WO2019147153A1

WO2019147153A1 - The process of air compression in the hydroelectric power plant

Info

Publication number: WO2019147153A1
Application number: PCT/RS2019/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tomislav TESLA
Original assignee: Tesla Tomislav
Priority date: 2018-01-25
Filing date: 2019-01-21
Publication date: 2019-08-01
Also published as: RS20180096A1

Abstract

The innovative hydroelectric power plant (1) works in the following way. The controlled operation of the air pumps (7) ensures a sufficient amount of compressed air (11) in the chamber (8) through the pump valve (33). The amount of required atmospheric air is provided through the opening (65) in the construction. The water (14) is placed in working chambers (17) with a level lower than the planned water level (39) in the pool (10). With the help of signalization, sensors, cameras (64), turbines (18) are gradually put into operation. The compressed air (11) output from the chamber (8) is controlled with the aid of the turbine valve (32). Turbines (18) have a regular amount of trapped air that drives them at a constant speed, by the lifting force. A reducer with a generator (19) utilizes the obtained mechanical energy from the turbine (18) through an appropriate transmission (59), and this way generating electricity. In this process of operation from the turbine (18), at the position (9) of the air release from the pool (10) when circulating in the predetermined working chambers (13). Released air (9) from the water through the air flow (3) point, withdraws towards the air pumps (7) where it is reused for pump (7) operation. Thus, the air (9) has a steady circular motion, which is used unlimited times for the described operation cycle of the innovative hydroelectric power plant (1).

Description

The process of air compression in the

hydroelectric power plant

The field of the technology to which the invention relates

The innovation presented here is a process of compression and air pumping into a liquid, using innovative air-pump chambers. Innovative chambers are placed in appropriate places in reinforced concrete or other similar construction. An innovative method enables the storage of atmospheric air below the liquid, the air is then under pressure. The air under pressure is then gradually released in the water for the innovative hydroelectric power plant constant operation needs. Then, the permanent work is established, it achieves a constant flow of air in the closed environment.

The basis of innovation, in order to efficiently produce a sufficient amount of air, which is then controllingly pumped to a certain depth, to the place of water stored in the pool. By setting the turbines to the pool, the buoyancy force is used to obtain mechanical energy. The achieved difference in mechanical energy is primarily used for the production of electricity, mechanical irrigation of the land, other commercial needs, industry, and mining. The established technical system is used in an efficient and economical manner, controlled by automation. Such use of work process would not harm the environment, it would produce clean and renewable electricity.

According to the International Patent Classification, the subject of the invention are marked with the basic classification symbol F03B 9/00 (2006.01), where are described mechanical construction with engines that cause infinite circular motion, in this case generating electricity without consuming additional fuel/energy. The additional classification symbol F03B 17/04 (2006.01) lists devices with technical solutions that use infinitely long work operation, Perpetuum mobile.

Technical problem

The current technology of using the potential of hydroelectric power plants in the world is already known. In the case of river flow, the river basin water drop is used. Respectively, from a place at a higher altitude to the lower altitude. The power of gravity is applied to captured water. Today, using this principle, many dams with reservoirs have been built around the world, which is mainly set up in the rivers in order to make water accumulation lakes, which are then used mainly for electricity generation and irrigation. Such a work process has an alternative with the application of here described innovative hydroelectric power plant with compressed air. By the gravity force on the place of vertical movement of the pump piston, the trapped air in the pump's cylinder is compressed and stored under the pool. Compressed air provides the difference of potential energy to the action of the lifting force. The effect of the buoyancy is created with the trapped air in the water at the position of the turbine paddles work. An established circular movement of air in the water provides to the innovative hydroelectric power plant enough potential energy for the production of electricity. Which is now produced from watercourses and other limited sources of energy.

Today's use of energy resources on the planet is for the technological advancement of humanity, at the place of residence and work of people, where it is necessary to provide a large amount of electricity. The disadvantage is that the available energy resources are getting fewer and the need for electricity is increasing. The use of energy resources on the planet and the production of electricity is now conditioned by the climate change. With the fluctuation situation of insufficient water flow in the rivers, and the lack of constant wind intensity in the wind farms area. Concerning the usage of limited resources from nature, which are now powering the operation of nuclear power plants or thermal power plants. Existing technology has a negative impact on the environment, it is unsustainable in the long run. By applying an innovative hydropower plant technology, nature would be cleaned and purified from existing pollutants. The production of electricity is then in a 100% ecological regime, the health of people and the environment is not compromised. Drinking water, water for irrigation, and electricity are producing in the future in a larger quantity than those needed by the population.

State of Technology

According to the technical state of the aforementioned patent solutions in the document on the review report, it can be noted, and by the solution number, state the following: US 20060064975 is a solution similar to many of the previous solutions that deal with the well-known principle of captured air in the water. Using this technology, the positive work effect is near to the initial parameters. So the technology is not economically justified for investment, because the input that is done makes a low difference in potential energy. Among other things, the turbine paddles create a significant energy loss when moving up and down, where the position of the turbine paddle with the leverage force strains the transmission. The turbine speed is low, and the low power generation is obtained. The achieved energy is used in a direct way, which is creating enormous and unnecessary losses. Unlike the innovative technology, which solved all of the listed shortcomings. The speed of the turbine is multiplied, the turbine paddles do not create resistance during their movement, etc. Air compression is amply explained, obtained on new technical positions, and is indirectly used.

GB 2350159 is a technology similar to the previous solution, redesigned. In this example, the transfer of mechanical energy is improved and the effect of the leverage force on the transmission is reduced. As a concept of technology usage, it has similar flaws as the previous solution and is commercially unprofitable.

