WO2019149147A1 - 一种基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法 - Google Patents
一种基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of ecological geological environment protection, in particular to a method for classifying ecological geological environment types based on coal resource development.
- Coal resources are an important natural resource. They are also the basic source of energy and materials for many industries such as steel, cement and chemicals. They account for more than 70% of China's one-time energy consumption structure. With the gradual depletion of coal resources in eastern China, the focus of the development of the coal industry has rapidly shifted to the western region of China. In the next 10 years, coal production in five western provinces including Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Xinjiang will exceed 70% of China's total coal production. However, the average annual rainfall in western China is sparse and the evaporation is huge. It belongs to arid-semi-arid regions, with poor water resources and fragile ecological environment.
- the ecological geological environment is to study the relationship between geological environment and ecology, including the impact of various geological bodies, geological processes, environmental changes, biological effects and biological activities (mainly human activities) on the geological environment.
- large-scale coal mining activities will have a major impact on the occurrence of water resources in aquifers. Due to surface cracking and subsidence caused by coal mining, serious water leakage may occur, resulting in a significant drop in diving water levels. The decline in the dive level will further affect the surface vegetation, as plants will not be able to absorb the moisture of the aquifer. As a result, if the diving water level continues to decline, the ecological geological environment may deteriorate.
- the factors affecting the ecological geological environment are complicated, and the various factors are related to each other and affect each other.
- the overall influence of each factor on the ecological geological environment is different.
- most factors affecting the ecological geological environment have data ambiguity and fuzzy evaluation criteria. Sex and other characteristics. Therefore, using the theory and method of fuzzy mathematics, using ArcGIS and MATLAB as the computing platform, the hierarchical structure model of the type of ecological geological environment is constructed to classify the ecological geological environment of the arid and semi-arid ecologically fragile areas in the west.
- the calculation of the weighting coefficients generated by the division results is: objective method and subjective method.
- the objective methods mainly include the following: entropy weight method, principal component analysis method, mean square error method, etc.; subjective methods mainly include the following: direct scoring method, expert scoring method, analytic hierarchy process, ring ratio scoring method, contrast sorting method, etc. .
- AHP analytic hierarchy process
- Fuzzy Delphi AHP is a comprehensive analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy evaluation principle and Delphi group decision-making method. It is a decision-making method that enables decision makers to fully participate in weight determination and analysis, and forms an interactive weight vector decision analysis process. Finally, the decision-making weight vector of the decision maker is satisfied. This decision-making interaction process can be carried out under any single criterion of the hierarchy, and this method allows the decision-maker to make unreasonable judgments, and the judgment matrix does not need consistency check. . Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more accurate quantitative evaluation for the classification of indicators, in order to provide a more accurate scientific basis for the rational division of the ecological geological environment.
- clustering is to divide the data into a specified number of clusters in a certain way, and finally make the elements in the same cluster class as small as possible, different clusters. The dissimilarity between the elements is as large as possible.
- clustering methods such as statistics, image processing, etc.
- These clustering algorithms mainly include model-based clustering algorithms, partitioned clustering algorithms, hierarchical clustering algorithms, etc. Algorithms have their own characteristics. The diversification and complexity of engineering problems determine that no algorithm can solve all problems.
- the clustering method of functions has been further developed and popularized.
- Fuzzy clustering belongs to this kind of algorithm. It is based on K-means clustering and introduces fuzzy theory. In the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, each attribute is added. The weight of the weighted fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is formed, which is more scientific and accurate.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for classifying ecological geological environment types based on coal resource development, to protect valuable aquifer water resources, maintain a fragile ecological geological environment, and select for mining area planning and mining methods.
- the basis for the extraction of work is of great significance for the realization of ecological and environmental protection in arid-semi-arid areas.
- a method for classifying ecological geological environment types based on coal resource development comprising the following steps:
- Step 1 Obtain regional ecological, hydrological and geological data
- Step 2 Establish a hierarchical structure model for the classification of ecological geological environment types
- Step 3 According to the data obtained in step one and the hierarchical structure model established in step two, select relevant factors affecting the ecological geological environment as the index, and obtain all the types of participation in the hierarchical structure model of the ecological geological environment classification in the area to be divided. Ecological, hydrological and geological data corresponding to the indicators;
- Step 4 Convert the relevant data of the obtained index obtained in step 3 into floating point data
- Step 5 using a normalization function to perform dimensionless processing on the floating point data in step 4;
- Step 6 Analyze and calculate the weight coefficients of each index by using the fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process
- Step 7 Combining the dimensionless data in step 5 with the weight coefficients described in step 6, and using the weighted fuzzy C-means clustering method to perform superimposed clustering calculation on the influencing factors;
- Step 8 According to the clustering calculation result in step 7 and the ecological, hydrological and geological characteristics of each index, analyze and discriminate, determine different types of ecological geological environment, and obtain a map of the type of ecological geological environment.
