WO2019131233A1

WO2019131233A1 - Apparatus, filter, and method for hydroponics

Info

Publication number: WO2019131233A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/046213
Authority: WO
Inventors: 祐介落合; 一之周藤
Original assignee: 株式会社野菜工房
Priority date: 2017-12-28
Filing date: 2018-12-15
Publication date: 2019-07-04
Also published as: JPWO2019131233A1; JP7043693B2

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an apparatus, a filter, and a method for hydroponics, all of which enable the breeding of bugs to be favorably reduced. [Solution] From spray nozzles 226, an aqueous solution is sprayed onto the roots of plants 214 that are planted in a planting panel 210. The remaining mist is discharged from a discharge port 228. Eggs 504, which are laid by bugs 500 that have entered a spray bath 220, pass a former-stage filter 310 of a circulation unit 300, together with the aqueous solution, and are stored in an aqueous solution tank 320. The eggs are sometimes laid in the aqueous solution tank 320. The aqueous solution in the aqueous solution tank 320 is sent out by a pump 340 to a latter-stage filter 350. In the former-stage filter 350, the eggs 504 of the bugs 500 are removed, the aqueous solution in which the eggs 504 are not contained is supplied to water supply pipes 222, 224 from a tube 304. Therefore, the aqueous solution in which the eggs 504 are not contained is sprayed from the spray nozzles 226.

Description

Hydroponics equipment, its filter, its method

The present invention relates to an improvement of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivating vegetables etc. using an aqueous solution (culture liquid), its filter, and its method.

As a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus thru | or method, there exist "the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method" of the following patent document 1, for example. This is applied when growing a plant having a main root and a lateral root, and the main root is watered by spraying a liquid in a mist form, and the lateral root is immersed in the liquid. It is possible to supply an appropriate amount of liquid to the plant by regulating the spraying amount of the liquid to the main root by adjusting at least one of the spraying interval or the spraying time by the main root irrigation section while performing the watering. The

JP, 2014-150740, A

By the way, in the background art mentioned above, when an insect which lays eggs in water among the dipteran species enters the room where the aqueous solution is being fed, it is likely that the eggs will be laid in the sap and hatched and proliferate. Yes, not preferable for hygiene management.

The present invention focuses on the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus capable of favorably reducing the occurrence of insects, a filter therefor, and a method therefor.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivating a plant which is planted in a cultivation bed by irrigation and providing a spray tank on the root side of the plant in the cultivation bed, The spray means includes a spray means for spraying an aqueous solution to the roots of the plant in the spray tank, and a circulation means for recovering the aqueous solution in the spray tank and supplying it again to the spray means, the spray means The plant is grown by only spraying the aqueous solution according to

According to one of the main modes, the circulation means is provided with filter means for removing insect eggs contained in an aqueous solution. According to another aspect, the filter means is disposed at a position closest to the spray means in the circulation path of the circulation means. According to still another aspect, the mesh size of the filter means is 400 μm or less, preferably 200 μm to 55 μm.

According to yet another embodiment, the spraying means, the planting area 0.08 m ² ~ 1.0 m ² 1 or so per the plant, one preferably planting area 0.18 m ² ~ 0.42 m ² per It is characterized by being installed at a rate of degree. Alternatively, it is characterized in that the foreign matter passage diameter in the spray means is set to about 0.15 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably about 0.5 mm.

The filter for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is a filter for hydroponic cultivation which is used when the above-mentioned plant is grown by spraying an aqueous solution in a spray tank provided on the root side of a plant planted in a cultivation bed. When the aqueous solution in the spray tank is recovered and sprayed again in the spray tank, it is characterized in that it has a function of removing insect eggs present in the recovered aqueous solution.

The hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a hydroponic cultivation method in which plants are watered and cultivated, and a spraying step of spraying an aqueous solution onto the roots of the plant and a circulating step of recovering the sprayed aqueous solution and spraying again And is characterized in that only the spraying of the aqueous solution according to the spraying step is performed to grow the plant. According to one of the main forms, it is characterized in that it comprises an egg removing step of removing eggs in an aqueous solution. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, only spraying of the solution to the root of the plant is performed, and furthermore, the eggs of the worm are removed, so that the generation of worms can be favorably reduced and the adhesion of bacteria is also reduced. can do.

It is a figure which shows the whole hydroponic cultivation apparatus in one Example of this invention. (A) is the figure which looked at the inside from the plane, (B) is the figure which looked at the inside from the side. It is a figure which shows the principal part of the said Example. It is a figure which compares and shows the magnitude | size of the foreign material passage diameter of the spraying nozzle 226. FIG. FIG. 8 is a view showing another arrangement of the spray nozzle 226.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.

