WO2019137149A1 - 一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法 - Google Patents

一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法 Download PDF

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WO2019137149A1
WO2019137149A1 PCT/CN2018/120937 CN2018120937W WO2019137149A1 WO 2019137149 A1 WO2019137149 A1 WO 2019137149A1 CN 2018120937 W CN2018120937 W CN 2018120937W WO 2019137149 A1 WO2019137149 A1 WO 2019137149A1
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rainwater
water
regional
reservoir
region
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PCT/CN2018/120937
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王小军
张建云
陈凤
黄钦
田晓庆
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水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院
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Priority to US16/959,428 priority Critical patent/US11326325B2/en
Publication of WO2019137149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019137149A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B11/00—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply
    • E03B11/10—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply for public or like main water supply
    • E03B11/14—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply for public or like main water supply of underground tanks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B5/00—Use of pumping plants or installations; Layouts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • E03F5/101—Dedicated additional structures, interposed or parallel to the sewer system
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/22—Adaptations of pumping plants for lifting sewage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F2201/00—Details, devices or methods not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F2201/00—Details, devices or methods not otherwise provided for
    • E03F2201/10—Dividing the first rain flush out of the stormwater flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rainwater collection and utilization, and particularly relates to a regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system and a mixing method.
  • Rainwater is a basic, direct and economical natural resource and an important link in the water cycle system.
  • Rainwater utilization is an ancient traditional technology. With the progress of human society and technological development, rainwater utilization technology has gradually received attention and made great progress.
  • Rainwater utilization not only involves the protection and utilization of water resources, but also has close links with drainage systems and ecological environment. At present, most cities in China use rainwater pipes to eliminate rainwater, which not only makes a large amount of resources flow directly, but also the surface runoff rainwater enters people's rivers, lakes and other water bodies along urban drainage pipes, which intensifies the pollution of urban surface water sources and aggravates the contradiction between water supply and demand.
  • Rainwater utilization projects include building roofs, roads and other collection and utilization facilities for collecting rainwater, as well as infiltration facilities and storage facilities for reducing and regulating stormwater runoff and replenishing groundwater resources; Runoff pollution control and purification facilities, etc.
  • there are few advanced rainwater collection and utilization technologies in China and they are biased into specific projects for individual projects or communities.
  • the utilization rate of rainwater in China is low, and regional scale and systematic use of rainwater has not yet been formed. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system and a deployment method for solving the current problem that the rainwater utilization technology has low utilization rate of rainwater, and has not formed a large-scale regional and systematic use of rainwater.
  • the present invention provides a regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system, the regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system comprising a rainwater collection system, a water quality treatment system and a control deployment system, the rainwater collection system comprising a hardened underlying surface Rainwater collecting ditch pipes, barriers and reservoirs, the water treatment system comprising a filtration system, the control mixing system comprising a water quality monitoring device, a water level monitor, a control gate and a water pump; the inlet of the filtration system passing the rainwater
  • the collection trench conduit is in communication with the underlying surface
  • the outlet of the filtration system is in communication with the reservoir
  • the control gate is disposed between the filtration system and the reservoir
  • the water pump is disposed in the water reservoir for discharging water in the water reservoir
  • the barrier is disposed on an outer circumference of the cushioning underlying surface.
  • the water treatment system further comprises a precipitation system.
  • the present invention also provides a regional rainwater blending method, the regional rainwater blending method comprising the following steps:
  • Step a selecting a region, collecting and synthesizing hydrometeorological and natural topographic data in the region, introducing a high-precision map of the GIS in the region, constructing a model according to the specific situation of the region, and calculating a water limit height h limit of the monitoring point error!
  • the reference source was not found.
  • the rainwater storage system can store the specific value of the amount of rainwater to construct a basic database of the area;
  • Step b supplementing and perfecting the regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system in the area according to the hydrogeological data in the area and the current status of the regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system, combined with the characteristics of the water resources in the area;
  • Step C the introduction of rain weather forecast data calculated by the model analysis, the total surface Q rainwater resource allocation systems and rainwater storage lag in river levels and quality constraints, the amount of rainwater surface obtained preliminary results formulation;
  • step d during the rainfall process in the region, the model is again calculated according to the monitoring data of real-time rainfall, water level, water quality, and soil moisture. If the calculation result is consistent with the preliminary deployment result, the preliminary deployment result is maintained, otherwise step c is repeated.