KR 20100089426 is a solution similar to the one described above and numerous other attempts to utilize the buoyancy force for the production of commercial electricity. There are many solutions that similarly try to solve the technology for using the buoyancy force, but the commercial effect can not be achieved. Unlike the innovation described here, which has a significant difference in mechanical energy, from which the commercial electricity is produced. This was achieved by an efficient method of using technical elements and their position, which provides a constant amount of compressed air in enormous quantities. And which is then used throughout the turbines, which have a reduced movement resistance in the water. Where are the harmful effects of turbine paddles avoided when they move through the water. Innovative technology allows significant accelerations of the turbine up to the moment of synchronization of the hydropower plant's operation. Mechanical force is transmitted exclusively in the chains stretching direction, where the chains do not suffer from any unwanted vibration or side impacts. There is no unwanted action of the leverage force on the chain position. Almost all undesirable effects that appear in the aforementioned solutions have been avoided, resolved and improved. Description of the essence of the invention

The process of compressing the air in the hydroelectric power plant is the basis of the invention and its storage in the chamber below the pool. Where the natural gravity influence is used on the position of trapped water in the pool and the pumped air, where such a mutual relationship creates a force of buoyancy. In this example, the pool is positioned at the center of the hydroelectric power plant, filled with water or with other liquid. Water has an almost constant operating temperature, regardless of the period of the year. It is projected that the air enters at the bottom part of the pool, controlled with turbine valves and injector nozzles. Then, with the help of the routers mounted on the turbine construction, the air concentrates at the bottom of the pool and is controllingly caught by the turbine paddles in several places. The turbine paddles are attached to the transmission chains, supported with the turbine construction and then to the guides on the reinforced concrete structure, where the buoyancy force is used for obtaining the mechanical energy. The water volume in the pool is constant, while the air coming out of the pool is used to operate the pumps at the position of the working chambers. This allows the air to have continuous circular motion, and with technical solutions is used for the process of operation of the hydroelectric power plant. The achieved surplus of mechanical energy is used by means of transmission and reducers at the generators for electricity production.

The process of air compression in the innovative hydroelectric power plant begins with the process of capturing the atmospheric air through the openings in the construction of a hydroelectric power plant. In order to enable the described process of operation, the hydroelectric power plant is divided into basic parts. It is the mentioned pool with associated chambers filled with water, in which innovative turbines with equipment are installed. Then, several work chambers where are individually located air pumps, with the necessary equipment and automation. Then, at the bottom of the hydroelectric power plant, under the pool and pump chambers are positioned a compressed air storage chamber. The operational process is controlled from the machine room, where are located reducers with generators, electric motors with reducers for starting air pumps, it is a place of control of the operation of all parameters in the hydroelectric power plant. Respectively, in the upper part of the hydroelectric power station, there are business premises with a warehouse and a monitoring room for the electricity production and distribution control.

The space of the hydroelectric power plant is planned and deployed as an efficient construction, with mutually well-structured static elements. The building is compact and stable, firmly grounded. The arranged chambers with air are also the thermal barrier of the hydroelectric power plant from the outsides variable temperatures. The upper space design is carried out, through which communication of employees and procurement of equipment is being done, and provides access for maintenance and overhaul of individual parts in the hydroelectric power plant. At the hydropower plant, there are windows with work and passenger elevators, from the outside and from the inside, and a viewpoint. As well as commercial spaces, the air pump cylinders with its setting positions are the thermal insulation against the pool water freezing. This way the operation process of the generator and the engine is kept at a constant temperature. The building is covered with external insulation, buried in the ground or placed in water. Water in the pool is periodically warmed up if needed, in order to ensure a constant volume of mechanical parts, materials, and assemblies. This primarily concerns against spreading or shrinking of air pump pistons, or a turbine with transmission chains and individual mechanical assemblies.

The air pumps are designed by their number and the increased weight of the pump pistons to contribute to the operation of the hydroelectric power plant in the following way. The planned drop of the pump piston is under the influence of gravity on its mass and vertical position. The free fall from the achieved pump piston heights is controlled, which is then getting the acceleration up to 30 m/s. In order to, with a momentary stroke quickly compress the air in the lower part of the cylinder and pump the compressed air into the chamber. The number of air pumps is arranged in a way to plan the pump pistons lifting at a speed of 1 m/s to 1.6 m/s. Such synchronization of work consumes less power to lift the pump piston. The pump piston has a constructive solution, it's adapted to change its mass by pumping liquids from the balance chambers, their occasional charging or discharging. The pump piston due to free fall when it loses its energy rests on a rubber bumper located on the lower part of the pump cylinder. The lower chamber is stable support of the hydroelectric power plant with densely arranged constructional walls and striped foundations. The lower chamber size is large, necessary for storing compressed air. Sufficient storage capacity in order to operate the air pumps and during the turbine operation air usage, the pressure oscillation would be at a limit below 1 %. The chamber is equipped with sensors and cameras, and water pumps with necessary pipes. The openings in the chamber walls are profiled to balance the air pressure in all directions, and evenly storing air obtained from the variable operation of the air pumps. The construction of the hydroelectric power plant is designed to last for centuries, with regular maintenance and replacement of turbines with equipment, the electricity production is long-term sustainable.

In this example, the pool is projected in a position above the lower chamber, at the place where the compressed air is used. Divided into chambers, which are a working part and a constructive solution for the compactness of the hydroelectric power plant, they are the positional and operational place of the innovative turbines. Turbine chambers are interconnected with openings, which allow free movement in the pool for the water pressure right balance. Except at the pool's bottom, where it is predicted for the turbine paddles to be filled with air. The pool is filled with water to the planned level, with the volume of air in the water up to a level where the water is approximate to the position of the turbine drive shaft. The location of the pool setting can be separated from other constructive parts of the hydroelectric power plant. Parts of the hydroelectric power plant and the chamber can be completely buried under the land, separated in order to more easily neutralize the working forces pressure. Replacement for the pool can be accumulation lake or open water surface, where the turbines with equipment can be accommodated. Then turbines with equipment can float or are positioned in the water and anchored to the bottom, a redesigned technical approach.

Turbines are innovative and adapted to use the obtained buoyancy force in the best possible way, transforming it into mechanical energy. Which through the transmission, the reducer with the generator is transformed into electricity. The turbine construction is placed in the turbine chamber, with it it's firmly connected. Thus, the position of the turbine is in the vertical position, the place of good position due to the balance and operation of the turbine paddles with the transmissions. Turbine paddles have a circular motion in the direction of chain movements. The disposition of the mass is always in balance, and when they are getting out of the water and when they are getting into the water. Together with the chains, the turbine blades are then supported with the drive shaft.

