WO2019144656A1 - 天线及终端 - Google Patents

天线及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019144656A1
WO2019144656A1 PCT/CN2018/110857 CN2018110857W WO2019144656A1 WO 2019144656 A1 WO2019144656 A1 WO 2019144656A1 CN 2018110857 W CN2018110857 W CN 2018110857W WO 2019144656 A1 WO2019144656 A1 WO 2019144656A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
branch
closed
coupling
point
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PCT/CN2018/110857
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江晖
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019144656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019144656A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to an antenna and a terminal.
  • SAR Specific Absorption Rate
  • the bottleneck of antenna debugging for most terminal products lies in the debugging of SAR, and there are generally two measures for reducing SAR: (1) using absorbing materials; and (2) reducing power.
  • the first measure generally involves attaching the absorbing material to the SAR hot spot, or attaching it to the shield of the PCB main board using the absorbing material, or attaching it to the structural member of the terminal to achieve the purpose of reducing the SAR value.
  • the second measure is to reduce the SAR value by reducing the power, that is, sacrificing the radiation performance of the product, due to the positive correlation between power and SAR. Both of these measures have major drawbacks.
  • the use of absorbing materials is generally high, and often only using a absorbing material does not achieve the desired results, and it is necessary to attach a plurality of absorbing materials to meet The requirements of the index, so that the cost of the product increases, the market competitiveness declines; and if the thickness of the absorbing material is too thick, it will affect the effect of some product design contact, resulting in insufficient grounding, poor contact contact, etc., when SAR
  • the distribution of hotspots is mainly in the antenna area, rather than on the PCB board. It is difficult to use absorbing materials to reduce SAR. Because the absorbing material is attached to the antenna area, the radiation performance of the antenna will be greatly reduced. Use of the product.
  • the second measure is to reduce the SAR value by sacrificing the radiation performance of the product. If the radiant power of the product itself is large, it can be used. If the margin is small, the space that can be reduced is limited. Moreover, the decline in radiation performance will also affect the actual use of the product. In addition, operators have requirements for radiated power, so not all products can pass the FCC SAR certification test by reducing the radiated power. It can be seen that the method of the related art can not achieve the purpose of effectively reducing SAR.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna and a terminal to solve at least the problem that the related art cannot effectively reduce the SAR.
  • an antenna comprising: an antenna body branch, the antenna body branch is configured to adjust a low frequency bandwidth of the antenna; an antenna coupling branch, the antenna coupling branch and the antenna The body branch is coupled to adjust an intermediate frequency and/or a high frequency bandwidth of the antenna; wherein the antenna coupling branch includes at least one adjustable closed point.
  • the adjustable closing point is located on a closed branch of the antenna coupling branch, the closed branch includes at least one of the following: a polygonal branch, a circular branch, an elliptical branch, not Regular round knuckles.
  • the antenna body branch includes at least one of the following antennas: an IFA antenna, a PIFA antenna, and a monopole antenna.
  • the closed branch in which the adjustable closed point is located includes a triangular coupling branch, and the closed branch is located on the antenna coupling branch .
  • the closed branch in which the adjustable closed point is located includes a quadrilateral coupling branch, and the closed branch is located on the antenna coupling branch.
  • the antenna coupling branch further includes: a connecting line, one end of the connecting line is connected to the closed point, and the other end of the connecting line is disposed to be coupled with the antenna for connecting the antenna
  • the ground point is connected, and the line length of the connecting line is determined according to the wavelength of the wave propagating by the antenna.
  • the connecting line includes: a first straight side branch, the first straight side branch is disposed to be connected to the ground point; and the antenna body branch includes: a second straight side branch, The second straight side branch is disposed to be connected to the feeding point; wherein a width of the line between the first straight side branch and the second straight side branch is 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the length of the antenna trace connected to the feeding point of the terminal in the antenna body branch is 5 mm-10 mm.
  • a terminal comprising the antenna described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the terminal includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a data card, a client terminal device CPE, a wearable device, and a tracker.
  • the closed antenna coupling branch is used to adjust the middle and high frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and only the shape of the antenna can be changed, and the terminal for installing the antenna does not need to be modified, thereby not increasing the cost of the terminal product.
  • the use of a closed antenna coupling energy saving does not reduce the total radiated power of the antenna (TRP), that is, the effect of reducing the SAR value while ensuring the TRP, thereby effectively reducing the SAR. purpose.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna routing according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna trace according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna form according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna form according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the SAR value of the IF part and/or the high frequency part of the antenna is easily high, easily exceeds the FCC certification test standard of 1.6 mw/g, and is difficult to drop. Downstream, it is often necessary to use multiple SAR reduction measures at the same time, both to absorbing the absorbing material and to reducing the power. However, operators have requirements for radiated power, and cannot reduce power at will. Power and SAR have become a contradiction. It is the biggest bottleneck faced by terminal antennas.