  • the model comprises a rainfall model and a rainwater storage model.
  • the hydrometeorology includes rainfall and regional water system data within the area.
  • the natural topographical data includes a land permeability coefficient, a land area and a percentage of the underlying surface area, a type and coverage of the green space vegetation, a rainwater utilization rate, an established rainwater facility, and a regional industrial production type.
  • the system may slow rainwater storage Rainwater specific values include the amount of rainfall and the amount of V Green complementary region may be stored within storage amount V region rain, rainwater may infiltrate the region amount V infiltration, the green region may slow accumulator The amount of fire water is reduced .
  • Rainwater resources are mainly used for greening, ecological water and fire fighting water, and replenishing groundwater, reducing water demand in the region, and also reducing the decline of urban groundwater levels. According to the needs of use, filtration and sedimentation of rainwater resources can effectively reduce the cost of water supply and is an important means for the development and utilization of regional water resources.
  • the invention adopts environmental protection and energy-saving materials, is convenient for installation and disassembly, and reduces the use of engineering materials such as concrete and sandstone, and can effectively reduce secondary pollution, and has simple construction and convenient maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional structural view of a regional rainwater collection and utilization engineering system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for regional rainwater distribution provided by the present invention.
  • the rainwater harvesting and utilization engineering system in this area includes a rainwater collection system, a water quality treatment system, and a control deployment system.
  • the rainwater collecting system includes a rainwater collecting ditch pipe 1, a baffle 3 and a water storage tank 2 for hardening the underlying surface, and the rainwater collecting ditch pipe 1 is arranged along the periphery of the hard underlying surface (road, square, roof, etc.), specifically The setting type parameters are determined according to the local rain intensity, catchment area and runoff system. Generally, the rainwater pipe diameter is DN100-1500mm.
  • the rainwater collecting system such as road plaza can collect rainwater through the water leakage on both sides of the road. The section of the water leakage is adopted. Trapezoidal, conical, U-shaped or rectangular.
  • the barrier 3 is arranged around the green space or the wetland to facilitate the collection and storage of rainwater.
  • the material is made of engineering plastics, steel plates or other materials having a certain strength and being impervious to water, and the height of the barrier 3 is 50-300 mm.
  • the reservoir 2 is designed according to the needs of use and the situation on site, and can meet the conditions of impermeability without affecting the surrounding foundation and foundation.
  • the water treatment system includes a filtration system 4 for filtering the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection ditches 1 to remove impurities in the rainwater.
  • the filtration system 4 is mainly disposed at the rainwater collection port, at the pipeline mouth and the reservoir 2
  • the inlet is filtered by a multi-layer filter with different pore sizes.
  • the minimum pore size of the sieve is 0.43 to 0.28 mm, and the rainwater which removes impurities enters the reservoir 2 under the control of the control gate 5.
  • the water treatment system further includes a sedimentation system, and the sedimentation is mainly performed in the reservoir 2, and the reservoir 2 is periodically cleaned as needed.
  • the control mixing system includes a water quality monitoring device 7, a water level monitor 6, a control gate 5 and a water pump 8, and the water quality monitoring device 7 is disposed in the water reservoir 2 for monitoring the water quality of the rainwater in the water storage tank 2.
  • Level monitor 6 for real-time monitoring the height of the water level in the reservoir 2, the control region allocation system according to claim formulated in the level and quality constraints Q total surface rainwater resource allocation reasonable rainwater storage systems and slow rivers, For the specific deployment method, see Table 1 below, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the present invention also provides a regional rainwater blending method.
  • the rainwater blending method in the region includes the following steps:
  • Step a select the area, collect the hydrometeorological and natural topographic data in the area, introduce the high-resolution map of the area, and construct a model according to the specific conditions of the area, calculate the water limit height h limit of the monitoring point and the rainwater storage system.
  • Hydrometeorology includes rainfall and regional water system data in the area.
  • the natural topographic data includes the land permeability coefficient, the underlying surface of the area (building roof, road, The area and percentage of squares, green spaces, etc., the type and coverage of green space vegetation, rainwater utilization and built rainwater facilities, and regional industrial production types.
