WO2019129085A1 - 一种飞行控制系统、无人机及无人机系统 - Google Patents
一种飞行控制系统、无人机及无人机系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019129085A1 WO2019129085A1 PCT/CN2018/123972 CN2018123972W WO2019129085A1 WO 2019129085 A1 WO2019129085 A1 WO 2019129085A1 CN 2018123972 W CN2018123972 W CN 2018123972W WO 2019129085 A1 WO2019129085 A1 WO 2019129085A1
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- control module
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- drone
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- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/0011—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement
- G05D1/0022—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement characterised by the communication link
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/08—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
- G05D1/0808—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/10—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
- G05D1/101—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
- B64U2201/20—Remote controls
Definitions
- the application belongs to the technical field of drones, and in particular relates to a flight control system, a drone and a drone system.
- the existing ones can usually be manually controlled by the user through the joystick of the associated remote control, the degree of automation is low, and it is difficult to observe the flight state of the drone during the flight of the drone.
- the embodiments of the present application provide a flight control system, a drone, and a drone system, which have various functions, can realize automatic control of the drone, have high degree of automation, and can be in the flight process of the drone.
- the flight status of the drone is indicated in real time.
- a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a flight control system for use in an unmanned aerial vehicle system, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle system includes a drone, a remote controller, and a ground station, and the drone includes The flight control system and a receiver, a power control module, and a power system and a power system electrically connected to the power control module, the flight control system including a main control module, a voltage regulation indication module, an interface expansion module, and a satellite positioning module ;
- the main control module is electrically connected to the power control module, the voltage regulation indication module, the interface expansion module, the satellite positioning module, and the receiver, respectively, and the power control module is further respectively configured with the voltage regulator
- the indication module and the interface expansion module are electrically connected, the interface expansion module is further electrically connected to the satellite positioning module, and the receiver communicates with the remote controller through a wireless manner;
- the power supply system supplies power to the power system, the voltage regulation indication module, and the interface expansion module by using the power control module; and the voltage regulation indicator module regulates power of the power system to The main control module supplies power; the interface expansion module acquires power of the power system to supply power to the satellite positioning module;
- the receiver When the receiver receives the start command sent by the remote controller, triggering the main control module to unlock; when the receiver receives the flight control command sent by the remote controller, processing the flight control command Sending to the main control module; the satellite positioning module acquires positioning data in real time through a single point satellite positioning mode or an RTK positioning mode, and sends the positioning data to the main control module to locate the position of the drone;
- the main control module When the main control module is in an unlocked state, controlling a power state of the power system according to the flight control instruction and the positioning data to control a flight state of the drone, and in the drone During the flight, the power state data of the power system is acquired in real time and processed to obtain flight state data of the drone; the unlocking state and the latching state of the main control module by the voltage stabilizing indicating module and the The flight status of the drone is indicated; the main control module transmits the flight status data to the remote controller through the receiver.
- the flight control system further includes a data transmission module
- the data transmission module is electrically connected to the main control module and wirelessly communicates with the ground station;
- the data transmission module receives the data sent by the ground station, and processes the data and sends the data to the main control module; the main control module sends the flight state data to the ground station by using the data transmission module;
- the main control module further processes data sent by the data transmission module and feeds back to the data transmission module.
- the drone further includes a spray system, the flight control system further comprising a spray control module;
- the spray control module is electrically connected to the spray system, the power control module, and the interface expansion module, respectively;
- the power system supplies power to the spray control module through the power control module;
- the spray control module acquires spray state data of the spray system, and processes the data to be sent to the main control module; the spray control module further generates spray control data according to the flight state data and the spray state data, And controlling the spray state of the spray system according to the spray control data feedback.
- the spray system includes a fan, a water pump, a level sensor, and a flow meter;
- the fan is disposed on the arm of the drone, the water pump and the liquid level sensor are disposed in a water tank of the drone, the flow meter is disposed on the water pump, the fan, the water pump The liquid level sensor and the flow meter are both electrically connected to the spray control module;
- the spray control module acquires and processes the working state data of the fan, the water pump, the liquid level sensor, and the flow meter to obtain wind speed data of the fan, liquid level data and liquid flow of the water pump Data is sent to the main control module; the spray control module further generates spray control data based on the flight state data, the wind speed data, the liquid level data, and the liquid flow data to control the water pump The liquid extraction speed and the air volume of the fan.
