Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
  • A01M23/00—Traps for animals
  • A01M23/38—Electric traps
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
  • A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K3/00—Pasturing equipment, e.g. tethering devices; Grids for preventing cattle from straying; Electrified wire fencing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
  • H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
  • H05C1/04—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages
  • H05C1/06—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages operating only when touched

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a device for activating and shutting off electrical circuits for ensuring the safety of horizontal and current-leading rails and wires as well as mainly vertically standing current-leading sheets and rails for dispelling pests and vermin.
• Pests and vermin in the form of animals moving mainly on the ground may be prevented from entering a geographical area by using a device comprising a source for electricity and where said source of electricity is connected to a number of electrically uninsulated current-leading wires, said current-leading wire(s) being placed on the ground, or alternatively or additionally in one embodiment to an object at a maximum distance from the ground of maximally about 50 cm above the ground for creating a current-leading obstacle against entry of such pests or vermin into said area, even if this does not represent any limitation for the scope of use for the device according to the invention.
• pests or vermin such as rodents (mice, rats, etc.), insects (cockroaches, beetles, ants, termites, etc.), spineless animals/nematodes (snails, etc.) and reptiles (snakes, geckos, etc.) are able to cause great damage to buildings, storehouses, installations, etc. as well as to transmit diseases or increase the fear of being outdoors.
• Many humanly erected buildings and installations such as food stores, corn silos, restaurants, schools, kindergartens, parks, transport vehicles (ships, cars, planes), etc. may be the target of attacks from, or the residence of, pests or vermin that may cause damage to the stored objects (food, corn, etc.), the inventory in the installations (furniture, electrical systems, wires, etc.) or the installations per se (wooden beams (loadbearing or scaffolding), insulation, etc.). Consequently it is of importance that such pests or vermin are prevented from access to such buildings and installations.
• insects when controlling insect pests (cockroaches, carpenter ants, termites, etc.) it may be relevant to euthanize the vermin/pest instead of only preventing its access to one area (larder, food storage, kitchen, etc.).
• larger rodents such as moles may cause damage to crops such as carrots, turnips, potatoes, cabbages, etc. and it may also be desired to keep such animals away from the relevant crop (at least until it has been harvested and after harvesting when the harvest is being stored in storage buildings).
• Another aspect of controlling pests and vermin is that the pests or vermin normally exist within a natural environment, a so-called biotope.
• biotope By e.g. removing rodents from a natural habitat the food basis for predators within the same area is removed. This may have as a consequence that animal species lose their existence foundation on account of human intervention in a natural balance.
• a formerly known device having as an object to prevent pests or vermin from entering private houses is an electrical generator of ultrasound where the ultrasound is perceived as unpleasant or frightening for the pests or vermin, but where the frequency interval of the generated ultrasound lies in an interval that is inaudible for the human ear.
• a disadvantage with such a generator is that the generated sound after a while is no longer perceived as sufficiently unpleasant or frightening to the vermin or pests since the relevant vermin or pests become accustomed to the sound over time.
• insects are based on the circumstance that many insects (mosquitoes, night moths, moths, etc.) are attracted to light and heat
• insects react to, and are attracted to, radiation in the infrared spectrum
• any source of light By connecting the source of light to e.g. an electricity-conducting grid or mesh, the insects will become killed when flying to the light source.
• Such devices are, however, not meant for larger pests or vermin such as mammals (rodents and animals of a corresponding size).
• devices are known from WO 2004 21780, US patent 4.165.577 and US patent 6.223.464 where electricity-conducting wires are used for killing ants/termites, wherein two electricity-conducting wires are passed parallel and in proximity to each other under an overhang where the ants are forced to pass the overhang and thereby contact the electricity-conducting wires for thereby to be killed by an electrical shock.
