WO2019144875A1 - 酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐及其药物组合物和应用 - Google Patents

酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐及其药物组合物和应用 Download PDF

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WO2019144875A1
WO2019144875A1 PCT/CN2019/072779 CN2019072779W WO2019144875A1 WO 2019144875 A1 WO2019144875 A1 WO 2019144875A1 CN 2019072779 W CN2019072779 W CN 2019072779W WO 2019144875 A1 WO2019144875 A1 WO 2019144875A1
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cycloalkyl
alkyl
aryl
independently selected
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高河勇
刘振德
张文生
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上海博邦医药科技有限公司
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D237/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings
    • C07D237/26Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D237/30Phthalazines
    • C07D237/32Phthalazines with oxygen atoms directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal chemistry, in particular to a pyridazinone derivative prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and to a pharmaceutical composition thereof and application thereof in preparing an antitumor drug.
  • PARPs Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, polyadenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) ribose synthase) characterized by poly ADP-ribosylation activity
  • ADP-ribosylation activity include 18 ribozymes and A superfamily of cytoplasmic enzymes, which are mainly divided into three types: type I mainly exists in the nucleus, including PARP-1, PARP-2, PARP-3, etc.
  • Type II is mainly present in organelles, including V-PARP, etc.;
  • the type is mainly related to telomeres of cells, including Tankyrasel and Tankyrase2.
  • PARP-1 is the most typical structure in the PARP family, and its molecular weight is 114KDa.
  • ADP is used as a substrate to synthesize poly(ADP) ribose (PRA) on the receptor protein (including itself) (Sakamoto-Hojo) , ET; Balajee AS, Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2008, 8(4): 402-416).
  • PARP-1 activity accounts for approximately 80% of total cellular PARP activity, and together with its closest counterpart, PARP-2, becomes a member of the PARP family with the ability to repair DNA damage.
  • PARP-1 can rapidly detect and directly bind to DNA damage sites, and then induce a variety of proteins required for aggregation of DNA repair, thereby repairing DNA damage; when PARP in cells In the absence of 1, PARP-2 can replace PARP-1 to repair DNA damage.
  • PARP-1 has three main domains: 1. N-terminal DNA binding region; this domain includes two zinc finger structures and a nucleic acid localization sequence; wherein the zinc finger structure can bind to the damaged DNA, thereby causing self-activation. ; 2, self-modifying domain; this domain is located in the center of the PARP-1 protein, related to auto-ribosylation and interaction with other proteins; 3, C-terminal catalytic domain; this domain can convert NAD + to ADP Ribose, and make it extended, branching to form ADP-polymer.
  • Various physical and chemical factors including radiation, ischemia/reperfusion injury, temperature, etc.
  • activation of PARP-1 enzyme mainly plays the following functions: 1. Poly ADP-ribosy lation; PARP-1 can catalyze NAD through C-terminal catalytic domain + is nicotinamide and ADP ribose, and can catalyze the covalent attachment of ADP ribose to a receptor protein in a chain or branch; through this ribosylation process, PARP-1 can change the molecular structure of its downstream protein and alter its biology. Learning function.
  • PARP-1 is involved in DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation and is considered to be an important regulator of cell survival and death. It is also involved in the regulation of some transcription factors in tumorigenesis and inflammation (Peralta-Leal A., Free Radie Biol Med, 2009, 47(1): 13-26.).
  • PARP-1 is highly expressed in a variety of human malignancies, such as malignant lymphoids (Tomoda T., Kurashige T., Moriki T et al. Am. J. Hematol, 1991, 37(4): 223-227 .), Breast Cancer (HuJJ, RoushGC, Dubin N, et al.
  • tumors for DNA repair-related gene deletions such as BRCA-1 or BRCA-2
  • BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 show extreme sensitivity to PARP-1 inhibitors, suggesting that PARP inhibitors are used as single agents.
  • the potential use of this treatment referred to as triple negative breast cancer, is described (see Plummer, ER Curr, Opin. Pharmaco 1. 2006, 6, 364; Ratnam, et al Clin. Cancer res. 2007, 13, 1383.).
  • PARP-1 is considered to be an effective target for exploring new cancer treatment methods.
  • PARP-1 is involved in DNA damage repair, the use of PARP-1 activity inhibitor alone or in combination with DNA damage drugs can promote cell death (Bryant H E, Helleday T. Biochem Soe Trans, 2004, 32 (Pt6): 959- 961.). Numerous studies have demonstrated that drug inhibition or gene knockout of PARP-1 not only avoids tissue damage caused by oxidative stress-related diseases, but also improves the prognosis of cancer patients (Aguilar-Quesada R, Munoz-Gamez J A, et al.
  • PARP-1 inhibitors can effectively enhance the sensitivity of cells to chemoradiotherapy ( Noel Q., Godon C, Fernet M, et al. Mol. Cancer Ther., 2006, 5(3): 564-574. et al., alone with PARP-1 inhibitors for DNA loss repair defects (mainly Breast cancer also has a killing effect, reported in the literature (Bryant HE, Schultz N, Thomas HD, et al.
  • PARP-1 inhibitors on BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations Breast cancer has a significant inhibitory effect.
  • the literature also reports the relationship between PARP-1 inhibitors and angiogenesis.
  • at least five PARP inhibitors can inhibit the proliferation, migration and blood vessel of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro. Formation (Rajesh M., Mukhopadhyay P., Batkai S., et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006, 350(2): 352-357, etc.).
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Activated PARP-1 which binds to DNA, utilizes NAD + to synthesize poly(ADP-sugar) on a range of nuclear target proteins, including topoisomerase, histone, and PARP itself, including topoisomerases, histones, and PARP itself (Rhun et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 245: 1-10 (1998)).
  • Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is also associated with malignant transformation.
  • PARP-1 activity is higher in the nucleus of isolated SV40-transformed fibroblasts, whereas leukemia cells and colon cancer cells exhibit higher enzymatic activity than the corresponding normal leukocytes and colon mucosa (Miwa et al.
  • PARP knockout (PARP-/-) animals exhibit genomic instability to alkylating agents and radiation (Wang et al., 1995, Genes Dev., 9:509-520; Menissier de Murcia et al., 1997, Proc .Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94: 7303-7307).
  • the role of PARP has also been demonstrated in certain vascular diseases, septic shock, ischemic injury and neurotoxicity (Cantoni et al., 1989, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1014: 1-7; Szabo et al., 1997). J. Clin. Invest., 100: 723-735).
  • the PARP inhibitors developed in the early days were developed using the nicotinamide as the PARP catalytic substrate NAD + as a template. These inhibitors act as competitive inhibitors of NAD + and compete with NAD + for the catalytic site of PARP to prevent the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
  • the absence of poly(ADP-ribosylation) modification of PARP could not be dissociated from the DNA damage site, which would cause other proteins involved in the repair to enter the injury site, thus failing to perform the repair process.
  • the presence of PARP inhibitors ultimately results in the death of damaged DNA cells.
  • NAD + consumed as a PARP catalytic substrate is an essential factor in the process of cell synthesis of ATP.
  • NAD + levels are significantly reduced, which in turn affects intracellular ATP levels.
  • Due to insufficient intracellular ATP content cells cannot achieve ATP-dependent programmed death and can only turn to the special apoptotic process of necrosis.
  • necrosis a large number of inflammatory factors are released, which can cause toxic effects on other organs and tissues (Horvath EM et al. Drug News Perspect, 2007, 20, 171-181).