FIG. 1 shows the whole of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present embodiment, and the main part thereof is shown in FIG. In these figures, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 100 mainly includes a cultivation bed 200 and a circulation unit 300.

In the cultivation bed 200, a large number of planting panels 210 are disposed on the top of the elongated frame 202, and the spray tank 220 is formed on the lower side of the frame 202. Planting panel 210 is formed of, for example, expanded polystyrene, and a plurality of planting holes 212 are formed. A plant 214 to be planted is held in the stem portion by a holding material 216 made of a flexible and breathable material such as urethane sponge, and is planted in the planting hole 212.

On the other hand, the spray tank 220 is made of, for example, a sheet of vinyl chloride, and

water supply pipes

222 and 224 are respectively laid on the both sides along the longitudinal direction on the bottom side in the room. At intervals, spray nozzles 226 are provided. In the illustrated example, the spray nozzles 226 are provided on the

water supply pipes

222 and 224 alternately in the longitudinal direction of the spray tank 220. Furthermore, near the center of the spray tank 220, a drain port 228 is provided.

The mist of the aqueous solution sprayed from the spray nozzle 226 is discharged upward, and is sprayed on the roots of the plants 214 planted on the planting panel 210. The mist of the aqueous solution left unabsorbed by the plants 214 settles in the spray tank 220 or drops adhering to the wall surface and is drained and recovered from the drainage port 228. As described above, in the present embodiment, the water is sprayed to the plants 214 by spraying, and the water is not drained by the sputum that is actively immersed in the aqueous solution.

Next, the circulation unit 300 is for circulating the aqueous solution recovered from the spray tank 220 to the spray tank 220 again, and as shown in detail in FIG. 2, the pre-filter 310, the aqueous solution tank 320, the replenishment device 330, and the pump 340 and a post-stage filter 350. Among these, the pre-stage filter 310 is connected by a pipe 302 to the outlet 228 of the spray tank 220 described above. An aqueous solution tank 320 is provided on the outlet side of the pre-stage filter 310, and the aqueous solution to be sprayed is stored. A replenishment device 330 is provided in the aqueous solution tank 320, and water and fertilizer are appropriately supplied when the amount of aqueous solution in the tank becomes a predetermined amount or less. The aqueous solution in the aqueous solution tank 320 is sent to the post-stage filter 350 by the pump 340, and the outlet side of the post-stage filter 350 is connected to the

water supply pipes

222 and 224 of the spray tank 220 described above by the pipe 304. There is. As the pre-stage filter 310 described above, for example, a strainer, which is a net-like device used to remove solid components from a liquid, is used, and as the post-stage filter 350, for example, a disc type is used.

The aqueous solution discharged from the drain port 228 of the spray tank 220 described above is introduced from the pipe 302 to the pre-stage filter 310, where the debris and fragments of the roots are removed and returned to the aqueous solution tank 320. Then, it is pumped again by the pump 340, and the filter processing is performed so that the spray nozzle 226 is not clogged by the post-stage filter 350, and supplied from the pipe 304 to the spray tank 220.

By the way, the mesh size of the post-stage filter 350 is equal to or less than the diameter of the nozzle, since it is conventionally for preventing the spray nozzle 226 from being clogged. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the eyes of the post-stage filter 350 are further reduced to prevent insect eggs from passing therethrough. Specifically, if the mesh size (eye diameter size) is 400 μm or less, eggs can be removed, but if the mesh size is too small, the pump 340 sends to ensure the amount of aqueous solution necessary for the growth of the plant 214. Since it is also necessary to increase the pressure, about 200 μm to 55 μm is preferable. By this, not only the clogging of the spray nozzle 226 by the foreign matter is prevented, but also the eggs of the insect contained in the aqueous solution are removed.

Next, as the spray nozzle 226 described above, various known ones may be applied such as one with or without a closer in the nozzle body. If the structure of the nozzle itself is the same, the particle size of the mist and the passing diameter of the foreign matter are almost proportional to each other, but if the structure is different, the generation method of the mist is also different. The foreign matter passage diameter may be small (or vice versa). FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the tip of the nozzle 226 having the same structure, and the foreign matter passage diameter is the narrowest in FIG. 3A, the middle in FIG. 3B, and the largest in FIG. It is getting bigger. There is an indication as to how much water should be given to the plants to be grown in order to grow properly. For example, if the lotus root is given only a little water, it will wither, and conversely, if the cactus is given too much water, it will cause root rot etc and it will not grow. If the nozzle structure is the same, the size of the foreign matter passage diameter of the spray nozzle 226 affects the particle size of the mist, which directly leads to the amount of water given to the plants 214. Therefore, it is desirable to set the foreign matter passage diameter to an appropriate size corresponding to the plant 214 to be grown.

