CN107503426A - 一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统及其构建方法 - Google Patents
一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统及其构建方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107503426A CN107503426A CN201710727239.2A CN201710727239A CN107503426A CN 107503426 A CN107503426 A CN 107503426A CN 201710727239 A CN201710727239 A CN 201710727239A CN 107503426 A CN107503426 A CN 107503426A
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Abstract
一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，包括景观池、由内向外依次嵌套在景观池外侧的三级湿地、二级湿地、一级湿地以及嵌套在一级湿地外侧的透水混凝土路面；所述一级湿地与二级湿地之间通过第一连通管路连通，所述二级湿地与三级湿地之间通过第二连通管路连通，所述第一连通管路和第二连通管路交错设置，所述景观池的内壁上端设有水平的溢流管，所述溢流管与市政雨水管网连通。解决现有小区降雨时路面积水、而景观水又存在缺少水源、水质难以维系的问题，同时对于缓解城市内涝有重要作用。
Description
一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统及其构建方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及雨水治理领域，特别是一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统 及其构建方法。
背景技术
[0002] 我国是一个水资源严重缺乏的国家，人均拥有水资源量仅相当于世界人均拥有量 的1/4。全国668座城市中有400多座缺水，其中比较严重的缺水城市达110个。国家民用建筑 节水设计标准(GB50555-2010)规定“景观用水水源不得采用市政自来水和地下井水”，因此 要维持景观水的水质和水量非常困难。然而同时，雨水资源遭到及其严重浪费，雨水集中通 过排水管网外排，又给市政管道带来很大压力，城市内涝时有发生。很多城市面临着逢雨必 涝，同时又水资源短缺的矛盾。
[0003] 人工湿地是一种污水处理方法，它能够利用基质吸附、植物吸收和微生物降解协 同作用，去除水中污染物，净化污水。雨水湿地建设能够净化雨水，同时，经过合理的设计， 还能够蓄存雨水，对于缓解城市内涝，建设海绵城市具有重要意义。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的是提供一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统及其构建方 法，解决现有小区降雨时路面积水、而景观水又存在缺少水源、水质难以维系的问题，同时 对于缓解城市内涝有重要作用。
[0005] 为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
[0006] —种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，包括景观池、由内向外依次嵌套 在景观池外侧的三级湿地、二级湿地、一级湿地以及嵌套在一级湿地外侧的透水混凝土路 面；
[0007] 所述一级湿地与二级湿地之间通过第一连通管路连通，所述二级湿地与三级湿地 之间通过第二连通管路连通，所述第一连通管路和第二连通管路交错设置，所述景观池的 内壁上端设有水平的溢流管，所述溢流管与市政雨水管网连通。
[0008] 所述透水混凝土路面、一级湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地及景观池的顶标高逐级递 减，其中所述一级湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地及景观池的底标高相同，所述透水混凝土路面 的底标尚尚于一级湿地的底标尚。
[0009] 所述透水混凝土路面包括由下至上依次设置的夯实土层、密实混凝土基层、透水 混凝土结构层及透水混凝土面层；所述透水混凝土面层和透水混凝土结构层坡向一级湿 地，且坡度为〇.5%_4%。
[0010] 所述一级湿地包括下至上依次设置的一级湿地防渗层、一级湿地介质层、一级湿 地蓄水层及设在一级湿地介质层内的一级湿地植物。
[0011] 所述二级湿地包括下至上依次设置的二级湿地防渗层、二级湿地介质层、二级湿 地蓄水层及设在二级湿地介质层内的二级湿地植物。
[0012] 所述三级湿地包括下至上依次设置的三级湿地防渗层、三级湿地介质层、三级湿 地蓄水层及设在三级湿地介质层内的三级湿地植物。
