RU2790113C2 - Hydraulic power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power mechanisms.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power mechanisms, namely to hydraulic power plants. The plant for conversion of potential water energy into electrical one contains elements of water delivery to a conversion site, located in its upper part, vertical chain conveyor 3 with bottoms 8, shaft 14, on which driven sprocket 15 is rigidly installed, generator 17. The plant is equipped with pipe 9 having grooves for passage of rod 6 connecting chains 5, on which bottoms 8 are fixed. Grooves on pipe 9 are closed with bars 10 rigidly installed on rod 6 with the possibility of adjustment. An upper part of the plant is made with the possibility of water supply to bottoms 8 to form between them and walls of pipe 9 containers along the entire height of the level difference and to create, by means of weight of water in containers, through chains 5 of the conveyor, torque on shaft 14 with its subsequent transfer through sprocket 15 and transmission 16 to generator 17. The plant is made with the possibility of placement of a dam in a sealed casing on a platform in a reservoir.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at an increase in the performance of a plant.

10 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power mechanisms, namely to water engines and can be used to drive a fan when ventilating rooms, a pump when pumping liquid, but this invention has the main value for generating electricity when working with an electric generator as a load device.

Hydraulic power plants are known (see SU 31832 A1, 08/31/1933; KR 102175264 B1, 11/06/2020; CN 113007002 A, 06/22/2021). These devices do not use the potential energy of water economically enough.

As a prototype, a hydraulic power plant was adopted for converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy, containing elements for delivering water to the place of conversion located in its upper part, a vertical chain conveyor with bottoms, a shaft on which a driven sprocket is rigidly mounted, a load device - a chain drive generator ( see KR 2010000341129 A, 04/01/2010). The main disadvantage of this device is that it cannot use the entire water column of the differential, as a result, the efficiency of using the potential energy of water decreases.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of the hydraulic power plant.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a hydraulic power plant for converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy, containing elements for delivering water to the place of conversion, located in its upper part, a vertical chain conveyor with bottoms, a shaft on which a driven sprocket is rigidly mounted, a load device - a chain generator transmission, according to the invention, is equipped with a pipe having grooves for the passage of the rod connecting the chains on which the bottom is fixed, the grooves on the pipe are closed with strips rigidly mounted on the rod with the possibility of regulation, while the upper part of the installation is made with the possibility of water entering the bottom with the formation between them and the walls of the pipes of the tanks along the entire height of the height difference and the creation by means of the weight of the water in the tanks through the conveyor chains of the torque on the shaft with its subsequent transmission through the driven sprocket and chain transmission to the load device - generator, while the installation is made with air the possibility of placing a dam in a sealed casing on a platform in a reservoir.

In addition, the bottom is additionally equipped with rollers, two on each side, to reduce friction, this is especially true when using draining water to rotate an additional turbine.

In addition, the strips are additionally provided with rollers at the points of contact with the pipe wall, and they are also made with longitudinal grooves with or without water supply to them. At the bottom, rollers can be provided, at the points of contact with the walls are not shown in the drawing.

In addition, the rod is connected to the chain by a roller and a clutch, and the gap between the roller and the rod is made sufficient for installing or replacing the bar.

In addition, the plant is equipped with a turbine using waste water.

In addition, the bottom is made with the possibility of a horizontal position in all positions.

In addition, the outlet of waste water is carried out through a pipe located in the lower part of the dam.

In addition, the installation is located above the lower level of the differential with the outlet of the waste water through a pipe passing through the top of the dam to the lower part of the differential, due to the siphon due to the difference in the levels of the beginning of the outlet and the level of discharge of the waste water.

In addition, the installation is equipped with a funnel with a neck, and the supply of waste water to the turbine is carried out through the middle of the funnel neck, while the turbine is a turbine of a hydroelectric power plant. In a similar way, it is possible to obtain electricity in the presence of water movement in the seas, creating a special funnel and supplying the waste water to the middle of the neck.

The grooves in the pipe for the passage of the rod are closed with slats rigidly, with the possibility of regulation, mounted on the rod. In the process of movement, the slats are joined together at an angle or along a radius.

Tanks are created between the bottom and the walls of the pipe, and water enters the upper part of the tank, and the water enters gradually, first from a hole of a small section directed to the bottom in the direction of travel, then from the main pipe with valves the entire volume between the bottoms is filled.