For example, it is assumed that the state shown in FIG. 3B is an appropriate foreign matter passage diameter. On the other hand, as shown to the same figure (A), if the foreign material passage diameter is made small by the same nozzle structure, the particle size of the mist sprayed will also become small. On the other hand, as shown in (C) in the figure, if the particle diameter is increased with the same nozzle structure, the particle diameter of the mist will be increased, and a large amount of water will have to be flushed. The cost of manufacturing ancillary equipment will increase. When experiments were carried out taking these points into consideration, the foreign matter passage diameter is preferably about 0.15 mm to 0.9 mm, and in the present embodiment, a diameter of 0.5 mm is used.

Next, although it is the installation number of the spray nozzle 226 in the spray tank 220, although you may set suitably according to the plant 214 to grow, in this example, the planting area 0.3 m ² of the plant 214 in the planting panel 210 The spray nozzle 226 is installed at a rate of about one to 0.6 m ² . Further, the installation interval of the spray nozzle 226 is set to 600 mm to 700 mm in this embodiment.

Next, the overall operation of this embodiment will be described. The mist of the aqueous solution sprayed from the spray nozzle 226 is discharged upward, and is sprayed on the roots of the plants 214 planted on the planting panel 210. The mist remaining unabsorbed by the plants 214 settles in the spray tank 220 or adheres to the wall and falls, and is drained from the drainage port 228. At this time, since the leaf side of the plant 214 and the spray tank 220 are isolated by the planting panel 210, the invasion of the insect 500 into the spray tank 220 is reduced. In addition, since the clearance gap between the planting panel 210 and the plant 214 is hold | maintained by the holding material 216, the penetration | invasion of the insect 500 to the spray tank 220 from this part hardly occurs.

The isolation also reduces the adhesion of the aqueous solution sprayed in the spray tank 220 to the leaves of the plant 214. Since the bacteria propagate in the aqueous solution, the adhesion of the aqueous solution is reduced, so that the number of bacteria in the plant 214 is also reduced. Furthermore, the isolation also prevents external light from entering the spray tank 220. For this reason, the generation of algae and the like in the spray tank 220 is also reduced, which also suppresses the growth of bacteria.

However, very rarely, the insect 500 intrudes into the spray tank 220 and may spawn in an aqueous solution, so that the aqueous solution collected by discharge contains eggs. The egg 504 passes through the pre-filter 310 of the circulation unit 300 together with the aqueous solution and is stored in the aqueous solution tank 320. The aqueous solution tank 320 constantly stores the aqueous solution, and there is little possibility that the insect 500 enters during the inspection operation in the tank to produce an egg 504.

The aqueous solution in the aqueous solution tank 320 is pumped by the pump 340 to the post-stage filter 350. As described above, the post-stage filter 350 has mesh values set so that the egg 504 can be removed. For this reason, the eggs 504 of the worm 500 can not pass through the post-stage filter 350, and an aqueous solution not containing the eggs 504 is supplied from the piping 304 to the

water supply pipes

222 and 224. For this reason, from the spray nozzle 226, an aqueous solution not containing the egg 504 is sprayed. At this time, not only the eggs 504 of the worm 500 but also other organic substances are removed. Also by removing the organic matter that causes the growth of bacteria, the growth of bacteria in the spray tank 220 is suppressed.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
a. Since only irrigation by spraying is performed and irrigation by irrigation is not actively performed, the generation of insects is reduced because egg is not laid by insects in the irrigation.
b. Even if insects intrude into the spray tank 220 or the aqueous solution tank 320 and oviposit the eggs, they are removed from the aqueous solution by the post-stage filter 350, so that the insects are prevented from being hatched in the spray tank 220.
c. Since the plant 214 and the spray tank 220 are isolated by the planting panel 210, adhesion of the aqueous solution in which the bacteria propagates to the plant 214 is reduced. In addition, the entry of external light into the spray tank 220 is prevented, or the generation of algae and the like in the spray tank 220 is reduced, and the growth of bacteria in the spray tank 220 is suppressed. . For this reason, the number of bacteria adhering to the plant 214 is also reduced, and the bacteria can be reduced as a whole.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the following are also included.
(1) In the said Example, although the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 100 was made into elongate shape, you may be set as various shapes as needed. The same applies to the

water supply pipes

222 and 224, the spray nozzle 226, and the drainage port 228, and the pipe shape and the number of installed pipes may be set as appropriate.
(2) In the above embodiment, two filters of the former and latter stages are provided, but the number of filters may be increased or decreased as necessary, and it is known that a coarse filter and a fine filter are combined to form a multistage system. The following method may be applied.