  • the solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention can obviously improve the SAR value of the high frequency part, and does not need to add any device, and does not need to change the appearance of the structural member, and does not need to change the layout and wiring of the radio frequency, etc.
  • the operation is simple and convenient, and easy to implement.
  • an antenna form is provided.
  • the antenna may be a bracket antenna, or may be a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) antenna, and an antenna and a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board).
  • LDS laser-direct-structuring
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the board is connected by shrapnel.
  • shrapnel There are three shrapnels, three shrapnels are arranged in order, the middle is the feeding point of the antenna, and the two are grounding points.
  • an antenna including: an antenna body branch and an antenna coupling branch, wherein the antenna body branch is configured to adjust a low frequency bandwidth of the antenna, the antenna coupling branch and the antenna body
  • the branch coupling is configured to adjust an intermediate frequency and/or a high frequency bandwidth of the antenna
  • the antenna coupling branch comprising at least one adjustable closed point.
  • the adjustable closing point is located on the closed branch of the antenna coupling branch, that is, in the embodiment, the antenna coupling branch of the mid-high frequency bandwidth of the adjusting antenna is a closed
  • the shape of the closed branch can be various, and can be designed into a desired closed shape according to the use requirements in practical applications.
  • the closed branch may include at least one of: a polygonal branch, a circular branch, an elliptical branch, and an irregular circular branch.
  • the closed antenna coupling branch is used to adjust the middle and high frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and only the shape of the antenna can be changed, and the terminal for installing the antenna does not need to be modified, thereby not increasing the cost of the terminal product.
  • the use of a closed antenna coupling energy saving does not reduce the TRP of the antenna, that is, the effect of reducing the SAR value while ensuring the TRP can be achieved, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively reducing the SAR.
  • the antenna and the PCB of the terminal are connected by a spring.
  • the closed antenna coupling branch and the body of the antenna ie, the antenna body branch
  • This antenna form has the advantage of a lower SAR value.
  • the antenna main branch and the PCB board are connected through the feeding point, and the antenna coupling branch is in contact with the PCB board through the grounding point, and the specific schematic diagram can refer to FIG.
  • the main body of the antenna may include at least one of the following antennas: an IFA antenna, a PIFA antenna, and a monopole antenna. That is to say, the main branch of the antenna is a general antenna trace form, which is indistinguishable from the conventional antenna design.
  • the monopole antenna requires a large clearance area, and the SAR value is relatively high; although the PIFA antenna does not require clearance, However, there is a high requirement for height, and usually the bandwidth is narrow.
  • the IFA antenna is a deformation of the PIFA antenna, which requires partial clearance or full clearance. When there is partial clearance, the reference ground will move down, so the height requirement will be decline.
  • the antenna coupling branch does not adopt a closed shape.
  • the high-frequency part is closed with a coupling branch and an antenna.
  • the main branches are coupled to each other to achieve.
  • the function of the closed coupling branch is to adjust the medium and high frequency.
  • the shape, position, length and width of the coupling branch, and interacting with the main branch the high frequency bandwidth is increased and the overall performance of the antenna is adjusted.
  • the TRP and SAR values can be adjusted, as well as the hot spot distribution of the SAR, so as to achieve the effect of ensuring the radiation power while reducing the SAR value.
  • the different antenna body segments may correspond to different closed antenna coupling branches.
  • the closed branch in the antenna coupling branch may include a triangular coupling branch.
  • the closed branch in the antenna coupling branch may include a quadrilateral coupling branch.
  • the antenna coupling branch further includes: a connecting line, one end of the connecting line is connected to a closed point of the antenna coupling branch, and the other end of the connecting line is configured to be connected with the terminal
  • the grounding point of the antenna coupling branch is connected, and the line length of the connecting line is determined according to the wavelength of the wave propagating by the antenna, wherein the terminal is arranged to be mounted with the antenna.
  • the connecting line may also be a part of the antenna coupling branch, and is integral with the closed coupling branch. As stated above, the line length of the connecting line is determined according to the wavelength.
  • the connecting line may include a first straight side branch, the first straight side branch is disposed to be connected to the ground point; and the antenna body branch may include a second straight side branch The second straight side branch is disposed to be connected to the feed point of the terminal; wherein the trace width between the first straight side branch and the second straight side branch is 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the length of the antenna trace connected to the feed point of the terminal in the antenna body branch is 5 mm - 10 mm.
