Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/34—Nitriles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
  • A01N59/20—Copper
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
  • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to agrochemical combinations for the control of plant pests. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel combinations, compositions comprising these combinations and methods of using the combinations for the treatment of plant propagation material.
• Combination of insecticides and fungicides are used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect and fungal pests, reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, and decrease chances of development of resistance.
• the combination of insecticides and fungicides at times demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect that results in an improved control on the pests.
• one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicides for the control of soil borne pests.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling insect pests and fungal diseases around plant propagation material.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicides that promote plant health.
• Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.
• an aspect of the present invention can provide combinations of fipronil; azoxystrobin; at least one benzimidazole fungicide; and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• Another aspect of the present invention can provide a method of improving yield in crops, the method comprising applying, to a plant propagation material of said crop, a combination comprising fipronil, azoxystrobin, at least one benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• Yet another aspect of the present invention can provide a method of improving plant health, the method comprising applying, to a plant propagation material of said crop, a combination comprising fipronil, azoxystrobin, a benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• Another aspect of the present invention can provide a composition for treating plant propagation material, the composition comprising fipronil, azoxystrobin, at least one benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• the present invention can provide a method of controlling pests by treating a plant propagation material with a composition comprising fipronil, azoxystrobin, at least one benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• the present invention can provide a composition for improving plant health, the method comprising applying to a plant propagation material of said crop, a combination comprising fipronil, azoxystrobin, a benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.
• plant propagation material refers to the parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the propagation of the plant and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes). There may be mentioned, e.g., the seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, parts of plants. Germinated plants or young plants, which may be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil.
• Insecticidal refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit, growth rate of insects.
• Fungicidal refers to the ability of a substance to decrease or inhibit growth of fungi.
• insects refers to an amount of an active that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated.
• To“control” or“controlling” insects means to inhibit, through a toxic effect, the ability of insect pests to survive, grow, feed, and/or reproduce, or to limit insect-related damage or loss in crop plants or denotes control and prevention of a disease. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, decrease of the fugal disease or insect pest.
• To“control” insects may or may not mean killing the insects, although it preferably means killing the insects.
• the term“agriculturally acceptable amount of active” refers to an amount of an active that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated.
• improved seed vigour refers to seed properties that determines potential for fast and uniform emergence, and development of seedlings under a wide range of field conditions, when compared with the same trait in a control plant which has been grown under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention.
• Such traits may include, early and/or improved germination, improved emergence, increased root growth, a developed root system, increased root nodulation, increased shoot growth, improvement in plant height, an increase in plant weight (fresh or dry), bigger leaf blades, greener leaf colour, increased pigment content, increased photosynthetic activity, earlier flowering, longer panicles, early grain maturity, increased seed, fruit or pod size, increased pod or ear number, increased seed number per pod or ear, increased seed mass, enhanced seed filling, delay of senescence, and improved vitality of the plant.
• the present inventors found unexpected synergy when fipronil and azoxystrobin was combined with a benzimidazole fungicide and either a multi-site fungicide or a neonicotinoid insecticide. More specifically, the present inventors found unexpected synergy when fipronil and azoxystrobin was combined with either carbendazim or thiophanate methyl and either imidacloprid or a multi-site fungicide or both.
• Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide which acts on the insects’ central nervous system by blocking GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride channels. Its chemical name is (RS)-5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4- (trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
• Azoxystrobin is a systemic fungicide belonging to the strobilurin class of compounds. Its mode of action is bought about by attaching to the Qo site of Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby preventing production of ATP. Its chemical name is methyl (E)-2- ⁇ 2-[6-(2- cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl ⁇ -3-methoxyacrylate.
• Benzimidazole fungicides inhibit mitosis and cell division in fungi. They are broad spectrum fungicides that are known to control a wide variety of fungi.
• Neonicotinoid insecticides are systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. These insecticides are known to control a broad spectrum of insect pests.
• nAChR Acetylcholine receptor
• Multi-site fungicides are known to attack fungi at multiple sites. These fungicides are used for broad-spectrum disease control.
• Known multi-site fungicides include but are not limited to dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitriles, inorganic fungicides, sulfamides, bis-guanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, dicoarboxamides etc.