  • PARP inhibitors can also be used to treat a variety of diseases associated with this mechanism, including neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease), diabetes, ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion Concurrent diseases such as myocardial infarction and acute renal failure, circulatory diseases such as septic shock, and inflammatory diseases such as chronic rheumatism (see Tentori L. et al. Pharmacol Res, 2002, 45, 73-85) Horvath EM et al. Drug News Perspect, 2007, 20, 171.; Faro R. et al. Ann. Thorac. Surg, 2002, 73, 575.; Kumaran D, et al. Brain Res, 2008, 192, 178.).
  • neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease
  • diabetes ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion Concurrent diseases such as myocardial infarction and acute renal failure
  • circulatory diseases such as septic shock
  • Pyridazinone is an important structure having PARP inhibitory activity, and a series of pyridazinone PARP inhibitors have been disclosed in the prior art.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,151,102 to U.S. Patent No. 7,151,102 discloses a pyridazinone derivative of the formula (II).
  • a and B together form a monosubstituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring;
  • R C represents -CH 2 -R L ;
  • R L represents a substituted benzene ring, and the substituent is selected from the group below. : a heterocyclic group, an ester group, an amino group, an acyloxy group, a sulfonamide group, a ureido group and optionally other substituents of C3-C20;
  • R N represents H; such compounds exhibit excellent PARP inhibitory activity.
  • WO2004080976 discloses a pyridazinone derivative as shown in structural formula (III) wherein A and B together form a substituted cyclo-aryl ring;
  • X may be NR X or CR X R Y , if X is NR X , then n is 1 or 2.
  • R X is selected from hydrogen, substituted C 1-20 alkyl, C 5-20 aromatic a C 3-20 heterocyclic group, an amino group, a thioamido group, an ester group, an acyl group, and a sulfonyl group
  • R Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, and an amino group
  • R C1 R C2 is hydrogen, or when X is CR X R Y , R C1 , R C2 , R X and R Y together with adjacent carbon atoms form a substituted cycloaliphatic ring
  • R 1 represents H or halogen.
  • the compound No. 168 is the marketed drug Olaparib, whose chemical name is 1-(cyclopropylformyl)-4-[5-[(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo) 1--1-oxazinyl)methyl]-2-fluorobenzoyl]piperazine having a structure as shown in the formula (IV).
  • Olapani was originally created by KuDOS Pharmaceuticals and continued to be developed after acquisition by AstraZeneca. It has been awarded the priority of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), respectively. on December 18 and December 19, 2014 was approved for sale in Europe and the United States; trade name Lynparza TM, for the treatment of women with ovarian cancer BRCA gene defects associated with advanced ovarian cancer.
  • Olapani is a new oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that acts on BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, which utilizes defects in the DNA repair pathway to preferentially kill cancer cells. .
  • the underlying mechanism of chemosensitivity is the important role of BRCA proteins for DNA homologous recombination; for recombinantly deficient patients, it relies on a polynucleotide polymerase (PARP) single-strand repair signaling pathway.
  • PARP inhibitors prevent the DNA damage self-repairing ability of tumor cells and, therefore, have a killing effect on tumor cells.
  • olaparib has achieved better tumor inhibition than liposomal doxorubicin in phase I clinical trials as well as in randomized trials.
  • the present invention contemplates the synthesis of a class of compounds in which the pyridazinone is structurally linked to a prodrug-derived group which enhances the solubility of such compounds.
  • a prodrug-derived group which enhances the solubility of such compounds.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a pyridazinone derivative prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the structural formula (I) of the pyridazinone derivative prodrug being:
  • a and B together with the attached carbon atom form a C5-C18 cycloalkenyl group or a C6-C18 aryl group or a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a C1 to C20 alkyl group, and a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • Y is selected from -C(O)-, -P(O)(OH)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 chain alkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C18 aryl group, and a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 4 is selected from C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C7 cycloalkyl, C6 to C18 aryl, C5 to C17 heteroaryl, -C(O)R 13
  • R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, a halogen atom, a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a decyl group, C1 to C20 alkoxy, C6-C18 aryl, C5-C17 heteroaryl, -C(O)OR 8 , -OC(O)R 8 , -C(O)R 8 , -NHC(O)R 8 , -NR 9 R 10 , -OC(O)NR 9 R 10 , -C(O)NR 9 R 10 ; wherein D and E are each independently selected from C or N, and D and E are bonded to each other to form 5 to Z 10-membered ring; a 5 to 10-membered ring Z is selected from C5 ⁇ C10 cycloalkyl group, C5 ⁇ C10 aryl group,
  • G is -C(R 11 )(R 12 )-, and J and L are each independently selected from -N(R 11 )- and -C(R 11 ) ( R 12 )-, and J and L are not simultaneously -N(R 11 )-; wherein R 11 and R 12 are each independently selected from H, C1-C10-chain alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
  • X is -O- and Y is -C(O)-.
  • R 3 is a C1-C20 chain alkyl group.
  • a and B together with the attached carbon atom form a phenyl group.
  • Q is:
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, and Butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl.
  • R 4 is selected from any one of the following:
  • the pyridazinone derivative prodrug is selected from any of the following:
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the pyridazinone derivative prodrug of the first aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the pyridazinone derivative prodrug of the first aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of an antitumor drug.
  • the tumor includes, but is not limited to, a human breast tumor, a human pancreatic tumor, a human colon tumor, a human glioma, a human prostate tumor.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention also provides a method for synthesizing the compound (I-1) which adopts the following synthetic route:
  • a and B together with the attached carbon atom form a C5-C18 cycloalkenyl group or a C6-C18 aryl group or a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a C1 to C20 alkyl group, and a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • Y is selected from -C(O)-, -P(O)(OH)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 chain alkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C18 aryl group, and a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 4 is selected from C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C7 cycloalkyl, C6 to C18 aryl, C5 to C17 heteroaryl, -C(O)R 13
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention also provides a method for synthesizing the compound (I-1') which adopts the following synthetic route:
  • a and B together with the attached carbon atom form a C5-C18 cycloalkenyl group or a C6-C18 aryl group or a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a C1 to C20 alkyl group, and a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • Y is selected from -C(O)-, -P(O)(OH)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -O-, -NH-, -S-;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 chain alkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C18 aryl group, and a C5-C17 heteroaryl group;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R 13 acyl group, -S(O) 2 R 13 sulfonyl group;
  • R 14 and R 15 are each independently selected from H , C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, C6 to C14 aryl;
  • R 16 and R 17 are each independently selected from H, C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, C6 to C14 Aryl, -(CH 2 ) t N(CH 3 ) 2 , t is an integer from 1 to 8.
  • the pyridazinone derivative prodrug of the formula (I) provided by the present invention has good in vivo solubility compared with the pyridazinone compound of the prior art, and is administered into the body. Metabolic release of pyridazinone molecules greatly enhances the in vivo bioavailability of pyridazinone molecules, and the pyridazinone molecules bind to PARP enzymes in an irreversible manner to exert pharmacodynamic effects against tumors. Significant activity.
  • reaction mixture was quenched with water (30 mL). After a large amount of solids was precipitated, stirring was continued for 1 hour, and then filtered to obtain a crude brown solid product; the crude solid product was added to acid water, and the impurities were extracted with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was made basic, and the product was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL ⁇ 3). The organic phase was combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a white solid product; (5 ml) was beaten, filtered and dried to give 470 mg of white solid.