The pump valve aims to compress the air generated by the pump piston in the pump cylinder, due to the variable pressure difference in the chambers, it omits even proportion with the mechanical opening of the partition. Respectively, according to the same principle, the partition is closed with the help of hinges and the anticipated weighing levers. It is an efficient mechanical solution model that can be long-lasting, without the possibility of a serious malfunction. This way the air pump system is operational in the long run and provides a technical possibility for repair of other working parts in the hydroelectric power plant itself.

The turbine valve is equipped with a conical head, as with a screw head. Where the turbine valve is screwed and screwed up like a screw, it goes in both directions with the automatic operation of the associated electric motor with the reducer. This way it precisely releases the amount of compressed air in the turbine, regardless of the pressure drop in the chamber. Additional technical solutions are needed, air nozzles that will be equipped with the ability to insert air accurately and at high speed into the turbine paddles at a given angle, when they open and move upwards.

The turbine paddles are designed to not create resistance with their return path to the water. When on the return path to the starting operational position, they constrict and make a linear pass through the water. In the lower part of the turbine, there is a secondary auxiliary shaft, which is the point of rotation and withdrawal of the turbine paddles. The turbine paddles are light and simple to produce, a favorable design solution because of the need to produce a lot of them for the innovative hydropower plant operations. The construction of the turbine paddle is reinforced by the setting spot on the turbine construction with the U-profiles, then during their work, several types of pressures were avoided. The construction of the turbine paddle can be made of tubes filled with closed air. At the site of saturated water with air, it is also the place where they start moving, then the water resistance for their rotation and positioning is reduced. The transmission in this solution is tightened chains over the two shafts sprocket. The chain is mostly in a vertical position and does not lean on the turbine construction. Turbine paddles are firmly positioned on the chains with a rotational connection. With bearings on turbine paddles located in "U" profiles, the chain is positioned in its vertical movement. Then the chain is stiffened and has only very small vibration due to work operation. The chain with the linear stretch transmits mechanical force from the operation of the turbine paddles to the drive shaft. At such a position, the chain has reduced negative vibrations, which would otherwise at some point broke it. The chain with this setting does not have any significant deformities in its operation.

The presented innovative hydropower plant with working chambers uses obtained difference of the potential energy for the production of electricity. Parts of the reinforced concrete structure are covered with stainless steel sheet. Examples of pump cylinder walls due to the need for less friction and less material wear. Parts of the reinforced concrete structure are covered, sprayed or coated with a sealant, in order to neutralize the loss of water or compressed air. An innovative working principle can also be applied for the irrigation of agricultural land. Innovation can be used on prefabricated systems with smaller dimensions and for various types of technical use. The pump cylinder can be sunken, where compressed air is carried to the air reservoir with metal pipes. Then compressed air is carried out with metal pipes towards turbines, which are on the ground or under the ground, positioned in the water. This implies the possibility of drilling a tunnel and making a silo in a hill or mountain.

The operation of the innovative hydroelectric power plant is monitored and corrected with the help of sensors, necessary equipment, video surveillance, other devices that aim to use today's available technology in its work. With the development of software management, it will enable precise and automatic control of the processes of air compression with the operation of the hydroelectric power plant.

Temperature differences in the operation of an innovative hydroelectric plant in certain parts of the planet can be corrected with its setting and burying into the ground, covering individual parts with the earth, or securing it with other known thermal insulation solutions. A brief description of the drawings

The desired form of the invention will be described in the accompanying drawings, which may explain the principles of the invention but will not be limited to this technical model of the compression process in the hydroelectric power plant, this is a possible model used by the invention itself. Pictures illustrate:

Picture 1. A cross-sectional view and a side view of the inner parts of an innovative hydroelectric power plant located on the ground or in the ground, constructed in accordance with the invention,

Picture 2. It shows three horizontal cross sections and a position of the basic parts of an innovative hydroelectric power plant in accordance with the invention, with a view of the equipment position in the machine room, the production part and a storage part of the hydroelectric power plant,

Picture 3. Cross section and display of the work position in three chambers, with the position spot of the three turbines in accordance with the invention, with a view of the upper and lower part of the chamber from which the compressed air is controllingly released with a help of injection nozzles,

Picture 4. Cross section of the operational chamber with the setting point and a turbine operation details according to the invention, to which the compressed air is directed with a turbine valve with the accompanying injectors and nozzles,

Picture 5. Cross section of the air pump operation according to the invention, the work position of the pump piston in the pump cylinder, the display of the upper and lower operating positions,

Picture 6. A side view of the turbine paddle position in the pool with water, the location and angle of work in the concrete chamber, the central part of the silo where the turbine paddles have the synchronized moves with the help of bearings and position of the metal U-shaped profiles, Picture 7. Side view of the turbine paddles position, setting position of the four "U" profiles with bearings and bumper, with the position of the chains attached to the turbine paddles, the position of the captured air in the turbine paddle,

Picture 8. Cross-section of the pump valve and turbine valve with associated parts, which are necessary for the efficient and harmonized operation of the hydroelectric power plant in accordance with the invention.

A detailed description of the invention

Picture 1. Vertical cross-section and side view of the internal parts of the innovative hydroelectric power plant 1 , which is located on the ground, partially or completely in the ground. Leaning on the foundation 15, the hydroelectric power plant 1 has a construction 2 from reinforced concrete or other materials if needed. Depending on the mode of operation, the innovative hydroelectric power plant 1 has a solid construction 2 so that it can be divided into the necessary functional spaces. On the foundation 15 first is set an air chamber 8, which is necessary for storing the compressed air 11. Above the air chamber 8 is positioned pool 10 with water, they are interconnected. This allows air flow 3 at the turbine 32 valve work position. Above the air chamber 8, at the side of the pool 10 are located air pumps 7. The pumps 20 working space is interconnected with the air chamber 8 at the point of operation of the pump valve 33, where is also the point of the airflow 3. Above the pool 10 with water and the working space 20 it is situated a machine room 6. Then, above are located the business premises 5 with warehouse 5 and monitoring room 5. Hydroelectric power plant 1 , if necessary is protected by thermal insulation 16. The interior and exterior elevators are installed.