- the power system includes a power source and a flight control power source
- the power source and the flight control power source are both electrically connected to the power control module;
- the power source supplies power to the power system
- the flight control power supply supplies power to the flight control system.
- the power system includes a relay, a steering gear, an igniter, a fuel injector, a starter motor, an engine, a Hall sensor, and a propeller; the relay may also be replaced with other switching devices, such as MOSFETs.
- the Hall sensor is disposed at the igniter, the relay is electrically connected to the starter motor, and the power control module is electrically connected to the relay, the steering gear, the igniter and the Hall sensor respectively connection;
- the power control module controls activation of the starter motor through the relay, and controls the engine to start together with the igniter;
- the steering gear and the fuel injector as an executing component for adjusting rotation of the propeller of the engine and the drone;
- the Hall sensor collects rotation data of the engine
- the power control module processes the rotational data to obtain a rotational speed of the engine and a rotational angle of the propeller, and generates power state data of the power system; each time the propeller rotates to a specific angle, the A power control module controls the igniter to start to operate the engine normally;
- the main control module further controls, according to the flight control instruction, the swing angle of the steering wheel of the steering gear and/or the fuel injection amount of the fuel injector by the power control module to control the engine speed And the lift of the propeller.
- the drone further includes an RTK station and a base station;
- the RTK station is electrically connected to the satellite positioning module and wirelessly communicates with the base station;
- the satellite positioning module and the reference station synchronously receive available satellite data transmitted by the satellite, and perform satellite positioning on the location of the drone;
- the base station performs positioning according to the available satellite data to obtain base station positioning data and correction data, and sends the data to the satellite positioning module through the RTK station module;
- the satellite positioning module processes the available satellite data and the base station positioning data and the correction data to obtain location information of the drone and sends the location information to the main control module, and performs RTK on the drone Positioning.
- the voltage regulation indication module includes a data interface for connecting an external terminal to update or upgrade an internal program of the main control module.
- a second aspect of the present application provides a drone including the above flight control system and a receiver, a power control module, a power supply system, a power system, a spray system, a reference station, and an RTK station.
- a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a UAV system including the above-mentioned UAV and a remote controller, a ground station, and an RTK surveying bar;
- the ground station communicates wirelessly with the remote controller, the reference station, and the RTK mapping rod, and the RTK mapping rod communicates with the reference station by way of wireless;
- the RTK mapping rod and the reference station synchronously receive available satellite data transmitted by the satellite, and perform single-point satellite positioning on the position of the RTK surveying rod;
- the base station performs positioning according to the available satellite data to obtain base station positioning data and correction data, and sends the same to the RTK surveying bar through the wireless communication;
- the RTK mapping rod performs processing according to the available satellite data and the base station positioning data and the correction data, and performs RTK positioning on a boundary point of the working parcel and a boundary point of an obstacle in the working parcel, Obtaining boundary information of the working parcel and boundary information of the obstacle;
- the drone is obtained by the ground station by the remote controller and processed and displayed, and the flight control command is also sent to the drone through the remote controller.
- the power state data of the power system is acquired in real time and the flight state data of the drone is processed and sent to the remote controller, so that the user can know the flight state of the drone in real time;
- the instructions are provided for the user to visually observe the flight state of the drone;
- the mapping data of the obstacles in the working and working blocks and the route data are generated by the ground station, thereby realizing the control of the flight path of the drone;
- the flight status data of the drone is processed and displayed so that the user can remotely observe and control the flight status of the drone through the ground station.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flight control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flight control system according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone system provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
- the embodiment provides a flight control system, which is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle system, and the unmanned aerial vehicle system includes a drone, in particular, a plant protection drone for plant protection operations, which can also be applied to aerial photography without Many types of drones, such as man-machines, rescue drones, and drones, only need to install the required functional components or remove unnecessary functional components in actual applications.
- a drone in particular, a plant protection drone for plant protection operations, which can also be applied to aerial photography without Many types of drones, such as man-machines, rescue drones, and drones, only need to install the required functional components or remove unnecessary functional components in actual applications.