  • Example 17 Inhibition of PARP1 enzyme at a molecular level by a bioactive pyridazinone derivative
  • the ELISA model was used to initially evaluate the inhibitory effect of the compound on PARP1 enzyme activity at the molecular level.
  • the inhibitory effect of pyridazinone derivatives on PARP1 enzyme was evaluated by ELISA and AZD2281 as a positive control.
  • the experiment was performed by 10 ⁇ dilution from 1 ⁇ M, and 6 concentration gradients were applied to PARP1 enzyme, and the IC 50 value was calculated. See Table 1 below.
  • Example 18 Inhibition of proliferation of human breast tumor cells by bioactive pyridazinone derivatives
  • the human breast tumor cells MDA-MB-436 deficient in BRCA1 were selected, and the proliferation inhibition effect and degree of the compounds were compared by CCK-8 method.
  • CCK-8 method and AZD2281 as a positive control, the proliferation inhibition effect of pyridazinone derivatives on MDA-MB-436 cells was evaluated.
  • the highest final concentration was 10 ⁇ M, diluted 10 times, and 7 concentration gradients were used.
  • the cells were treated for 7 days, repeated three times, and their IC 50 values were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Table 2 shows the inhibitory effect of each compound on proliferation of MDA-MB-436 cells
  • Compound 11 has the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MDA-MB-436 cells, and its IC 50 is below 5 nM. Therefore, its inhibitory effect is much stronger than that of the positive control AZD2281.
  • Example 19 Comparison of the inhibitory effects of bioactive pyridazinone derivatives on proliferation of human breast tumors, human pancreatic tumors, human colon tumors, human gliomas, and human prostate tumor cells
  • Table 3 compares the inhibition of proliferation of various tumor cells
  • Compound 11 of these five compounds had the strongest inhibitory effects on Capan-1, HCT-15, U-87MG and PC-3, and were stronger than the positive control AZD2281;
  • the inhibitory effect of 9 on HCC1937 cells was slightly stronger than that of compound 11, and the inhibitory effect of compound 9 on other four tumor cells was also stronger than that of positive control AZD2281.
  • Metabolic stability the rate and extent of metabolism, is one of the main factors affecting the pharmacokinetic properties.
  • Compounds with low metabolic stability often indicate poor pharmacokinetic properties, such as low oral bioavailability and short duration of action; ideal candidate drugs require not only strong activity but also a suitable duration of action.
  • the percentage of remaining compounds was determined by LC-MS/MS method to compare the metabolic stability of the compound in human, rat and mouse liver microsomes.
  • the inventors selected compound 11 as a representative, and after concentrating a certain concentration of the solution with human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes in vitro, the percentage of remaining compound 11 was determined by LC-MS/MS method, thereby analyzing the compound in human, The metabolic stability in rat and mouse liver microsomes is shown in Table 4.
  • Compound 11 has moderate metabolic stability in human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes, and its metabolic stability in human liver microsomes is higher than that in rat and mouse liver microsomes. Stability; therefore, the pyridazinone derivative represented by the compound 11 has a prospect of continuing the research of the drug candidate compound.
  • the inventors are selected from compounds 21, 27 and 29 which are derivatized by prodrugs, and after a certain concentration of the solution is incubated with human, rat and mouse liver microsomes in vitro, the remaining compounds are determined by LC-MS/MS. Percentage, thereby comparing the metabolic stability of Compounds 21, 27 and 29 in human, rat and mouse liver microsomes, the experimental results are shown in Table 5.
  • compounds 21, 27 and 29 can rapidly release biologically active pyridazinone derivatives in human, rat and mouse liver microsomes.
  • compound 21 is in rat
  • compounds 27, 29 are three kinds of liver particles in human, rat and mouse.
  • the metabolism in the body is very fast and accurate data cannot be measured. Further analysis revealed that the above compounds have a high rate of metabolic decomposition because the protecting groups used are very easy to remove.
  • the pyridazinone derivative prodrug of the formula (I) provided by the invention has good in vivo solubility, and after being administered into the body, the procarbazinone molecule is rapidly metabolized, ie, the active compound
  • the active compound has good metabolic stability in the human body, and can maintain the drug concentration for a period of time to achieve a reasonable half-life and remarkable anti-tumor activity.

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Abstract

本发明属于药物化学技术领域,特别涉及一种酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,还涉及其药物组合物和在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。本发明所提供的具有结构式(I) 的酞嗪酮衍生物前药的体内溶解性好,给药进入体内后,经代谢释放出酞嗪酮类药物分子,大大提高了酞嗪酮类药物分子的体内生物利用度,而该酞嗪酮类药物分子与体内的PARP酶以不可逆的方式结合而发挥药效,抗肿瘤活性显著。

Description

酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐及其药物组合物和应用 技术领域
本发明属于药物化学技术领域,特别涉及一种酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,还涉及其药物组合物和在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
背景技术