The weight of the water, which is in the tanks throughout the drop, creates a torque on the conveyor shaft, on which the sprockets sit rigidly. The diameters of the conveyor sprockets must be sufficient to pass the bottoms without hitting each other, and therefore they turn out to be quite large, and through the chain drive and the driven sprocket, the rotation is transmitted to the load device - the generator.

To enable the screed to roll along with the bottom, bearing bushings are provided, since in one revolution of the conveyor the screed makes one revolution relative to the axis of the rod.

The pipe is attached to the racks by shells, on which the pipe walls are attached, and the shells are made stepped for the passage of chains on both sides of the pipe.

The installation provides for transfer-rotation to two load devices - generators, since at the installation each drop of water participates in the creation of torque throughout the entire height of the drop, as a result, a huge torque is created, and the transportation speed is limited, it is more efficient to rotate two generators at once, and also in this case, the load on the shaft bearings is minimal. The torque generated by the conveyor can be transferred to the load device by chain transmission, V-belt transmission, etc.

Sprockets or pulleys can be attached directly to the drive sprockets of the conveyor, and the rotations can be transferred to different generators from one sprocket with two rows of teeth.

The installation is made with the possibility of placement on a platform, on rafts, on ships, in a reservoir of a dam, where the lower part of the installation is located in a sealed casing rigidly fixed to the platform, the lower part of the conveyor is fixed to the bottom of the casing.

The place of the platforms at the top and the casing at the bottom are determined by the limiters.

To ensure the platform afloat, floats are provided at the bottom and a container on the platform is interconnected, for example, by a pump, the float and the container can be partially or completely filled with water or empty, depending on the circumstances.

A wind-hydropower plant can be additionally installed on the platform according to the patent for the invention RU 2587731 C2 to obtain additional electrical energy from the wind.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

On FIG. 1 shows a general view of the HSU hydraulic power plant with a partial cutout for clarity, where the water level in the upper part is indicated by the letter W, in the lower part by the letter S.

On FIG. 2 - section A-A in Fig.1;

On FIG. 3 - section B-B in Fig.1;

On FIG. 4 - node I in figure 2, where the gap between the special chain roller and the rod is made sufficient for installing and removing the strap in the coupling and with the option of supporting the bottom rollers against the pipe walls, a special track can be provided;

On FIG. 5 - view D in Fig. 3 with the option of connecting the planks to each other at an angle;

On FIG. 6 - view D in Fig. 3 with the option of connecting the strips to each other along the radius;

On FIG. 7 - section D-D in Fig. 5, which shows the connection of the strips at the junction when connecting the strips at an angle;

Fig. 8 is a section E-E in Fig. 6, which shows the connection of the strips at the junction when connecting the strips along the radius;

On FIG. 9 - section W-W in Fig. 6, which shows the interaction of the strips with the walls of the pipe and with the option of using the roller, and with the option with longitudinal grooves, and with or without water supply to the grooves;

On FIG. 10 shows a general view of the hydraulic power plant in the embodiment, when the plant is located on a platform located on the reservoir of the dam, the plant operates in a sealed casing, and the exhaust water leaves through a pipe located in the lower part of the dam;

On FIG. 11 shows a general view of the hydropower plant and reservoirs next to the gorge, when the installation is located, for example, on a platform located on the reservoir of the dam, or when there are gorges or a waterfall near the reservoir, the installation operates in an airtight casing and is located above the lower level of the drop, which has worked out water leaves, for example, through a flexible pipe to the bottom of the drop due to the siphon created by the height difference between the outlet of the waste water and the drain, the height difference is indicated by the letter L;

On FIG. 12 shows a general view of half of the hydraulic power plant along the axis from the side of the outlet of the exhaust water in the embodiment, when the installation is located, for example, on a platform located on the reservoir of the dam, the installation operates in a sealed casing, the exhaust water is supplied to the place of water supply to the HPP turbine in the middle of the flow , where a negative pressure is created at the outlet, this is especially true when HPPs are operating.

Design description

There is an engine room on the hydroelectric dam 1 and a vertical, for example, chain conveyor 3 is installed on the floor 2, consisting of upper sprockets 4 located at some distance from each other, chains 5, modified, for example, from a standard leaf chain or from special leaf chains , or from anchor-type chains, or using special chains, taking into account the requirements of the installation design, the chains are interconnected by a rod 6, on which the bottom 8 is rigidly fixed on the couplers 7, which, in the process of movement, always remains in a horizontal position, with further movement the bottom enters the pipe 9, which has grooves on two opposite sides for the passage of the rod, the grooves are closed with special strips 10 rigidly, with the possibility of regulation, mounted on the rod 6, the pipe is installed on the racks 11 and fixed by the shells 12.