  • GIS high-precision maps use the highest possible resolution and are updated in a timely manner.
  • the h limit is the height limit of the water level at the monitoring point.
  • the model includes a rainfall model and a rainwater storage model.
  • Q total Q roof + Q road + Q square + Q green , where Q is the total surface rainwater generated by rainfall in the area, Q roof , Q road , Q plaza and Q green are the rainfall of the rain on the roof, road, square and green space of all buildings in the area.
  • the quantity, s is the regional rainfall calculation area, ⁇ is the runoff coefficient corresponding to the calculated area, and h is the rainfall.
  • Rainwater storage lag model green V V + V + V arc + V retentate reservoir, wherein, V is the total area of hysteresis may be storage rainwater, V may be green to green region of the storage amount of rainwater Delay, V infiltration to be lower in the region the amount of infiltration of rainwater, V supplementary fire water consumption is within the region, V is a storing region can store an amount of rain; formulation system intelligent allocation of resources within the region Q rainwater according to water quality, time, distance, and constraints such as the degree of importance, usually The water quality is wrong! The reference source was not found.
  • V arc, green V, V infiltration can be formulated for different circumstances in different regions according to Table 1.
  • the basic database of the region is mainly composed of regional GIS maps, meteorology, topography, underlying surface, and water ditches.
  • the q in the table is the real-time monitoring water quality after rainwater collection by the system; 2.h is the real-time monitoring water level at different points of rainwater collection, which is the height limit of the monitoring point; 3.
  • the water shortage area is in the system design According to local conditions, design reservoirs and fire pools as much as possible, and water treatment equipment to ensure the full use of rainwater resources.
  • Step b According to the hydrogeological data in the area and the current status of the regional rainwater harvesting and utilization engineering system, combined with the characteristics of the water resources in the area, the regional rainwater harvesting and utilization engineering system in the area is supplemented and improved.