• the basis for the device/system according to the present invention is that a size is selected for the pests/vermin towards which the dismissing system is to be active and for smaller animals so that the dismissing system is to be active against rats and animals of a smaller size such as mice, snakes, non-flying insects, etc. so that the electricity for dismissing such pests/vermin is passed to the relevant non- insulated rails or wires that will be touched, as long as animals that are smaller than a previously selected size are moving about in the area where the dismissing system/device is located.
• the electricity may be regulated to be adjusted to the size of the pests/vermin that are to be dismissed.
• Previously electrical fences comprising a number of vertical poles/fence posts where there electrically conducting wires run between the fence posts/poles, where touching these wires leads to the experience of an electrical jolt for the individual touching the wires.
• Such fences are frequently used in outfields or domesticated fields for fencing in horses, cattle, sheep or goats within a restricted area such as a training area (horses) or a crop area (cattle) or even simply an area for the animals to be kept.
• electrical fences are structured to keep the relevant domesticated animals inside an area and are not meant or structured to keep pests/vermin outside an area so that the height of the electrical wires is far taller than the height of the wires in the dismissal system used in doorways as explained supra, and the electrical wires are not at all located on the ground or run horizontally as is relevant for the device/system according to the present invention.
• the electrical current which is conducted in wires in electrical fences is additionally of a constant voltage and amperage, is conducted continuously and is not varied in any way.
• electrical fences used and constructed today are not suitable for the same purposes as the electrically-conducting wires in the dismissing device/system according to the present invention, as will be explained infra.
• doors/gates represent openings into buildings or restricted areas where humans and animals that move about have to pass by moving on the ground, in such areas it is sufficient to place the dismissing device/system in the form of electrically-conducting non-insulated rails/wires running horizontally between the door or gate sides.
• the device/system according to the present invention may form such a sluice where the pests/vermin do not, or are very reluctant to, pass beyond the borders of the sluice.
• the electrically-conducting device comprises a cloth or sheet of an electrically non-conducing material such as silicon-covered cloth, wherein the electrically conducting and electrically non-insulated wires are secured to the ground in the lengthwise direction of the sheet so that the wires run mainly parallel to the ground.
• Fig. 1 shows an excerpt of an embodiment of a horizontal listing according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a possible wiring diagram for the current conduction in two electrical circuits S1,S2, said electrical circuits governing which one of the circuits, whereof one includes current-conducting and non-insulated wires or lists S3, and the second circuit comprises at least insulated wires S4 through which the electrical current is conducted, that are to be activated.
• the present invention concerns a device of the type defined in claim 1. Further- more, the invention concerns the use of such a device for keeping pests and vermin outside of a geographical area.
• the invention also concerns embodiments wherein the device comprises a gate listing/threshold listing running mainly horizontally between the frames of a door or gate opening, alternatively comprising a sheet or strip having mainly the same structures as the threshold listing, but wherein the sheet or strip stands vertically and runs over a geographical area such as a play- ground, a garbage shed, a cultivated area, etc. or combinations thereof.
• the invention also pertains a system wherein such a device is included, where said system also comprises a photo cell 7 and a photo emitter 8 sending light 9 to the photo cell 7, said photo cell 7 controlling which one of the said electrical circuits S1,S2 comprising current-conducting insulated wires S4 or non-insulated wires S3, that is to be activated.
• said system also comprises a photo cell 7 and a photo emitter 8 sending light 9 to the photo cell 7, said photo cell 7 controlling which one of the said electrical circuits S1,S2 comprising current-conducting insulated wires S4 or non-insulated wires S3, that is to be activated.
• a living creature to register an electrical jolt (frightening or euthanizing), it must in one way or another short out or close an electrical circuit. This may be achieved in principally three ways.
• One way is that electrical current is conducted in two (non-insulated) wires wherein the animals short-circuit these wires by touching both of them simultaneously and wherein the animal is of such a character that it is able to conduct electrical current and is capable of feeling this electrical current.
• the second way is that the animal completes an electrical circuit by it touching two wire ends or earth for thereby completing an electrical circuit wherein electrical current may be conducted.
