WO2019148696A1 - 新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉 - Google Patents

新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019148696A1
WO2019148696A1 PCT/CN2018/087906 CN2018087906W WO2019148696A1 WO 2019148696 A1 WO2019148696 A1 WO 2019148696A1 CN 2018087906 W CN2018087906 W CN 2018087906W WO 2019148696 A1 WO2019148696 A1 WO 2019148696A1
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Prior art keywords
shell
tube
waste heat
heat boiler
life
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PCT/CN2018/087906
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐桂根
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淄博洪基机械有限公司
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Publication of WO2019148696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148696A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B9/00—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
    • F22B9/10—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber
    • F22B9/12—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber the fire tubes being in substantially horizontal arrangement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of industrial waste heat recovery devices, and particularly relates to a novel long-life shell-and-tube waste heat boiler.
  • the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is the core equipment in the field of industrial waste heat recovery.
  • the traditional shell-and-tube waste heat boiler has the shortcoming of short service life. This is because the tube-shell waste heat boiler has a large temperature difference between the tube and the shell, which is traditionally used.
  • Sexual (thin) tube sheets in the hope of reducing the thermal stress in the tube and shell.
  • the immediately brittle liner in the inlet tube is cracked, thereby causing contact between the process gas and the tubesheet metal (including all metals on the tubesheet).
  • hydrogen especially hidden hydrogen
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the defect that the prior art shell-and-tube waste heat boiler has short service life, and provide a novel long-life shell-and-tube waste heat boiler, which improves the structure of the waste heat boiler and provides expansion on the shell cylinder.
  • a buffer device is arranged in the inlet box body, and a shell-side vibration damping device is arranged in the shell cylinder.
  • the thermal stress of the tube and shell side and the fatigue of the tube head are reduced, the deformation of the tube sheet is greatly reduced (almost no deformation), and the cracking of the lining can be effectively avoided, thereby fundamentally improving the operational reliability of the waste heat boiler. Achieve stability and long-term operation.
  • a novel long-life shell-and-tube type waste heat boiler includes a shell-side cylinder, and a tube plate is respectively disposed at two ends of the shell-side cylinder, and two heat exchange tubes are arranged between the two tube sheets, and two shell-shell cylinders are provided. The ends are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet tubes, and the inlet tube is internally provided with a buffer device.
  • the buffer device of the invention is arranged inside the inlet pipe box, and has a thick thickness, and has two functions: one can effectively slow down the impact of the process gas on the lining; the other is to play the role of the process gas.
  • the shell-side cylinder of the invention is provided with a shell-side damping device, and the heat-exchange tube passes through the shell-side damping device.
  • the shell-side vibration damping device of the present invention can reduce tube head fatigue caused by strong vibration generated by vaporization of the shell-side medium.
  • the shell-side vibration damping device of the present invention is preferably close to the tube sheet at the inlet tube box, and has the best vibration damping effect.
  • the shell-side damping device of the present invention can also be disposed at the same time near the tube sheet at the inlet tube box and near the outlet tube box.
  • Both the cushioning device and the shell-side damping device of the present invention are composed of a skeleton and a filler.
  • the inner wall of the inlet pipe box of the present invention is provided with a heat insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer of the present invention is prior art.
  • the shell barrel of the present invention is provided with an expansion joint.
  • the expansion joint of the present invention is preferably, but not limited to, mounted adjacent to the inlet header.
  • the expansion joint of the present invention is a prior art which is a temperature difference compensator, a flexible structure disposed on a container casing or pipe. It has the advantages of reliable operation, good performance and compact structure.
  • the dominant hydrogen working condition of the present invention means that in addition to the process gas, there is a certain amount of hydrogen in the tube process material.
  • the recessive hydrogen working condition of the present invention means that the tube process material contains a certain amount of hydrogen atoms (or ions) or contains a certain amount of hydrogen atoms (or ions) and a certain amount of hydrogen gas in addition to the process gas.
  • the process gas of the present invention refers to a gaseous material in a hydrogen working condition, such as a reformed gas, a flue gas, or the like.