Pool 10 is filled with water to the required water level 39. The pool 10 is separated by the construction 2 on the chambers 17. The chambers 17 are the working site of the turbines 18. The chambers 17 are interconnected by openings, where the free water flow 4 is enabled for equalizing pressure. Water 14 in working chambers 17 is required in order to use the compressed air 11 for the turbine 18 work with the help of a lifting force. That is, the turbine 18 is driven by compressed air 11 , which continuously flows from chamber 8 into the pool 10 with water. The ratio of the volume of the caught air in the water with the turbine paddles makes the buoyancy force. Further, the paired turbines 18 obtained mechanical energy transmits 59 to the reducer 19 with generator 19, where it produces electricity.

On the edge of the pool 10 were constructed and interconnected by the construction 2, the air pumps 7. Air pumps 7 have a working space 20 that is encased with a cylinder pump 30 lining, where as well is located a pump piston 27 work. This way the pump piston 27 is freely moving through the pump cylinder 29. The pump 27 piston lifting speed 28 is via a cable 22 with a mechanism, controlled by the operational speed of the electromotor 21 with the reducer 21 and the brake. That is, the piston pump 27 has a controlled or free fall, then pressures and compresses the air, thereby pulling the air 13 from the working chambers. By the operation of the hydroelectric power plant 1 , in the air chamber 8 from time to time water accumulates from the humidity, condensation and water leakage from the construction 2. The precipitated water is removed with the help of pumps 55 with conveying water pipes. With a positive pressure difference in the air chamber 8, which transfers water through the pipes to the pool 10.

The innovative hydroelectric power plant 1 operates in the described way. The air pumps 7 provide a sufficient amount of compressed air 11 in chamber 8. Then, the amount of required atmospheric air is provided through the opening 65 in the construction. Water 14 is placed in working chambers 17, with water level slightly lower than the planned water level 39 in a pool 10. With the help of signalization, sensors, video cameras 64, with the turbine 18 automation, gradually and in a sequence, they are put into operation. Then, the compressed air 11 output is controlled through the turbine valve 32 operations. Turbines 18 with their steady work, capture a constant amount of air in the water, which then drives them at a constant speed with the action of the lifting force. The reducer 19 with generator 19 utilizes the resulting mechanical energy from the turbines 18 through the corresponding transmission 59, and this way producing the electricity. By the constant operation, the air from the turbine 18 is released at position 9 of the air outflow from the pool 10. The air 13 this way circulates in the intended working chambers. Further, from the position 9 of the released air from the water, through the air 3 flow point, the air is withdrawn towards the air pumps 7 where it is reused for the operation of the pumps 7. The air has a steady circular motion. Air is used unlimitedly for the described operating cycle of an innovative hydroelectric power plant 1. The further illustrated operating measures of the hydroelectric power plant, the application of the invention shown in Picture 1. and 2. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for the easier understanding of the invention itself. For example, a hydroelectric power plant with external dimensions in the form of a one-sided cube is 150 m x 150 m x 150 m. Total pool volume is 100 m x 100 m x 86 m = 860,000 m³. Part in which the air is released 100 m x 100 m x 10 m = 100,000 m³. In the pool, then remains the space for storing a 650,000 m³ of water. The compressed air chamber has internal dimensions of 144 m x 144 m x 35 m = 650,000 m³ of useful volume. The working space of a single pump is 86 m x 19 m x 19 m, actually, the useful volume of the arranged 24 pumps is 658,500 m³. The machine room has dimensions of 144 m x 144 m x 10 m. The business premises are 149 m x 149 m x 5 m.

Picture 2. Shows three horizontal sections, the positions place of the basic parts in the innovative hydroelectric power plant 1.

Section A-A of Fig. 2.1 shows the space of the machine room 6, where the reducers with the generators 19 are arranged and positioned. The air pumps 7 are arranged next to the thermal insulation 16. At the position of the pumps working space 20 is shown the direction of use of the pumps 7, as in the direction and operation of the clock mechanism with the help of timer relays work. Above each air pump 7 there is positioned electromotor 21 with reducer for starting a pump 7 connected with the cables 22 with the mechanism and breaks. In the machine room 6 there is positioned control 23 for the harmonized work of the air pumps 7, the control 24 for the harmonized work of the turbines 18 and the control 25 for the harmonized work of the hydroelectric power plant 1.

Section B-B with Fig. 2.2 which shows the central part of the space in the hydroelectric power plant 1 , where is highlighted the pumps working space 20 and the turbine 18 operation chamber 17. The turbines 18 are arranged in the pool 10, at the point of water 14 in the working chambers 17. The pool 10 is with an external and internal construction 2 of hydroelectric power plant connected with constructive partitions. Constructive partitions allow for hydroelectric power plant 1 to easily accept the resulting pressures from the influence of water and air compression, the work of individual parts in the hydroelectric power plant 1. There are shown positions of the air flow 3 and the water flow 4. Cross section C-C with Fig. 2.3 shows the air chamber 8, the compressed air 11 storage location in the lower part of the hydroelectric power plant 1. Where is planned the location of the air flow 3 opening, in order to in the chamber 8 gradually equalize the air pressure, without the oscillations from the pumps work. Construction 2 is with densely arranged supporting walls, which are interconnected in order to carry the loading pressure from the pool and the hydroelectric power plant 1 on the foundation.