- the flight control system 100 provided by the embodiment includes a drone, a remote controller 200 and a ground station 300.
- the drone includes a flight control system 100 and a receiver 110, and a power supply.
- the control module 120 and the power system 130 and the power system 140 are electrically connected to the power control module 120.
- the flight control system 100 includes a main control module 10, a voltage regulation indication module 20, an interface expansion module 30, and a satellite positioning module 40.
- the main control module 10 is electrically connected to the power control module 120 , the voltage regulation indication module 20 , the interface expansion module 30 , the satellite positioning module 40 , and the receiver 110 , respectively , and the power control module 120 and the voltage regulation indicator module respectively 20 is electrically connected to the interface expansion module 30.
- the interface expansion module 30 is also electrically connected to the satellite positioning module 40.
- the receiver 110 communicates with the remote controller 200 in a wireless manner, and the remote controller 200 communicates with the ground station 300 in a wireless manner.
- the power supply system is configured to supply power to the power system, the voltage regulation indication module, and the interface expansion module through the power control module;
- the voltage regulation indication module is configured to supply power to the power supply system and then supply power to the main control module;
- the expansion module is used to obtain power from the power system to power the satellite positioning module.
- the power system may specifically include a battery, for example, a lithium ion battery or a battery pack, and the battery may be disassembled for charging or replacement, or may be directly connected to a corresponding charger for charging.
- a battery for example, a lithium ion battery or a battery pack
- the battery may be disassembled for charging or replacement, or may be directly connected to a corresponding charger for charging.
- the power system includes a power source and a flight control power source; both the power source and the flight control power source are electrically connected to the power control module; the power source supplies power to the power system; and the flight control power source supplies power to the flight control system.
- different power sources can be set to supply power to the power system and the flight control system respectively. Since the working voltage and power consumption of the power system and the flight control system are significantly different, different power sources are used for power supply. The two are targeted and differentiated power supply to ensure the normal operation of the power system and the flight control system, and when one of the power sources is insufficient, the battery of the power source can be replaced separately or the battery can be charged without replacing the two power sources simultaneously. Charge the battery or charge the battery.
- the powertrain specifically includes components that provide flight power to the drone, such as steering gears, fuel injectors, igniters, engines, propellers, and the like.
- the power control module may specifically include an ESC unit and a power conversion unit
- the ESC unit may be an electronic speed controller (Electronic Speed) Control, ESC) or engine control unit (Engine Control Unit (ECU) for adjusting the working state of the power system according to the control signal sent by the main control module to control the flight power and flight attitude of the drone, for example, adjusting the rotation angle of the steering gear of the drone and The amount of fuel injected.
- the power conversion unit may specifically be a power converter for adjusting and converting the power supply voltage or current according to the power demand of each module to obtain a power supply signal suitable for the working voltage or current of each module.
- the power control module can be centralized or distributed, or it can be partial functional centralized and partial functional distributed. For example, the power conversion unit is concentrated in the center of the unmanned aircraft body, and the ESC unit is distributed in each engine. around.
- the voltage regulation indicating module has a voltage stabilizing function, and specifically includes a voltage stabilizing unit, configured to convert a voltage of the power provided by the power system into a voltage suitable for the main control module, and supply power to the main control module.
- the interface expansion module is mainly used to implement the interface expansion function, and the specific one may be a serial port hub for implementing interface conversion to implement a connection between the power control module or the main control module and the satellite positioning module.
- the receiver is configured to trigger the main control module to unlock when receiving the start command sent by the remote controller; the receiver is further configured to process the flight control command when receiving the flight control command sent by the remote controller.
- the satellite positioning module is configured to acquire the positioning data in real time through a single point satellite positioning mode or an RTK positioning mode and send it to the main control module to locate the position of the drone.
- the receiver may specifically include an eight-channel 2.4Ghz communication module, and implements two-way wireless communication with the remote controller through the 2.4Ghz technology, and can receive signals directly sent or forwarded by the remote controller, or in the main control module. Under the control, send a signal to the remote control or forward the signal to the ground station through the remote control.