[0013] 所述第一连通管路呈L形，其水平段连通在一级湿地的一级湿地防渗层上、竖直段 延伸至二级湿地的二级湿地蓄水层；
[0014] 所述第二连通管路呈L形，其水平的一肢连通在二级湿地的二级湿地防渗层上、竖 直的一肢延伸至三级湿地的三级湿地蓄水层。
[0015] 所述透水混凝土路面、一级湿地、二级湿地及三级湿地呈闭合环形设置或闭合多 边形设置或沿环向间隔设置。
[0016] 所述一级湿地防渗层、所述二级湿地防渗层及所述三级湿地防渗层为土工膜防渗 层或防水涂料防渗层。
[0017] —种应用所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统的构建方法，步骤为：
[0018] 步骤一，施工观景池。
[0019] 步骤二，在观景池池壁安装溢流管、并将溢流管与市政雨水管网连通。
[0020] 步骤三，沿观景池环向施工三级湿地。
[0021] 步骤四，在三级湿地外侧间隔设置第二连通管路。
[0022] 步骤五，沿三级湿地环向施工二级湿地，并与第二连通管路连通。
[0023] 步骤六，在二级湿地外侧间隔设置第一连通管路。
[0024] 步骤七，沿二级湿地环向施工一级湿地，并与第一连通管路连通。
[0025] 步骤八，沿一级湿地环向施工透水混凝土路面。
[0026] 与现有技术相比本发明具有以下特点和有益效果：
[0027] 本发明将透水混凝土路面技术与人工湿地技术有机结合，能够有效净化雨水、补 充景观水，通过景观池蓄存雨水、缓解城市内涝，且该系统具有防阻塞、景观效果好、建设运 行费用低的特点，对于建设海面城市具有重要的意义：
[0028] 1、当降水为小雨和中雨时，雨水经透水混凝土路面收集，雨水从透水混凝土路面 的透水混凝土结构层流入一级湿地，雨水在一级湿地中得到净化，出水由一级湿地的底部 流出，经通过第一连通管路进入二级湿地，净化后再经第二连通管路进入三级湿地，最终净 化出水溢流进入景观池，因此降水能够得到充分净化，为景观水体补水，景观水的水质和水 量能够得到很好的保障。
[0029] 2、当降水为大雨和暴雨时，雨水经透水混凝土路面的透水混凝土结构层和透水混 凝土面层流入一级湿地，一级湿地的一级湿地蓄水层水满后，溢流至二级湿地，二级湿地的 二级湿地蓄水层水满后，溢流至三级湿地，再经三级湿地蓄水层溢流至景观池，能够蓄存部 分雨水，同时使洪峰时间后延，降低市政管道压力，缓解城市内涝。
[0030] 本发明可广泛应用于雨水的收集、调蓄及净化系统中。
附图说明
[0031] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
[0032] 图1是本发明实施例一的平面图。
[0033] 图2是本发明的剖面图。
[0034] 图3是本发明实施例二的平面图。
[0035] 图4是本发明实施例三的平面图。
[0036] 附图标记：1 一景观池、2 — 一级湿地、2.1 — 一级湿地防渗层、2.2 — 一级湿地介质 层、2.3--级湿地蓄水层、2.4--级湿地植物、3 —二级湿地、3.1 —二级湿地防渗层、 3.2—二级湿地介质层、3.3 —二级湿地蓄水层、3.4 —二级湿地植物、4一三级湿地、4.1 一三 级湿地防渗层、4.2 —三级湿地介质层、4.3 —三级湿地蓄水层、4.4一三级湿地植物、5 —透 水混凝土路面、5.1 —穷实土层、5.2 —密实混凝土基层、5.3 —透水混凝土结构层、5.4 —透 水混凝土面层、6—第一连通管路、7—第二连通管路、8—溢流管。
具体实施方式
[0037] 实施例一参见图1和图2所示，一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，适 用于海绵城市建设中住宅小区的雨水治理，包括景观池1、由内向外依次嵌套在景观池外侧 的三级湿地4、二级湿地3、一级湿地2以及嵌套在一级湿地外侧的透水混凝土路面5;所述一 级湿地、二级湿地和三级湿地的设置宽度均为100〜300cm;所述景观池为圆形池体，所述三 级湿地、二级湿地、一级湿地及透水混凝土路面均呈圆环形、且依次嵌套在景观池外围；所 述一级湿地与二级湿地之间通过第一连通管路6连通，所述第一连通管路至少为一个，且沿 环向间隔设置，所述二级湿地与三级湿地之间通过第二连通管路7连通，所述第二连通管路 至少为一个，且沿环向间隔设置，所述第一连通管路和第二连通管路交错设置，避免发生短 流，所述景观池的内壁上端设有水平的溢流管8,所述溢流管与市政雨水管网连通;所述透 水混凝土路面、一级湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地及景观池的顶标高逐级递减，其中所述一级 湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地及景观池的底标高相同，所述透水混凝土路面的底标高高于一级 湿地的底标高;所述一级湿地植物、二级湿地植物及三级湿地植物为芦苇或香蒲或水葱或 黄菖蒲或千屈菜等多年生湿地植物;所述一级湿地防渗层、所述二级湿地防渗层及所述三 级湿地防渗层均用于防止雨水下渗，收集的雨水用于补充景观池用水，当一级湿地、二级湿 地及三级湿地为土池时，所对应的防渗层均为土工膜防渗层，当一级湿地、二级湿地及三级 湿地为混凝土池时，所对应的防渗层为防水涂料防渗层；当净化的雨水需要下渗用以补充 地下水时，则无需在各级湿地结构中设置相应的防渗层。
