WO2019154248A1 - 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2019154248A1
WO2019154248A1 PCT/CN2019/074109 CN2019074109W WO2019154248A1 WO 2019154248 A1 WO2019154248 A1 WO 2019154248A1 CN 2019074109 W CN2019074109 W CN 2019074109W WO 2019154248 A1 WO2019154248 A1 WO 2019154248A1
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garbage
incinerator
components
component
flame
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黄群星
王亚飞
汪守康
池涌
李晓东
王飞
陆胜勇
严建华
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Zhejiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/72—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste incineration, in particular to a real-time detecting device and method for living garbage components in an incinerator.
  • the information on the composition of domestic waste is very important for the domestic waste-to-energy power plant.
  • the information on the composition of domestic waste can estimate the heat input to the boiler, the amount of pollutants discharged, the stable combustion of the domestic waste incinerator and the efficient and clean use of domestic waste. important.
  • most of the waste-to-energy plants in the domestic waste-to-energy plant have huge differences in randomness, and even if they are broken, their physical and chemical properties are not as stable as those of coal fuel. It is costly to make domestically produced RDF into a molded RDF.
  • the invention provides a real-time detecting device for living garbage components in an incinerator, which solves the defects and shortcomings of the manual sampling and detection of domestic garbage in the prior art, the detection result is more accurate, and the detection process is also safe.
  • a real-time detecting device for living garbage components in an incinerator comprising:
  • the fiber optic sensor is directed to the combustion flame of the living garbage burning zone through the observation hole on the incinerator;
  • a spectrometer that receives an optical signal of the fiber optic sensor
  • the industrial computer receives the data of the spectrometer and outputs the domestic garbage component through the living garbage component detecting program;
  • the domestic garbage component testing program includes the following processes:
  • step (3) calculating the flame temperature T according to the mixed garbage combustion flame spectrum information collected in step (2);
  • step (4) Solving the equation of step (4) to obtain the proportion of each component in the domestic garbage.
  • the method of the invention solves the shortage problem of the garbage power plant understanding the component information of the fuel input end, can update the garbage component information in the incinerator in real time, optimize the combustion condition in the incinerator, thereby realizing the clean and efficient utilization of the domestic garbage.
  • step (5) the equation in the step (4) is solved by the least square method, and the proportion of the components of the domestic garbage is obtained.
  • the solution is as follows:
  • step (4) can be expressed as the following system of equations:
  • step (1) the flame spectrum information is expressed in a matrix form:
  • X represents a one-component household waste (eg, printing paper, toilet paper, wood, leaf banana peel, orange peel, chemical fiber, PP plastic, etc.);
  • the flame emission characteristic line intensity at t j temperature (unit: ° C, the same below) at ⁇ i wavelength (unit: nm, the same below).
  • step (1) the components of the domestic garbage are collected, including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, fabric, cellulose, bamboo, and peel. And lignin.
  • the invention also provides a real-time detecting method for the living garbage component in the incinerator, comprising the following steps:
  • step (3) calculating the flame temperature T according to the mixed garbage combustion flame spectrum information collected in step (2);
  • step (4) Solving the equation of step (4) to obtain the proportion of each component in the domestic garbage.
  • step (5) the equation in the step (4) is solved by the least square method, and the proportion of the components of the domestic garbage is obtained.
  • step (1) the flame spectrum information is expressed in a matrix form:
  • the components of the domestic garbage are collected, including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, fabric, cellulose, bamboo, peel, and lignin.
  • the real-time detecting device and method for the living garbage component in the incinerator of the present invention collects information such as the combustion flame spectrum at each temperature and the actual combustion flame emission spectrum of the domestic garbage on the incinerator by collecting the single component of the domestic garbage, and calculating the flame by calculating the flame. Temperature, adjust the appropriate one-component flame emission spectrum, calculate the information of domestic garbage components with less error, and have the advantages of high efficiency, fastness, accuracy, real-time update, etc., which can realize the domestic garbage incinerator. Stable combustion, reducing pollutant emissions and efficient clean use of domestic waste.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a real-time detecting device for living garbage components in an incinerator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a wireframe flow chart of a method for real-time detection of domestic garbage components in an incinerator of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a spectrum diagram of the printing paper.
  • Figure 4 is a spectrum diagram of toilet paper.
  • Figure 5 is a spectrum diagram of the package paper.