• the third way is for the animal to come into an electrical high-voltage field for functioning as a bridge where a spark may arise discharging the electrical field.
• the device according to the present invention may take advantage of all these alternatives, but will preferably use the option wherein the animal shorts out an electrical circuit by touching at least two electrically conducting and non-insulated wires 2, 2', 2" simultaneously or by touching such a wire 2 while the animal is simultaneously electrically grounded.
• the device according to the present invention comprises a number of non-insulated and electrical current-conducting wires, rails or listings 2, 2', 2" which are located on top of a substrate 1 of an electrically non-conducting or electrically insulating type such as plastic, ceramics, wood or similar or that has been made electrically non- conducting by being covered with such an electrically non-conducting or insulating material.
• the substrate may in this connection be in the form of a rigid material for making a threshold listing, door listing or gate listing, or it may be made of a more pliable or supple material such as a cloth material being covered or clad with an insulating material such as e.g. silicon or some other polymeric material/plastic material.
• the device is a cloth or sheet of material being used outdoors (e.g. in gates, outdoors gates, etc. there will be put demands on the pliability or suppleness of the sheet or cloth so that it may e.g. be passed around an area such as a garbage container, a sand-box for playing, a storage room or shed, etc.).
• a suppleness or pliability should be present in the electrically insulating material in hot (up to 40 °C) conditions as well as cold (down to -40 °C) weather conditions.
• the listings 1,1' ,1" are preferably non-covered and open in the entire length of the device.
• the length of the device is arbitrary, but will in one embodiment cover at least the width of a door opening or gate opening where it is located. It is preferred that the threshold listing is also somewhat wider than the door opening where it is to be located so that the ends of the threshold listing may ascend along the door frames (not shown).
• the device according to the invention may also include heating elements 10 that may heat the device. This embodiment is suitable for locations where there exists a possibility for the device to be covered with snow and/or ice so that the electrically conducting listings 1,1' ,1" will be continuously short-circuited. The location of a heat listing, a heating element, a heating plate, etc.
• the electrical circuit S4 may in one embodiment conduct electrical current that may provide energy to such a heat listing or warming plate 10.
• the heating listing, the heating element or heating plate 10 may alternatively get energy from another source.
• the substrate in the device should not be wetted by water/be water repellent to the extent that such a cloth may be placed outdoors and thereby be exposed to precipitation in the form of rain, sleet, ice or snow that may short-circuit the electrical circuits between the current-conducting non- insulated rails/wires 2, 2', 2".
• One possible such material may be a silicone-covered cloth.
• the threads used in the seams also are of a corresponding or the same water-repellent material.
• the design of the gate listing/threshold listing according to the invention is preferably in a form that may lead water away. This may be achieved by including an elevated area or section along its lengthwise mid-section for leading water towards the edges of the threshold listing and further into the environment, or it may be equipped with grooves wherein water may collect and be led away. It is furthermore preferred in one embodiment that the substrate material 1 of the device is made of a water-repellent and electrically insulating material such as a hydrophobic plastic material e.g. polyethylene (PE), PVC (polyvinylchloride), PU (polyurethane), PTF (polyterephthalate), silicone etc. or compositions thereof. Glazed ceramics is another material that may be used, but will normally be too rigid or stiff to be preferred.
• a hydrophobic plastic material e.g. polyethylene (PE), PVC (polyvinylchloride), PU (polyurethane), PTF (polyterephthalate), silicone etc. or compositions thereof
• the device in the form of a threshold listing/gate listing or a cloth according to the invention may in one form of use enclose an area or an object or may reside in an opening where pests or vermin are to be deterred from entering.
• the device is equipped with electrical current-conducting wires 3 and listings 2,2'2", said wires 3 and listings 2, 2', 2" being connected to an electrical source for direct current or alternating current.