• the present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention surprisingly results in a synergistic action.
• the combinations of the present invention allow for a broad spectrum of pest control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield.
• the broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
• an aspect of the present invention can provide combinations comprising:
• At least one active agent selected from a neonicotinoid insecticide or a multi-site fungicide or both.
• the benzimidazole fungicide is selected from at least one of albendazole, benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, cypendazole, debacarb, fuberidazole, mecarbinzid, rabenzazole, thiabendazole, furophanate, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl.
• the benzimidazole fungicide is selected from benomyl, carbendazim and thiophanate or thiophanate-methyl.
• the benzimidazole fungicide is carbendazim.
• the benzimidazole fungicide is thiophanate methyl.
• the multi-site fungicide is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitriles, inorganic fungicides, sulfamides, bis-guanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, and di carboxamides.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from asamobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from maneb, mancozeb and zineb.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
• the multi-site fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide selected from captan, captafol and folpet.
• the multi-site fungicide is a chloronitrile fungicide such as chlorothalonil. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a sulfamide fungicide selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid.
• the multi-site fungicide is a bis-guanidine fungicide selected from guazatine and iminoctadine.
• the multi-site fungicide is a triazine fungicide selected from anilazine. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a quinone fungicide dithianon.
• the multi-site fungicide is a quinoxaline fungicide selected from quinomethionate and chlorquinox. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a dicarboxamide fungicide selected from fluoroimide.
• the multi-site fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicylate C7H 4 03*Cu, cuprous oxide CU2O; or sulphur.
• copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicylate C7H 4 03*Cu, cuprous oxide CU2O; or sulphur.
• the neonicotinoid insecticide may be selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam.
• the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid.
• an embodiment of the present invention can provide combinations for treatment of plant propagation material comprising:
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate- methyl
• At least one active agent selected from imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, mancozeb, maneb, zineb, folpet, chlorothalonil, and tribasic copper sulfate.
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl
• Another embodiment of the present invention may provide combinations comprising: i) fipronil;
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate- methyl
• azoxystrobin iii) azoxystrobin; iii) a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate- methyl; and
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate- methyl
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate- methyl
• the constituent fungicides of the combination of the present invention may be admixed in ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80): (1-80) of the fipronil, azoxystrobin, benzimidazole fungicide, neonicotinoid or multi-site fungicide respectively.
• the combinations of the present invention may be admixed with suitable agrochemical adjuvants to form compositions.
• an aspect of the present invention may provide a seed treatment composition comprising:
• azoxystrobin iii) azoxystrobin; iii) a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl;
• an active selected from neonicotinoid or a multi-site fungicide or both;
• Another aspect of the present invention may provide a seed treatment composition comprising:
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl
• At least one active agent selected from imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, mancozeb, maneb, zineb, folpet, chlorothalonil, and tribasic copper sulfate; and
• the total amount of fipronil in the composition may typically be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 90% by weight.
• the total amount of azoxystrobin in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.
• the total amount of benzimdazole inhibitor in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.
• the total amount of neonicotinoid in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight or the total amount of multi-site fungicide in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.
• the constituent fungicides and insecticides of the composition of the present invention may be admixed in ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80): (1-80) of the fipronil, azoxystrobin, benzimidazole fungicide and either neonicotinoid or multi-site fungicide respectively.
• the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be applied as per known methods of application to seeds and other plant propagation material or transplanted saplings.
• the compositions can be formulated into either solid or liquid formulations that are suitable for application to plant propagation material.
• the formulation may be made as known formulation types such as wettable powders (WP), solutions (LS), emulsions (ES), suspension concentrates (FS), water dispersible granule (WG), or aqueous suspension concentrate (CS).
• the formulation may be applied by various methods such methods using conventional treating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters, spouted beds etc.
• Pre and post coating procedures such as sizing etc., may also be carried out. Such procedures are known in the art. It is readily understood that plant propagation material will be treated only once it is removed from the plant and is ready to be re-sown. In an embodiment, the treatment may occur before sowing of the plant propagation material so that the sown material has been pre-treated with the combination.
• seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the combinations according to the invention. As a result of the treatment, the active ingredients in the combination are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pest and/or disease control.