  • the rainwater collection and utilization engineering system includes the rainwater collection system, the water quality treatment system and the control and distribution system as described above, and the above systems are regularly inspected to ensure that the pipelines are unblocked and the equipment is operating normally.
  • step c the rainfall data is introduced according to the weather forecast, and the surface rainwater resources are allocated to the rainwater storage system and the river under the water level and water quality constraints by the model analysis and calculation, and the preliminary distribution results of the surface rainwater amount are obtained.
  • step d is also required to correct the preliminary blending results.
  • step d during the regional rainfall process, the model is again calculated according to the monitoring data of real-time rainfall, water level, water quality, and soil moisture. If the calculation result is consistent with the preliminary deployment result, the preliminary deployment result is maintained, otherwise step c is repeated.
  • step d the preliminary adjustment results are corrected to obtain the optimal deployment result.
  • the remote surface control gate 5 and the water pump 8 are used to transport the regional surface rainwater to the reservoir 2 and the green space to realize the full utilization of the regional rainwater resources.

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Abstract

一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法，区域雨水收集利用工程系统包括雨水汇集系统、水质处理系统和控制调配系统，雨水汇集系统包括硬质化下垫面的雨水汇集沟渠管道（1）、拦挡（3）和蓄水池（2），水质处理系统包括过滤系统（4），控制调配系统包括水质监测设备（7）、水位监测器（6）、控制闸门（5）和水泵（8）；过滤系统（4）通过雨水汇集沟渠管道与下垫面连通，过滤系统（4）与蓄水池（2）连通，控制闸门（5）设置于过滤系统（4）与蓄水池（2）之间，水质监测设备（7）和水位监测器（6）设置于蓄水池（2）中，水泵（8）用于将蓄水池（2）中的水排出，拦挡（3）设置于可蓄渗下垫面的外周。该区域雨水收集利用工程系统可有效提高雨水的利用率，减少水体污染，减轻地表径流造成的水土流失。

Description

一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法 技术领域
本发明涉及雨水收集利用技术领域，具体涉及一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法。
背景技术
雨水是一种最基本、直接、经济的自然资源，是水循环系统中的重要环节。雨水利用是一种古老的传统技术，随着人类社会的进步和技术发展，雨水利用技术逐步受到重视并有了很大进步。雨水利用不仅涉及到水资源的保护与利用，还与排水系统、生态环境等有着密切的联系。当前我国大多数城市采用雨水管道排除雨水，不仅使大量资源直接流走，且地表径流雨水沿城市排水管道进人河、湖等水体，加剧了城市地表水源的污染，加剧了水资源供需矛盾。
目前我国雨水资源化利用技术还处在初级发展水平，雨水利用工程包括建筑物屋顶、道路等汇集雨水的收集利用设施，以及削减、调节雨水径流、补充地下水资源的渗透设施和调蓄设施；雨水径流污染控制与净化设施等，目前国内先进的雨水收集利用技术形式较少，而且偏向应用于单项工程或小区的具体工程，导致我国雨水利用率低，尚未形成区域规模化、系统性地利用雨水。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统及调配方法，用以解决现有的雨水利用技术存在雨水利用率低，尚未形成区域规模化、系统性地利用雨水的现实难题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统，所述区域雨水收集利用工程系统包括雨水汇集系统、水质处理系统和控制调配系统，所述雨水汇集系统包括硬质化下垫面的雨水汇集沟渠管道、拦挡和蓄水池，所述水质处理系统包括过滤系统，所述控制调配系统包括水质监测设备、水位监测器、控制闸门和水泵；所述过滤系统的入口通过所述雨水汇集沟渠管道与下垫面连通，所述过滤系统的出口与所述蓄水池连通，所述控制闸门设置于所述过滤系统与所述蓄水池之间，所述水质监测设备和水位监测器设置于所述蓄水池中，所述水泵用于将所述蓄水池中的水排出，所述拦挡设置于可蓄渗下垫面的外周。