The further illustrated operating measures of the hydroelectric power plant, the application of the invention shown in Picture 1. and 2. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for the easier understanding of the invention itself. For example, in the machine room, there are 24 electromotors with reducers and brake, for the pump operation. The position of 16 piston pumps is constantly active, with the appropriate and constant speed they are constantly lifted. While the other 8 pumps pistons are freely or controllingly lowering, they drop to compress the air. This way the operating pressure of the air chamber is planned at 10 to 20 bar. The maximal achieved pressure in the pool filled with water is below 8 bar. This way a positive difference is provided by pumping air from the chamber into the pool, if necessary from 2 to 12 bars. The speed of air pumping is in line with the turbines paddles operation. Then, in the pool with water, there are 120 turbine chambers arranged, with 4 turbines in each chamber. A total of 480 turbines is arranged in the hydroelectric power plant. The transfer of mechanical energy is from two turbines to a generator. Then is positioned 240 reducers with generators in the machine room for electricity generation.

Another possibility and schedule of using air pumps are the following. Four air pumps are distributed at each corner of the hydroelectric power plant, working in the described way for the needs of the first air compression and as a reserve drive in the hydroelectric power plant. The remaining 20 air pumps work synchronized in the already described way, but now with a mechanical drive, paired with transmission and periodical work 2 x 20 pumps = 40 turbines. Then the mechanical drive with two turbines achieves over 90% of the necessary power to lift the pistons of the pumps. Additional power, below 10%, is achieved with the appropriate electromotor with reducer and brake. This way the lifting force of 118 tons is achieved by the operation of two turbines that move at a speed of 6 m/s, raising the mass of the pump's piston of 600 tons at a speed slightly above 1 m/s. Automation controls all the operations and a turbine valve work so that the turbines have a timely and occasional work without unnecessary loss of compressed air.

Picture 3. shown is the cross-section of the three work chambers 17, the setting position of the belonging turbines 18, showing their mutual interaction work mode. The turbine 18 cross-section is shown in order to better see the details of the upper and lower part of the working space of the chamber 17. In the pool 10 and chamber 17 there is a turbine construction 40, connected and secured to the supporting walls of the chamber 17, it is fixed. Respectively, the turbine construction 40 height is adjusted during assembly, then the required spacing between the lower and upper parts of the turbine 18 is achieved. On the construction of the 40 turbines are positioned drive shaft 46 and the auxiliary shaft 47, on which there are chain sprockets 44 mounted. Around the sprocket 44 is tightened chain 43, corrected by tensile force with the aid of the adjuster 60, automatically. There can be more adjusters 60 arranged with the turbine construction 40 position support on the walls of the work chamber 17. At the chain 43 are in line and at the same intervals attached turbine paddles 42.

In the lower part, the turbine 18 is located at the bottom of chamber 17, next to the operation of the injectors 38 with the nozzles 38 required for pumping in the compressed air 11. The turbine paddles 42 when moving downwards are folded to the position of the linear "U" profile 56. After rotating around the lower sprocket 44, the turbine paddles 42 are hitting into the rubber bumper 26 or the airbag 26. The turbine paddles 42 then pull through alongside the bumper 26 and enter the starting position where they open with the help of the raised guides 41. At that position, the water 14 is saturated with air 12, which from the bottom side enters gradually into the turbine paddles 42. Through the opening 65 in the construction, the compressed air 11 via the high-pressure air injectors 38 is discharged with the nozzles 38 and fills up the turbine paddles 42. Sensors 64 with video cameras 64 correct the required work of the turbine 18 with the work of the turbine valve 32. The air 12 in the water is further directed to the turbine paddles 42 by means of motion guide 49 and the closures 49, the walls of the chamber 17.

In the upper part, the turbine paddles 42 are filled with air 12 and are constantly moving towards the water level 39. Where the water flow 4 in construction 2 allows the balancing of the pressure, caused by the movement of the turbine paddles 42. By the lifting force, the turbine paddles 42 emerge at the water level 39 when the air 9 is released from them. The turbine paddles 42 then freely move through the air 9 and hitting the bumper 45 with their body without pressure onto the paddle bearings. Then, the turbine paddles 42 driven by the circular chain 43 movement immerse in the water 14. They are directed with the movement direction and guided by the position of the linear "U" shaped profile 56, moving downward in the dragging direction. The turbine paddles 42 then release the air 12 at the position of water resistance 14, where they immerse at the water level 39.

The further presented are work measures of the turbines, the application of the invention shown in Picture 3. and 4. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate shown proportions for an easier understanding of the invention. For example, in the chamber, there are two turbine valves, a total of 240 turbine valves. Below each turbine, there are two injectors, a total of 960 injectors for pumping air into turbines. The distance between the turbine paddles is 1.5 m. Then there are 107 pieces of paddles per turbine, which is a total of 51 ,360 pieces in the hydroelectric power plant. The compression of atmospheric air at the bottom of the pool is below 1/6 of the volume of atmospheric air. The active charge of the five-turbine paddles is at the first 8 m depth, at the place where the chamber does not have an opening. The remaining 45 turbine paddles are active at 68 m depth. In the 45 turbine paddles, there is 136 m³ of atmospheric air, total 65,280 m³ in the pool with water. With an average volume of compressed air in the water of approximately 44%, active is a 59 m³ = 59 tons per turbine. The total lifting force in the hydroelectric power plant is 59 tons x 480 turbines = 28,320 tons. With a turbine rotational speed, it is expected 6 m/s.

Picture 4. shows the cross-section of the chamber 17 with the position and details of the turbine setting 18. In to the turbine paddles 42 is directed the compressed air 11 with the help of a turbine valve 32 with the accompanying injectors 38 and nozzles. The chain 43 is tightened around the drive shaft 46 and the auxiliary shaft 47. This way the chain 43 has a vertical balance of the structural mass on both sides. Respectively, under the influence of gravity on the vertical position and the number of arranged chains 43 with the turbine paddles 42, the tensile force is the same, on the left and the right side of the tightened chain 43. On the chains 43 are fitted a paddle swivel housings 51 arranged in the equal intervals. On the paddle swivel housing 51 is fitted the turbine paddle 42 which is thus freely axially rotating at the place of the housing 51. The needed maneuvering and position changing of the turbine paddles 42 is accomplished with the support of paddle support bearing 52 and the paddle position bearing 53. Bearings 52 and 53 when traveling along the U-shaped profile 56 fix the position of the turbine paddle 42 together with the drive chains 43. The positions of the shafts 46 and 47 are secured by the position spot of the bearing housing 48 with bearings and their position on the turbine construction 40. The turbine 18 operates continuously with the described positions and trapped air 50 in the turbine paddles.