研究发现,以聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖基化活性为特征的PARPs(Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases,多聚二磷酸腺苷(ADP-核糖)核糖合成酶),是包括18种细胞核酶和细胞质酶的超家族,它们主要分为三型:I型主要存在于细胞核内,包括PARP-1、PARP-2、PARP-3等;Ⅱ型主要存在于细胞器中,包括V-PARP等;Ⅲ型主要和细胞的端粒有关,包括Tankyrasel、Tankyrase2。这种聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖基化作用可以调节目的蛋白的催化活性和蛋白质间相互作用,并能对许多基本生物过程进行调控,包括DMA修复,细胞死亡,基因组稳定性也与之相关(参见D.Amours et a1.Biochem.J,1999,342,249-268.)。所有这些蛋白质在其催化结构域中显示一定量的同源性,但在其细胞功能上却不同(Ame et al,Biochem.,2004,26(8),882-893.)。在该家族中,PARP-1(最早发现的成员)和PARP-2是目前发现的仅有的通过发生DNA断裂而刺激其催化活性的酶,这使得它们在该家族中是非常独特的。并且,PARP-1是PARP家族中结构最典型的一种,其分子量为114KDa,以ADP为底物在受体蛋白(包括自身)上合成聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖(PRA)(Sakamoto-Hojo,E.T.;Balajee A.S.,Anticancer Agents Med Chem,2008,8(4):402-416)。PARP-1活性约占总的细胞PARP活性的80%,它和与其最相近的PARP-2共同成为PARP家族中具备修复DNA损伤能力的成员。作为DNA损伤的感应器和信号蛋白,PARP-1可以快速检测并直接结合至DNA损伤位点,之后诱导聚集DNA修复所需的多种蛋白,从而使DNA损伤得以修复;当细胞中的PARP-1缺乏时,PARP-2可以替代PARP-1实现DNA损伤的修复。
PARP-1主要有3个结构域:1、N-末端DNA结合区;该结构域包括两个锌指结构和一个核酸定位序列;其中,锌指结构能够和损伤的DNA结合,从而导致自身激活;2、自我修饰结构域;该结构域位于PARP-1蛋白的中心,与自身核糖化以及与其他蛋白相互作用有关;3、C-端催化结构域;该结构域能够把NAD +转化为ADP核糖,并使其延长,分支形成ADP-聚合物。各种理化因素包括辐射,缺血/再灌注损伤,温度等导致细胞活性氧/氮水平增多,自由基增加,最终导致DNA的损伤,损伤的DNA能够与PARP-1的N-末端结构域识别从而激活PARP-1酶;激活PARP-1主要发挥以下几种功能:1、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖基化Poly(ADP-ribosy lation)作用;通过C端催化结构域,PARP-1可以催化NAD +为尼克酰胺和ADP核糖,并能催化ADP核糖成链状或分支状共价结合到受体蛋白上;通过这种核糖化过程,PARP-1可以改变其下游蛋白的分子构造,改变其生物学功能。但是这种核糖化过程是以消耗细胞能量为基础的,适量的DNA损伤导致的PARP-1激活起到了修复使细胞回复的作用;而大量的DNA损伤使PARP过量激活,通过这种核糖化作用可导致细胞NAD +和ATP能量耗竭而死亡。2、直接蛋白-蛋白相互作用;很多研究显示,PARP-1蛋白与许多核受体之间存在着直接蛋白-蛋白相互作用,他们一起形成二聚体或多聚体,共同发挥生物学功能。
研究表明,与正常细胞相比,PARPs蛋白在实体瘤中的表达普遍增强。PARP-1参与DNA损伤修复及转录调节,并被认为是细胞存活和死亡的重要调节因子,还参与肿瘤发生及炎症反应中的一些转录因子的调控(Peralta-Leal A.,Free Radie Biol Med,2009,47(1):13-26.)。研究人员已发现PARP-1在多种人类的恶性肿瘤中高表达,如恶性淋巴(Tomoda T.,Kurashige T.,Moriki T et al.Am.J.Hematol,1991,37(4):223-227.),乳腺癌(HuJJ,RoushGC,Dubin N,et al.Pharmacogeneties,1997,7(4):309-316.),尤文氏肉瘤(Prasad S.C.,Thraves P.J.,Cance Res,1990,50(1):38-43.),肝细胞瘤(Shiobara M.et al.J.Gastroenterol Hepatol,2001,16(3):338-344.)等,并有报道(Masutani M.,Nozaki T,et al.Proceedings of the Japan Academy,Series B,2004,80(2):114-118.)显示,在人类骨肉瘤细胞系中也存在PARP-1的高表达。
此外,对于DNA修复相关基因缺失(如BRCA-1或BRCA-2)的肿瘤(如乳腺 肿瘤和卵巢癌),表现出对PARP-1抑制剂的极端敏感,这表明PARP抑制剂作为单剂在治疗这种被称为三阴性乳腺癌方面的潜在用途(参见Plummer,E.R.Curr,Opin.Pharmaco1.2006,6,364;Ratnam,et al Clin.Cancer res.2007,13,1383.)。同时,由于DNA损伤修复机制是肿瘤细胞应对化疗药物和电离辐射治疗产生耐受作用的主要机制,因此PARP-1被认为是探索新的癌症治疗方法的一个有效靶点。
由于PARP-1参与DNA损伤修复,单独应用PARP-1活性抑制剂或与DNA损伤药物联用可以促进细胞的死亡(Bryant H E,Helleday T.Biochem Soe Trans,2004,32(Pt6):959-961.)。大量的研究已经证实药物抑制或基因敲除PARP-1不仅能避免氧化应激相关疾病引起的组织损伤,还能改善肿瘤病人的预后(Aguilar-Quesada R,Munoz-Gamez J A,et al.Curr.Med.Chem.,2007,14(11):1179-1187.);而在肺癌、结肠癌、宫颈癌等多种肿瘤中,PARP-1抑制剂能有效的增强细胞对放化疗的敏感(Noel Q.,Godon C,Fernet M,et al.Mol.Cancer Ther.,2006,5(3):564-574.等),单独应用PARP-1抑制剂对DNA损失修复缺陷的肿瘤(主要是乳腺癌)也有杀伤作用,文献报道(Bryant H.E.,Schultz N,Thomas H.D.,et al.Nature,2005,434(7035)913-917.等)PARP-1抑制剂对BRCA-1和BRCA-2突变的乳腺癌有显著的抑制作用。另外文献还报道了PARP-1抑制剂与血管生成的关系,目前至少有五种PARP抑制剂在体外能抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖、迁栘和血管形成(Rajesh M.,Mukhopadhyay P.,Batkai S.,et al.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,350(2):352-357等)。
研究发现,PARP参与一系列与DNA有关的功能,包括基因扩增、细胞分裂、分化细胞凋亡、DNA碱基切除修复,并且影响端粒长度和染色体稳定性(d`Adda di Fagagna et al,1999,NatureGen.,23(1):76-80)。另外,对PARP-1调控DNA修复及其它过程的机理研究证实了其对于在细胞核内形成聚(ADP-核糖)链的重要性(Althaus,F.R.和Richter,C.,“蛋白质的ADP核糖基化:酶学和生物学的重要性”Springer-Verlag,Berlin 1987.)。与DNA结合的活化的PARP-1利用NAD +在一系列细胞核靶点蛋白(包括拓扑异构酶、组蛋白和PARP本身)上合成聚(ADP-糖),包括拓扑异构酶、组蛋白酶和PARP本身(Rhun等人,Biochem. Biophys.Res.Commun.,245:1-10(1998))。聚(ADP-核糖基)化还与恶性转化有关。例如,PARP-1活性在分离出的SV40-转化的成纤维细胞的核中更高,而白血病细胞和结肠癌细胞比相应的正常白细胞和结肠粘膜层表现出更高的酶活性(Miwa等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.181:313-321(1977);Burzio等,Poc.Soc.Exp.Bioi.Med.,149:933-938(1975);以及Hirai等,Cancer Res.43:3441-3446(1983))。在用烷基化试剂处理的细胞中,对PARP的抑制导致了DNA链断裂和细胞死亡的显著增加(Durkacz等人,1980,Nature,283:593-596;Bergen N.A.,1985,Radiation Research,101:4-14)。后来证实,该抑制剂可以通过抑制潜在的致命性损伤的修复而增强放射响应的效果(Ben-Hur等人,1984,British Journal of Cancer,49(Suppl.VI):34-42;Schlicker等人,1999,Int.J.Radiat.Bioi.,75:91-100)。据报道,PARP抑制剂对放射致敏的低氧肿瘤细胞有效(US5032617,US5215738和US5041653)。
此外,PARP剔除(PARP-/-)的动物对烷基化试剂和辐射表现出基因组不稳定性(Wang等人,1995,Genes Dev.,9:509-520;Menissier deMurcia等人,1997,Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.USA,94:7303-7307)。在某些血管疾病、脓毒性休克、局部缺血性损伤和神经毒性中也证实了PARP的作用(Cantoni等人,1989,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1014:1-7;Szabo等人,1997,J.Clin.Invest.,100:723-735)。经PARP抑制剂研究证实,引起可在随后被PARP识别的DNA链断裂的氧自由基DNA损伤是发生这些疾病的主要诱因(Cosi等人,1994,J.Neurosci.Res.,39:38-46;Said等人,1996,Proc.Nat1.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,93:4688-4692)。最近,已证实PARP在出血性休克的发病中起着重要作用(Liaudet等人,2000,Proc.Nat1.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,97(3):10203-10208)。最近的数据表明PARP-1和PARP-2在基因组稳定性的保持方面均具有重叠和非冗余的功能,这使得它们均成为令人感兴趣的靶点(Menissier-de Murcia等,EMBO.J.,22(9),2255-2263(2003))。
早期开发设计的PARP抑制剂都是以作为PARP催化底物NAD +的烟酰胺作为模板,开发其类似物。这些抑制剂作为NAD +的竞争性抑制剂,与NAD +竞争PARP的催化位点进而阻止聚(ADP-核糖)链的合成。没有聚(ADP-核糖基化)修饰下的PARP无法从DNA损伤位点解离下来,将导致其他参与修复的蛋白质进入 损伤位点,从而不能执行修复过程。因此,在细胞毒性药物或辐射的作用下,PARP抑制剂的存在使DNA受损的肿瘤细胞最终死亡。
另外,作为PARP催化底物而被消耗的NAD +,是细胞合成ATP过程中必不可少的因子。在高PARP活性水平下,细胞内的NAD +水平会显著下降,进而影响胞内的ATP水平。由于胞内的ATP含量不足,细胞无法实现ATP依赖的程序化死亡过程,只能转向坏死这一特殊凋亡过程。在坏死的过程中,大量的炎症因子会被释放出来,从而对其他器官和组织产生毒性作用(Horvath EM et al.Drug News Perspect,2007,20,171-181)。因此,PARP抑制剂也可用于洽疗与这一机制有关的多种疾病,包括神经退行性疾病(如老年痴呆症,亨廷顿舞蹈病,帕金森病),糖尿病,缺血或缺血再灌注过程中的并发疾病,如心肌梗死和急性肾衰竭,循环系统疾病,如感染性休克,及炎症性疾病,如慢性风湿病等(参见Tentori L.et al.Pharmacol Res,2002,45,73-85.;Horvath EM et al.Drug News Perspect,2007,20,171.;Faro R.et al.Ann.Thorac.Surg,2002,73,575.;Kumaran D,et al.Brain Res,2008,192,178.)。
酞嗪酮是一种重要的具有PARP抑制活性的结构,现有技术已公开了一系列酞嗪酮类PARP抑制剂。
例如,英国KuDOS Pharmaceuticals公司在US7151102中公开了一种如结构式(II)所示的酞嗪酮衍生物。
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000001