• the formulations may contain standard agriculturally acceptable adjuvants, carriers, diluents, emulsifiers, fillers, anti-foaming agents, thickening agents, anti freezing agents, biocides, pigments etc.
• Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers may include, but are not limited to, crop oil concentrates; methylated seed oils, emulsified methylated seed oil, nonylphenol ethoxylate; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salt; blend of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anionic surfactant; C9-C11 alkylpolyglycoside; phosphated alcohol ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (C12- C16) ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; polysiloxane-methyl cap; nonylphenol ethoxylate, urea ammonium nitrate; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO); tallow amine ethoxylate ; PEG(400) dioleate-99, alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; al
• Suitable liquid carriers that may be employed in a composition of the present invention may include water or organic solvents.
• the organic solvents include, but are not limited to, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; esters of the above vegetable oils; esters of monoalcohols or dihydric, trihydric, or other lower polyalcohols (4-6 hydroxy containing), such as 2-ethyl hexyl stearate, n-butyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, di-octyl succinate, di-butyl adipate, di-octyl phthalate and the like; est
• Organic solvents include, but are not limited to toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethyl alkylamides, dimethyl sulfoxide.
• Solid carriers that may be employed in the compositions of the present invention may include but are not limited to attapulgite, pyrophyllite clay, silica, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, talc, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, cellulose etc.
• Thickeners such as silicates such as meal silicates, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylalcohol, sodium alginate, Sodium poly acrylate, xanthan gum, welan gum, gum arabic, montmorillonite, lignosulfonates, hydroxy methyl cellulose, dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof;
• Anti-freezing agents such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, preferably propylene glycol and the like.
• Anti-foaming agents such as silicone oils, mineral oils, Fatty acid ester; biocides such as sodium benzoate, 1 ,2-benzisothiazoline - 3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates and the like.
• Pigments may also be included in the formulation and may include but are not limited to pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57: 1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, violet 23, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
• Polymers such as such polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gel-forming carraagheenans, water-soluble gelatine and casein, superabsorbent polymers such polyacrylamides and polyacrylates based polymers, Semi-synthetic or fully- synthetic peptide/protein-based superabsorbent polymers such as collagen-based synthetic polymers, elastin-like polypeptides, polyaspartic acid, polyaspartates, polyglutamic acid, polyglutamate, Semi-synthetic or fully-synthetic polysaccharide: carboxymethyl starch , sulfoethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfoethyl cellulos, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, chitosan; cross-linked polysaccharides such as CMS cross-linked with multi- functional carboxylic acids or multi-functional epoxides and the like.
• Polysaccharide graft copolymer Polysaccharides obtained by graft polymerizing a monomer onto a polysaccharide, wherein the monomer is selected from acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2- acrylamido-2-methyl- propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), vinyl sulfonic acid, ethyl acrylate, and potassium acrylate and the like.
• AMPS 2- acrylamido-2-methyl- propanesulfonic acid
• the combination of the present invention are effective against phytopathogenic fungi, especially occurring in plants, including seed borne fungi and belong to the following classes such as those selected from Ascomycetes (e.g. Penicillium, Gaeumannomyces graminis); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia,
• Rhizoctonia, Puccinia Rhizoctonia, Puccinia
• Fungi imperfecti e. g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides
• Oomycetes e. g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Bremia, Pythium, Plasmopara
• Zygomycetes e.g., Rhizopus spp.
• the combination of the present invention is especially effective against Alternaria spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp., Claviceps purpurea, Cochliobolus spp., Colletotrichum spp., Diplodia maydis, Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium spp.
• the present combinations may be used to control insect pests such as those from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia spp., Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Crysodeixis includens, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp.
• Trogoderma spp. from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example, ijposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp.
• Thrips palmi Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.
• Heteroptera for example, Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma
• Homoptera for example, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp.,
• Lecanium corni Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Athalia rosae, Atta spp.,
• Vespa spp. from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, , Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, , Liriomyza spp.
• Dermanyssus gallinae Eotetranychus carpini, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; and from the class Nematoda, for example, the species of Meloidogyne spp.
• Heterodera spp. for example, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii
• Globodera spp. for example, Globodera rostochiensis
• Radopholus spp. for example, Radopholus similes
• Rotylenchulus spp. Pratylenchus spp.