优选的，所述水质处理系统还包括沉淀系统。
相对应地，本发明还提供一种区域雨水调配方法，所述区域雨水调配方法包括以下步骤：
步骤a，选定区域，搜集整理所述区域内的水文气象和自然地形资料，引入所述区域的GIS高精度地图，根据所述区域具体情况构建模型，计算监测点水位限制高度h 限错误！未找到引用源。和雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值，构建所述区域的基础数据库；
步骤b，根据所述区域内的水文气象资料和区域雨水收集利用工程系统的现状，结合所述区域内水资源的特点，对所述区域内的区域雨水收集利用工程系统进行补充完善；
步骤c，根据天气预报引入降雨数据，通过模型分析计算，将地表雨水资源Q 总在水位和水质约束条件下调配到雨水蓄滞系统以及河流中，得出地表雨水量初步调配结果；
步骤d，在所述区域降雨过程中，根据实时雨量、水位、水质、土壤水分的监测数据再次调用模型进行计算，若计算结果与初步调配结果一致，则维持初步调配结果，否则重复步骤c。
优选的，所述模型包括降雨量模型和雨水蓄滞模型。
优选的，所述水文气象包括区域内的降雨量和区域水系资料。
优选的，所述自然地形资料包括土地渗透系数、区域下垫面的占地 面积和百分比、绿地植被的类型和覆盖率、雨水利用率和已建雨水设施、区域工业生产类型。
优选的，所述雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值包括区域内可储存雨水量V 储、区域内可下渗雨水量V 渗、区域内绿地可蓄滞雨水量V 绿和区域内补充消防水量V 消。
本发明具有如下优点：
1.通过区域雨水调配系统的构建，实现雨水资源化，进行雨水的综合管理，合理规划、高效利用雨水资源，是缓解水资源短缺局面的重要措施。采用控制调配系统进行实时监测和调配使得区域雨水资源利用更加精准和细化，能有效减少重复和不确定的成本。
2.通过区域雨水资源的合理蓄积分配，能够延缓暴雨汇流，减轻洪涝灾害，减轻区域排水和处理系统负荷，减少水体污染，维护城市良性水循环，同时可减轻地表径流造成的水土流失。
3.雨水资源主要用来绿化、生态用水及消防用水和对地下水进行补给，减少区域内的需水量，同时也可缓解城市地下水位下降。根据使用需要对雨水资源进行过滤-沉淀等处理，能有效减少供水水源成本，是区域水资源开发利用的重要手段。
4.本发明均选用环保节能材料，便于安装和拆卸，较传统减少如混凝土、砂石等工程材料的使用，能有效减轻二次污染，施工简单，维护方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的区域雨水收集利用工程系统的俯视结构示意图。
图2为本发明提供的区域雨水收集利用工程系统的侧视剖面结构示意图。
图3为本发明提供的区域雨水调配方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1和2所示，该区域雨水收集利用工程系统包括雨水汇集系统、水质处理系统和控制调配系统。
雨水汇集系统包括硬质化下垫面的雨水汇集沟渠管道1、拦挡3和蓄水池2，雨水汇集沟渠管道1沿硬质化下垫面(道路、广场、屋顶等)的周边设置，具体设置型式参数根据当地的雨强、汇水面积和径流系统确定，通常雨水管径DN100-1500mm，道路广场等雨水收集系统可通过马路两侧的水漏进行雨水的收集，水漏的截面型式采用梯形、圆锥、U形或矩形。拦挡3设置于绿地或湿地的四周，便于汇集和储存雨水，材料采用具有一定强度硬质化且不透水的工程塑料、钢板或其他材料，拦挡3的高度为50-300mm。蓄水池2根据使用需要及现场情况进行设计，在不影响周边地基与基础的情况下满足不渗透的条件即可。
水质处理系统包括过滤系统4，过滤系统4用于对雨水汇集沟渠管道1收集的雨水进行过滤，除去雨水中的杂质，过滤系统4主要设置在雨水汇集口处，在管道口和蓄水池2入口处采用不同孔径的多层滤网进行过滤，滤网最小孔径为0.43～0.28mm，除去杂质的雨水在控制闸门5的控制下进入蓄水池2。进一步的，水质处理系统还包括沉淀系统，沉淀主要在蓄水池2中进行，根据需要定期对蓄水池2进行清理。
控制调配系统包括水质监测设备7、水位监测器6、控制闸门5和水泵8，水质监测设备7设置于蓄水池2中，用于监测蓄水池2中雨水的水质。水位监测器6用于实时监测蓄水池2中水位的高度，控制调配系统根据区域调配的要求，在水位和水质约束条件下将地表雨水资源Q 总合理调配到雨水蓄滞系统以及河流中，具体调配方式，参见下列表格1，在此不再详细介绍。
相对应地，本发明还提供一种区域雨水调配方法，如图3所示，该区域雨水调配方法包括以下步骤：
步骤a，选定区域，搜集整理区域内的水文气象和自然地形资料，引入区域的GIS高精度地图，根据该区域的具体情况构建模型，计算监测点水位限制高度h 限和雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值，构建区域的基础数据库。
区域选定后，首先需要搜集整理区域内的水文气象和自然地形资料，水文气象包括区域内的降雨量和区域水系资料，自然地形资料包括土地渗透系数、区域下垫面(建筑屋面、道路、广场、绿地等)的占地面积和百分比、绿地植被的类型和覆盖率、雨水利用率和已建雨水设施、区域工业生产类型。GIS高精度地图采用尽可能的高精度分辨率，并及时更新。h 限为监测点水位限制高度。