• the current-conducting and non-insulated wires or lists 2, 2', 2" in the device according to the invention will in one embodiment be insulated from each other (e.g. by being equipped with insulating material between the wires or being placed at a distance from each other so that the electrically-conducting parts of the device do not touch each other).
• the non-insulated wires 1,1' ,1" will be placed at a distance from each other sufficiently close to ensure that touching one wire automatically leads to touching another wire simultaneously as well so that an electrical circuit is established by the touch.
• the distance between the non-insulated parts of the current-conducting rails or wires 2, 2', 2" may in such an embodiment be a reciprocal distance from each other within the interval 0.5 - 10 mm, wherein the distance between the rails/wires 2, 2', 2" in this connection represents the length of an imaginary line drawn perpendicularly between two points on each rail or wire that are opposite each other. In such an embodiment there will run at least two electrically conducting rails/wires 2, 2', 2" in the device.
• the conductivity of an organism is to a certain degree dependent on the fluid/liquid content of the organism. Mammals normally have a water content of between 75- 90% (w/w) calculated on the weight of the animal, normally with a number of electrolytes such as salt ions, so that they are suitable for conducting electrical current.
• the conductivity for electrical current in an organism is also to a certain degree connected to the surface condition of the animal (dry/moist/wet). Electricity conducted through an individual may be dangerous and perceived as unpleasant for different reasons. Animals and persons with a nerve system where the nerve impulses are conducted in nerve networks as electrical impulses are sensitive for externally supplied electrical current.
• Externally supplied electrical current may over-stimulate the muscles and negate the natural nerve impulses being conducted via the somatic or the will-controlled nerve system as well as the autonomous or non-will-controlled nerve system.
• the amperage is about 100 milliamperes (mA).
• the least lethal amperage for humans lies normally within the interval 100-300 mA.
• the voltage is in this connection not of great importance since an individual may well survive an electrical current jolt with a voltage of several thousand volts (V) as long as the amperage is not particularly large (below said amperage of 100 mA, e.g. less than 10 mA or less than 5 mA such as within the interval 1 to 10 mA or 5 - 10 mA).
• V thousand volts
• amperages within this interval may be used in a device and system according to the present invention, since the device and system according to the present invention has as one of its objectives to distinguish smaller organisms (rodents, insects, reptiles, etc.) and larger organisms (pets such as cats and dogs, domestic animals such as pigs, cows, horses, etc.) as well as humans (adults as well as children).
• the current intervals (amperage and voltage) mentioned supra refer to direct current. Alternating current is perceived much more intensively since the polarization in such alternating electrical current changes continuously. Within a commercial current network using e.g. a voltage of 110 - 220 V, it is standard to use alternating electrical current of about 50-60 Hz, i.e. the polarity of the electrical current changes 50 to 60 times per second. If such an electrical current passes through an animal with a nerve system, the muscle contractions caused by this alternating electrical current will vary correspondingly, being perceived as if the muscle contractions are completely out of control (which they are). Both the voltage and frequency in commercial electrical current grids in different countries may vary.
• the voltage used in the device and system according to the invention may vary depending on the type of device and system that is relevant based on a practical perspective. If a condenser principle is used to deter animals from entering into a geographical area (see supra) it may be relevant to use a voltage of several thousand volts down to about 1.5 V, e.g. 50000 V and below, e.g. 40000 V, 30000 V, 20000 V,
• the lower voltages of 86 V and below may also be relevant for direct current where there may be used e.g. one or more batteries). In connection with alternating current it will be possible to transform the voltage being used in the system into an appropriate voltage.
• tissue damage Another type of damage that may be inflicted on biological tissue by a current running through the tissue is tissue damage that may give rise to so-called
• Such damage is inflicted on a cellular level and affects the cells so that the inflicted tissue dies.
• tissue damage may in posterity also be the cause of secondary damage by dead tissue becoming attacked by and/or eaten by e.g. bacteria, yeast or virus. Damage by electroporation may be particularly relevant for organisms with a high water content and with a moist surface such as snails.
