压紧圈3装配到位，用螺钉或拉钉4‐2将压紧圈3与围挡4固定连接，利用压紧圈3将事先铺展至围挡4上端的天线罩周边挤压固定在围挡4上，以实现天线罩的铺展固定。这种固定方式与一般采用分布在围挡四周的弹簧和挂钩牵拉天线罩边缘并固定的方式相比，固定结构更为简单，所需采用的部件少，成本比较低，而且所述压紧圈3压紧固定的方式装配操作更为简便，降低了天线安装时的人工成本，提高了装配效率。
更为优选的，如图4所示实施例，天线罩1的整体尺寸大于围挡4形成的圆筒的上端最大尺寸，使天线罩1的四周边缘铺展延伸至围挡4上端后可进一步向下翻折，从外侧包覆在围挡4的上端。天线罩1翻折后的四周边缘贴着围挡4的外侧向下延伸，并从压紧圈3与围挡4外侧面之间的缝隙伸出。在天线罩1的该伸出部位上设有固定片7，固定片7通过铆钉7‐1等方式与天线罩1周边固定为一体。该固定片7的尺寸要大于压紧圈3与围挡4之间的缝隙。装配好后，压紧圈3可以卡住固定片7，限制天线罩1的四周边缘从缝隙通过。
如图2所示，该实施例中，固定片7均匀的分布在天线罩1的圆周边缘，并通过铆钉7‐1等方式与天线罩1固定为一体。天线罩1铺展后，其周边如图4所示延伸至围挡4上端外侧后向下延伸，压紧圈3倒扣在围挡4上端，通过压紧圈3卡住天线罩1周边的固定片7并对其向下推压，一方面可在装配时利用压紧圈3推压固定片，以便于铺展天线罩，另一方面可利用压紧圈3对固定片7限位防止天线罩在受到牵引机构11的牵引作用或风吹等外力作用下的径向滑移，提高天线罩周边固定的牢固性。
图4所示的实施例中还示出了天线围挡4的一种更优的实施方式，在该实施例中，在围挡4的上端设有向下翻折的翻边4-1，该翻边4-1的上端面是一个平面，用于连接固定天线罩1和压紧圈3。翻边4-1使围挡4上端面的尺寸增大，可增大天线罩1与围挡4之间接触面，也就是夹紧面的面积，更利于将天线罩1周边夹紧固定在压紧圈3 与围挡4之间。
通过上述翻边4-1增大的围挡4上端面的面积也便于压紧圈3的连接固定，在装配好压紧圈3后，可通过螺钉或拉钉4-2将压紧圈3、天线罩1和围挡4的翻边4-1预紧连接在一起。
图5、图6和图7所示的实施例，分别示出了将牵引机构11(例如牵引线)连接在围挡4内侧壁上的几种具体实施方式。
如图5所示，牵引机构11为牵引线的形式，其通过预紧螺钉10连接至围挡4内侧壁。具体结构为，牵引线的端部穿过预紧螺钉10一端的孔并固定。该预紧螺钉10一端穿过围挡4内侧壁一个固定部件5上设置的连接孔(图中未示出)，预紧螺钉10在该连接孔内是可活动的，经由一个预紧弹簧12预紧。
在图5所示实施例中，所述固定部件5采用一个由螺钉或拉钉5‐1固定在围挡4内侧壁上的角钢形成。该角钢两个相互垂直的板面中的一个贴在围挡4的内侧壁上，并由螺钉或拉钉5‐1固定。角钢的另一个板面垂直于围挡4的内侧壁，并且在该板面上开设有连接孔。预紧螺钉10的上端连接牵引线，其下端从该连接孔中穿过，并可在连接孔内上下活动。在该预紧螺钉10穿出连接孔的部分上套设有一个预紧弹簧12。在预紧螺钉10穿过连接孔的穿出端上拧有一个螺母，由该螺母形成一个固定在预紧螺钉10上的突出部10-1。当然，该突出部10-1也可以采用其它方式来形成，例如在预紧螺钉10上焊接一个突出部件。
如图5所示，该预紧弹簧12是一个压缩弹簧，其夹在预紧螺钉10的突出部10-1与围挡4内侧壁上的固定部件5之间。由于固定部件5是固定在围挡4内侧壁上的，预紧弹簧12的弹性力向下经由突出部10-1施加在预紧螺钉10上，进而对固定在预紧螺钉10上端的牵引线和由牵引线拉动的天线罩施加向下的弹性的预紧力。该实施例是一种弹性预紧的连接形式，通过预紧弹簧12和预紧螺钉10对牵引线施加的弹性预紧力， 可以始终保持天线罩1的绷紧铺展，而不会随着使用时间延长而变得松弛。因此，可以防止由于天线罩1的松弛而导致在风力作用下振动幅度增大，进而减缓由于天线罩反复形变而造成的疲劳损耗，延长天线罩的使用寿命。