- the number of data channels of the receiver can be set according to actual needs. Since the signal sent by the remote controller is that the electromagnetic wave signal cannot be directly recognized by the main control module, the signal transmitted by the main control module to the receiver cannot be directly recognized by the remote controller. Therefore, after the receiver needs to convert and process the signal received by the receiver, Can be transferred to the main control module or remote control.
- the main control module is still in the locked state after being powered on, and is unlocked and enters the working state when receiving the start command sent by the remote controller.
- the positioning data specifically includes the latitude and longitude information of the unmanned aerial vehicle
- the satellite positioning module may specifically adopt the dual antenna RTK module to realize the positioning, and set the two signal receiving antennas to respectively receive the available satellite data sent by the satellite, thereby realizing
- the positioning of the horizontal position of the drone can determine the flight direction of the drone by the difference between the available satellite data received by the two antennas.
- the power state of the power system is controlled according to the flight control command and the positioning data to control the flight state of the drone, and during the flight of the drone, real time Obtaining power state data of the power system and processing to obtain flight state data of the drone; the voltage regulation indicating module indicates the unlocking state and the blocking state of the main control module and the flight state of the drone; the main control module passes the receiver Flight status data is sent to the remote control.
- the main control module after the main control module is unlocked, it officially enters the normal working state, and when receiving the flight control command sent by the receiver and the positioning data sent by the satellite positioning module, the flight control command and the positioning data are processed and obtained for The control signal for controlling the power system and the position information of the drone are then controlled by the power control module to control the working state of the power system to control the flight power and flight attitude of the drone.
- the main control module has built-in inertia measuring instrument, barometer and electronic compass; wherein the inertial measuring instrument and the barometer are used to measure the flight attitude and height of the drone, and combined with the positioning data acquired by the satellite positioning module, Accurate positioning of the drone's horizontal position and vertical height position.
- the voltage stabilizing indicating module includes an indicating unit for indicating an unlocking state and a blocking state of the main control module and a flight state of the drone, in addition to the voltage stabilizing function.
- the indicating unit can be realized by an LED indicator. Different states can be indicated by a plurality of different colored LED indicators. For example, by controlling the red LED to be constantly lit, the main control module is in an unlocked state, that is, the main control module is instructed to start working; by controlling the red LED to be off, the main control module is in a locked state, that is, the main control is indicated.
- the module is not powered on or powered on and does not start working; the green LED indicator flashes slowly to indicate that the flight status of the drone is normal; by controlling the yellow LED to flash, the flight status of the drone is in sub-health. State, that is, some non-critical parts of the drone have failed, but it does not affect normal use; by controlling the red LED to flash, it indicates that the flight status of the drone is unhealthy, that is, some key of the drone A component has failed, seriously affecting normal use.
- the position where the indicator is installed can be centralized. It can also be distributed, or it can be partially centralized and distributed. The above examples are merely exemplary.
- the main control module is also used to acquire and process the power state data of the power system in real time during the flight of the drone, obtain the flight state data of the drone, and then send it to the remote controller through the receiver. So that the user can communicate with the remote controller through the ground station to obtain the flight status data of the drone, real-time monitoring of the flight status of the drone, and ensure the normal operation of the drone, so as to facilitate the failure of the drone. When appropriate, take appropriate maintenance measures.
- the main control module is further configured to process data sent by each module connected thereto and separately feed back to each module.
- the power system includes a relay, a steering gear, an igniter, a fuel injector, a starter motor, an engine Hall sensor, and a propeller;
- the Hall sensor is disposed in the igniter, the relay is electrically connected to the starter motor, and the power control module is electrically connected to the relay, the steering gear, the igniter and the Hall sensor, respectively; the relay can also be replaced with other switching devices, such as MOSFETs.
- the power control module controls the start of the motor through the relay control, and controls the engine start together with the igniter;
- the steering gear and the injector are used as actuators for adjusting the rotation of the propeller of the engine and the drone;
- the Hall sensor collects the rotation data of the engine
- the power control module processes the rotation data to obtain the rotation speed of the engine and the rotation angle of the propeller, and generates power state data of the power system; each time the propeller rotates to a specific angle, the power control module controls the ignition to start, so that the engine works normally;
- the main control module also controls the swing angle of the steering wheel of the steering gear and/or the fuel injection amount of the fuel injector through the power control module according to the flight control command to control the engine speed and the lift of the propeller.