• the combination of the present invention may be used for treatment of plant propagation material of crops such as cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; beets such as sugar beet and fodder beet; leguminous plants such as beans, lentils, peas, soybean; oil plants such as rape, mustard, sunflowers; cucurbits such as marrows, cucumbers, melons; fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, jute; vegetables such spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika as well as ornamentals such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers.
• crops such as cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops
• beets such as sugar beet and fodder beet
• leguminous plants such
• the plant propagation material may also be used on varieties of plant propagation material such as conventional, hybrid or transgenic plants.
• the combinations of the present invention may further contain herbicide, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, biologicals, other plant growth additives such as mycorrhiza, silicic acid, plant derived growth promoters etc.
• the present invention may provide methods of improving vigour or yield of the plant comprising, applying to a plant propagation material before sowing, a combination comprising:
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl
• an active agent selected from imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, or a multi-site fungicide or both.
• the multi-site fungicide is a dithiocarbamate fungicide.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
• the multi-site fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide selected from captan, captafol and folpet.
• the multi-site fungicide is a chloronitrile fungicide such as chlorothalonil.
• the multi-site fungicide is a sulfamide fungicide selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a bis-guanidine fungicide selected from guazatine and iminoctadine.
• the multi-site fungicide is a triazine fungicide selected from anilazine.
• the multi-site fungicide is a quinone fungicide selected from dithianon. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a quinoxaline fungicide selected from quinomethionate and chlorquinox. In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a dicarboxamide fungicide selected from fluoroimide.
• the multi-site fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicylate C7H 4 03*Cu, cuprous oxide CU2O; or sulphur.
• copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicylate C7H 4 03*Cu, cuprous oxide CU2O; or sulphur.
• the present invention may provide methods of controlling soil borne fungi and insect pests, the method comprising, applying to a plant propagation material before sowing, a combination comprising:
• a benzimidazole fungicide selected from carbendazim or thiophanate methyl
• an active selected from imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, mancozeb, maneb, zineb, folpet, chlorothalonil, and tribasic copper sulfate or a multi-site fungicide or both.
• the multi-site fungicide is a dithiocarbamate fungicide.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
• the multi-site fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide selected from captan, captafol and folpet.
• the multi-site fungicide is a chloronitrile fungicide such as chlorothalonil.
• the multi-site fungicide is a sulfamide fungicide selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid.
• the multi-site fungicide is a bis-guanidine fungicide selected from guazatine and iminoctadine.
• the multi-site fungicide is a triazine fungicide selected from anilazine.
• the multi-site fungicide is a quinone fungicide selected from dithianon.
• the multi-site fungicide is a quinoxaline fungicide selected from quinomethionate and chlorquinox.
• the multi-site fungicide is a dicarboxamide fungicide selected from fluoroimide.
• the multi-site fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicylate C7H 4 03*Cu, cuprous oxide CU2O; or sulphur.
• the combination of the present invention may be presented as a kit of parts, or as a ready mix formulation that may be readily applied to the plant propagation material or may be applied to plant propagation material before being commercially vended.
• the combination of the invention could be adapted to a violet color associated to the "optical brightness” providing nighttime brightness through black light, making it difficult to falsify the product and aiding the differentiation of grain for treated seed.
• the combinations displayed improvement of the plant defense mechanism against pathogens. It promoted the growth of the seedlings through the increment of the root system, with greater depth of roots and better utilization of nutrients. Increased photosynthetic, consequently lower energy consumption of the seedling providing vigorous growth, conditioning the plant to achieve superior productivity even under stress conditions
• the combinations of the invention facilitated better coverage of seeds due to adherence products through a differentiated and specific formulation for the treatment of seeds, consequently less loss of active ingredient.
• Example 2 The combination UPL2 according to the present invention was tested for seed treatment advantages in dry bean, and compared vis-a-vis the industry standard of thiadicarb 225 g/L and imidacloprid 75 g/L.
• the dry bean seeds were treated with the following regimen, and the percentage control of Bemisia tabaci nymphs was calculated using Abbott’s formula. The following results were tabulated:

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• 2020
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