结构式(II)中,A和B共同形成单取代的或未取代的并环的苯环;R C代表-CH 2-R L;R L代表取代的苯环,其取代基选自以下基团:C3-C20的杂环基、酯基、氨基、酰氧基、磺酰胺基、脲基及可选的其他取代基;R N代表H;此类化合物表现出很好的PARP抑制活性。英国KuDOS Pharmaceuticals公司还在WO2002036576中公开了一种如结构式(II)所示的酞嗪酮衍生物;其中A和B共同形成取代的并环的芳环;R C代表-L-R L,L代表-(CH 2) n1-Q n2-(CH 2) n3-,n1、n2、n3各自选自0,1,2,3,且n1、n2和n3之和为1,2或3,Q则代表O, S,NH或C(=O);R L代表取代的C 5-20的芳环;R N代表H、被取代的C 1-7的烷基、C 3-20的杂环基、C 5-20的芳环基、羟基、醚键、硝基、氨基、硫醇基、亚砜基、砜基;此类化合物也表现出了很好的PARP抑制活性。
2004年,KuDOS Pharmaceuticals公司在WO2004080976中公开了一种如结构式(III)所示的酞嗪酮衍生物,其中A和B共同形成取代的并环的芳环;X可以是NR X或者CR XR Y,如果X是NR X,则n是1或2,如果X是CR XR Y,则n=1;R X选自氢、取代的C 1-20的烷基、C 5-20的芳基、C 3-20的杂环基、氨基、硫代酰胺基、酯基、酰基和磺酰基;R Y选自氢、羟基、氨基;或者R X与R Y共同形成C 3-7的环烷基或螺环结构;R C1R C2同为氢,或当X是CR XR Y时,R C1、R C2、R X和R Y与相邻的碳原子共同形成取代的并环芳环;R 1代表H或者卤素。
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000002
在WO2004080976中,168号化合物即已上市药物奥拉帕尼(Olaparib),其化学名为1-(环丙甲酰基)-4-[5-[(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1-酞嗪基)甲基]-2-氟苯甲酰]哌嗪,其结构如式(IV)所示。奥拉帕尼最初由KuDOS Pharmaceuticals创制,后经美国阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)公司收购后继续研制开发,先后获得欧盟医药局(EMA)和美国食品药品管理局(FDA)优先审查资格,分别于2014年12月18日和2014年12月19日在欧洲和美国被批准上市;商品名Lynparza TM,用于治疗妇女卵巢癌BRCA基因缺陷相关的晚期卵巢癌。
奥拉帕尼是全新的口服聚二磷酸腺苷核糖聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP]抑制剂,作用于BRCA1或BRCA2突变,其利用DNA修复途径的缺陷,优先杀死癌细胞。化疗敏感性的内在机制在于BRCA蛋白对于DNA同源重组的重要作用;对于重组缺乏的患者,依赖于多聚核苷酸聚合酶(PARP)单链修复信号通路。PARP抑制剂阻止了肿瘤细胞的DNA损伤自我修复能力,因此,对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤作用。奥拉帕尼作为一种PARP抑制剂,在 一期临床试验以及随机试验中与脂质体阿霉素相比取得了更好的肿瘤抑制作用。
KuDOS Pharmaceuticals公司首先报道了此酞嗪类衍生物的PARP抑制活性(WO2004080976、US7449464、US7662818),并公开了奥拉帕尼的晶型A(WO2008047082A、US8247416)与晶型L(WO2009050469A)以及它们的制备方法。之后,陆续有很多研究人员在合成路线(CN105085407、CN105503739、CN105820126、CN105985294、CN106905243)、晶型(CN105254572、CN105753789、CN105777651、CN106699672、CN107162985、CN107266370、US2017174662A1、WO2017123156A1)、溶剂合物(CN107098862、WO2017140283A1)、制剂(WO2008146035、WO2010041051、CN104434809、US2016008473A1)等方面对奥拉帕尼进行了多项研究工作。
近年来,PARP抑制剂的研究发展迅速,研究人员设计合成了许多不同结构与功能的衍生物,其中大部分为酞嗪酮类结构。然而,现有的绝大部分酞嗪酮类化合物都存在诸多缺陷,例如存在溶解性较差,体内生物利用度较低的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的种种缺陷,本发明设计合成了一类化合物,此类化合物的酞嗪酮结构上均连接一个前药化衍生的基团,此基团可增强此类化合物的溶解性,促进药物在体内的吸收;特别是,当此类化合物被人体吸收后,又可迅速地被肝微粒体代谢,释放出具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物分子,从而起到抑制PARP的作用。
因此,本发明第一方面提供了一种酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,所述酞嗪酮衍生物前药的结构式(I)为:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000003
其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,Q选自以下基团中的任一种:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000004
其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基,-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数;
其中,m=0或1或2或3;R 5,R 6与R 7各自独立地选自H,卤原子,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,羟基,巯基,C1~C20烷氧基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基,-C(O)OR 8,-OC(O)R 8,-C(O)R 8,-NHC(O)R 8,-NR 9R 10,-OC(O)NR 9R 10,-C(O)NR 9R 10;其中,D和E各自独立地选自C或N,并且,D和E彼此连接形成5~10元环Z;所述5~10元环Z选自C5~C10环烷基,C5~C10芳基,C3~C9杂芳基;其中,R 8,R 9与R 10各自独立地选自H,卤原子,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,羟基,巯基,C1~C20烷氧基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,p=0或1或2或3;G为-C(R 11)(R 12)-,并且J和L各自独立地选自-N(R 11)-和-C(R 11)(R 12)-,且J和L不同时为-N(R 11)-;其中,R 11与R 12各自独立 地选自H,C1~C10链烷基,C3~C6环烷基。
经实验验证,具有结构式(I)的所述酞嗪酮衍生物前药进入人体后,通过代谢,其位于N原子上的下式(V)所示的保护基被脱除,从而释放出具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物分子而发挥药效。
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000005
优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,X为-O-且Y为-C(O)-。
优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,R 3为C1~C20链烷基。
优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成苯基。
进一步优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,Q为:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000006
并且,n=1,M为-CH 2-。
进一步优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基。
更进一步优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,R 4为-C(O)R 13所示的酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数。
最优选地,在上述酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐中,R 4选自以下任一种:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000007
最优选地,所述酞嗪酮衍生物前药选自以下任一种:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000008
本发明第二方面提供了一种药物组合物,其包含第一方面所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药用辅料。
此外,本发明第三方面还提供了第一方面所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。其中,所述肿瘤包括但不限于人乳腺肿瘤,人胰腺肿瘤,人结肠肿瘤,人神经胶质瘤,人前列腺肿瘤。
本发明第四方面还提供了一种化合物(I-1)的合成方法,其采用以下合成路线:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000009
其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基,-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数。
本发明第五方面还提供了一种化合物(I-1')的合成方法,其采用以下合成路线:
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000010
其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数。
综上所述,与现有技术中的酞嗪酮类化合物相比,本发明所提供的具有结构式(I)的酞嗪酮衍生物前药的体内溶解性好,给药进入体内后,经代谢释放出酞嗪酮类药物分子,大大提高了酞嗪酮类药物分子的体内生物利用度,而该酞嗪酮类药物分子与体内的PARP酶以不可逆的方式结合而发挥药效,抗肿瘤活性 显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施方式。
实施例1:4-(4-氟-3-(1-丙烯酰基哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物7)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000011
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(0.78g,2.13mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml)和三乙胺(0.52g,5.14mmol),搅拌溶清,降温至1-10℃,再滴加丙烯酰氯(230mg,2.56mmol),滴完升至室温,搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完全;将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(330mg),收率37%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:10.98(1H,bs),8.49(1H,s),7.80-7.75(3H,m),7.36(2H,d,J=4.4Hz),7.06(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),6.59-6.52(1H,m),6.34(1H,d,J=16.4),5.76(1H,m),4.32(2H,s),3.82-3.35(8H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=421.4[(M+H) +]。
实施例2:4-(4-氟-3-(1-(2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物9)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000012