[0038] 所述透水混凝土路面5包括由下至上依次设置的夯实土层5.1、密实混凝土基层 5.2、透水混凝土结构层5.3及透水混凝土面层5.4;所述透水混凝土面层和透水混凝土结构 层坡向一级湿地，且坡度为〇.5%-4%;所述一级湿地2包括下至上依次设置的一级湿地防 渗层2.1、一级湿地介质层2.2、一级湿地蓄水层2.3及设在一级湿地介质层内的一级湿地植 物2.4,所述一级湿地植物的根部设在一级湿地介质层内、茎叶部穿出一级湿地蓄水层，所 述二级湿地植物和三级湿地植物的种植方式与一级湿地植物相同，所述一级湿地介质层的 介质为粒径10〜20mm的5乐石，铺设厚度为50〜100cm;所述一级湿地蓄水层高为20〜30cm， 用于蓄积雨水;所述二级湿地3包括下至上依次设置的二级湿地防渗层3.1、二级湿地介质 层3.2、二级湿地蓄水层3.3及设在二级湿地介质层内的二级湿地植物3.4;所述二级湿地介 质层包括上层二级湿地介质层和下层二级湿地介质层，其中上层二级湿地介质层为沙层， 铺设厚度为50〜80cm，下层二级湿地介质层为砾石排水层，铺设厚度为8〜12cm，一般为 IOcm;所述二级湿地蓄水层高为20〜30cm;所述三级湿地4包括下至上依次设置的三级湿地 防渗层4.1、三级湿地介质层4.2、三级湿地蓄水层4.3及设在三级湿地介质层内的三级湿地 植物4.4;所述三级湿地介质层为沙壤土层，厚度为30〜50cm;所述三级湿地蓄水层高为20 〜30cm;所述第一连通管路呈L形，其水平段连通在一级湿地的一级湿地防渗层上、竖直段 延伸至二级湿地的二级湿地蓄水层，所述第一连通管路的水平段的进水口上设有第一过滤 网；所述第二连通管路呈L形，其水平的一肢连通在二级湿地的二级湿地防渗层上、竖直的 一肢延伸至三级湿地的三级湿地蓄水层，所述第二连通管路位于水平一肢上的进水口上设 有第二过滤网。
[0039] 所述透水混凝土路面，收集的雨量可以通过公式计算得到：
[0040] V = IOHcpF
[0041] 式中，V——透水混凝土路面能够收集的雨水量，m3;
[0042] H一一设计降雨量，_，参照《海绵城市建设技术指南》及当地降雨量设计；
[0043]
—一径流系数；
[0044] F--汇水面积，hm2。
[0045] 所述一级湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地的蓄水能力，可通过公式计算：
[0046] V蓄+V介=Afh (Ifv)+nAfdf
[0047] 式中，V—一湿地能够储存的雨水的体积，m3;
[0048] V*-一蓄水层能够蓄存雨水量，m3;
[0049] V介一一介质层蓄存雨水量，m3;
[0050] Af--雨水湿地面积，m2;
[0051] h 湿地蓄水层尚度，m;
[0052] fv一一植物横截面积占蓄水层表面积的百分比；
[0053] η 介质层孔隙率；
[0054] df--介质层厚度，m。
[0055] 本实施例中，收集汇水面积为IOOOm2的雨水，透水混凝土路面的面积IOOm2，一级 湿地的面积是3 5 m2、深是1.3 m，二级湿地的面积是3 0 m2、深1.0 m，三级湿地的面积是2 5 m2、深 0.7m，景观池面积45m2、深0.4m;当降雨量小于25mm时，湿地系统无出流，汇水面积内雨水全 部收集，用于维持湿地植物生长和景观水补水，当降雨量大于25mm小于IOOmm时，径流峰值 出现时间延长IOmin以上，湿地系统起到了明显的雨水调蓄作用。
[0056] 实施例二参见图3所示，与实施例一不同的是，所述景观池为多边形池体，所述三 级湿地、二级湿地、一级湿地及透水混凝土路面均呈闭合的多边形边条状、与景观池体的形 状相同、且依次嵌套在景观池外围。
[0057] 实施例二参见图4所不，与实施例一和实施例二不同的是，所不景观池为圆形池 体，所述三级湿地、二级湿地、一级湿地及透水混凝土路面分模块设置、并沿景观池环向间 隔设置，相邻模块间留有开放的亲水空间。
[0058] 所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统的构建方法：
[0059] 步骤一，施工观景池；
[0060] 步骤二，在观景池池壁安装溢流管、并将溢流管与市政雨水管网连通；
[0061] 步骤三，沿观景池环向施工三级湿地；
[0062] 步骤四，在三级湿地外侧间隔设置第二连通管路；
[0063] 步骤五，沿三级湿地环向施工二级湿地，并与第二连通管路连通；
[0064] 步骤六，在二级湿地外侧间隔设置第一连通管路；
[0065] 步骤七，沿二级湿地环向施工一级湿地，并与第一连通管路连通；
[0066] 步骤八，沿一级湿地环向施工透水混凝土路面。
[0067] 1.降小雨和中雨时，雨水经透水混凝土路面收集，雨水从透水混凝土路面的透水 混凝土结构层流入一级湿地，雨水在一级湿地中得到净化，出水由一级湿地的底部流出，经 通过第一连通管路进入二级湿地，净化后再经第二连通管路进入三级湿地，最终净化出水 溢流进入景观池。