- the hierarchical structure model in the second step includes a target layer and an indicator layer, wherein the target layer is a total target of the ecological geological environment type division, and the indicator layer is an indicator for all participation types.
- f i is the i-th dimensionless processed data in each partitioning index
- a and b are the lower and upper limits of the normalized range, respectively, and there are n data in each partitioning index
- x i is The raw data before the i-th dimensionless in each partitioning index
- max(x i ) and min(x i ) are the maximum and minimum values of the raw data of each partitioning index.
- step 6 is specifically: using fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process, through consulting with experts on ecological, hydrological, and geological aspects, combined with the TLSaaty1-9 scale method, the overall importance of the relative ecological geological environment for each index. Scoring, establishing a fuzzy judgment matrix of the group, determining the group fuzzy weight vector, and finally calculating the weight coefficient of each division index by the single criterion weight analysis.
- step 6 specifically includes the following steps:
- Step 6.1 There are m division indicators to be judged and n related experts in the relevant fields.
- the relevant experts in the relevant fields are relatively important to the target level in the indicator layer under a certain criterion.
- Step 6.2 Construct a group of two-two fuzzy judgment matrix C that uses the triangular fuzzy number to represent the consulting experts in all relevant fields:
- min(B ij ⁇ k ) is the minimum value of the scores of the consulting experts in all relevant fields
- geomean(B ij ⁇ k ) is all related fields.
- the geometric mean of the scores of the consulting experts, max(B ij ⁇ k ) is the maximum value of the scores of the consulting experts in all relevant fields;
- Step 6.3 For each of all the partitioning indicators, the index F i is calculated, and the process calculation vector r i involved in the process of calculating the group fuzzy weight vector is:
- a 1 , a 2 , a 3 and b 1 , b 2 , b 3 are respectively any two real numbers.
- Step 6.4 The group fuzzy weight vector for any one of the partitioning indicators F i is:
- step seven includes the following steps:
- Step 7.2 calculating a weighted Euclidean distance d w-ij of the data point and the cluster center in each sample;
- Step 7.3 calculating a membership degree of each sample within the data relative to each cluster class
- Step 7.4 calculating a new cluster center matrix P
- Step 7.5 repeat steps 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.
- the t-th iteration calculates a new cluster center matrix P (t) and the t+1th iteration calculates a new one.
- the difference between the cluster center matrix P (t+1 ) is less than the given iteration termination threshold ⁇ , ie
- step 7.2 includes the following steps:
- the weight coefficient W i needs to satisfy the following formula:
- step 7.3 includes the following steps:
- Step 7.3.1 The new evaluation of the clustering performance error squared criterion function, that is, the new weighted objective function is:
- Step 7.2.2 Using the Lagrangian multiplier method, the new Lagrangian function constructed is:
- U is the fuzzy weighted partition matrix
- P is the new cluster center matrix
- u ij is the cluster membership degree of the jth data point to the cluster class G i
- c i is the clustering center of the corresponding fuzzy vector set
- ⁇ j is n constrained Lagrangian multipliers
- Step 7.3.3 The attribution of a data point to a cluster class is determined according to the principle of maximum membership degree, and the data point belongs to the cluster class with the largest degree of membership, and the expression is:
- the invention is based on the method of dividing the ecological geological environment type of coal resource development, which is to divide different types of ecological geological environment into arid and semi-arid areas with abundant coal resources and fragile ecological geological environment in northwest China, and draw out types of ecological geological environment. Partition map. In order to protect valuable aquifer water resources, maintain the original fragile ecological geological environment, and extract the basis for mining area planning and mining methods, it is of great significance to achieve ecological and environmental protection in arid-semi-arid areas.
- the invention can quickly and effectively classify different types of ecological geological environment according to the existing ecological hydrogeological data, determine the ecological geological characteristics of different types of ecological geological environment and their sensitivity to coal resource exploitation activities, thereby protecting
- the pleasing diving resources in arid and semi-arid areas provide a scientific basis for maintaining a fragile ecological environment while selecting appropriate coal mining methods to realize the development and utilization of coal resources. It is of great significance for water conservation and coal mining in the fragile areas of the northwest ecological environment.