由于本发明上述实施例所采用的牵引线形式的牵引机构11是穿过拉紧元件2的穿孔，并且可在穿孔内活动的，穿孔两侧的牵引线的受力相等，在一侧施加弹性预紧力即可对整条牵引线预紧。这种弹性预紧的连接形式可以如图1所示仅用于牵引线一端的连接，而牵引线的另一端采用其它固定连接的形式。也可以在牵引线两端同时采用预紧螺钉10和预紧弹簧12的预紧连接方式。
图6所示的实施例是牵引线的一种固定连接形式。在该实施例中，围挡4的内侧壁上同样设置有一个固定部件5，该固定部件5可以按照图5所示实施例那样采用一个通过螺钉或拉钉5‐1固定在围挡4内侧壁上的角钢形成。在该角钢垂直于围挡4内侧壁的板面上同样开设有连接孔，该连接孔可以是螺纹孔，也可以是一个光孔。牵引线连接至一个固定螺钉14，如图所示，牵引线的端部穿过固定螺钉14上端的孔并固定。固定螺钉14的下端穿过固定部件5上的连接孔并直接由螺母固定。该实施例与图5所示的实施例相比没有采用预紧弹簧，而是直接用螺母固定，因此，是一种刚性固定的连接形式，起不到弹性预紧连接的作用。
该实施例所述的固定连接形式可以配合图5所示的预紧螺钉弹性连接的形式使用。如图1所示，在牵引线一端采用预紧螺钉10和预紧弹簧12预紧弹性连接的情况下，另一端采用该实施例所示的固定连接方式。
图7所示的实施例给出了牵引线的另外一种固定连接形式。该实施例同样需要在围挡4的内侧壁上设置一个固定部件5，固定部件5在形式可以采用以上图5或图6实施例所示的角钢，角钢垂直于围挡4内侧壁的板面上开设有连接孔。该连接孔是一个穿线孔，可以比图5或图6所示实施例中的连接孔小一些。所述牵引线的端部从该固定部 件5上的连接孔中穿过，并且牵引线穿出连接孔的部分(即牵引线的穿出端)向后折叠。由拉线器夹持该折叠的穿出端并对牵引线预紧后，在牵引线向后折叠的穿出端以及与该穿出端贴近的牵引线上套一个金属套管13，然后施加外力使金属套管13塑性变形压紧，从而将牵引线向后折叠的端部通过金属套管13与牵引线未穿过连接孔的部分固定连接，达到固定牵引线的作用。
该实施例所述的连接方式可用于牵引线两端的连接，或者仅用于连接牵引线一端，而另一端采用图5或图6所示的连接形式。
图9示出了微波天线的另一种实施方式，与图1所示的成直筒状的直围挡4的形式不同，该实施例中，围挡4是倾斜的，并且四周的高度可以不一致，使天线罩1呈倾斜状布置。以上各实施例所示的天线罩1的固定连接形式、牵引线拉紧的形式以及牵引线端部的连接方式也适用于该实施例的斜围挡。并且，采用以上方式同样能够保持天线罩良好、稳定的铺展和固定。
图10示出了采用本发明天线罩的微波天线插入损耗随频率变化的曲线。该柔性天线罩在6G-26G的频率范围内插入损耗都较低，不大于0.3dB，而且插入损耗受频率影响不大，可满足宽频微波天线的通用性。
本发明所述的天线罩采用高分子聚合物外层和复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成，并在复合纤维纺织结构层中复合有屏蔽吸波丝，此复合结构可有效改善天线罩的电性能，降低天线插入损耗，提高其透波性能。本发明天线罩的天线插入损耗在较宽的频段范围都保持在一个比较稳定的低数值。与通常的天线罩相比，不会由于频段变化而导致天线插入损耗大幅升高，因而在比较宽的频率范围内具有较好的通用性。
这种结构的天线罩透波性好，不必依据天线工作波长选择天线罩的厚度。采用一种统一厚度的天线罩即可在多个频段均获得较低的天线插入损耗，能够满足多频段微波天线使用，在比较宽的频率范围内，实现了天线罩的通用性，克服了传统ABS等材质 天线罩不同频段而具有差异性的缺点。
该天线罩的材质是柔性的，与刚性材料相比不需要太大的厚度即可具有较高的强度，因而其厚度可以比较薄，重量也较轻。与一般的柔性天线罩相比，本发明的天线罩以高分子聚合物为天线罩外层，复合纤维纺织结构层中复合屏蔽吸波丝，其电性能和透波性比一般的柔性天线罩布也要高。