  • the antenna main body branch adopts an antenna form of IFA
  • the antenna coupling branch also referred to as a coupling branch
  • the antenna coupling branch is a closed branch (ie, the antenna coupling branch includes a closed branch)
  • the present invention Be explained:
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna trace according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the trace is divided into two parts: an antenna main body branch and an antenna coupling branch.
  • the antenna main body branch adopts the IFA form, as shown in Fig. 2, the three right lines on the right side realize low frequency performance, and the left one line is coupled with the coupling branch to realize high frequency performance.
  • the antenna coupling branch is a wire that is directly drawn from the adjacent ground feed point. Its function is to adjust the mid-high frequency bandwidth by coupling with the main body branch to achieve medium and high frequency performance.
  • the length of the traces a of the coupling branch and the antenna body branch may be 1 mm - 4 mm, and the length of the first section of the antenna body branch may be 5 mm - 10 mm.
  • the length and form of the remaining traces are not limited in this embodiment.
  • Adjusting the size of L can achieve the purpose of adjusting the performance of the antenna and the size of the SAR.
  • the closed loop on the coupling branch is the core of the invention, that is, the annular coupling branch is used, and the shape, size and position of the ring are not limited.
  • the ring and the antenna main branch are coupled to each other.
  • the shape of the ring is different, the size is different, and the position of the open ring is different, which affects the coupling effect between the ring and the antenna main branch, affecting the quadrant and radiation of the antenna.
  • Direction change the hot spot distribution of the antenna to achieve the effect of adjusting the TRP and SAR values.
  • Table 1 is data for TRP and SAR without the use of circular coupling branches
  • Table 2 is data for using circular coupling branches. It can be seen from the data comparison that the use of the circular coupling branch has a significant effect on reducing the SAR value of the middle and high frequency parts.
  • the antenna body segment is a monopole antenna
  • the antenna coupling branch also referred to as a coupling branch
  • a closed branch the antenna coupling branch
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna trace according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the trace is equally divided into two parts: an antenna main body branch and an annular coupling branch.
  • the antenna main body branch adopts a monopole form to achieve low frequency performance.
  • the coupling branch is also a direct interaction from the grounding feed point and the main body branch to adjust the medium and high frequency bandwidth to achieve medium and high frequency performance.
  • the trace width a of the coupling branch and the antenna body branch may be 1 mm - 4 mm, and the length 1 of the first section of the antenna body branch may be 5 mm - 10 mm, and the remaining trace lengths and forms are not limited herein, and the loop coupling branch
  • the closing point is c.
  • the propagation speed/operating frequency of electromagnetic waves can be calculated.
  • Adjusting the size of L can achieve the purpose of adjusting the performance of the antenna and the size of the SAR. Different from Fig. 2, the shape of the ring on the coupling branch and the position of the c point are different. The verification results show that the antenna of this form also effectively reduces the SAR value of the middle and high frequency parts, and ensures that the performance of the TRP is not lost. .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna form according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main body portion of the antenna can use various antenna forms, which is not limited herein, and the coupling branch uses a circular coupling branch.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna form according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main body portion of the antenna can use various antenna forms, which is not limited herein, and the coupling branch uses a square coupling branch.
  • a terminal is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and the terminal includes the antenna described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the terminal includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a data card, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), a wearable device, and a tracker.
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • the antenna form described can be used in combination with a switching tuning technique and a variable capacitance tuning technique, and both switching tuning and variable capacitance tuning are applied to the matching circuit of the antenna.
  • the solution in the embodiment of the present invention does not need to add any device, and does not need to change the appearance of the structural member, and does not need to change the layout and wiring of the radio frequency, etc., and the operation is simple and convenient, and is easy to implement.
  • the existing SAR reduction measures In the case that there are not many standards (1.6mw/g) beyond the FCC certification test, and the TRP has a large margin, the existing technology usually uses the reduced conduction power.
  • the method is to reduce the SAR value. This method is the simplest and straightforward. However, since the conduction power is simultaneously reduced by the high, medium and low channels of the same BAND, it cannot be reduced by a single channel.
  • OTA Over The Air
  • Another common method is to attach the absorbing material to the area where the SAR hotspot is distributed to reduce the SAR value. Although this method is simple and convenient, there are some limitations, that is, the hot spot distribution of some antennas is not distributed on the main board. Instead, it is distributed in the area of the antenna trace, or it is not distributed in a flat area, but distributed in a grooved or screened area, so that the absorbing material cannot be attached.