The further shown turbine work measures, the application of the invention shown in Picture 4. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for an easier understanding of the invention. If the turbine paddles move at a speed of 6 m/s in the chamber, then four of them per second are going out at the water level. At that time 3 m³ x 4 = 12 nTVs of atmospheric air per turbine is released. The operation of 480 turbines in the hydroelectric power plant releases approximately 5,760 m³ of atmospheric air per second. On one turbine, there are three drive chains, a total of 483 m. The operation of 480 turbines provides the 231 ,840 m lengths of the chains in the hydroelectric power plant.

Picture 5. shows the cross-section of the air pump 7 with the position of the pump piston 27 work in the upper and lower working space 20. The pump working space 20 is done with pump cylinder lining 30, controlled by sensors 64 and video cameras 64. Operating is enabled with released air 9 from the water, which passes at the air flow point 3. It is technically secured by winding the cables 22 with the corresponding mechanism, the position of the winch driven by the electromotor 21 with the reducer. Everything is stored in the machine room 6. When the pump piston 27 drops, it pulls the released air 9 from the water behind itself.

Fig. 5.1 shows the position of the piston pump 27 when it is close to the initial operating position. The pump piston 27 is done in a constructive manner so that it has a compact construction with balancing chambers 35. In order to be a long-lasting operational with easy maintenance, can be easily assembled and disassembled after the expiry date. Constructively executed is the pumps piston wall 63. Wall 63 with its flexibility stabilizes the operation and position of the pump piston 27 at the pump cylinder lining 30. The pump piston 27 when it is in a free fall, with its mass and speed is compressing the air 13 in the working chamber, toward the bottom of the pump cylinder 29. With the initial drop, automatically with the help of an electromotor and levers, under the pressure of the part of compressed air, the pump piston valves 34 are closing so that the air 13 will not go up.

Fig. 5.2 shows the pump piston 27 when it is in its final work position, supported on the rubber bumper 31. On the edge, there is a passageway 36 located in the pump piston 27. Needed in order to be able to replace worn-out seals and lining, which are worn down by friction at the pump cylinder lining 30. The balance chambers 35 are constructively done and arranged at the top of the pump piston 27. Balance chambers 35 serve for the need to equalize the weight of the pumps piston 27 with the process and intensity of the hydroelectric power plant operation. The pump piston 27 compresses the air at the position of the opening 65 in the construction. Then, the surface of the pumps valve 33 opens in proportion to the impulsive impact, the mass through the operating time of the pumps piston 27. When the pumps piston 27 starts to pull upwards, then the air pressure drops. The pumps piston valves 34 are automatically opened downwards, pulled by the action of the vacuum force and by the action of gravity on the technical parts. The lever 62 for closing the pumps valve 33 react by their own weight and by the action of the gravity force. The movable weights with the electromotors under compressed air 11 pressure are tightly closing the pumps valve 33.

The further illustrated measures of the air pump operation, the applications of the invention shown in Picture 5. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for an easier understanding of the invention. The useful volume of a single pump is 27,437 m³ of atmospheric air, which is enough for the operation of the hydroelectric power plant for 4.76 seconds. At the same time, the lifting of 16 pumps piston to a height of 76 m, it is a constant at 1 m/s. This way the piston lifting speed is projected at 1 m/s to 1.6 m/s. The pump piston mass in this example is 300 T to 600 T, with a possibility to do a precise weight adjustment. The mass of one pump piston is lifted with a reducer with two electromotors of adequate power. Respectively, with the help of mechanical transmission and paired operation of two turbines, an additional electromotor of adequate power with reducer and brake. This way the mass of the 16 pumps pistons is constantly on the move, where 16 generators for their movement consume part of the produced electricity from the hydroelectric power plant, that is, the part of the mechanical energy transferred from the turbine operation. This way a projected maximum lifting a weight of 600 ton x 16 = 9,600 tonnes per second, with a movement speed of 1 m/s. The planned pressure of compressed air is below 10% of atmospheric air. This way it is necessary to place in the air chamber more than 6,500,000 m³ of atmospheric air. In order for the hydroelectric power plant to start working, previously it takes up to 30 minutes of air pump operation. The pump valve is 16 x 5 = 80 m² of a surface, which is adjusted depending on the intensity of air intake in the chamber.

Picture 6. shows a top and side view of the work position of the turbine paddles 42 in the pool 10 with water, in concrete or structural silo 17. With the position and angle of operation of the turbine paddles 42, which is determined by the position spot of the bearings 52 and 53 in the movement position within the U-shaped profile 56. In Picture 6. it emphasizes the lateral position of the tightened canvas 58 on the turbine paddles 42. In order to easier spot their layout, due to the effect of water 14 and trapped air 50 in the turbine paddles 42. From the one side, the turbine paddles 42 are hooked by three chains 43. On the opposite side, bumpers 45 are installed which rely and move along the silo wall or construction. Generally, the central part of the turbine paddle 42 operation is in the space made of the walls of the silo 17, the construction between the turbines and the U- shaped profiles 56.

The further illustrated measures of the turbine operation, the application of the invention shown in Picture 6. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for the easier understanding of the invention itself. The achieved operating speed of two turbines is 6 m/s, with a constant lifting force of 59 tons, a 2 MW will be installed. At that time, the hydroelectric power plant has 240 generators installed, a total of 480 MW. The achieved operating speed of one turbine is 5 m/s, with a constant lifting force of 88 tons. Then the hydroelectric power plant has installed 480 generators, a total of 480 MW. If the design allows the turbine paddles to reach a speed of 7 m/s, with a constant lifting force of 69 tons. Then the hydroelectric power plant will have 480 generators installed, a total of 720 MW.