(3) As an aqueous solution to be sprayed, depending on the plant 214, for example, in the case of lettuce, a mixture of chisso, potassium and calcium in water is used. Specifically, Farm Ace No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 manufactured by Kaneko Seed Co., Ltd. are used. It may be water only.
(4) In the above embodiment, the spawning to the aqueous solution by the entry of the insect 500 into the spray tank 220 or the aqueous solution tank 320 is shown as a typical example, but the insect 500 may enter from other routes. However, by providing the post-stage filter 350 at a position close to the spray nozzle 226 in the flow path of the aqueous solution, it is also possible to remove the eggs laid by the insect 500 which has invaded from other paths.
(5) In the present invention, only the aqueous solution is sprayed, and the roots of the plants 214 are not intentionally or positively immersed in the aqueous solution, but some of the sprayed aqueous solution is accumulated in the spray tank 220. The roots of the plants 214 may be soaked. Such a case is also included in "perform only spraying of an aqueous solution" in the present invention, and it is intended that irrigation with intentional and aggressive dripping is not performed.

(6) In the above embodiment has been installed planting area 0.18 m ² ~ 0.42 m spray nozzle 226 for each ^two plants 214 in planting panel 210 at a ratio of about 1, depending on the plant 214 to grow You may increase or decrease accordingly. However, even if the number of installation of the spray nozzles 226 is increased more than necessary, cost increases, and conversely, if the number of installation is reduced, sufficient spraying can not be performed. From this point of view, the proportion of 1 or so per planting area 0.08 m ² ~ 1.0 m ² is considered to be preferred, in the above embodiment, the planting area 0.18 m ² ~ 0.42 m ² One nozzle is used.

(7) In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (A), the spray nozzles 226 are alternately arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the spray tank 220, but as shown in FIG. 4 (A) The spray nozzles 226 may be arranged only on the side. Moreover, it is not necessary to arrange at equal intervals, and as shown to the same figure (B), you may arrange | positioning 2 each and arrange | position and you may make it set a spraying direction suitably.
(8) In the above embodiment, the

water supply pipes

222 and 224 are disposed on both sides of the spray tank 220. However, the water supply pipe may be installed at the center of the spray tank 220. It may be arranged. The same applies to the spray tank 220.

According to the present invention, only spraying of the solution to the root of the plant is performed, and furthermore, the eggs of the worm are removed, so that the generation of worms can be favorably reduced and the adhesion of bacteria is also reduced. It is suitable for hydroponics such as vegetables.

100: Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 200: Cultivation bed 202: Frame body 210: Planting panel 212: Planting hole 214: Plant 216: Holding material 220: Spray tank 222, 224: Water supply pipe 226: Spray nozzle 228: Drain 300 : Circulation unit 302: Piping 304: Piping 310: Pre-stage filter 320: Aqueous solution tank 330: Refilling device 340: Pump 350: Post-stage filter 500: Insect 504: Egg

Claims

It is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus which waters and cultivates the plant planted in the cultivation bed,
While providing a spray tank in the root side of the said plant among the said cultivation beds,
Spray means for spraying an aqueous solution onto the roots of the plant in the spray tank;
Circulation means for recovering the aqueous solution in the spray tank and supplying it again to the spray means;
Equipped with
A hydroponic cultivation apparatus comprising cultivating the plant by performing only spraying of an aqueous solution by the spraying means.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation means is provided with a filter means for removing an egg of an insect contained in an aqueous solution.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the filter means is disposed at a position closest to the spray means in the circulation path of the circulation means.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mesh size of the filter means is 400 μm or less, preferably 200 μm to 55 μm.
Said spray means, the planting area 0.08 m 2 ~ 1.0 m 2 1 or so per the plant, that preferably the installed at a ratio of 1 or so per planting area 0.18 m 2 ~ 0.42 m 2 The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the foreign matter passage diameter in the spraying means is about 0.15 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably about 0.5 mm.
An aqueous solution is sprayed in a spray tank provided on the root side of a plant planted in a culture bed, and the filter for hydroponic culture is used when cultivating the plant,
A filter for hydroponic culture having a function of removing an egg of an insect in the recovered aqueous solution when the aqueous solution in the spray tank is recovered and sprayed again in the spray tank.
It is a hydroponic cultivation method which waters a plant and is cultivated,
Spraying an aqueous solution onto the roots of the plant;
A circulating step of recovering the sprayed aqueous solution and spraying again;
Including
A method of hydroponic cultivation comprising cultivating the plant by performing only spraying of an aqueous solution according to the spraying step.
The water culture method according to claim 8, comprising an egg removing step of removing an egg in an aqueous solution.