  • the thickness of the absorbing material attached also affects the effect of the installation, the phenomenon of interference with the structural member, or the problem that the absorbing material is too thick, resulting in poor contact between the antenna sprocket and the antenna itself. More importantly, the use of absorbing materials increases the cost of purchasing the product, thereby weakening the market competitiveness of the product.
  • the prior art generally does not use a coupling branch to design, or even if it is designed using a coupling branch, it is not a closed coupling branch.
  • the solution in the embodiment of the present invention is that the core of the invention is precisely that on the closed coupling branch, the closed antenna coupling branch can effectively avoid all the above problems, thereby ensuring the TRP performance of the product and reducing the SAR value. At the same time, there is no need to make any changes in the product structure and RF layout, and it will not increase the cost.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna form with a low SAR value.
  • the mid-high frequency portion is realized by coupling the main coupling of the antenna with the annular coupling branch, and the low-frequency portion is realized by the main branch of the antenna.
  • the TRP and SAR values can be adjusted, as well as the hot spot distribution of the SAR.
  • the solution in the embodiment of the present invention does not need to reduce the TRP, and does not need to sacrifice the OTA performance of the product.
  • the first SAR reduction method considered in the traditional scheme is to reduce TRP and sacrifice product performance.
  • the scheme can ensure the TRP index by adjusting the position of the ring and the ring size, so that the TRP can be effectively maintained while the TRP is maintained at the same level. This not only ensures product performance, but also achieves SAR reduction.
  • the solution in the embodiment of the present invention does not increase the product cost. In the conventional scheme, whether it is attaching absorbing materials or adding sensor chips, it will undoubtedly increase the cost of the products, thereby reducing the competitiveness of the market.
  • the solution does not need to add any device, nor does it need to make any changes to the structural parts, radio frequency, baseband, etc., and the operation is simple and easy to implement, and does not add any economic cost and time cost to the product.