[0068] 2.降大雨和暴雨时，雨水经透水混凝土路面的透水混凝土结构层和透水混凝土面 层流入一级湿地，一级湿地的一级湿地蓄水层水满后，溢流至二级湿地，二级湿地的二级湿 地蓄水层水满后，溢流至三级湿地，再经三级湿地蓄水层溢流至景观池。
Claims (10)
1. 一种集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:包括景观池（I)、由内 向外依次嵌套在景观池外侧的三级湿地⑷、二级湿地(3)、一级湿地(2)以及嵌套在一级湿 地外侧的透水混凝土路面(5); 所述一级湿地与二级湿地之间通过第一连通管路(6)连通，所述二级湿地与三级湿地 之间通过第二连通管路⑺连通，所述第一连通管路和第二连通管路交错设置，所述景观池 的内壁上端设有水平的溢流管(8)，所述溢流管与市政雨水管网连通。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 透水混凝土路面(5)、一级湿地(2)、二级湿地(3)、三级湿地(3)及景观池⑴的顶标高逐级 递减，其中所述一级湿地、二级湿地、三级湿地及景观池的底标高相同，所述透水混凝土路 面的底标尚尚于一级湿地的底标尚。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 透水混凝土路面⑸包括由下至上依次设置的夯实土层(5.1)、密实混凝土基层(5.2)、透水 混凝土结构层(5.3)及透水混凝土面层(5.4);所述透水混凝土面层和透水混凝土结构层坡 向一级湿地，且坡度为0.5 % -4 %。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 一级湿地⑵包括下至上依次设置的一级湿地防渗层(2.1)、一级湿地介质层(2.2)、一级湿 地蓄水层(2.3)及设在一级湿地介质层内的一级湿地植物(2.4)。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 二级湿地⑶包括下至上依次设置的二级湿地防渗层(3.1)、二级湿地介质层(3.2)、二级湿 地蓄水层(3.3)及设在二级湿地介质层内的二级湿地植物(3.4)。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 三级湿地⑷包括下至上依次设置的三级湿地防渗层(4.1)、三级湿地介质层(4.2)、三级湿 地蓄水层(4.3)及设在三级湿地介质层内的三级湿地植物(4.4)。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 第一连通管路(6)呈L形，其水平段连通在一级湿地的一级湿地防渗层上、竖直段延伸至二 级湿地的二级湿地蓄水层； 所述第二连通管路（7)呈L形，其水平的一肢连通在二级湿地的二级湿地防渗层上、竖 直的一肢延伸至三级湿地的三级湿地蓄水层。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特征在于:所述 透水混凝土路面(5)、一级湿地(2)、二级湿地(3)及三级湿地⑷呈闭合环形设置或闭合多 边形设置或沿环向间隔设置。
9. 根据权利要求6-8任意一项所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统，其特 征在于：所述一级湿地防渗层（2.1)、所述二级湿地防渗层（3.1)及所述三级湿地防渗层 (4.1)为土工膜防渗层或防水涂料防渗层。
10. —种应用权利要求9任意一项所述的集雨水收集、调蓄、净化于一体的湿地系统的 构建方法，其特征在于，步骤为： 步骤一，施工观景池； 步骤二，在观景池池壁安装溢流管、并将溢流管与市政雨水管网连通； 步骤三，沿观景池环向施工三级湿地； 步骤四，在三级湿地外侧间隔设置第二连通管路； 步骤五，沿三级湿地环向施工二级湿地，并与第二连通管路连通； 步骤六，在二级湿地外侧间隔设置第一连通管路； 步骤七，沿二级湿地环向施工一级湿地，并与第一连通管路连通； 步骤八，沿一级湿地环向施工透水混凝土路面。
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| CN112681480A (zh) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-20 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | 一种环形海绵湿地花园及其施工方法 |
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| CN112681480A (zh) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-20 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | 一种环形海绵湿地花园及其施工方法 |
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