WO2019130356A1 - Dispositif de filtration d'eau portable pour éliminer les impuretés de l'eau à l'aide de cartouches de purification spécifiques aux contaminants - Google Patents

Dispositif de filtration d'eau portable pour éliminer les impuretés de l'eau à l'aide de cartouches de purification spécifiques aux contaminants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019130356A1
WO2019130356A1 PCT/IN2018/050895 IN2018050895W WO2019130356A1 WO 2019130356 A1 WO2019130356 A1 WO 2019130356A1 IN 2018050895 W IN2018050895 W IN 2018050895W WO 2019130356 A1 WO2019130356 A1 WO 2019130356A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
purification device
water purification
portable hand
filtration
removal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2018/050895
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thalappil Pradeep
Ramesh Kumar
Anupam Chandra
Original Assignee
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (IIT Madras)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (IIT Madras) filed Critical INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (IIT Madras)
Publication of WO2019130356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019130356A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B01D63/0241—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end being U-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2626—Absorption or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2649—Filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/20—Specific housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/20—Specific housing
    • B01D2313/205—Specific housing characterised by the shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/203—Iron or iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
    • C02F2307/02—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a bottle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for removing impurities from water using contaminants-specific purification cartridges.
  • the present invention also relates to in-situ aeration supported purification of feed water.
  • a personal water purifier that can deliver one liter of clean water from region-specific contaminated water requires materials with enhanced removal kinetics, with high adsorption capacity so that the filter is effective during its operational lifetime. This is currently possible only with advanced nano-materials in conjunction with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
  • PCT application No W02008037969 describes a device that features membrane and charcoal based filtration.
  • the device is operated with a piston pump to generate pressure in the device.
  • This device doesn’t have contaminant-specific water filter medium to address region- specific water contamination problem. Additionally, this device comes with only a hollow fiber membrane which can only provide biological contaminant-free water. Additionally, the charcoal cartridge gets exhausted as its capacity is limited.
  • US Publication No 20120325735 describes a device with biocidal agent that is loaded with nano-fibrous membrane, appropriate resin, and one more suitable adsorbent.
  • This device is capable of killing bacterial contaminant and adsorption of other contaminants but lacks pressure development mechanism which is required for filtration through membrane and a cartridge composed of adsorption media. In the absence of the pump, output flow rate will reduce drastically once the device is in use, making the device unusable.
  • WO2015040599 describes a portable water filtration device which pushes an empty container consisting of a membrane beneath it, onto another container fed with contaminated water. Since this device uses only one stage, it does not assure filtration of all the available feed water contaminants in the feed water to achieve pure potable water.
  • the present invention provides a pressure development device with inbuilt aeration capability and a multi stage purification cartridge with directional flow control. This novel combination allows the user to get biological, regional, and chemical contaminant-free water at high output flow rate.
  • the present invention discloses a portable water filtration system with region-specific impurity removal capabilities.
  • the water filtration device consists of four major assemblies as follows:
  • the present invention provides a portable hand-held, hand-operated, and electricity-free water purification device such as water purifying bottle for removing regional and regional-chemistry dictated contaminants, by a multi-step filtration process encompassing particulate filtration, filtration of regional and microbial contaminants using nano-materials and membranes, and filtration of organic materials with the help of carbon cartridge at a flow rate of equal to or greater than 200 ml/min.
  • the where regional contaminants are one or more from arsenic, iron, fluoride, uranium, lead, nickel, chromium, manganese, magnesium, cadmium, mercury and pesticides in the water soluble forms.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the device depicted in figure 1.
  • Figure3 shows an exploded view of the device depicted in figure 1.
  • Figure 4 shows a cut-away sectional drawing of replaceable region-specific annular housing cartridge used with hollow fibre membrane cartridge.
  • Figure 5 shows a sectional drawing of a bellow pump.
  • Figure 6 shows change in cartridge colour with use.
  • An affordable portable purifier device involving multiple technologies for microbially, chemically and a heavy metal free drinking water.
  • the generated pressure with more than 14 psi pushes the contaminated water in contact with membrane housing [16] through the pores of the membrane.
  • the pore size of microfiltration membrane used is preferably 1000 nanometers (nm), more preferably 100 nanometers while for ultrafiltration membrane the pore size is preferably 50 nm, more preferably 20 nm, more preferably 15 nm, and even more preferably 10 nm.
  • nano or micro-sized biological impurities like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, along with dispersed micro particulates are removed. Colour of the membrane cartridge changes with use from white to brown, red brown or black depending on the variety of contaminants present in feed water. All these parts are shown in details in figures.