  • the solution in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the mid-high frequency SAR value.
  • This scheme is applicable to a variety of antenna forms and has been proven to have a significant effect in reducing the mid-high frequency SAR values.
  • modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device that can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module.
  • the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • an antenna and a terminal provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the closed antenna coupling branch is used to adjust the middle and high frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and only the shape of the antenna is changed, and there is no need to install the antenna.
  • the terminal is modified so as not to increase the cost of the terminal product.
  • the energy consumption of the closed antenna coupling support does not reduce the TRP of the antenna, that is, the effect of reducing the SAR value while ensuring the TRP can be achieved, thereby effectively reducing the SAR. the goal of.

Abstract

本发明实施例中提供了一种天线及终端，其中，该天线包括：天线主体支节和天线耦合支节，其中，该天线主体支节设置为调节天线的低频带宽，该天线耦合支节与天线主体支节耦合，设置为调节天线的中频高频带宽，该天线耦合支节包括至少一个可调节的闭合点。在本发明实施例中，采用闭合的天线耦合支节来调节天线的中高频带宽，只需改变的天线的形状即可，无需对安装天线的终端进行改造，从而不会增加终端产品的成本，此外，采用闭合的天线耦合支节能是不会降低天线的TRP的，即能够实现在保证TRP的同时降低SAR值的效果，从而实现有效降低SAR的目的。

Description

天线及终端 技术领域
本发明涉及天线领域，具体而言，涉及一种天线及终端。
背景技术
当前人们对于自身健康安全的重视程度越来越高，对于终端产品的辐射也越来越关注，于是对于终端产品的比吸收率(Specific Absorption Rate，简称为SAR)值的要求也越来越严格。随着市场竞争的愈加激烈，如何做出高指标、低辐射且价格优惠的产品，成为了各终端产品制造商的一个竞争趋势。而SAR值与终端产品的辐射功率是成正比的关系，辐射功率越大，SAR越高，要降低SAR值最直接的方法就是减小辐射功率。北美市场强制要求终端通过美国联邦通讯委员会(Federal Communications Commission，简称为FCC)SAR认证测试，SAR值要低于1.6mw/g。
目前大多数终端产品天线调试的瓶颈在于SAR的调试，而降SAR的措施一般有两种：(1)使用吸波材料；(2)降低功率。第一种措施一般是把吸波材料贴在SAR热点区域，或使用吸波材料贴附在PCB主板的屏蔽罩上，或贴在终端的结构件上来达到降低SAR值的目的。第二种措施是由于功率和SAR呈正相关的关系，通过降低功率，即，牺牲产品的辐射性能来达到降低SAR值的目的。这两种措施都存在很大的缺陷，比如使用吸波材料，吸波材料的价格普遍较高，且常常仅使用一块吸波材料并不能达到预期效果，需要贴附多块吸波材料以满足指标要求，这样就使得产品的成本增加，市场竞争力下降；并且吸波材料的厚度若是过厚，会影响某些产品设计接触的效果，造成接地不充分，触点接触不良等问题，当SAR的热点分布主要是在天线区域，而不是分布在PCB主板上时，就很难使用吸波材料来降SAR，因为把吸波材料贴在天线区域，会导致天线的辐射性能大幅度下降，影响产品的使用。同样第二种措施是以牺牲产品的辐射性能来达到降低SAR值的目的，如果产品本身辐射功率余量较大时可以使 用，若余量不大则可降低的空间就比较有限。而且辐射性能的下降，也会影响产品实际的使用效果，此外运营商对辐射功率是有要求的，所以并不是所有的产品都可以通过减小辐射功率来通过FCC SAR认证测试。由此可知，采用相关技术中的方式都无法达到有效降低SAR的目的。
针对相关技术中存在的上述问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种天线及终端，以至少解决相关技术中存在的无法有效降低SAR的问题。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种天线，包括：天线主体支节，所述天线主体支节设置为调节天线的低频带宽；天线耦合支节，所述天线耦合支节与所述天线主体支节耦合，设置为调节所述天线的中频和/或高频带宽；其中，所述天线耦合支节包括至少之一可调节的闭合点。