本发明的柔性天线罩依靠牵引机构的牵引力内凹形成凹面，一方面可减小电磁波的回波损耗，另一方面可依靠牵引机构的牵引力使天线罩绷紧，牵引机构还起到固定的作用，以限制天线罩在风力作用下的振动，可减缓由于天线罩反复形变而造成的疲劳损耗，延长天线罩的使用寿命。
该天线罩具有较高的通用性，在全频范围内具有较好、稳定的电气性能，且极大降低了天线的重量，降低天线的生产成本。
以上对具体实施方式的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的技术构思及其核心思想，尽管本文使用了特定的优选实施例对技术方案进行了描述和说明，但其不应理解为对本发明自身的限制。本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明技术构思的前提下，可对其在形式上和细节上做出各种变化。这些轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其四周固定在围绕天线设置的围挡(4)上，并与天线的反射面(6)相对，其特征在于：所述的天线罩(1)由高分子聚合物外层和混合有屏蔽吸波丝的复合纤维纺织结构层复合构成，在天线罩(1)朝向天线反射面(6)的一面设有用于连接牵引机构(11)的拉紧元件(2)，所述牵引机构(11)连接在围挡(4)的内壁上，并经由拉紧元件(2)将能够使天线罩(1)变形成凹面的牵引力作用于天线罩(1)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述天线罩(1)的四周设有与其连接为一体的加强连接层(1-1)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：一个断面为L形的压紧圈(3)倒扣在围挡(4)的上端，将天线罩(1)的四周挤压固定在围挡(4)上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述天线罩(1)的四周翻折包覆在围挡(4)的上端，其四周边缘从压紧圈(3)与围挡(4)之间的缝隙伸出，在该伸出部位上固定有用于限制其从缝隙通过的固定片(7)。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述围挡的上端设有向下翻折的翻边(4-1)，压紧圈(3)通过螺钉或拉钉固定在该翻边(4-1)上。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述的牵引机构(11)为从拉紧元件(2)上设置的穿孔中穿过的牵引线，该牵引线的两端分别连接在围挡(4)的内侧壁上。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述的拉紧元件(2)为固定在天线罩(1)中心的连接片，该连接片上设有沿天线罩直径方向延伸的穿孔(2-1)。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述牵引线的端部连接至预紧螺钉(10)，该预紧螺钉(10)一端穿过围挡(4)内侧壁一个固定部件(5)上的连接孔，并在其穿出端的突出部(10-1)与该固定部件(5)之间套设有预紧弹簧(12)。
  9. 如权利要求6或7所述的一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩，其特征在于：所述牵引线的端部穿过围挡(4)内侧壁一个固定部件(5)上的连接孔，其穿出端向后折叠，并通过金属套管(13)与牵引线未穿过连接孔的部分固定连接。
PCT/CN2018/081240 2018-02-13 2018-03-30 一种微波天线宽频柔性天线罩 WO2019157770A1 (zh)

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