  • the waste heat boiler of the present invention is sometimes also referred to as a waste heat boiler, a steam (gas) generator, a flue gas (or process gas) cooler, and the like.
  • the shell side material of the present invention can be water, water and steam or other industrial medium.
  • the invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, safe use and long service life.
  • the connection between the tube sheet and the heat exchange tube of the invention is not easy to be broken and has a long service life.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the hydrogen (especially recessive hydrogen) conditions of the petrochemical industry. It realizes safe, stable and long-term operation of waste heat boiler under the condition of hydrogen (especially hidden hydrogen).
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the tube sheet of the inlet tube box of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A of FIG. 2.
  • inlet pipe box As shown in the figure: 1. inlet pipe box; 2. insulation layer; 3. buffer device; 4. tube plate; 5. shell-side vibration damping device; 6. riser pipe; Plate; 9. outlet tube box; 10. heat exchange tube; 11. down tube; 12. expansion joint.
  • the left and right ends of the shell-side cylinder 7 are respectively provided with a tube plate 4 , a tube sheet 8 , an inlet tube box 1 , an outlet tube box 9 , and a shell tube body 7 .
  • a heat exchange tube 10 is disposed between the tube sheet 4 and the tube sheet 8.
  • the inner wall of the inlet tube box 1 is provided with a heat insulating layer 2, and a buffer device 3 is disposed therein, and the shell cylinder 7 near the inlet tube box 1 is provided.
  • An expansion joint 12 is disposed, and a shell-side vibration damping device 5 is disposed in the shell cylinder 7 near the tube sheet 4, and the heat exchange tube 10 passes through the shell-side vibration damping device 5.
  • Both the cushioning device 3 and the shell-side damping device 5 are composed of a skeleton and a filler.
  • the buffer device 3 can effectively slow down the impact of the process gas on the lining; the second is to mix the process gas.
  • the shell-side damping device 5 can reduce tube head fatigue caused by strong vibrations generated by vaporization of the shell-side medium.
  • the expansion joint 12 can effectively reduce the deformation (even no deformation) of the tube sheet and the thermal stress of the tube head.
  • the expansion joints may be provided at other positions of the shell casing or by providing two expansion joints.
  • the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily conceived within the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of protection defined by the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，包括壳程筒体（7），壳程筒体（7）两端内部分别设有管板（4），两块管板（4）之间设有换热管（10），壳程筒体（7）的两端分别与入口管箱（1）和出口管箱（9）连接，入口管箱（1）内部设有缓冲装置（3）。管板（4）与换热管（10）的连接不易失效、使用寿命长，尤其适用于石油化工行业的临氢工况，实现临氢，特别是隐性临氢工况下余热锅炉安全、稳定、长周期运行。

Description

新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉 技术领域