可选地，所述可调节的闭合点位于所述天线耦合支节的闭合支节上，所述闭合支节包括以下至少之一：多边形支节、圆形支节、椭圆形支节、不规则圆形支节。
可选地，所述天线主体支节包括以下天线至少之一：IFA天线、PIFA天线、单极子天线。
可选地，当所述天线主体支节包括IFA天线或PIFA天线时，所述可调节的闭合点所在的闭合支节包括三角形耦合支节，所述闭合支节位于所述天线耦合支节上。
可选地，当所述天线主体支节包括单极子天线时，所述可调节的闭合点所在的闭合支节包括四边形耦合支节，所述闭合支节位于所述天线耦合支节上。
可选地，所述天线耦合支节还包括：连接线，所述连接线的一端与所述闭合点连接，所述连接线的另一端被设置为与用于连接所述天线耦合支节的接地点连接，所述连接线的线长是根据所述天线传播的波的波长确定 的。
可选地，所述连接线包括：第一直边支节，所述第一直边支节被设置为与所述接地点连接；所述天线主体支节包括：第二直边支节，所述第二直边支节被设置为与馈电点连接；其中，所述第一直边支节与所述第二直边支节之间的走线宽度为1mm-4mm。
可选地，所述天线主体支节中的与终端的馈电点连接的天线走线长度为5mm-10mm。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，还提供了一种终端，包括上述任一项实施例中所述的天线。
可选地，所述终端包括以下至少之一：手机、数据卡、客户终端设备CPE、可穿戴设备、追踪器。
通过本发明中的实施例，采用闭合的天线耦合支节来调节天线的中高频带宽，只需改变的天线的形状即可，无需对安装天线的终端进行改造，从而不会增加终端产品的成本，此外，采用闭合的天线耦合支节能是不会降低天线的总辐射功率(Total Radiated Power，简称为TRP)的，即能够实现在保证TRP的同时降低SAR值的效果，从而实现有效降低SAR的目的。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施例一的天线结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明具体实施例一的天线走线示意图；
图3是根据本发明具体实施例二的天线走线的示意图；
图4是根据本发明具体实施例三的天线形式示意图；
图5是根据本发明具体实施例四的天线形式示意图。
具体实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
在对用于安装在终端产品中的天线进行调试的过程中，天线中频部分和/或高频部分的SAR值很容易偏高，容易超出FCC认证测试的标准1.6mw/g，并且很难降下来，通常需要多种降SAR的举措同时使用，既要贴吸波材料又要降功率。但是运营商对辐射功率都有要求，不能随意的去降低功率，功率和SAR这就成为了一个矛盾体，是目前终端天线调试所面对的最大瓶颈。而本发明实施例中提供的方案恰恰能够对降低高频部分的SAR值有明显的改善效果，并且不需要增加任何装置，也不需要改变结构件的外观，不需要改变射频的布局布线等，操作简单方便，且容易实现。
在本发明实施例中提供了一种天线形式，天线可以是支架天线，也可以是激光直接成型(Laser-Direct-structuring，简称为LDS)天线，天线与终端的印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，简称为PCB)板通过弹片进行连接，共有三个弹片，三个弹片依次排列，中间为天线的馈电点，旁边两个是接地点。下面结合实施例对本发明进行说明：
实施例一
在一个可选的实施例中，提供了一种天线，包括：天线主体支节和天线耦合支节，其中，该天线主体支节设置为调节天线的低频带宽，该天线耦合支节与天线主体支节耦合，设置为调节天线的中频和/或高频带宽，该天线耦合支节包括至少一个可调节的闭合点。在本实施例中，该可调节的闭合点是位于天线耦合支节的闭合支节上的，也就是说，在本实施例中， 调节天线的中高频带宽的天线耦合支节是一个闭合的结构，该闭合支节的形状可以是多种，在实际应用中可以根据使用需求设计成需要的闭合形状。例如，闭合支节可以包括如下至少之一：多边形支节、圆形支节、椭圆形支节、不规则圆形支节。通过本发明中的实施例，采用闭合的天线耦合支节来调节天线的中高频带宽，只需改变的天线的形状即可，无需对安装天线的终端进行改造，从而不会增加终端产品的成本，此外，采用闭合的天线耦合支节能是不会降低天线的TRP的，即能够实现在保证TRP的同时降低SAR值的效果，从而实现有效降低SAR的目的。
正如上述所陈述的，天线与终端的PCB板是通过弹片进行连接，在本实施例中，闭合的天线耦合枝节与天线的主体(即，天线主体支节)相互耦合作用来实现高频性能，此天线形式具有较低SAR值的优势。其中，天线主体支节与PCB板是通过馈电点进行连接的，天线耦合支节是通过接地点与PCB板进行接触，具体示意图可以参考图1。
在本实施例中，天线的主体支节可以包括以下天线至少之一：IFA天线、PIFA天线、单极子天线。也就是说天线的主体支节是一般的天线走线形式，与常规的天线设计无差别，其中，单极子天线需要较大的净空面积，SAR值相对偏高；PIFA天线虽然不需要净空，但对高度有较高要求，且通常带宽也较窄；IFA天线是PIFA天线的变形，需要部分净空或者是全部净空，当有部分净空时，参考地会下移，因此对高度的要求就会下降。一般的天线耦合支节不采用闭合的形状，在本发明实施例中为了发挥闭合形天线的低SAR优势，又要确保整机尺寸不加大，将高频部分用闭合形的耦合枝节与天线主体枝节相互耦合来实现。闭合形耦合枝节的作用是调节中高频，通过调节耦合支节的形状、位置、长短、走线宽窄等来和主体支节相互作用，从而增加高频带宽，调节天线的整体性能。通过改变环的大小、形状和位置，可以调节TRP和SAR值的高低，以及SAR的热点分布，从而达到保证辐射功率的同时降低SAR值的效果。