Picture 7. shows a top and side view of the work position of the turbine paddles 42, with the set position of the chain 43 and the turbine paddle swivel housing 51. The turbine paddle construction 57 is partially protected by twisting in its middle part. From one side, it is fixed to the position of the chain 43, while on the other side it is leaning against the chamber wall 17 with the help of the bumper 45. The turbine paddle construction 57 is solid, has a secure working position between the "U" profile 56, and the bearings 52 and 53. This is a place where efficient work is achieved with trapped air 50 in the turbine paddle. Thus, the turbine paddle construction 57 is the basis for the setting of the canvas 58, which will enable the turbine paddles 42 to efficiently catch the air and release it at the intended moment. Canvas 58 is elastic, shrinks at the return of the turbine paddle 42 to the water. Canvas 58 has a spherical shape in its upward movement, similar to the surface of the drop of water that freely falls along with the air resistance. Shown is water level 39 in the turbine paddle 42, as is the position of the water 14 in the turbine paddle. A setting of four-axle 54 turbine paddles on which bearings 52 and 53 are mounted.

The further illustrated operating measures of the turbine paddle, the application of the invention shown in Picture 7. are not the limitations of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for the easier understanding of the invention. The turbine paddle is 3 m x 1.76 m with a volume of trapped atmospheric air of 3 m³ to 4 m³, with a 1.5 m mutual distance.

Picture 8. shows a cross-section of the pump valve 33 and the turbine valve 32 with the corresponding parts, which are necessary for the efficient and harmonized operation of the hydroelectric power plant.

Fig. 8.1 shows the parts of a possible pump valve 33, where, on the construction opening 65 is placed the pumps valve 33. The air flow 3 is at that point where the air 11 is pumped into chamber 8. Due to the work of the pump piston 27, the compressed air opens the parts of the pump valve 33 and it enters chamber 8. When the piston 27 is stopped on the rubber bumper 31 , the air pressure drops and equals with the air in the chamber 8. Then, the pump piston 27 withdraws, the positive pressure difference of the compressed air 11 with the help of more springs 61 firmly closes the pump valve 33. The springs 61 on the pump valve 33 are a simple technical solution for efficient long-term use, without the possibility of failure. Signaling with sensors 64 and cameras, monitor and manage the process of operation.

Fig. 8.2 shows the parts of the turbine valve 32, where, on the opening 65 in the construction 2 is set the turbine valve 32 housing, permeable for the air flow 3 from the chamber 8. Due to the controlled opening of the turbine valve 32 with the electromotor 37 with a reducer. The compressed air 11 opens parts of the turbine valve 32 and enters the injector with nozzles 38. This is one of the possible solutions to allow the compressed air 11 in controlled intensity to be passed into working chambers with water 14 if required. The work process is monitored and controlled with sensors 64 and cameras 64, equipped with the necessary cables. The process of opening the turbine valve 32 is like screwing and unscrewing the screw into the nut. Here, instead of the nut, is used the construction of the reducer with the operation of the electromotor 37.

Further illustrated operating measures of the valve, the application of the invention shown in Picture 8. are not the limitations of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions shown for the easier understanding of the invention itself. The operation of the pump valve on the bottom side is burdened with compressed air pressure, which is above 100 tons per m². If the pump piston mass is 600 tons, it reaches an acceleration of up to 30 m/s in free fall, it is the current force that compresses the air. Then with a large momentary stroke opens proportionally the surface of the pump valve and quickly inserts the compressed air in the chamber. The pump valve opening dimensions are calculated so that the air enters the chamber within a few seconds, and the power of the pump piston movement is exhausted. So the pump piston stops near the rubber bumper on the pump cylinder. For this reason, it is possible to change and adjust the weight of the pump piston with precision in a kilogram, depending on the intensity of the operation of the hydroelectric power plant and the number of pumps.

The operation of the turbine valve on the bottom side is burdened by the compressed air pressure of more than 100 tonnes per m², minus the water pressure from above. The turbine valve opening dimensions are calculated, so it can constantly adjust the airflow with the help of a reducer with an electromotor, by positioning the valve position up and down. The current airflow intake correction is provided by software management of workflow processes and the work pace of injectors with nozzles. In line with the production of electricity with the synchronization of the innovative turbines work speed, where the corrective factor is the brakes. The industrial or other application of the invention

Innovation would mainly be used for the production of electricity, in a sustainable way. Where such a work process would be in accordance with the needs of the people and the natural environment. It would produce the energy needed for the technological development of civilization. Innovative technology provides a favorable opportunity for the current dilapidated nuclear power plants and thermal power plants to replace gradually or permanently remove. This way the planet clears of unnecessary radiation, carbon dioxide which now adversely changes the climate on the planet earth.

With the use of the patent application "Floating Pipelines" registered under the number P- 2017/298 and applying this innovation, irrigation can be used in agricultural areas, desert areas, and the regions of the planet that use an intensive watering system in agriculture. This technology allows, for example, the complete Amazon River water is conveniently transported by the sea, from the mouth to the Sahara desert, which is then intensively irrigated.