  • High hydrophilicity of hollow fiber and electrospun membrane cartridge [17] provides high filtered water flux, equal or more than 200 ml per minute for available membrane surface area.
  • the treated water from the hollow fiber membrane cartridge [17] is then fed to the annular housing unit [30], shown in figure 4, where water is passed through a region- specific contaminant removal nano-composite materials [37] These materials remove region- specific water-soluble contaminants, like arsenic, pesticides, and fluoride, etc., by adsorption.
  • treated water moves [31] through nanomaterials decorated activated coconut charcoal [38] in housing [8] where soluble organic impurities and odor are removed and clean water is dispensed from bottle through the outlet pipe [35] to a chewable spout [2]
  • Hollow fibre membrane housing [16] and annular housing [30] are modular and designed in such a way that they can be replaced with new, once their contamination removal capacity is exhausted. Hollow fibre membrane housing [16] and annular housing [30] are connected to the feed water reservoir [18] through threads with food grade seals in-between to avoid leakages. Annular Housing:
  • the compact annular housing [30], shown in figure 4 is a region-specific contamination filtration unit which houses both region-specific contaminant removal nano-composites materials [37] as well as silver nanoparticles decorated activated coconut charcoal [38] into a compact volume, used for region-specific contaminant removal and for biocidal performance and organic contaminant removal, respectively.
  • this housing water direction is reversed to increase contact time.
  • the unit packs the nanocomposite materials in the annular space between the walls
  • the bellow pump unit [23] as shown in figure 5 consists of a food grade plastic bellow [44] with spring [43] to ensure the reciprocatory expansion and compressions required to develop the pressure inside the feed water reservoir [18]
  • At the ends of the bellow pump [23] are attached custom made one-way umbrella valves [42] and [45]
  • the valves have rubber diaphragms [41] and [46] placed on them which controls the direction of the flow of air in the direction [40]
  • the one-way umbrella valve [45] is connected to the feed water reservoir [18] and pumps atmospheric air inside it.
  • Valve [42] is left exposed to the atmosphere to inhale air from atmosphere.
  • the arrangement of the diaphragms [41] and [46] ensure that when the bellow is compressed, the diaphragm [46] expands and allows the entry of air into the reservoir [18] while the diaphragm [41] restricts the entry of air into the bellow.
  • Spring [43] ensures the expansion of the bellow resulting in the opening diaphragm [41] and simultaneously closing of diaphragm [46] which allows air from atmosphere into the bellow [23] due to which pressure is developed in the reservoir [18]
  • Bellow pump has food grade elastic O-ring [47] placed on the back side cover of the bellow valve which acts as a pressure regulator for the pressure developed in the reservoir depending on the plasticity and elasticity of the O-ring. Pressure developed in the reservoir is proportional to the elastic strength and excessively pumped air will be release back through the O-ring [47] seal.
  • each of the contaminants may be replaced with a plurality of contaminants.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de filtration d'eau portable ayant des capacités d'élimination d'impuretés spécifiques à une région. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif pour éliminer les impuretés de l'eau à l'aide de cartouches de purification spécifiques aux contaminants. Le dispositif de filtration d'eau est constitué de quatre ensembles principaux : 1) un préfiltre [20] réutilisable et lavable pour l'élimination d'impuretés particulaires, en suspension et macroscopiques, 2) une fibre creuse et un module membranaire de fibre électrofilée [16] pour une microfiltration et une ultrafiltration, ayant une taille de pore inférieure ou égale à 10 nanomètres, pour éliminer une contamination microbienne, 3) une unité de filtration compacte à boîtier annulaire modulaire [30] contenant des matériaux nanocomposites d'élimination de contaminants spécifiques à une région [7] et du charbon actif biocide activé, de préférence décorés de nanomatériaux de charbon de noix de coco activé [8] pour une activité biocide et une élimination de contaminant organique, et 4) une unité de pompe à soufflet [23] pour bâtir une pression à l'intérieur du réservoir d'eau d'alimentation [18].
PCT/IN2018/050895 2017-12-30 2018-12-29 Dispositif de filtration d'eau portable pour éliminer les impuretés de l'eau à l'aide de cartouches de purification spécifiques aux contaminants WO2019130356A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201741047404 2017-12-30
IN201741047404 2017-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019130356A1 true WO2019130356A1 (fr) 2019-07-04

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IN2018/050895 WO2019130356A1 (fr) 2017-12-30 2018-12-29 Dispositif de filtration d'eau portable pour éliminer les impuretés de l'eau à l'aide de cartouches de purification spécifiques aux contaminants

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019130356A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008110166A1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Vestergaard Sa Filtre microporeux ayant une source anti-microbienne
WO2012027242A1 (fr) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Membranes de microfiltration à perméabilité élevée capables d'adsorber virus et ions métalliques, utilisables pour la purification de liquides
US9468279B2 (en) * 2014-04-21 2016-10-18 BlokRok, Inc. Apparatus and method for dispensing a fluid

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008110166A1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Vestergaard Sa Filtre microporeux ayant une source anti-microbienne
WO2012027242A1 (fr) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Membranes de microfiltration à perméabilité élevée capables d'adsorber virus et ions métalliques, utilisables pour la purification de liquides
US9468279B2 (en) * 2014-04-21 2016-10-18 BlokRok, Inc. Apparatus and method for dispensing a fluid

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