- the voltage regulation indication module includes a data interface for connecting an external terminal to update or upgrade an internal program of the main control module.
- the data interface may be a USB interface, which is used to connect a mobile phone, a PC client, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, and the like, and can store a computer program terminal, and implement an upgrade or update of the built-in program of the main control module.
- the remote station can communicate with the ground station indirectly to upgrade the main control module under the control of the ground station.
- the UAV necessarily includes other components for realizing the basic flight function of the UAV.
- main housing support frame structure, fuel tank, oil circuit, water tank, propeller, and the like.
- the power state data of the power system is acquired in real time and the flight state data of the drone is processed and sent to the remote controller, so that the user can know the flight state of the drone in real time, and indicate the flight state of the drone. It is convenient for the user to visually observe the flight status of the drone.
- the drone in the first embodiment further includes a spray system 150, an RTK station 160 and a reference station 400
- the flight control system 100 further includes a data transmission module 50 and a spray control module 60
- the data transmission module 50 is electrically connected to the main control module 10 and wirelessly communicates with the ground station 300.
- the spray control module 60 is electrically connected to the spray system 150, the power control module 120, and the interface expansion module 30, respectively, and the RTK station 160 and the satellite.
- the positioning module 40 is electrically connected and wirelessly communicates with the base station 400.
- the data transmission module is configured to receive data sent by the ground station, and send the data to the main control module after processing; the main control module is further configured to send the flight state data to the ground station through the data transmission module; the main control module It is also used to process the data sent by the data transmission module and feed back to the data transmission module.
- the data transmission module may specifically be a wireless data transmitter, and may directly communicate with a ground station or communicate with a ground station indirectly through a remote controller.
- the power supply system supplies power to the spray control module through the power control module; the spray control module acquires the spray state data of the spray system, and processes the data to the main control module; the spray control module also according to the flight state data and the spray state.
- the data generates spray control data and controls the spray status of the spray system based on the spray control data.
- the power supply system supplies power to the spray control module through its flight control power supply.
- the spraying system specifically includes components for implementing the plant protection operation function of the drone, such as a water pump, a fan, and the like.
- the spraying system comprises a fan, a water pump, a liquid level sensor and a flow meter; wherein the fan is disposed on the arm of the drone, the water pump and the liquid level sensor are disposed in the water tank of the drone, and the flow meter is set
- the water pump, fan, water pump, level sensor and flow meter are all electrically connected to the spray control module.
- the water pump is used to extract the liquid in the water tank of the drone and spray it onto the working parcel.
- the liquid contained in the water tank is also different.
- the plant protection operation type is sprinkler operation
- the water tank is filled with water
- the plant protection operation type is sprayed with pesticides
- the water tank contains the pesticide solution.
- the capacity of the water tank is determined by the load capacity of the drone and the amount of liquid required for the operation.
- the spray control module is configured to acquire and process the working state data of the fan, the water pump, the liquid level sensor, and the flow meter, and obtain the wind speed data of the wind turbine, the liquid level data of the water pump, and the liquid flow data, and send the data to the main control. Module.
- the main control module can send the data to the ground station, so that the user can know the working state of the spray system in real time, thereby sending corresponding control commands to the unmanned according to actual needs.
- the spray operation status of the machine is controlled.
- the spray control module is further configured to generate spray control data according to the flight state data, the wind speed data, the liquid level data, and the liquid flow data to control the liquid extraction speed of the water pump and the air volume of the wind turbine.
- the spray control module has independent data processing function, which can generate spray control data according to flight state data, wind speed data, liquid level data and liquid flow data to control the liquid pumping speed of the water pump and the air volume of the fan. Accurate spray control of the drone plant protection work block is realized and the degree of automation is high.
- the spray control module is designed to control the operating state of the spray system.
- the satellite positioning module and the reference station synchronously receive the available satellite data transmitted by the satellite, and perform single-point satellite positioning on the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the reference station obtains the positioning data and correction of the base station according to the available satellite data.
- the data is sent to the satellite positioning module through the RTK radio module; the satellite positioning module processes the available satellite data and the base station positioning data and the correction data to obtain the position information of the drone and sends it to the main control module for the unmanned The machine performs RTK positioning.