Position in the pictures

(1) hydroelectric power plant

(2) construction

(3) air flow

(4) water flow

(5) business premises / warehouse / monitoring room

(6) machine room

(7) air pump

(8) air chamber

(9) the position of the released air from the water

(10) pool with water

(11) compressed air

(12) air in water

(13) air in working chambers

(14) water in working chambers

(15) foundation

(16) thermal insulation

(17) turbine working chamber

(18) turbine

(19) reducer with generator

(20) a pump's working space

(21) electromotor with a reducer for lifting pump's piston / brake

(22) cables with the mechanism

(23) control for harmonized work of the air pump's

(24) control for harmonized work of turbines

(25) control for harmonized work of a hydroelectric power plant

(26) rubber bumpers / airbags

(27) pump piston

(28) a speed of lifting the pumping piston

(29) pump cylinder

(30) pump cylinder lining

(31) rubber bumper on the pump’s cylinder

(32) turbine valve (33) pump valve

(34) pump piston valve

(35) the balance chambers on the pump's piston

(36) the passageway in the piston of the pump

(37) electromotor with reducer for turbine valve position

(38) an injector with nozzles for pumping air into the water

(39) water level

(40) construction of the turbine

(41) turbine paddle position guide

(42) turbine paddle

(43) chain / transmission

(44) sprocket

(45) turbine paddle bumper

(46) drive shaft

(47) auxiliary shaft

(48) a shaft bearing housing

(49) air motion guide in the water / closure

(50) trapped / caught air in the turbine paddle

(51) a turbine paddle swivel housing

(52) a turbine paddle support bearing

(53) a turbine paddle position bearing

(54) the turbine paddle bearing axle

(55) pump with conveying water pipes

(56) linear "U" profile

(57) turbine paddle construction

(58) canvas on the turbine paddle

(59) the turbine mechanical energy transmission

(60) adjuster

(61) the pump valve spring

(62) the lever for closing the pump valve

(63) pump piston wall

(64) signaling / video cameras / sensors

(65) opening in the construction of a hydroelectric power plant

Claims

Patent claims

1. The process of air compression in an innovative hydroelectric power plant (1) should include:

a) a construction (2) which is divided into the working chambers, placed on a foundation (15) located at ground level or in the ground, partly in the ground, located in the water,

b) an air chamber (8) for storing compressed air (11) from which the turbine valve (32) and the injectors (38) with nozzles are filling the turbine (18) with air (12) in water, the distance between each other can be compensated by transport pipes, c) a pool (10) with water (14) divided into turbine chambers (17) for the turbine (18) operation, where the pool (10) may be moved to another location, if necessary, d) air pumps (7) located in the working space (20) and the pump cylinder (29), all necessary to with its own work compresses the air (13) for the operation of the hydroelectric power plant (1),

e) enabled is the position (9) of the free air flow, the position of the air (12) in water is used unlimited times in the closed system of the hydroelectric power plant (1) operation,

f) turbines (18) which are located in the working chambers (17), where into the turbine paddles (42) air (12) is pumped with a help of injectors with nozzles (38), where turbines (18) as needed can be separated into silo"s or stored in the accumulation with water,

g) a machine room (6) where the generators (19) with reducers are located, electromotors (21) with reducers, control (23) for the harmonized work of the air pumps (7) and control (24) for the harmonized work of the turbines (18) control position (25) for harmonized work of the hydroelectric power plant (1), monitoring room.

2. In accordance with a patent claim 1., wherein the air pumps (7) work synchronously at the location of the workspace (20) with a help of a cables (22) with a mechanism, an electromotor (21) with reducers, where the pump piston (27) compresses the air (9) and inserts it into the opening (3) in the air chamber (8).

3. In accordance with a patent claim 1. and 2., the pump piston (27) has a free or controlled fall at the pump cylinder (29) position, equipped with a passageway (36), with the aid of the pump piston valve (34) compresses the air (13) which has previously passed through the pump piston valve (34), the fall is controlled until the moment piston (27) leans to the bumper (31).

4. In accordance with patent claim 1. to 3., the pump piston valve (34) is positioned in the pump piston (27) and has its intended semi-automatic operation with the help of the electromotor with a reducer and sensors (64), the work of the air pump (7) can be displaced into a silo which is partially or completely buried in the ground, floating or is placed in water.

5. In accordance with patent claim 1. to 4., the pump valve (33) is provided with levers (62) and movable weights driven by electromotor with reducer, or with springs (61) which tightly close the chamber (8) with a help of compressed air (11) overpressure.

6. In accordance with patent claim 1., the turbine valve (32) has synchronized work with the turbine (18) and other parts of the hydroelectric power plant (1), equipped with an electromotor (37) with a reducer and a break, it controls the flow of compressed air (11 ) from the chamber (8).

7. In accordance with patent claims 1. and 6., the turbine (18) is located in a chamber (17) equipped with injectors with nozzles (38), where the turbine paddles (42) trapping the air (12) in its operation, where it can be located at the additional location such as a silo in the ground or immersed in the water accumulation.

8. In accordance with patent claim 1., the turbine construction (40) is firmly positioned on the walls of the chamber (17), with its position (49) directing the air (12) to the turbine paddles (42), the construction (40) is the position of the operating of drive shaft (46) and an auxiliary shaft (47), where they are automatically positioning with the help of the adjuster (60) and the shaft housing (48).

9. In accordance with patent claim 8., at a shaft (46) and (47) are positioned sprockets (44) over which a drive chain (43) is mounted, the chain (43) is over the swivel housing (51) firmly connected to turbine paddles (42).

10. In accordance with patent claims 8. and 9., the U-shaped profiles (56) are placed on a turbine construction (40) or positioned on a silo so that the turbine paddles (42) with the guides (41) and the synchronized work of chains ( 43) have a planned movement, where the mechanical energy transmits (59) linearly to a reducer with a generator (19) for the electricity production.

11. In accordance with patent claim 1., the turbine paddles (42) have the basic purpose of trapping and retaining the air (12) in the water at the position of the canvas (58), in their vertical movement upwards, the turbine paddles (42) transferring the received lifting force to the chains (43), their movement is achieved with swivel housing (51), bumpers (45), axles (54) on which are support bearings (52) and position bearings (53), where the work of the turbine paddles (42) can be in a silo or construction located in the water accumulation, open sea.

12. In accordance with patent claim 11., the turbine paddles (42) are made of construction (57) filled with air, they rotate at the position of the swivel housing (51), which is their only connection with the chains (43), freely move through the air (9) or water (14) by axial rotation, then freely hitting with its body into the rubber bumpers (26), and are positioned.

13. In accordance with patent claim 1., a hydroelectric power plant (1) operates with the help of sensors (64) and the necessary equipment with signaling, video surveillance (64), other devices and appliances, the setting of the available technology with the development of new software (64) precise and automatic control of hydroelectric power plant (1) operations.

14. The process of air compression (13) in the hydroelectric power plant (1) can be provided by additional technical solutions, in order to use mechanical energy directly from turbines (18) for the operation of air pumps (7) through adequate transmission, respectively, the desert irrigation system and agricultural land, and with smaller innovative adaptions can be applied in industry, mining, and transport.