其中，不同的天线主体支节可以对应不同闭合形的天线耦合支节，比如，当天线主体支节包括IFA天线或PIFA天线时，天线耦合支节中的闭合支节可以包括三角 形耦合支节。再比如，当天线主体支节包括单极子天线时，天线耦合支节中的闭合支节可以包括四边形耦合支节。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述天线耦合支节还包括：连接线，该连接线的一端与天线耦合支节的闭合点连接，该连接线的另一端被设置为与终端中用于连接天线耦合支节的接地点连接，该连接线的线长是根据天线传播的波的波长确定的，其中，该终端被设置为安装有天线。需要说明的是，该连接线也可以是天线耦合支节的一部分，与闭合的耦合支节构成一个整体。正如上述所陈述的，连接线的线长是根据波长确定的，通过改变连接线的线长可以使其长度等于需要降低的SAR值的频率点对应的波长，而波长＝电磁波的传播速度/天线的工作频率，所以，调节连接线的线长可以达到调节天线的性能和SAR值的大小的目的。可选地，上述连接线中可以包括一个第一直边支节，该第一直边支节被设置为与上述接地点连接；上述的天线主体支节中可以包括一个第二直边支节，该第二直边支节被设置为与终端的馈电点连接；其中，该第一直边支节与第二直边支节之间的走线宽度为1mm-4mm。
在一个可选的实施例中，上述天线主体支节中的与终端的馈电点连接的天线走线长度为5mm-10mm。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行说明：
具体实施例一
在本具体实施例中，以天线主体枝节采用IFA的天线形式，天线耦合枝节(也可以简称为耦合支节)采用闭合形枝节(即，天线耦合支节包括闭合支节)为例，对本发明进行说明：
图2是根据本发明具体实施例一的天线走线示意图，如图2所示，走线分为天线主体支节、天线耦合支节两个部分。其中天线主体支节采用IFA形式，如图2所示，右边的三条走线是实现低频性能，左边的一条走线是与耦合枝节相互耦合作用实现高频性能。天线耦合支节是直接从旁边的接 地馈点引出的一根走线，其作用是通过与主体支节相耦合，调节中高频带宽，实现中高频性能。
耦合枝节和天线主体枝节的走线宽度a可以是1mm—4mm，天线主体枝节的第一节走线长度b可以是5mm—10mm，其余的走线长度和形式在本实施例中不做限定，环形耦合枝节的闭合点为c，调整c点的位置，可以改变环的大小，即改变c点到d点的线长L，使得L等于需要降低SAR值的频率点对应的波长，而L值是根据波长＝电磁波的传播速度/工作频率，可以计算出来。调节L的大小，可以达到调节天线的性能和SAR值大小的目的。耦合支节上的闭合环是本发明的核心所在，即使用环形耦合枝节，环的形状、大小以及位置不限定。该环和天线主体支节之间相互耦合作用，环的形状不同、大小不同以及开环的位置不同等，均会影响到其和天线主体支节之间的耦合效果，影响天线的象限和辐射方向，改变天线的热点分布，达到调节TRP和SAR值的效果。表1是未使用环形耦合枝节的TRP和SAR的数据，表2是使用环形耦合枝节的数据。从数据对比中可以看出，使用环形耦合枝节对降低中高频部分的SAR值有明显作用。
表1
制式 TRP(dBm) SAR(w/kg)
WCDMA1900 20.8 1.75
LTE Band2 21.1 1.85
LTE Band4 21.2 1.5
表2
制式 TRP(dBm) SAR(w/kg)
WCDMA1900 20.6 1.35
LTE Band2 21 1.4
LTE Band4 21 1.2
具体实施例二
在本具体实施例中，以天线主体枝节采用单极子的天线形式，天线耦合枝节(也可以简称为耦合支节)采用闭合形枝节为例，对本发明进行说明：
图3是根据本发明具体实施例二的天线走线的示意图，如图3所示，走线同样分为天线主体支节和环形耦合支节两个部分。其中天线主体支节采用单极子形式，实现低频性能。耦合支节也同样是直接从旁边接地馈点引出的一根走线和主体支节相互作用，调节中高频带宽，实现中高频性能。耦合枝节和天线主体枝节的走线宽度a可以是1mm—4mm，天线主体枝节的第一节走线长度b可以是5mm—10mm，其余的走线长度和形式这里不做限定，环形耦合枝节的闭合点为c，调整c点的位置，可以改变环的大小，即改变c点到d点的线长L，使得L等于需要降低SAR值的频率点对应的波长，而L值是根据波长＝电磁波的传播速度/工作频率，可以计算出来。调节L的大小，可以达到调节天线的性能和SAR值大小的目的。与图2不同的是耦合支节上的环的形状和c点位置不同，验证结果表明，该种形式的天线同样有效降低了中高频部分的SAR值，并保证了TRP的性能并未受到损失。
具体实施例三
图4是根据本发明具体实施例三的天线形式示意图，天线的主体部分可以使用各种天线形式，在这并不做限定，耦合枝节使用的是圆形耦合枝节
具体实施例四
图5是根据本发明具体实施例四的天线形式示意图，天线的主体部分可以使用各种天线形式，在这并不做限定，耦合枝节使用的是方形耦合枝节。
实施例二
在本发明实施例中还提供了一种终端，该终端包括上述实施例所述的天线。
上述的终端包括以下至少之一：手机、数据卡、客户终端设备(Customer Premises Equipment，简称为CPE)、可穿戴设备、追踪器。