• the touching per se of electrical objects by the relevant animal is of relevance in relation to whether or not the animal is to be deterred/scared or euthanized.
• the touching of an active non-insulated live electrical wire and earth or two electrical wires of opposite polarity simultaneously, where the touching points lie at opposite ends of the animal (e.g. front and back leg) will normally conduct electrical current through the entire body of the animal (having as a consequence that e.g. the heart of the animal stops beating).
• the touching of such wires by two fingers or toes will not lead electrical current through the body of the animal, but only through those parts that touch the wires. This may be used when designing the threshold listing according to the invention in such a way that the relevant animal is scared away from the door/gate opening.
• Animals with a dry surface and that are relatively large e.g. predators such as bears, wolves, hyenas, lions, etc. or reptiles such as snakes
• Animals with a moist surface e.g. predators such as bears, wolves, hyenas, lions, etc. or reptiles such as snakes
• a moist surface e.g.
• nematodes/snails or smaller animals with an electrically conducting exoskeleton (insects such as ants, termites, grasshoppers, etc.).
• it may be appropriate to regulate the electrical current by e.g. including a converter/trans- former in the electrical circuit and/or equip the electrical circuit with an adjustable electrical resistance.
• the voltage of an electrical circuit may be controlled by regulating the electrical resistance in the circuit as long as the amperage of the circuit is constant or the amperage of a circuit may be varied by using an adjustable resistance if the voltage is constant.
• the reason why electrical damage is often associated with high voltage is exactly that at a constant resistance a high voltage also indicates a high amperage (also taken from Ohm's Law).
• the amperage in an electrical circuit is related to the number of free electrons that may be transported by the circuit, where the electrons run from the negative to the positive pole of the circuit, whereas the current runs from the positive to the negative pole.
• the properties of a material to function as an electrical insulator or an electrical conductor are related to the material's ability to supply the electrical circuit with free electrons.
• Metals with free electrons in a metallic molecular structure or grid as well as liquids with positively or negatively charged ions are normally good electrical conductors. This is one of the reasons why it is desirable to keep the threshold and gate list according to the invention dry.
• Air is considered to be a good insulator since the main components of air (mainly molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen and a small amount of carbon dioxide as well as traces of other gases such as hydrogen, helium, noble gases, etc.) do not have or liberate with difficulty free electrons, and consequently do not give rise to any electrical current.
• the voltage of electrical fields in air may be high (see supra) but will not be harmful or lethal since there initially do not travel any electrons between the poles associated with air.
• the property of conducting electrical current in a capacitor/condenser depends on the distance between the condenser plates and this property increases or diminishes proportionally with the square of the distance between the condenser plates.
• an electrical conductor is placed between the poles of such an electrical field, where the electrical conductor is able to liberate free electrons, the distance between the condenser plates becomes in practice reduced and an electrical current will run through the condenser with a strength associated with the conductor's capacity of supplying free electrons.
• the electrical conductor e.g. is an animal, the animals need not be euthanized by placing it in an electrical field of such an electrical circuit based on the animal's capability of supplying free electrons between the electrical poles of the condenser.
• the threshold listing according to the invention makes it possible for the threshold listing according to the invention to use an electrical field between the electrical conductors as well as electrically-conducting wires, since an electrical field is equally well suited for scaring or dismissing animals if the animal completes an electrical circuit by its very existence between the electrical poles of the electrical field.
• the electrical current used in the device and system according to the invention may be direct current or alternating current depending on the source of the electrical current. If the electrical current originates from a commercial electricity grid of a local generator/emergency aggregate, the current will normally be of an alternating type, whereas the current will be of a direct type if it originates from e.g. a battery or a solar panel. Alternating current may be converted to direct current by using a rectifier. As a source for direct electrical current it may be used single batteries or batteries connected to each other in parallel or series. There may e.g. be used a battery or batteries with a voltage of 1.5 V, 9 V, 12 V or 24 V.