- the satellite positioning module is mainly used to combine the inertial measuring instrument, the barometer and the electronic compass built in the main control module to realize the precise positioning of the position of the drone.
- the satellite positioning module Through the satellite positioning module, the available satellite data and the base station positioning data and the correction data are processed, so that the accurate position information of the drone relative to the working parcel can be obtained, thereby realizing the precise operation of the drone on the working parcel.
- the main control module or the spray control module may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors. (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components, etc.
- the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
- the main control module or the spray control module may have a built-in or external storage medium for storing data or an algorithm program, and the storage medium may be a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, or a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), Secure Digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, flash card (Flash Card) and so on.
- Smart Media Card, SMC Smart Media Card, SMC
- Secure Digital Secure Digital
- SD Secure Digital
- flash card Flash Card
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a drone 1000, which includes the flight control system 100 and the receiver 110, the power control module 120, the power system 130, and the power system 140 in the first or second embodiment.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides an unmanned aerial vehicle system including the above-mentioned drone 1000 and a remote controller 200, a ground station 300, and an RTK surveying bar 500;
- the ground station 300 communicates with the remote controller 200, the reference station 400, and the RTK mapping bar 500 in a wireless manner, and the RTK mapping bar 500 communicates with the reference station 400 in a wireless manner.
- the reference station obtains the base station positioning data and the correction data according to the available satellite data; the RTK survey bar is based on the available satellite data and the base station positioning data and the correction data for the boundary points of the working land block and the working land block.
- the boundary point of the obstacle is subjected to RTK positioning to obtain the boundary information of the working block and the boundary information of the obstacle; the ground station is used to generate the mapping data of the working block and the mapping data of the obstacle according to the boundary information and upload the data to the cloud server.
- the route data is also generated according to the working plot and the obstacle mapping data and transmitted to the drone through the remote controller; the ground station acquires the flight state data through the remote controller and processes and displays it, and also sends the flight control command to the drone through the remote controller.
- the remote controller refers to a remote controller that is held by the user and can control the flight state of the drone.
- the remote controller is provided with a rocker, a handle, a communication module, and the like.
- the ground station may be any smart terminal having human-computer interaction and wireless communication function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, a PC client, and the like.
- the ground station can simultaneously realize the processing of the surveying and mapping data of the working plot and the control of the flight state of the drone.
- the corresponding surveying and mapping application is run on the ground station to realize the flight state control function of the drone.
- the surveying application and the drone control application can be integrated into one application or separately.
- the ground station generates the mapping data of the obstacles in the working and working blocks and the route data, thereby realizing the control of the flight path of the drone; processing and displaying the flight state data of the drone through the ground station This allows the user to remotely observe and control the flight status of the drone through the ground station.
- each functional unit and module described above is exemplified. In practical applications, the above functions may be assigned to different functional units as needed.
- the module is completed by dividing the internal structure of the device into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the functions described above.
- Each functional unit and module in the embodiment may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit, and the integrated unit may be hardware.
- Formal implementation can also be implemented in the form of software functional units.