  • Figure 6 is a spectrum of wood.
  • Figure 7 is a spectrum of bamboo.
  • Figure 8 is a spectrum diagram of bamboo leaves.
  • Figure 9 is a spectrum diagram of straw.
  • Figure 10 is a spectrum diagram of a banana peel.
  • Figure 11 is a spectrum diagram of orange peel.
  • Figure 12 is a spectrum diagram of cotton and linen.
  • Figure 13 is a spectrum diagram of a nonwoven fabric.
  • Figure 14 is a spectrum diagram of chemical fibers.
  • Figure 15 is a spectrum diagram of LDPE plastic.
  • Figure 16 is a spectrum diagram of PP plastic.
  • Figure 17 is a spectrum diagram of PVC plastic.
  • Figure 18 shows the actual flame spectrum of the 700t/d garbage stove and the flame spectrum after reconstruction.
  • the figures are marked as: 1, domestic garbage, 2, incinerator, 3, grate, 4, main combustion zone, 5, furnace wall, 6, observation hole, 7, fiber optic sensor, 8, spectrometer, 9, data line, 10. Industrial computer.
  • the real-time detecting device for the domestic garbage component in the incinerator of the present embodiment includes: an incinerator 2, a fiber optic sensor 7, a spectrometer 8, and an industrial computer 10.
  • the mixed domestic garbage 1 enters the incinerator 2 and is piled up on the grate 3 for burning; the observation hole 6 is located on the furnace wall 5 of the incinerator 2, the main combustion zone of the domestic garbage is located on the grate 3; the optical fiber sensor 7 passes through the observation hole 6.
  • the viewing angle is opposite to the main combustion zone 4; the optical fiber sensor 6 is connected to the spectrometer 8, and the spectrometer 8 is connected to the industrial computer 10 by the data line 9.
  • the working process of this embodiment is as follows: the domestic garbage 1 enters into the incinerator 2 and is accumulated on the grate 3 to be burned to form a main combustion zone 4; the optical fiber sensor 7 collects the flame in the main combustion zone 4 through the observation hole 6. And transmitting the optical signal to the spectrometer 8; the spectrometer 8 parses the transmitted optical signal to obtain a corresponding flame emission spectrum, and transmits the spectral information to the industrial computer 10 through the data line 9; the industrial computer 10
  • the domestic garbage component detection program outputs the domestic garbage component in the incinerator at the time point based on the spectral information.
  • the household waste component testing program includes the following processes:
  • step (3) calculating the flame temperature T according to the mixed garbage combustion flame spectrum information collected in step (2);
  • step (4) The equation of step (4) is solved by the least square method to obtain the proportion of each component in the domestic garbage.
  • Figures 3 to 17 show the emission spectra of 15 single-component waste combustion flames in domestic waste.
  • Figure 18 shows the flame emission spectrum of the main combustion zone during the actual operation of the selected 700T/D waste incinerator. The following table:
  • the present embodiment uses fiber optic sensors and spectrometers to obtain combustion flame spectrum information of domestic garbage in an incinerator, and based on the combustion flame spectrum of a single garbage component, collects the living garbage components in real time by collecting least squares; the domestic garbage is incinerated The flame is burned in the furnace, the flame light signal is collected by the fiber optic sensor, and the flame emission spectrum is obtained by the spectrometer, and the flame emission spectrum is transmitted to the industrial computer; the industrial computer uses the domestic garbage component detection program to analyze and detect the spectral information, and The result of the component of the burned domestic garbage is output; the living garbage component detecting program is a flame emission spectrum reconstruction program based on the least squares method, and the program first collects the single component of the domestic garbage to burn the flame spectrum at each temperature, and incinerates the furnace row.