本发明属于工业余热回收装置领域，具体涉及一种新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉。
背景技术
管壳式余热锅炉是工业余热回收领域的核心设备，传统的管壳式余热锅炉存在使用寿命短的缺陷，这是由于管壳式余热锅炉使用时管、壳程温差大，传统上往往采用挠性(薄)管板，希望以此来降低管、壳程的热应力。但是由于挠性(薄)管板不可避免地产生变形导致入口管箱内又刚又脆的衬里开裂，从而引发过程气与管板金属(包括管板上的所有金属)的接触。尤其是在临氢(特别是隐性临氢)工况下会导致管头焊肉与管板的脱离，造成余热锅炉的失效。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术管壳式余热锅炉存在使用寿命短的缺陷，提供一种新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其改进了余热锅炉的结构，在壳程筒体上设置膨胀节，在入口箱体内设置缓冲装置，壳程筒体内设置壳程减振装置。减少了管、壳程的热应力和管头的疲劳，极大地降低了管板的变形(几乎不再变形)，可有效避免衬里的开裂，从而从根本上提高了余热锅炉的运行可靠性，实现安稳长满优地长周期运行。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
即一种新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，包括壳程筒体，壳程筒体两端内部分别设有管板，两块管板之间设有换热管，壳程筒体的两端分别与入口管箱和 出口管箱连接，其特征在于入口管箱内部设有缓冲装置。
本发明的缓冲装置设置在入口管箱内部，其厚度较厚，其作用有二：一是可以有效的减缓过程气对衬里的冲击；二是起调匀过程气的作用。
本发明的壳程筒体内设有壳程减振装置，换热管穿过壳程减振装置。
本发明的壳程减振装置可以减小壳程介质的汽化产生的强烈振动引发的管头疲劳。
本发明的壳程减振装置优选靠近入口管箱处的管板，其减振效果最佳。
本发明的壳程减振装置还可以同时设置在靠近入口管箱处的管板、靠近出口管箱处的管板。
本发明的缓冲装置和壳程减振装置均由骨架和填料组成。
本发明的入口管箱的内壁上设有隔热层。
本发明的隔热层为现有技术。
本发明的壳程筒体上设有膨胀节。
本发明的膨胀节优选但不限于安装在靠近入口管箱处。
本发明的膨胀节为现有技术，其为温差补偿器，设置在容器壳体或管道上的一种挠性结构。具有工作可靠、性能良好、结构紧凑等优点。
本发明的显性临氢工况指管程物料中除含有过程气外，还有一定量的氢气。
本发明的隐性临氢工况指管程物料中除含有过程气外，还含有一定量的氢原子(或者离子)或既含有一定量的氢原子(或者离子)又含有一定量的氢气。
本发明的过程气指临氢工况的气态物料，比如转化气、烟气等等。
本发明的余热锅炉有时也称作废热锅炉，蒸汽(气)发生器，烟气(或过程气)冷却器等等。
本发明的壳程物料可以是水、水和水蒸汽或其它工业介质。
本发明具有结构合理、使用安全、使用寿命长的优点。本发明的管板与换热管的连接不易失效、使用寿命长。本发明尤其适用于石油化工行业的临氢(尤其是隐性临氢)工况。实现临氢(特别是隐性临氢)工况下余热锅炉安全、稳定、长周期运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为图1中靠近入口管箱的管板处的局部放大结构示意图；
图3为图2中的A-A剖视结构示意图。
如图中所示：1.入口管箱；2.隔热层；3.缓冲装置；4.管板；5.壳程减振装置；6.上升管；7壳程筒体；8.管板；9.出口管箱；10.换热管；11.下降管；12.膨胀节。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明作进一步描述。
如图1、图2、图3所示：壳程筒体7的左、右两端分别设有管板4、管板8、入口管箱1、出口管箱9，壳程筒体7的上部设有两个上升管6，下部设有两个下降管11。管板4和管板8之间设有换热管10，入口管箱1的内壁上设有隔热层2，其内部设有缓冲装置3，靠近入口管箱1处的壳体筒体7设有膨胀节12，壳程筒体7内靠近管板4处内设有壳程减振装置5，换热管10穿过壳程减振装置5。缓冲装置3和壳程减振装置5均由骨架和填料组成。
本发明使用时，与现有技术的管壳式余热锅炉相同，过程气进入入口管箱1后，缓冲装置3一是可以有效的减缓过程气对衬里的冲击；二是可以调匀过程气。壳程减振装置5可以减小壳程介质的汽化产生的强烈振动引发的管头疲劳。膨胀节12可以有效地减小管板的变形(甚至不再变形)和管头热应力。
以上，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，例如膨胀节也可以设置在壳程筒体的其 他位置或设置两个膨胀节。本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，在任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或者替换，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求所界定的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，包括壳程筒体，壳程筒体两端内部分别设有管板，两块管板之间设有换热管，壳程筒体的两端分别与入口管箱和出口管箱连接，其特征在于入口管箱内部设有缓冲装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于壳程筒体内设有壳程减振装置，换热管穿过壳程减振装置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于壳程减振装置靠近入口管箱处的管板。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于壳程减振装置靠近出口管箱处的管板。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于缓冲装置和壳程减振装置均由骨架和填料组成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于入口管箱的内壁上设有隔热层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于壳程筒体上设有膨胀节。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉，其特征在于膨胀节安装在靠近入口管箱处。
PCT/CN2018/087906 2018-02-01 2018-05-22 新型长寿命的管壳式余热锅炉 WO2019148696A1 (zh)

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