模型包括降雨量模型和雨水蓄滞模型，在降雨量模型中，Q 总＝Q 屋顶+Q 道路+Q 广场+Q 绿，其中Q 总为该区域内降雨产生总的地表雨水量，Q 屋顶、Q 道路、Q 广场和Q 绿分别为区域内所有建筑物屋顶、道路、广场和绿地内降雨的雨水量，模型中雨量采用公式Q＝α*s*h计算，其中Q为降雨产生的地表雨水量，s为区域降雨计算面积，α为计算面积对应的径流系数，h为降雨量。雨水蓄滞模型V＝V 绿+V 渗+V 消+V 储，其中，V为区域内可蓄滞雨水总量，V 绿为区域内绿地可蓄滞雨水量，V 渗为区域内可下渗雨水量，V 消为区域内补充消防水量，V 储为区域内可储存雨水量；调配系统根据水质、时间、距离及重要程度等约束条件对区域内雨水资源Q进行智能分配，通常情况下水质错误！未找到引用源。满足要求时供应顺序为V 储、V 消、V 绿、V 渗，可根据表1针对不同地区不同情况进行调配。在建立模型之后，计算监测点水位限制高度h 限，以及雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值，既V 储、V 消、V 绿、V 渗。区域的基础数据库主要由区域的GIS地图、气象、地形、下垫面、水系沟渠等基础资料组成。
表1.雨水资源调配
Figure PCTCN2018120937-appb-000001
注：1.表中q为经过本系统处理后雨水收集的实时监测水质；2.h为雨水收集不同点的实时监测水位高度，为监测点水位限制高度；3.缺水区域在系统设计时根据当地情况尽可能多设计储水池和消防水池，及水质处理设备，确保雨水资源充分利用。
步骤b，根据区域内的水文气象资料和区域雨水收集利用工程系统的现状，结合区域内水资源的特点，对区域内的区域雨水收集利用工程系 统进行补充完善。
雨水收集利用工程系统包括如上所述的雨水汇集系统、水质处理系统和控制调配系统，对上述系统进行定期检查，确保管道沟渠畅通和设备的运行正常。
步骤c，根据天气预报引入降雨数据，通过模型分析计算，将地表雨水资源在水位和水质约束条件下调配到雨水蓄滞系统以及河流中，得出地表雨水量初步调配结果。
将地表雨水资源在水位和水质约束条件下调配到雨水蓄滞系统以及河流中可按照上述表1进行调配。由于初步调配结果未必是最优化调配结果，因此还需要执行步骤d对初步调配结果进行修正。
步骤d，在区域降雨过程中，根据实时雨量、水位、水质、土壤水分的监测数据再次调用模型进行计算，若计算结果与初步调配结果一致，则维持初步调配结果，否则重复步骤c。
经过步骤d对初步调配结果进行修正，得出最优化调配结果，最后经过远程控制闸门5和水泵8将区域地表雨水输送至蓄水池2和绿地等地，实现区域雨水资源的充分利用。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之做一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种区域雨水收集利用工程系统，所述区域雨水收集利用工程系统包括雨水汇集系统、水质处理系统和控制调配系统，其特征在于，所述雨水汇集系统包括设置在硬质化下垫面周围的雨水汇集沟渠管道、拦挡和蓄水池，所述水质处理系统包括过滤系统，所述控制调配系统包括水质监测设备、水位监测器、控制闸门和水泵；所述过滤系统的入口通过所述雨水汇集沟渠管道与下垫面连通，所述过滤系统的出口与所述蓄水池连通，所述控制闸门设置于所述过滤系统与所述蓄水池之间，所述水质监测设备和水位监测器设置于所述蓄水池中，所述水泵用于将所述蓄水池中的水排出，所述拦挡设置于可蓄渗下垫面的外周。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的区域雨水收集利用工程系统，其特征在于，所述水质处理系统还包括沉淀系统，所述沉淀系统设置在所述蓄水池的底部，以定期清理所述蓄水池内沉淀的杂质。
  3. 一种区域雨水调配方法，其特征在于，所述区域雨水调配方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤a，选定区域，搜集整理所述区域内的水文气象和自然地形资料，引入所述区域的GIS高精度地图，根据所述区域具体情况构建模型，计算监测点水位限制高度h 限错误！未找到引用源。和雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值，构建所述区域的基础数据库；
    步骤b，根据所述区域内的水文气象资料和区域雨水收集利用工程系统的现状，结合所述区域内水资源的特点，对所述区域内的区域雨水收集利用工程系统进行补充完善；
    步骤c，根据天气预报引入降雨数据，通过模型分析计算，将地表雨水资源Q 总在水位和水质约束条件下调配到雨水蓄滞系统以及河流中，得出地表雨水量初步调配结果；
    步骤d，在所述区域降雨过程中，根据实时雨量、水位、水质、土壤水分的监测数据再次调用模型进行计算，若计算结果与初步调配结果一 致，则维持初步调配结果，否则重复步骤c。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的区域雨水调配方法，其特征在于，所述模型包括降雨量模型和雨水蓄滞模型。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的区域雨水调配方法，其特征在于，所述水文气象包括区域内的降雨量和区域水系资料。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的区域雨水调配方法，其特征在于，所述自然地形资料包括土地渗透系数、区域下垫面的占地面积和百分比、绿地植被的类型和覆盖率、雨水利用率和已建雨水设施、区域工业生产类型。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的区域雨水调配方法，其特征在于，所述雨水蓄滞系统可蓄雨水量的具体数值包括区域内可储存雨水量V 储、区域内可下渗雨水量V 渗、区域内绿地可蓄滞雨水量V 绿和区域内补充消防水量V 消。
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