  • the actual combustion flame emission spectrum of domestic garbage, etc. by calculating the flame temperature, adjusting the appropriate one-component flame emission spectrum, using the least squares method to calculate the information of the domestic waste component with less error; solving the fuel input of the waste power plant Lack of understanding of component information at the end Title, updated in real-time garbage incinerator component information, optimize the incinerator combustion, thereby achieving garbage clean and efficient use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，包括：光纤传感器，通过焚烧炉上的观察孔正对生活垃圾燃烧区的燃烧火焰；光谱仪，接收所述光纤传感器的光信号；工控机，接收所述光谱仪的数据，通过生活垃圾组分检测程序输出生活垃圾组分；所述生活垃圾组分检测程序利用光纤传感器和光谱仪得到焚烧炉内生活垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息，并基于单个垃圾组分的燃烧火焰光谱，实时检测生活垃圾组分；本发明还公开了一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法；本发明装置和方法较人工分类采样检测，具有高效、快捷、准确、能实时更新等优点，能实现生活垃圾焚烧炉的稳定燃烧，减少污染物排放以及生活垃圾的高效清洁利用。

Description

一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生活垃圾焚烧技术领域，特别涉及一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法。
背景技术
生活垃圾组分信息对于生活垃圾发电厂非常重要，通过生活垃圾的组分信息可以估算出锅炉的入炉热量，污染物排放量，对于生活垃圾焚烧炉的稳定燃烧以及生活垃圾高效清洁利用至关重要。现阶段大部分生活垃圾发电厂垃圾组分差异巨大，随机性大，即使经过破碎，其物理化学性质不像煤炭燃料那样稳定，将生活垃圾制作成成型的RDF又耗费巨额成本。
目前国内外获取生活垃圾组分的通用做法是在固定的周期内对库房中垃圾取样，我国常用的垃圾组分采样方法是四分法、剖面法、周边法和网格法(详见CJT313-2009生活垃圾采样和分析方法)，无论是哪一种方法，花费的人工成本、时间成本都很大，但是由于垃圾的随机性，所采样品所具的代表性不足，因此人工分类采样检测方法是一种较不可靠的检测方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，解决现有技术中生活垃圾需要人工采样分类检测的缺点和不足，检测结果更准确，检测过程也安全。
一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，包括：
光纤传感器，通过焚烧炉上的观察孔正对生活垃圾燃烧区的燃烧火焰；
光谱仪，接收所述光纤传感器的光信号；
工控机，接收所述光谱仪的数据，通过生活垃圾组分检测程序输出生活垃圾组分；
所述生活垃圾组分检测程序包括以下过程：
(1)采集生活垃圾各组分在垃圾焚烧炉内的常见温度(500℃～1200℃)下燃烧火焰发射光谱信息并保存在信息库；
(2)通过所述光谱仪采集的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息；
(3)根据步骤(2)采集到的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息计算火焰温度T；
温度的计算公式为
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000001
其中h为普朗克常量，h＝6.62606896(33)×10 -34J·s；C 0为真空光速，
C 0＝299792458m/s；K是玻尔兹曼常数，K＝1.38064852(79)×10 -23J/K；λ i为波长，单位是nm，在此式中取600～800nm；计算取T的最大值；
(4)设定需要检测的生活垃圾单组分个数为N，用X i表示第i种组分的占比，i＝1～N，则各单组分的占比表示为矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000002
调取步骤(2)计算得到的火焰温度T下的各单组份的火焰发射光谱信息
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000003
得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000004
(5)求解步骤(4)的方程求得生活垃圾中各组分占比。
本发明方法解决了垃圾发电厂对燃料输入端的组分信息了解的匮乏问题，能实时更新焚烧炉内垃圾组分信息，优化焚烧炉内燃烧状况，从而实现生活垃圾的清洁高效利用。
为了提高计算效率以及准确性，优选的，步骤(5)中，采用小二乘法求解步骤(4)中的方程，得出生活垃圾组分占比。求解具体如下：
步骤(4)的方程可表述为以下方程组：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000005
上述方程有N个未知数，有i个方程个数，由于生活垃圾单组份数量有限，而在计算时光谱波长取范围200～1800nm之间(i＝1600)，所以该方 程组是一个超定方程组，一般情况下，超定方程组无解，只能取近似值，即：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000006
或
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000007
按照最小二乘法规则，
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000008