在本发明的实施例一和实施例二中，所描述的天线形式可以与开关调谐技术、可变电容调谐技术组合使用，开关调谐和可变电容调谐均是在天线的匹配电路上运用。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例中的方案不需要增加任何装置，也不需要改变结构件的外观，不需要改变射频的布局布线等，操作简单方便，且容易实现。现有的降SAR举措中有很多弊端，在超出FCC认证测试的标准(1.6mw/g)不多，且TRP有较大余量的情况下，通常现有的技术都是采用降低传导功率的方法来降低SAR值，这种方法最简单直接，但由于传导功率是同一个BAND的高中低三个信道同时降低，不能单个信道单独降低，这就要求三个信道的TRP要很平，三个信道都要有足够的余量才行，否则就要以牺牲产品有源测试(Over The Air，简称为OTA)性能的代价来换取SAR值的降低了。另一种常用的方法就是在SAR热点分布的区域贴附吸波材料来降低SAR值，这种方法虽然也比较简单方便，但存在一些局限性，那就是有些天线的热点分布不是分布在主板上，而是分布在天线走线区域，或者不是分布在平整的区域，而是分布在有沟槽或者有屏幕的区域，这样就使得吸波材料无法贴附使用。另外，吸波材料贴附的厚度也会影响装机的效果，出现与结构件干涉的现象，或者由于吸波材料过厚从而导致天线弹片和天线本身接触不良的问题等。更重要的是，吸波材料的使用会增加产品的采购成本，从而削弱产品的市场竞争力。在天线结构的设计上，现有技术中一般是不使用耦合枝节来设计，或者即使 使用耦合枝节来设计，也不是闭合的耦合枝节。而本发明实施例中的方案本发明的核心恰恰是在闭合的耦合枝节上，采用闭合的天线耦合支节能够有效规避上述的所有问题，既保证了产品的TRP性能，又降低了SAR值，同时不需要在产品结构及射频布局上做任何改动，也不会增加成本。
综上可知，本发明实施例中提供的是一种低SAR值的天线形式，通过使用环形耦合枝节与天线的主体支节耦合实现中高频部分，而天线的主体枝节实现低频部分。通过改变环的大小、形状和位置，可以调节TRP和SAR值的高低，以及SAR的热点分布。采用本发明实施例中的方案，可以达到如下有益效果：
1、本发明实施例中的方案不需要降低TRP，不需要牺牲产品的OTA性能。传统方案中首先考虑的降SAR方法是降低TRP，牺牲产品性能。而该方案可以通过调节环的位置和环大小来保证TRP的指标，使得TRP维持在同等水平的同时，SAR值能有效降低。这样既保证了产品性能，同时达到降SAR效果。
2、本发明实施例中的方案不增加产品成本。常规方案中不论是贴附吸波材料还是增加感应芯片等，无疑都会使得产品的成本增加，从而降低市场的竞争力。而该方案不需要增加任何装置，也不需要对结构件、射频、基带等做任何更改，操作简单易于实现，不会为产品增加任何经济成本和时间成本。
3、本发明实施例中的方案能有效降低中高频SAR值。该方案适用于多种天线形式，经过验证，证明其在降低中高频SAR值方面确实有明显的效果。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来 执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明实施例提供的一种天线及终端具有以下有益效果：采用闭合的天线耦合支节来调节天线的中高频带宽，只需改变的天线的形状即可，无需对安装天线的终端进行改造，从而不会增加终端产品的成本，此外，采用闭合的天线耦合支节能是不会降低天线的TRP的，即能够实现在保证TRP的同时降低SAR值的效果，从而实现有效降低SAR的目的。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线，包括：
    天线主体支节，所述天线主体支节设置为调节天线的低频带宽；
    天线耦合支节，所述天线耦合支节与所述天线主体支节耦合，设置为调节所述天线的中频和/或高频带宽；
    其中，所述天线耦合支节包括至少一个可调节的闭合点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述可调节的闭合点位于所述天线耦合支节的闭合支节上，所述闭合支节包括以下至少之一：
    多边形支节、圆形支节、椭圆形支节、不规则圆形支节。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述天线主体支节包括以下天线至少之一：
    IFA天线、PIFA天线、单极子天线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其中，当所述天线主体支节包括IFA天线或PIFA天线时，所述可调节的闭合点所在的闭合支节包括三角形耦合支节，所述闭合支节位于所述天线耦合支节上。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其中，当所述天线主体支节包括单极子天线时，所述可调节的闭合点所在的闭合支节包括四边形耦合支节，所述闭合支节位于所述天线耦合支节上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述天线耦合支节还包括：
    连接线，所述连接线的一端与所述闭合点连接，所述连接线的另一端被设置为与用于连接所述天线耦合支节的接地点连接，所述连接线的线长是根据所述天线传播的波的波长确定的。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其中，
    所述连接线包括：第一直边支节，所述第一直边支节被设置为与所述接地点连接；
    所述天线主体支节包括：第二直边支节，所述第二直边支节被设置为与馈电点连接；
    其中，所述第一直边支节与所述第二直边支节之间的走线宽度为1mm-4mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线，其中：
    所述天线主体支节中的与馈电点连接的天线走线长度为5mm-10mm。
  9. 一种终端，包括权利要求1至8中任一项所述的天线。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的终端，其中，所述终端包括以下至少之一：
    手机、数据卡、客户终端设备CPE、可穿戴设备、追踪器。
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