- the invention combines the different geological environment and the ecological environment in the mining area, and distinguishes different types of ecological geological environment, so as to provide specific coal resource mining activities according to different ecological geological environment conditions, so as to achieve To realize the development of coal resources, we can reduce the damage to the surface ecological geological environment as much as possible, and lay the necessary foundation for the restoration and control of the surface ecological geological environment of the mining area, and realize the coordinated development of coal resource development and ecological geological environment protection. .
- Figure 2 is a hierarchical structure model of the classification of the ecological geological environment to be divided into regions;
- Figure 3 Thematic map of vegetation index in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 4 is a thematic map of the surface elevation in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 5 is a thematic map of the terrain slope in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 6 is a thematic map of surface lithology in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 7 is a thematic map of landform types in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 8 is a thematic map of the degree of influence of river network in the ecological geological environment
- Figure 9 is a thematic map of vegetation index normalization in the type of ecological geological environment.
- Figure 10 is a thematic map of surface elevation normalization in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 11 is a thematic map of terrain slope normalization in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 12 is a thematic map of surface lithology normalization in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 13 is a thematic map of geomorphology normalization in the type of ecological geological environment
- Figure 14 is a thematic map of the degree of influence of the river network in the ecological geological environment
- Figure 15 is a zoning map of the type of ecological geological environment.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- a method for dividing the type of ecological geological environment based on coal resource development includes the following steps:
- the target layer is the overall target of the classification of the ecological geological environment, and all the indicators of the participation type are used as the indicator layer;
- step 3 According to the data obtained in step 1 and the hierarchical structure model established in step 2, select the relevant factors affecting the ecological geological environment as the index, and obtain the indicators of all the participating types in the hierarchical structure model of the ecological geological environment classification in the area to be divided. Corresponding ecological, hydrological and geological data;
- step 3 The relevant data of the index obtained in step 3 is processed in ArcGIS into floating point type .flt data that can be read by MATLAB software;
- fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process through the consultation of experts in ecological, hydrological and geological aspects, combined with the TLSaaty1-9 scale method, the overall importance of the relative ecological geological environment is scored for each index, and the fuzzy of the group is established. Judging the matrix, determining the group fuzzy weight vector, and finally calculating the weight coefficient of each dividing indicator by the single criterion weight analysis;
- the clustering result stored in the text file (.txt) calculated in step 7 is opened in the ArcGIS software, combined with the clustering center value of each factor calculated in step 7, and according to each index
- the ecological, hydrological and geological characteristics are analyzed and discriminated, the types of different ecological geological environments are determined, and the ecological geological environment type map is obtained.
- Step 1 of the embodiment is specifically: extracting the vegetation index (NDVI) by remote sensing image, and selecting the image for Landsat8 satellite remote sensing data, according to the scope of the research area, selecting two data images through mosaic, when the satellite transits data collection, the research area The weather is fine, the sky does not cover a large area of the cloud, so the two pictures have a low cloud volume, high image quality, clear images, and a resolution of 30 meters.
- the ArcGIS10.5 spatial analysis function is used to extract the elevation and slope of the study area.
- the eco-geological environment type is divided into a target layer, a vegetation normalization index (F1), a surface elevation (F2), a terrain slope (F3), a surface lithology (F4), a landform type (F5),
- the river system (F6) is used as a dividing indicator to form a hierarchical structure model of the ecological geological environment to be divided, as shown in Figure 2.
- step 2 the ecological, hydrological, and geological data corresponding to the six divided indicators are extracted, and step 3 is continued.
- step 3 the ecological, hydrological and geological data of the area to be divided are imported into ArcGIS, and the single factor layer of each index is established, as shown in Fig. 3-8.
- step 4 the data in the shp format of the evaluation factor is converted into the grid data in the grid format in ArcGIS 10.5, and then converted into ftf.flt floating point type data of MATLAB, the conversion result contains two files, one is hdr
- the header file of the extension contains information such as the x, y coordinates, the grid size, the number of rows and columns of the raster in the lower left corner of the raster, and the other is the floating point data of the flt extension.
- step 5 in MATLAB, the read_AGaschdr function is used to read the indicators of the area to be divided, and the normalization function is used to normalize the factors to the dimension, and the normalized components are normalized as shown in Fig. 9-14.