使∑(r i) 2最小的一组解叫做方程组的二乘解，也就是生活垃圾各组分的占比。
为了提高计算效率以及准确性，优选的，步骤(1)中，所述火焰光谱信息表示成矩阵形式：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000009
其中X表示单组份生活垃圾(例如：打印纸、卫生纸、木头、树叶香蕉皮、桔子皮、化工纤维、PP塑料等)；
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000010
表示在λ i波长(单位：nm，下同)下，t j温度(单位：℃，下同)下的火焰发射特征谱线强度。
为了提高计算效率以及准确性，优选的，步骤(1)中，采集生活垃圾各组分包括厨余类、纸类、塑料类、橡胶类、织物类、纤维素类、竹木类、果皮类以及木质素。
本发明还提供了一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)采集生活垃圾各组分在垃圾焚烧炉内的常见温度下燃烧火焰发射光谱信息并保存在信息库；
(2)通过光谱仪采集的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息；
(3)根据步骤(2)采集到的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息计算火焰温度T；
(4)设定需要检测的生活垃圾单组分个数为N，用X i表示第i种组分 的占比，i＝1～N，则各单组分的占比表示为矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000011
调取步骤(2)计算得到的火焰温度T下的各单组份的火焰发射光谱信息
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000012
得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000013
(5)求解步骤(4)的方程求得生活垃圾中各组分占比。
步骤(5)中，采用小二乘法求解步骤(4)中的方程，得出生活垃圾组分占比。
步骤(1)中，所述火焰光谱信息表示成矩阵形式：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000014
其中X表示单组份生活垃圾；
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000015
表示在λ i波长下，t j温度下的火焰发射特征谱线强度。
步骤(1)中，采集生活垃圾各组分包括厨余类、纸类、塑料类、橡胶类、织物类、纤维素类、竹木类、果皮类以及木质素。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法，通过采集生活垃圾各单组份在各个温度下燃烧发射火焰光谱、焚烧炉排上生活垃圾实际燃烧火焰发射光谱等信息，通过计算火焰温度，调取合适的单组份火焰发射光谱，计算出误差较小的生活垃圾组分信息，较人工分类采样检测，具有高效、快捷、准确、能实时更新等优点，能实现生活垃圾焚烧炉的稳定燃烧，减少污染物排放以及生活垃圾的高效清洁利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法的线框流程图。
图3为打印纸的光谱图。
图4为卫生纸的光谱图。
图5为包装袋纸的光谱图。
图6为木头的光谱图。
图7为竹子的光谱图。
图8为竹叶的光谱图。
图9为稻草的光谱图。
图10为香蕉皮的光谱图。
图11为橘子皮的光谱图。
图12为棉麻类的光谱图。
图13为无纺织纤维的光谱图。
图14为化工纤维的光谱图。
图15为LDPE塑料的光谱图。
图16为PP塑料的光谱图。
图17为PVC塑料的光谱图。
图18为700t/d垃圾炉实际火焰光谱及重建后的火焰光谱
图中标记为：1、生活垃圾，2、焚烧炉，3、炉排，4、主燃烧区，5、炉墙，6、观察孔，7、光纤传感器，8、光谱仪，9、数据线，10、工控机。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本实施例的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置包括：焚烧炉2、光纤传感器7、光谱仪8、工控机10。混合生活垃圾1进入到焚烧炉2内，并堆积在炉排3上燃烧；观察孔6位于焚烧炉2的炉墙5上，生活垃圾主燃烧区位于炉排3上；光纤传感器7通过观察孔6，视角正对主燃烧区4；光纤传感器6与光谱仪8连接，光谱仪8与工控机10用数据线9连接。
本实施例的工作过程如下：生活垃圾1从进入到焚烧炉2中，并堆积在炉排3上燃烧，形成主燃烧区4；光纤传感器7透过观察孔6采集主燃烧区4中的火焰的光信号，并将光信号通过传递到光谱仪8中；光谱仪8解析传递过来的光信号，得到与之对应的火焰发射光谱，并通过数据线9将光谱信息传递到工控机10；工控机10中的生活垃圾组分检测程序依据光谱信息输出该时间点焚烧炉中生活垃圾组分。
如图2所示，生活垃圾组分检测程序包括以下过程：
(1)采集生活垃圾各组分在垃圾焚烧炉内的常见温度下燃烧火焰发射光谱信息并保存在信息库，火焰光谱信息表示成矩阵形式：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000016
其中X表示单组份生活垃圾；
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000017
表示在λ i波长下，t j温度下的火焰发射特征谱线强度。
(2)通过所述光谱仪采集的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息；
(3)根据步骤(2)采集到的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息计算火焰温度T；
温度的计算公式为
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000018
其中h为普朗克常量，h＝6.62606896(33)×10 -34J·s；C 0为真空光速，C 0＝299792458m/s；K是玻尔兹曼常数，K＝1.38064852(79)×10 -23J/K；λ i为波长，单位是nm，在此式中取600～800nm；计算取T的最大值；
(4)设定需要检测的生活垃圾单组分个数为N，用X i(i＝1～N)表示第i种组分的占比，则各单组分的占比表示为矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000019