• the electrically-conducting wires may also be coupled in an electrical circuit in parallel or series.
• the circuits S3 wherein the electrically conducting rails 2, 2', 2" are present preferably are wired in parallel with the circuits S4 for the insulated circuits 3 conducting electrical current. Such a wiring will make it possible to control which one of the circuits S3 or S4 or both simultaneously that conduct the electrical current.
• One or both of the circuits S3 or S4 may also comprise a signal such as a light signal showing whether or not electrical current runs in the circuit.
• the electrical circuit S4 comprise the electrically isolated wires 3 in the device according to the invention, conduct electrical current continuously and let the switch SI be the switch determining whether electrical current is to be passed in the non-insulated wires or rails 1,1' ,1" in the circuit S3. Since these circuits in one embodiment are connected in parallel the voltage over the circuit branches will equal each other. Alternatively in a different embodiment it may be possible to connect the switches S1,S2 in cooperation with each other so that it will be possible to control which one of the circuits S3 and/or S4 that are to conduct electrical current or if the device according to the invention is to be current-free by both the switches S1,S2 being disconnected.
• Such alternatives may be controlled by the photocell 7,8 that may register e.g. movement in the area around the threshold listing 1.
• the photocell 7,8 will register movement at a distance above the threshold listing 1.
• the photocell 7,8 registers movement, it will automatically disengage the electrical current to the device or alternatively disengage the electrical power supply to the circuit S3 comprising the non-insulated wi res/I istings/rai Is 2, 2', 2".
• the electrical current being passed through the non-insulated circuits 2, 2', 2" in the device and system according to the invention may in one embodiment be constant or may in another embodiment be variable. If the experienced effect to the electrical current is to be perceived more strongly by the individual touching the non-insulated electrical wires 2, 2', 2" (and thereby short out the relevant electrical circuit having been made electrically conducting by inactivating the registering device 8,9), the electrical current being passed through the wires/listings/rails 2, 2', 2" may be in the form of pulses or pulse trains. This means that the electrical current is varied between zero and the selected maximum value at intervals of e.g. 1000 pulses per minute.
• the electrical pulse train in the device or system according to the invention may vary from 0 to 10000 pulses per minute, e.g. from 100 to 5000 pulses per minute or from 500 to 10000 pulses per minute or from 700 to 1000 pulses per minute such as 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100,
• pulses per minute Such a pulse will be independent from whether it is used direct current or alternating current in the device or system.
• the electrically non-insulated wires 2, 2', 2" are in one embodiment completely separate from each other (e.g. by being equipped with electrically insulating material between themselves and/or by being located at a distance from each other so they do not touch each other).
• the electrically conducting wires and/or rails 2, 2', 2" will be located as close to each other that the touching of one of them automatically will have as a consequence that another one simultaneously is touched so that an electrical circuit is
• the distance between the non-insulated sections of the electrically conducting wires, rails or listings 2, 2', 2" in the device according to the invention will in one embodiment have a distance from each other in the interval 0.1 - 1.0 cm.
• the number of non-insulated wires, listings or rails 2, 2', 2" is arbitrary. A number of 3 is shown in the embodiment being present in Fig. 1. The number is normally at least one (in which case it is necessary to include touching of earth to ensure that the relevant organism experiences an electrical jolt), but will preferably include two or more.
• the vertical height of the photocell 7,8 is adjusted and determined. This is indicated in Fig. 1 by the aid of vertical arrows indicating that the light emitter 8 and the light receiver 9 may be varied vertically and that the height of the light beam 9 above the rails 1,1' ,1" thereby will determine if the circuit S3 is to be activated.
• the electrical current in the system will run through the wires in the circuit S4 when the light beam 9 in the photo receiver 7,8 registers movement in the area above the device/threshold listing according to the invention, whereas it will re-direct the electrical current to the circuit S3 when it does not register any movement.