- f i is the i-th dimensionless processed data in each partitioning index
- a and b are the lower and upper limits of the normalized range, respectively
- x i is the i-th dimensionless in each partitioning index
- max(x i ) and min(x i ) are the maximum and minimum values of the raw data of each partition indicator.
- Step 6 includes the following steps:
- step 7 the clustering function custom_fcm is improved, the attribute weight W i is added in the process of calculating the Euclidean distance, the clustering parameter is set, and the above normalization factor is clustered.
- the result is post-processed with the fprintf function.
- the information parameters such as the x, y coordinates and the number of rows and columns of the lower left corner of the raster obtained by reading the file are first rewritten into the header file, and then the calculated grid is output.
- the invention relates to a method for dividing an ecological geological environment type based on coal resource development, which is to divide different types of ecological geological environment into arid and semi-arid regions with abundant coal resources and fragile ecological geological environment in northwest China, and draw out Zoning map of ecological geological environment types.
- the method of the invention firstly collects and organizes many factors affecting the ecological geological environment on the basis of the investigation of regional ecological, hydrological, geological and other related materials, and uses the normalization function to dimensionless various factors; secondly, the use of fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weighting coefficient of each factor on the ecological geological environment.
- the weighted fuzzy C-means clustering method is used to superimpose and cluster the influencing factors to obtain three different types. Clustering results; Finally, the clustering results were processed by ArcGIS, and the different types of ecological geological environment were determined by clustering central value analysis of each factor.
- the invention can quickly and effectively classify different types of ecological geological environment according to the existing ecological hydrogeological data, determine the ecological geological characteristics of different types of ecological geological environment and their sensitivity to coal resource exploitation activities, thereby protecting The pleasing diving resources in arid and semi-arid areas provide a scientific basis for maintaining a fragile ecological environment while selecting appropriate coal mining methods to realize the development and utilization of coal resources. It is of great significance for water conservation and coal mining in the fragile areas of the northwest ecological environment.
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Claims (10)