调取步骤(2)计算得到的火焰温度T下的各单组份的火焰发射光谱信息
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000020
得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000021
(5)采用小二乘法求解步骤(4)的方程求得生活垃圾中各组分占比。
图3～17所示为生活垃圾中15种单组份垃圾燃烧火焰发射光谱，图18所示为选取的700T/D垃圾焚烧炉实际运行过程中主燃烧区的火焰发射光谱，检测程序输出结果如下表：
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-000023
综上所述，本实施例利用光纤传感器和光谱仪得到焚烧炉内生活垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息，并基于单个垃圾组分的燃烧火焰光谱，集合最小二乘法实时检测生活垃圾组分；生活垃圾在焚烧炉内燃烧产生火焰，利用光纤传感器采集火焰光信号，并通过光谱仪得到火焰发射光谱，并将火焰发射光谱传输至工控机；工控机利用生活垃圾组分检测程序对得到光谱信息进行分析检测，并输出燃烧的生活垃圾的组分结果；生活垃圾组分检测程序是基于最小二乘法的火焰发射光谱重建程序，程序先采集生活垃圾各单组份在各个温度下燃烧发射火焰光谱、焚烧炉排上生活垃圾实际燃烧火焰发射光谱等信息，通过计算火焰温度，调取合适的单组份火焰发射光谱，利用最小二乘法计算出误差较小的生活垃圾组分信息；解决了垃圾发电厂对燃料输入端的组分信息了解的匮乏问题，能实时更新焚烧炉内垃圾组分信息，优化焚烧炉内燃烧状况，从而实现生活垃圾的清洁高效利用。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    光纤传感器，通过焚烧炉上的观察孔正对生活垃圾燃烧区的燃烧火焰；
    光谱仪，接收所述光纤传感器的光信号；
    工控机，接收所述光谱仪的数据，通过生活垃圾组分检测程序输出生活垃圾组分；
    所述生活垃圾组分检测程序包括以下过程：
    (1)采集生活垃圾各组分在垃圾焚烧炉内的常见温度下燃烧火焰发射光谱信息并保存在信息库；
    (2)通过所述光谱仪采集的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息；
    (3)根据步骤(2)采集到的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息计算火焰温度T；
    (4)设定需要检测的生活垃圾单组分个数为N，用X i表示第i种组分的占比，i＝1～N，则各单组分的占比表示为矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100001
    调取步骤(2)计算得到的火焰温度T下的各单组份的火焰发射光谱信息
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100002
    得到方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100003
    (5)求解步骤(4)的方程求得生活垃圾中各组分占比。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，采用小二乘法求解步骤(4)中的方程，得出生活垃圾组分占比。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述火焰光谱信息表示成矩阵形式：
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100004
    其中X表示单组份生活垃圾；
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100005
    表示在λ i波长下，t j温度下的火焰发射特征谱线强度。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，采集生活垃圾各组分包括厨余类、纸类、塑料类、橡胶类、织物类、纤维素类、竹木类、果皮类以及木质素。
  5. 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)采集生活垃圾各组分在垃圾焚烧炉内的常见温度下燃烧火焰发射光谱信息并保存在信息库；
    (2)通过光谱仪采集的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息；
    (3)根据步骤(2)采集到的混合垃圾燃烧火焰光谱信息计算火焰温度T；
    (4)设定需要检测的生活垃圾单组分个数为N，用X i表示第i种组分的占比，i＝1～N，则各单组分的占比表示为矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100006
    调取步骤(2)计算得到的火焰温度T下的各单组份的火焰发射光谱信息
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100007
    得到方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100008
    (5)求解步骤(4)的方程求得生活垃圾中各组分占比。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，采用小二乘法求解步骤(4)中的方程，得出生活垃圾组分占比。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述火焰光谱信息表示成矩阵形式：
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100009
    其中X表示单组份生活垃圾；
    Figure PCTCN2019074109-appb-100010
    表示在λ i波长下，t j温度下的火焰发射特征谱线强度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测方法，其特 征在于，步骤(1)中，采集生活垃圾各组分包括厨余类、纸类、塑料类、橡胶类、织物类、纤维素类、竹木类、果皮类以及木质素。
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