- the specific names of the respective functional units and modules are only for the purpose of facilitating mutual differentiation, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
- For the specific working process of the unit and the module in the foregoing system reference may be made to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
- the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
- each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
- the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
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Abstract
提供了一种飞行控制系统（100）、无人机及无人机系统，适用于无人机技术领域，其中，无人机系统包括无人机、遥控器（200）、地面站（300），无人机包括飞行控制系统（100）以及接收机（110）、电源控制模块（120）和与电源控制模块（120）电连接的电源系统（130）和动力系统（140），飞行控制系统（100）包括主控模块（10）、稳压指示模块（20）、接口扩展模块（30）和卫星定位模块（40）；主控模块（10）分别与电源控制模块（120）、稳压指示模块（20）、接口扩展模块（30）、卫星定位模块（40）和接收机（110）电连接，电源控制模块（120）还分别与稳压指示模块（20）和接口扩展模块（30）电连接，接口扩展模块（30）还与卫星定位模块（40）电连接，接收机（110）与遥控器（200）通过无线方式通信，无人机还与地面站（300）通过无线方式通信，实现了对以无人机的飞行状态的自动控制，使用户可以实时获知无人机的飞行状态，还便于用户肉眼观察无人机的飞行状态。
Description
本申请属于无人机技术领域，尤其涉及一种飞行控制系统、无人机及无人机系统。
随着科学技术的不断发展，各种类型的无人机不断普及，例如，植保无人机、航拍无人机、救援无人机、运载无人机等，为人们的生产和生活带来了极大便利。
现有的通常只能由用户通过配套的遥控器的操纵杆来进行手动控制，自动化程度较低，并且在无人机飞行过程中难以观察无人机的飞行状态。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种飞行控制系统、无人机及无人机系统，功能多样，可实现对无人机的自动控制，自动化程度高，并可在无人机飞行过程中实时指示无人机的飞行状态。
本申请实施例的第一方面提供了一种飞行控制系统，应用于无人机系统，其特征在于，所述无人机系统包括无人机、遥控器和地面站，所述无人机包括所述飞行控制系统以及接收机、电源控制模块和与所述电源控制模块电连接的电源系统和动力系统，所述飞行控制系统包括主控模块、稳压指示模块、接口扩展模块和卫星定位模块；
所述主控模块分别与所述电源控制模块、所述稳压指示模块、所述接口扩展模块、所述卫星定位模块和所述接收机电连接，所述电源控制模块还分别与所述稳压指示模块和所述接口扩展模块电连接，所述接口扩展模块还与所述卫星定位模块电连接，所述接收机与所述遥控器通过无线方式通信；
所述电源系统通过所述电源控制模块为所述动力系统、所述稳压指示模块和所述接口扩展模块供电；所述稳压指示模块对所述电源系统的电能进行稳压后为所述主控模块供电；所述接口扩展模块获取所述电源系统的电能为所述卫星定位模块供电；
所述接收机接收到所述遥控器发送的启动指令时，触发所述主控模块解锁；所述接收机接收到所述遥控器发送的飞行控制指令时，对所述飞行控制指令进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述卫星定位模块通过单点卫星定位方式或RTK定位方式实时获取定位数据并发送给所述主控模块，以对所述无人机的位置进行定位；
所述主控模块处于解锁状态时，根据所述飞行控制指令和所述定位数据控制所述动力系统的动力状态，以对所述无人机的飞行状态进行控制，并在所述无人机的飞行过程中，实时获取所述动力系统的动力状态数据并进行处理得到所述无人机的飞行状态数据；所述稳压指示模块对所述主控模块的解锁状态和闭锁状态以及所述无人机的飞行状态进行指示；所述主控模块通过所述接收机将所述飞行状态数据发送给所述遥控器。
在一个实施例中，所述飞行控制系统还包括数据传输模块；
所述数据传输模块与所述主控模块电连接并与所述地面站通过无线方式通信；
所述数据传输模块接收所述地面站发送的数据，并进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述主控模块通过所述数据传输模块将所述飞行状态数据发送给所述地面站；
所述主控模块还对所述数据传输模块发送的数据进行处理，并反馈给所述数据传输模块。
在一个实施例中，所述无人机还包括喷洒系统，所述飞行控制系统还包括喷洒控制模块；
所述喷洒控制模块分别与所述喷洒系统、所述电源控制模块和所述接口扩展模块电连接；