Water in the upper part is supplied to the bottom through the pipe 13, and the water is supplied to the bottom gradually, first from the pairs of a smaller section at an angle in the direction of movement, with further movement from the main hole for the final filling of the container formed between the bottom and the walls of the pipe, and the weight of the water , located in the formed containers along the entire height of the drop, creates a torque on the shaft 14, on which the sprockets 15 are rigidly seated and is transmitted by rotation through the chain drives 16 to the load element, for example, the generator 17 mounted on the frame 18.

The option of transferring rotation to two load devices at once was used, since a huge torque is created during operation, and in this case, the load on the shaft bearings is minimal.

On the lower part of the conveyor, on the axis on bearings, sprockets 19 sit in the bearing housing 20 in order to generate additional electricity, a window is made on the outer wall of the pipe 9, and the draining water through the window enters the tray 21, then onto the blades of the additional turbine 22.

Shaft 14 sits on bearings in bearing housing 23 mounted on frame 24.

Rod 6 is connected to chain 5 by clutch 25 and special roller 26, bearing bushing 27 is installed on rod 6, which works in tandem with bushing 28, installed in bushing 29 for fastening coupler 7.

The bottom 8 is rigidly attached to the screed 7 using the strap 30 of the U-shaped section.

On the lower side of the bottom there are rollers 31, two on each side, in order to reduce sliding friction, this is especially important at the time of draining when using draining water, for example, to rotate a turbine.

On the bar 10, at the place of contact with the wall, a roller 32 is provided, and in order to reduce the friction force, longitudinal grooves are provided with or without water supply to them.

A sealed casing 34 is rigidly installed on platform 33, water enters pipe 9 through pipe 35, hermetically sealed casing 34, waste water in the lower part leaves through an intermediate pipe 36 and a pipe passing through dams 37 merges into the river.

To maintain the platform 33 on the reservoir, floats 38 are provided with the possibility of filling with water and draining, a container 39 is provided on the platform to keep the platform afloat, counterweight to the lifting force of the sealed casing. To limit the position, limiters are provided at the top 40 and at the bottom 41.

When the plant is operating due to the siphon, due to the difference in the level of the waste water and the level of the drain at a distance L, for example, a flexible pipe 42 is provided to drain the water.

When using the installation at an operating hydroelectric power station, the waste water through the couple 43 enters the middle of a special funnel 44 to the turbine 45 along with the main water.

The high efficiency and wide scope of the proposed hydraulic power plant will find wide application in practice.

Claims (10)

1. A hydraulic power plant for converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy, containing elements for delivering water to the place of conversion located in its upper part, a vertical chain conveyor with bottoms, a shaft on which a driven sprocket is rigidly mounted, a load device - a chain transmission generator, characterized in that that the installation is equipped with a pipe having grooves for the passage of the rod connecting the chains on which the bottoms are fixed, the grooves on the pipe are closed with strips rigidly mounted on the rod with the possibility of regulation, while the upper part of the installation is made with the possibility of water entering the bottoms with the formation between them and the walls of the pipes of the tanks along the entire height of the height difference and the creation by means of the weight of the water in the tanks through the conveyor chains of the torque on the shaft with its subsequent transmission through the driven sprocket and chain transmission to the load device - generator, while the installation is made with the possibility of placing on the platform me in the reservoir of the dam in a sealed casing. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom is additionally provided with rollers. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the slats are additionally equipped with rollers. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the slats are made with longitudinal grooves with and without water supply to them. 5. The installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that the rod is connected to the chain by a roller and a clutch, and the gap between the roller and the rod is sufficient to install or replace the bar. 6. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a turbine using drain water. 7. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that the bottom is made with the possibility of a horizontal position in all positions. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of waste water is carried out through a pipe located in the lower part of the dam. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located above the lower level of the drop with the outlet of the waste water through a pipe passing through the top of the dam to the bottom of the drop, due to the siphon due to the difference in the levels of the start of the exit and the level of discharge of the waste water. 10. The installation according to claim 6, characterized in that it is equipped with a funnel with a neck, and the exhaust water is supplied to the turbine through the middle of the funnel neck, while the turbine is a hydroelectric turbine.

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