- 一种基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤一、获取区域生态、水文、地质资料;步骤二、建立生态地质环境类型划分的层次结构模型;步骤三、根据步骤一获取的资料和步骤二中建立的层次结构模型,选取影响生态地质环境的相关因素作为划分指标,并获取待划分区域内生态地质环境类型划分层次结构模型中所有参与类型划分的划分指标所对应的生态、水文及地质数据;步骤四、将步骤三中所获取划分指标的相关数据转换成浮点型数据;步骤五、利用归一化函数对步骤四中所述浮点型数据进行无量纲化处理;步骤六、采用模糊德尔菲层次分析法分析计算出各个划分指标的权重系数;步骤七、将步骤五中无量纲化数据和步骤六中所述权重系数结合,利用加权模糊C均值聚类方法对影响因素进行叠加聚类计算;步骤八、根据步骤七中的聚类计算结果和各划分指标的生态、水文及地质特征进行分析判别,确定不同生态地质环境类型,得到生态地质环境类型分区图。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述层次结构模型包括目标层和指标层,所述的目标层为生态地质环境类型划分的总目标,所述指标层为所有参与类型划分的指标。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,所述归一化范围的下限a=0,所述归一化范围的上限b=1。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤六具体为:利用模糊德尔菲层次分析法,通过向有关生态、水文、地质方面的专家咨询,并结合T.L.Saaty 1-9标度法对各划分指标进行相对生态地质环境整体重要性评分,建立群体的模糊判断矩阵,确定群体模糊权重向量,最后单准则权重分析计算出各个划分指标的权重系数。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤六具体包括以下步骤:步骤6.1、设有m个要判断的划分指标以及n个相关领域的咨询专家,通过德尔菲专家调查法,相关领域咨询专家在某个准则下对指标层中的划分指标相对目标层的相对重要性程度的打分,第k个专家对第i个划分指标Fi以及第j个划分指标F j两个划分指标之间的相对重要程度判断B ij·k,其中i=1,2,……m,j=1,2,……m,k=1,2……n,确定第k个专家的两两比较判断矩阵B(k)=[B ij·k];其中,B ij·k=P i·k/P j·k,P i·k为第k个专家对第i个划分指标相对于目标层重要性的打分值;P j·k为第k个专家对第j个划分指标相对于目标层重要性的打分值;步骤6.2、构建用三角模糊数表示全部相关领域咨询专家的群体两两模糊判断矩阵C:C=[α ij,β ij,γ ij]=[B 1 B 2 … B m]式中,所述判断矩阵由α ij,β ij,γ ij三个计算元素组成,其中i=1……m,j=1……m,α ij≤β ij≤γ ij,α ij,β ij,γ ij∈[1/9,1]∪[1,9],所述计算元素α ij,β ij和γ ij由下式确定:α ij=min(B ij· k),k=1,2,...,n,γ ij=max(B ij·k),k=1,2,...,n,其中,k=1,2……n,n为相关领域咨询专家的总数,min(B ij·k)为全部相关领域咨询专家打分结果的最小值,geomean(B ij·k)为全部相关领域咨询专家打分结果的几何平均数,max(B ij·k)为全部相关领域咨询专家打分结果的最大值;步骤6.3、对于所有划分指标中的任意一个划分指标F i,计算群体模糊权重向量过程中涉及的过程计算向量r i:则确定任意一个划分指标F i群体模糊权重向量为:步骤6.4、对于任意一个划分指标F i的群体模糊权重向量为:则任意一个划分指标F i指标的权重系数W i经归一化处理后为:
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤七包括以下步骤:步骤7.1、给定包含n个d维向量数据的待聚类样本集合X,X={x 1,x 2,x 3,……x n},将样本集合分成c个簇类G i(i=1,…,c),i为第i个簇类,从样本数据中随机选取c个数据点作为初始的聚类中心,x k={x k1,x k2,x k3,…,x kd} T∈R d(k=1,…c),x kj为数据点x k的第j维属性的赋值,给定加权指数m、目标函数迭代终止阈值ε和迭代终止最大次数l的值;步骤7.2、计算各个样本内的数据点与聚类中心的加权欧式距离d w-ij;步骤7.3、计算每个样本内的数据相对于每个簇类的隶属度;步骤7.4、计算新的聚类中心矩阵P;步骤7.5、重复步骤7.2、7.3和7.4,对于各个样本指标内每个数据点,当第t次的迭代计算出新的聚类中心矩阵P (t)与第t+1次迭代计算出新的聚类中心矩阵P (t+1)的差值小于给定的迭代终止阈值ε,即||P (t+1)-P (t)||≤ε,或迭代次数达到给定的最大次数l时,停止计算。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤7.1中,加权指数m=2;迭代终止阈值ε取值0.001到0.01。
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤7.2包括以下步骤:步骤7.2.1、包含n个样本数据点x k(k=1,…,n)的样本集合X={x 1,x 2,x 3,…,x n},分成c个簇类G i(i=1,…,c),从各样本数据点x k(k=1,…,n)中任意选出c个数据点作为每个簇类的初始簇中心,x k={x k1,x k2,x k3,…,x kd} T∈R d(k=1,…c),其中x kj为数据点x k的第j维属性的赋值,分别计算每个样本内各数据点到初始簇类中心c i(i=1,…c)的距离,计算各样本内数据点到初始簇类中心的误差平方和;步骤7.2.2、对每个样本内数据点和初始簇类中心的欧式距离d ki=||x k-c i||乘以在步骤6.4中计算得出的权重系数W i加以修正,则:加权欧式距离d w-ij=d||x j-c i|| w=[(x j-c i) TW 2(x j-c i)] 1/2,其中,权重向量W由步骤6.4所述权重系数W i组成,所述权重向量W=[W 1,W 2,…,W i] T,(i=1……d),所述权重向量中权重系数W i需满足下式:
- 根据权利要求1所述基于煤炭资源开发的生态地质环境类型划分方法,其特征在于,步骤7.3包括以下步骤:步骤7.3.1、新的评价聚类性能的误差平方和准则函数,即新的加权目标函数为:步骤7.3.2、利用拉格朗日乘子法求解,构造出的新的拉格朗日函数为:式中,U为模糊加权划分矩阵,P为新的聚类中心矩阵,u ij是第j个数据点对簇类G i的聚类隶属度,c i是相应的模糊向量集的聚类中心,λ j为n个约束式的拉格朗日乘子;步骤7.3.3、一个数据点对某一簇类的归属是按照隶属度最大原则来确定的,所述数据点归属于隶属度最大的簇类,表达式为:
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| ZA202000342B (en) | 2021-08-25 |
| US20200234170A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
| CN108416686B (zh) | 2021-10-19 |
| AU2019214077B2 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
| CN108416686A (zh) | 2018-08-17 |
| AU2019214077A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
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