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(0.78g,2.13mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml)和三乙胺(0.52g,5.14mmol),搅拌溶清,降温至1-10℃,再滴加2-丁烯基酰氯(268mg,2.56mmol),滴完升至室温,搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完全;将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(450mg),收率37%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:11.07(1H,bs),8.49(1H,m),7.81-7.73(3H,m),7.36-7.33(2H,m),7.06(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),6.96-6.90(1H,m),6.26(1H,s),5.21(1H,m),4.31(2H,s),3.80-3.21(8H,m),1.90(3H,s).MS(ESI):m/z=435.1[(M+H) +]。
实施例3:4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物11)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000013
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(0.78g,2.13mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml)和三乙胺(0.52g,5.14mmol),搅拌溶清,降温至1-10℃,再滴加3-甲基巴豆酰氯(304mg,2.56mmol),滴完升至室温,搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完全;将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(600mg),收率63%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:11.01(1H,m),8.49(1H,m),7.80-7.73(3H,m),7.34(2H,m),7.08-7.04(1H,m),5.77(1H,s),4.31(2H,s), 3.78-3.11(8H,m),1.92-1.79(6H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=435.1[(M+H) +]。
实施例4:4-(4-氟-3-(1-(2-丁炔酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物13)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000014
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(0.78g,2.13mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml),2-丁炔酸(215mg,2.56mmol),HOBT(431mg,3.20mmol),EDCI(614mg,3.20mmol),搅拌降温至1-10℃,再滴加过量的DIPEA(550mg,4.26mmol),滴完升至室温,TLC显示反应完全后,将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(290mg),收率31%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:10.77(1H,bs),8.49(1H,d,J=5.2Hz),7.81-7.72(3H,m),7.40-7.35(2H,m),7.10-7.03(1H,m),4.32(2H,s),3.85-3.30(8H,m),2.07(3H,s).
MS(ESI):m/z=433.2[(M+H) +]。
实施例5:4-(4-氟-3-(1-丙酰基哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物15)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000015
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(0.78g,2.13mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml)和三乙胺(0.52g,5.14mmol),搅拌溶清,降温至1-10℃,再滴加丙酰氯(236mg,2.56mmol),滴完升至室温,搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完全;将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h 后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(450mg),收率50%。 1HNNR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.60(1H,s),8.27(1H,d,J=7.2Hz),7.98-7.82(3H,m),7.45(1H,m),7.37(1H,m),7.24(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),4.34(2H,s),3.64-3.52(6H,m),3.16(2H,d,J=15.2Hz),2.38-2.26(2H,m),0.98(3H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=423.2[(M+H) +]。
实施例6:4-(4-氟-3-(1-(4-二甲基氨基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物17)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000016
将4-(4-氟-3-(哌嗪-1-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(5)(1.56g,4.26mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(6.5ml),反式-4-二甲基胺基巴豆酸(0.78g,6.04mmol),HOBT(0.87g,6.44mmol),EDCI(1.23g,6.42mmol),搅拌降温至0-10℃,再滴加DIPEA(4.42g,34.3mmol),滴完升至室温,搅拌反应2h。TLC显示反应完全后,将反应液加水(30mL)猝灭,大量固体析出后,继续搅拌1h后,过滤,得到棕色固体粗产物;将固体粗产物加入酸水中,先用二氯甲烷提取杂质,再将水相调为碱性,用二氯甲烷提取产物(20mLx3);合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到类白色的固体产物;再将类白色的固体产物用正己烷(5ml)打浆,过滤,干燥,得到470mg白色固体产物,收率23%。 1HNNR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.61(1H,s),8.27(1H,dd,J=8.0,0.8Hz),7.98-7.82(3H,m),7.45(1H,m),7.37(1H,m),7.24(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),6.63-6.49(2H,m),4.34(2H,s),3.63(4H,s),3.54(2H,s),3.19(2H,s),3.03(2H,s),2.14(6H,s).MS(ESI):m/z=478.2[(M+H) +]。
实施例7:4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯(化合物32)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000017
将单BOC保护的哌嗪(31)(1.86g,10mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(10ml)和二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol),搅拌溶清,室温下滴加3-甲基巴豆酰氯(1.30g,11mmol),滴完后继续搅拌1h。向反应液中加水(10mL),分液,水层再加入二氯甲烷(10mL),分液,合并两次有机层,加饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,有机层加无水硫酸钠干燥后,过滤,浓缩,得白色固体产物2.45g,收率91%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:6.10(1H,s),3.40(4H,m),3.05(4H,m),1.84(3H,s),1.81(3H,s),1.40(9H,s)。
实施例8:3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基哌嗪盐酸盐(化合物33)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000018
将4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯(化合物32)(2.30g,8.57mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入乙酸乙酯(10ml),搅拌溶清,降温至10℃,慢慢滴加HCl的乙酸乙酯溶液(4M,10mL),有气体冒出,反应液中有固体产生。滴加结束后,继续室温搅拌1小时,过滤,滤饼用适量乙酸乙酯洗涤,真空抽干溶剂,得白色固体产物1.44g,收率82%。 1HNNR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.66(2H,bs),8.41(2H,bs),5.95(1H,s),3.70(4H,m),3.03(4H,m),1.84(3H,s),1.81(3H,s)。
实施例9:4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(化合物11)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000019
将4-(4-氟-3-羧基-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(34)(656mg,2.20mmol)加入到25ml三口瓶中,并加入二氯甲烷(8ml)、3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基哌嗪盐酸盐(化合物33)(0.68g,3.30mmol),HOBT(0.54g,3.96mmol),EDCI(0.78g,3.96mmol),和DIPEA(0.85g,6.60mmol),搅拌溶清,室温搅拌5h。反应结束后,将反应液直接浓缩干,残余物加水打浆,搅拌1h后过滤,得到灰白色固体,用硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到白色固体产物(710mg),收率72%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:11.01(1H,m),8.49(1H,m),7.80-7.73(3H,m),7.34(2H,m),7.08-7.04(1H,m),5.77(1H,s),4.31(2H,s),3.78-3.11(8H,m),1.92-1.79(6H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=435.1[(M+H) +]。
此外,由于酞嗪酮衍生物分子的溶解性差,导致其体内吸收差;于是,发明人将该酞嗪酮衍生物分子进行前药衍生化后,在不同溶剂中的溶解性可显著增大,促进了体内吸收。同时,衍生化的保护基易在人体内代谢脱除,释放出具有PARP抑制活性的分子。为此,发明人实施了以下实施例10~16。