• the photo-registering device 7,8 will be operated by a separate electrical circuit and will activate the device/threshold listing according to the invention when it registers movement in the area about the device/threshold listing.
• the photo-registering device 7,8 will be operated by a separate electrical circuit and will activate the device/threshold listing according to the invention when it registers movement in the area about the device/threshold listing.
• one, two or all of the circuits in the system according to the invention may be equipped with warning devices showing that one, two or all of the circuits of the system are engaged and are leading electrical current.
• the registration of animals or humans in the vicinity of the device/system according to the invention may also be conducted by other devices than a photo registrator.
• a registration may be accomplished with a temperature sensor or similar. It is, however, preferred that there is conducted electricity through the wires 2, 2', 2" as long as organisms exceeding a certain size are not registered and that he electrical current is switched off when such a registration is made by a surveillance device/ controlling mechanism for the system.
• the system according to the present invention for rejecting/controlling the entrance in geographical areas and buildings comprises a source for electricity and wherein said source for electricity is connected to a number of electrical current-conducting wires in addition to at least one device/threshold list/sheet as explained supra, therein the threshold list in one embodiment may be mounted on the surface of an electrically isolating substrate 1.
• the electrically isolating substrate 1 may be equipped with securing devices 4,5 such as holes for screws and/or may be on its underside be equipped with a tacky substance. It is also possible to secure the device according to the invention alternatively or additionally with clamps (not shown).
• the system according to the invention comprises a device according to the invention connected/wired into an electrical circuit for supplying electrical voltage to the electrically non-insulated wires and/or rails 2, 2', 2" as well as a photosensor 7,8,9 registering movement in the area about or over the threshold listing 1 as explained supra.
• a threshold listing and a sheet may also be connected to each other, wherein the photosensor 7,8,9 also controls the supply of electrical current to the wires/listings 2, 2', 2" in the sheet.
• the device according to the invention is a door listing/threshold listing/gate listing
• a listing may be embedded inside the threshold or the underlying material in such a way that that only the electricity- conducting and non-insulated wires/rails/listings 1,1' ,1" are exposed inside the threshold.
• the system and wiring may be as explained supra.
• Example 1 Infra there are provided examples of possible constructions of threshold devices and sheets according to the invention.
• This example concerns a threshold listing as shown in Fig. 1 with an optical sensor for detecting pests or vermin moving in the area from a floor surface and up to 10 cm above this surface.
• This threshold listing was placed as a threshold in a door between two rooms. The rooms could be closed so that the threshold listing was the only way between the two rooms, and the threshold listing was connected to an electrical circuit as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
• the threshold listing was made of plastic (polyethylene) and had two electrically non-insulated rails embedded into the plastic material so that the threshold listing displayed a smooth upper surface. This device was placed between the doorframes of a door for preventing the pests/vermin from passing the threshold listing.
• the non-insulated electricity- conducting rails were connected to a source for electrical current (220 V alternating electrical current transformed to 600 V and being passed through the wires in pulse trains of 600 pulses per minute) and were turned on and off as a response to measurements from the sensor so that organisms above the size of 10 cm in height would disconnect the electrical current through the threshold listing while the electrical current was pulsing continuously through the wires when a registering of organisms above this above-mentioned height was not made.
• Example 2 This example was conducted in the same way as in Example 1, but with mice as test animals (the same number as in Example 1). The surveillance was conducted in the same way. Here none of the mice passed the threshold listing during two days and two nights either.
• This example was conducted with a length of silicon-covered cloth wherein there were stitched electrically non-insulated electrically conducting wires in the lengthwise direction of the cloth with a distance between the wires of 0.5 cm.
• the wires in said cloth were connected to a source of electricity providing the same electrical pulses as explained in Example 1.
• Said cloth was secured to the walls in the one room (secured with sticky tape with the rear side of the cloth facing the wall of the room and with the electrically conducting and non-insulated wires facing outwears from the walls).

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

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• 2018
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