实施例10:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇月桂酸酯(化合物19)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000020
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(11)(1000mg,2.23mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(8ml),降 温至1-10℃,再加入氢化钠(60%,180mg,4.5mmol),搅拌20分钟后,加入氯代月桂酸甲酯(665mg,2.67mmol),搅拌反应。反应结束后,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到麦芽糖状固体(530mg),收率36%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.48(1H,m),7.76(2H,m),7.70(1H,m),7.35(2H,m),7.04(1H,m),6.17(2H,s),5.79&4.94-4.80(1H,m),4.29(2H,s),3.77-3.16(8H,m),2.37(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.92-1.80(6H,m),1.63(2H,m),1.25(16H,m),0.88(3H,t,J=6.4Hz).MS(ESI):m/z=683.3[(M+Na) +]。
实施例11:1-(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)乙醇乙酸酯(化合物21)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000021
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(11)(500mg,1.11mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入1-氯代乙基乙酸酯(164mg,1.34mmol),无水THF(5ml),降温至1-10℃,搅拌20分钟后,再加入氢化钠(60%,74mg,1.85mmol),搅拌30分钟,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到泡沫状固体(450mg),收率76%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.47(1H,m),7.73(2H,m),7.65(1H,m),7.52(1H,m),7.31(2H,m),7.03(1H,m),5.77&4.95-4.73(1H,m),4.31(2H,s),3.74-3.06(8H,m),2.06(3H,s),1.90-1.80(6H,m),1.73(3H,d,J=5.6Hz).MS(ESI):m/z=475.1[(M-AcO+H) +],557.2[(M+Na) +]。
实施例12:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇辛酸酯(化合物23)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000022
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(11)(800mg,1.78mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(8ml),降温至1-10℃,接着加入氢化钠(60%,140mg,3.50mmol),搅拌30分钟后,加入氯代正辛酸甲酯(412mg,2.14mmol),继续搅拌30min,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到固体产物(550mg),收率51%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.48(1H,m),7.75(2H,m),7.67(1H,m),7.33(2H,m),7.03(1H,m),6.16(2H,s),5.77&4.95-4.79(1H,m),4.28(2H,s),3.77-3.13(8H,m),2.36(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.91-1.80(6H,m),1.65(2H,m),1.30-1.22(8H,m),0.87-0.83(3H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=627.3[(M+Na) +]。
实施例13:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇癸酸酯(化合物25)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000023
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(11)(900mg,2.00mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(9ml),降温至1-10℃,接着加入氢化钠(60%,156mg,3.90mmol),搅拌30分钟后,加入氯代正癸酸甲酯(530mg,2.40mmol),继续搅拌30min,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到麦芽糖状固体产物(450mg),收率36%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.48(1H,m),7.76(2H,m),7.68(1H,m),7.33(2H,m),7.04(1H,m),6.16(2H,s),5.78&4.94-4.80(1H,m),4.28(2H,s),3.77-3.13(8H,m),2.36(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.91-1.80(6H,m),1.64(2H,m),1.28-1.20(12H,m),0.87(3H,t,J=6.8Hz).MS(ESI):m/z=655.3[(M+Na) +]。
实施例14:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇丁酸酯(化合物27)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000024
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮 (11)(600mg,1.34mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(6ml),降温至1-10℃,接着加入氢化钠(60%,105mg,2.63mmol),搅拌30分钟后,加入氯代丁酸甲酯(220mg,1.61mmol),继续搅拌30min,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到泡沫状固体产物(410mg),收率56%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.48(1H,m),7.76(2H,m),7.68(1H,m),7.33(2H,m),7.04(1H,m),6.17(2H,s),5.78&4.96-4.80(1H,m),4.28(2H,s),3.77-3.13(8H,m),2.35(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.91-1.80(6H,m),1.70-1.65(2H,m),0.95(3H,t,J=7.6Hz).MS(ESI):m/z=549.2[(M+H) +]。
实施例15:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇己酸酯(化合物29)的合成
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000025
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(11)(700mg,1.56mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(14ml),降温至1-10℃,然后加入氢化钠(60%,125mg,3.13mmol),搅拌30分钟后,加入氯代己酸甲酯(308mg,1.87mmol),继续搅拌30min,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到油状产物(584mg),收率65%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.48(1H,m),7.76(2H,m),7.66(1H,m),7.32(2H,m),7.02(1H,m),6.15(2H,s),5.77&4.94-4.74(1H,m),4.27(2H,s),3.77-3.10(8H,m),2.35(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.90-1.77(6H,m),1.63(2H,m),1.29(4H,m),0.86(3H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=599.2[(M+H) +]。
实施例16:(4-(4-氟-3-(1-(环丙甲酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)基)甲醇月桂酸酯(化合物30)的合成
将4-(4-氟-3-(1-(环丙甲酰基)哌嗪-4-基-羰基)-苄基)酞嗪-1(2H)酮(IV)(678mg,1.56mmol)加入到25ml双口瓶中,并加入无水THF(14ml),降温至1-10℃,然后加入氢化钠(60%,125mg,3.13mmol),搅拌30分钟后,加入氯代月桂酸甲酯(465mg,1.87mmol),继续搅拌30min,TLC监测反应完全,硅胶柱过柱纯化,得到固体产物(585mg),收率58%。 1HNNR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ:8.31(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),8.01-7.86(3H,m),7.47-7.40(2H,m),7.24(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),6.06(2H,s),4.37(1H,s),3.75-3.17(8H,m),2.33(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.00-1.90(1H,m),1.51(2H,m),1.28-1.13(16H,m),0.84(3H,m),0.74(4H,m).MS(ESI):m/z=435.1[(M-C 13H 24O 2+H) +],457.1[(M-C 13H 25O 2+Na) +],487.1[(M-C 12H 22O 2+Na) +]。
另外,发明人还进行了一系列生物活性测试,具体如下文所述:
实施例17:具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物在分子水平对PARP1酶的抑制作用
用ELISA模型进行初步评价化合物在分子水平对PARP1酶活性的抑制作用。采用ELISA法,以AZD2281为阳性对照,评价酞嗪酮衍生物对PARP1酶的抑制作用,实验采用1μM起10倍稀释,6个浓度梯度作用于PARP1酶,重复三次,计算其IC 50值,结果见下表1。
表1各化合物对PARP1酶活性的抑制作用
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000027
上述结果显示:6个化合物中的11、15在PARP1分子水平作用较强,均强于阳性对照AZD2281,且IC 50在1nM以下。
实施例18:具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物对人乳腺肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用
选用BRCA1缺陷的人乳腺肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-436,用CCK-8法比较化合物的增殖生长抑制作用及其程度。采用CCK-8法,以AZD2281为阳性对照,评价酞嗪酮衍生物对MDA-MB-436细胞的增殖抑制作用;实验中,采用最高终浓度10μM,向下10倍稀释,7个浓度梯度,处理细胞7天,重复三次,计算其IC 50值,结果见下表2。
表2各化合物对MDA-MB-436细胞的增殖抑制作用
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000028
可见,化合物11对MDA-MB-436细胞的增殖抑制作用最强,且其IC 50在5nM以下,因此,其抑制作用远远强于阳性对照AZD2281。
实施例19:具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物对人乳腺肿瘤、人胰腺肿瘤、人结肠肿瘤、人神经胶质瘤、人前列腺肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用比较
分别选用BRCA1缺陷的人乳腺肿瘤HCC1937细胞,BRCA2缺陷的人胰腺肿瘤Capan-1细胞,BRCA2缺陷的人结肠肿瘤HCT-15细胞,PTEN缺陷的 人神经胶质瘤U-87MG细胞,以及PTEN缺陷的人前列腺肿瘤PC-3细胞,采用SRB法比较各化合物的增殖生长抑制作用及其程度;重复三次,计算其IC 50值,结果见下表3。
表3对各种肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用比较
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000029
通过分析可知,这5个化合物中的化合物11对Capan-1、HCT-15、U-87MG、PC-3这4种细胞的抑制作用均最强,且均强于阳性对照AZD2281;此外,化合物9对HCC1937细胞的抑制作用比化合物11稍强,作用相当,且化合物9对其它四种肿瘤细胞的抑制作用也都强于阳性对照AZD2281。
另外,这5个化合物对这五种肿瘤细胞的敏感程度顺序为:Capan-1>PC-3>HCC1937>U-87MG>HCT-15。
实施例20:化合物的代谢稳定性
代谢稳定性即代谢的速度和程度,是影响药代动力学性质的主要因素之一。代谢稳定性低的化合物,往往预示着不良的药代动力学性质,如口服生物利用度低、作用时间短;而理想的候选药物不仅需要较强的活性,还必须有适宜的作用时间。本实施例将化合物与肝微粒体体外孵育后,用LC-MS/MS方法测定剩余化合物百分比,从而比较研究化合物在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性。
①具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物的代谢稳定性
发明人选择化合物11为代表,将其一定浓度的溶液分别与人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体体外孵育后,用LC-MS/MS方法测定剩余化合物11百分比,从而分析该化合物在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性,实验结果如表4所示。
表4化合物11在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性比较
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000030
通过数据分析可知,化合物11在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性中等,且在人肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性高于在大鼠和小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性;因此,以化合物11为代表的酞嗪酮衍生物具有继续进行药物候选化合物研究的前景。
②酞嗪酮衍生物前药的代谢稳定性
发明人选自前药衍生化后的化合物21、27和29为代表,将其一定浓度的溶液分别与人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体体外孵育后,用LC-MS/MS方法测定剩余化合物的百分比,从而比较化合物21、27和29在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性,实验结果如表5所示。
表5化合物21、27和29在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性比较
Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-000031
可见,化合物21、27和29在人、大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中都可以迅速释放出具有生物活性的酞嗪酮衍生物。其中,化合物21在人肝微粒体中的代谢生物利用度MF%=5.78%,化合物21在大鼠、小鼠肝微粒体中以及化合物27、29在人、大鼠、小鼠三种肝微粒体中的代谢非常快,无法测得准确数据。经进一步 分析发现,上述化合物代谢分解速度很快,这是因为所使用的保护基十分易于脱除。
综上所述,本发明所提供的具有结构式(I)的酞嗪酮衍生物前药的体内溶解性好,给药进入体内后,经迅速代谢释放出酞嗪酮类药物分子,即活性化合物,该活性化合物在人体内的代谢稳定性较好,可以维持一段时间的药物浓度,以达到合理的半衰期,抗肿瘤活性显著。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述酞嗪酮衍生物前药的结构式(I)为:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100001
    其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
    其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
    其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,Q选自以下基团中的任一种:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100002
    其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基,-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数;
    其中,m=0或1或2或3;R 5,R 6与R 7各自独立地选自H,卤原子,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,羟基,巯基,C1~C20烷氧基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17 杂芳基,-C(O)OR 8,-OC(O)R 8,-C(O)R 8,-NHC(O)R 8,-NR 9R 10,-OC(O)NR 9R 10,-C(O)NR 9R 10;其中,D和E各自独立地选自C或N,并且,D和E彼此连接形成5~10元环Z;所述5~10元环Z选自C5~C10环烷基,C5~C10芳基,C3~C9杂芳基;其中,R 8,R 9与R 10各自独立地选自H,卤原子,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,羟基,巯基,C1~C20烷氧基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,p=0或1或2或3;G为-C(R 11)(R 12)-,并且J和L各自独立地选自-N(R 11)-和-C(R 11)(R 12)-,且J和L不同时为-N(R 11)-;其中,R 11与R 12各自独立地选自H,C1~C10链烷基,C3~C6环烷基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X为-O-且Y为-C(O)-。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R 3为C1~C20链烷基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成苯基。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,Q为:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100003
    并且,n=1,M为-CH 2-。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R 4为-C(O)R 13所示的酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2, t为1~8的整数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R 4选自以下任一种:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100004
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述酞嗪酮衍生物前药选自以下任一种:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100005
  10. 一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包含根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药用辅料。
  11. 根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的酞嗪酮衍生物前药或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
  12. 一种化合物(I-1)的合成方法,其特征在于,采用以下合成路线:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100006
    其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
    其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
    其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基,-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数。
  13. 一种化合物(I-1')的合成方法,其特征在于,采用以下合成路线:
    Figure PCTCN2019072779-appb-100007
    其中,A和B与相连的碳原子一起形成C5~C18环烯基或C6~C18芳基或C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,R 1与R 2各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基;
    其中,X选自-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,Y选自-C(O)-,-P(O)(OH)-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O) 2-;
    其中,M选自-CH 2-,-CH 2CH 2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-;
    其中,R 3选自羟基,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C7环烷基,C6~C18芳基,C5~C17杂芳基;
    其中,n=0或1或2或3;R 4选自-C(O)R 13所示的酰基,-S(O) 2R 13所示的磺酰基;R 13选自C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,-C≡CR 14所示的炔基,-C(R 15)=CR 16R 17所示的烯烃;其中,R 14和R 15各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基;R 16和R 17各自独立地选自H,C1~C20链烷基,C3~C6环烷基,C6~C14芳基,-(CH 2) tN(CH 3) 2,t为1~8的整数。
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