所述电源系统通过所述电源控制模块为所述喷洒控制模块供电；
所述喷洒控制模块获取所述喷洒系统的喷洒状态数据，并进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述喷洒控制模块还根据所述飞行状态数据和所述喷洒状态数据生成喷洒控制数据，并根据所述喷洒控制数据反馈控制所述喷洒系统的喷洒状态。
在一个实施例中，所述喷洒系统包括风机、水泵、液位传感器和流量计；
所述风机设置于所述无人机的机臂，所述水泵和所述液位传感器设置于所述无人机的水箱，所述流量计设置于所述水泵，所述风机、所述水泵、所述液位传感器和所述流量计均与所述喷洒控制模块电连接；
所述喷洒控制模块获取所述风机、所述水泵、所述液位传感器和所述流量计的工作状态数据并进行处理，得到所述风机的风速数据、所述水泵的液位数据和液体流量数据并发送给所述主控模块；所述喷洒控制模块还根据所述飞行状态数据、所述风速数据、所述液位数据和所述液体流量数据生成喷洒控制数据，以控制所述水泵的液体抽取速度和所述风机的风量大小。
在一个实施例中，所述电源系统包括动力电源和飞控电源；
所述动力电源和所述飞控电源均与所述电源控制模块电连接；
所述动力电源为所述动力系统供电；
所述飞控电源为所述飞行控制系统供电。
在一个实施例中，所述动力系统包括继电器、舵机、点火器、喷油嘴、启动电机、发动机、霍尔传感器和螺旋桨；所述继电器也可以替换为其他开关器件，例如MOSFET。
所述霍尔传感器设置于所述点火器，所述继电器与所述启动电机电连接，所述电源控制模块分别与所述继电器、所述舵机、所述点火器和所述霍尔传感器电连接；
所述电源控制模块通过所述继电器控制所述启动电机的启动，并和所述点火器一起控制所述发动机启动；
所述舵机和喷油嘴作为调整所述发动机和所述无人机的螺旋桨转动的执行部件；
所述霍尔传感器采集所述发动机的转动数据；
所述电源控制模块对所述转动数据进行处理得到所述发动机的转速和所述螺旋桨的转动角度，并生成所述动力系统的动力状态数据；每当所述螺旋桨转动到特定角度时，所述电源控制模块控制所述点火器启动，以使所述发动机正常工作；
所述主控模块还根据所述飞行控制指令，通过所述电源控制模块控制所述舵机的舵盘的摆动角度和/或所述喷油嘴的喷油量，以控制所述发动机的转速和所述螺旋桨的升力。
在一个实施例中，所述无人机还包括RTK电台和基准站；
所述RTK电台与所述卫星定位模块电连接并与所述基准站通过无线方式通信；
所述卫星定位模块和所述基准站同步接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，对所述无人机的位置进行卫星定位；
所述基准站根据所述可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据，并通过所述RTK电台模块发送给所述卫星定位模块；
所述卫星定位模块对所述可用卫星数据和所述基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，得到所述无人机的位置信息并发送给所述主控模块，对所述无人机进行RTK定位。
在一个实施例中，所述稳压指示模块包括数据接口，所述数据接口用于连接外部终端对所述主控模块的内部程序进行更新或升级。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种无人机，其包括上述的飞行控制系统以及接收机、电源控制模块、电源系统、动力系统、喷洒系统、基准站和RTK电台。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种无人机系统，其包括上述的无人机以及遥控器、地面站和RTK测绘杆；
所述地面站与所述遥控器、所述基准站和所述RTK测绘杆通过无线方式通信，所述RTK测绘杆与所述基准站通过无线方式通信；
所述RTK测绘杆和所述基准站同步接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，对所述RTK测绘杆的位置进行单点卫星定位；
所述基准站根据所述可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据，并通过所述无线通信发送给所述RTK测绘杆；
所述RTK测绘杆根据所述可用卫星数据和所述基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，对所述作业地块的边界点和所述作业地块中的障碍物的边界点进行RTK定位，获得所述作业地块的边界信息和所述障碍物的边界信息；
所述地面站根据所述边界信息生成所述作业地块的测绘数据和所述障碍物的测绘数据并上传至云服务器，还根据所述测绘数据生成航线数据并通过所述遥控器发送给所述无人机；所述地面站通过所述遥控器获取所述飞行状态数据并进行处理和显示，还通过所述遥控器向所述无人机发送飞行控制指令。
本申请实施例通过根据遥控器发送的飞行控制指令和无人机的位置信息控制无人机的动力系统的动力状态，可实现对无人机的飞行状态的自动控制；通过在所述无人机的飞行过程中，实时获取动力系统的动力状态数据并处理得到无人机的飞行状态数据后发送给遥控器，使用户可以实时获知无人机的飞行状态；通过对无人机的飞行状态进行指示，便于用户肉眼观察无人机的飞行状态；通过地面站生成作业地块和作业地块中障碍物的测绘数据以及航线数据，从而实现对无人机飞行航线的控制；通过地面站对无人机的飞行状态数据进行处理和显示，使得用户可以通过地面站对无人机的飞行状态进行远程观察和控制。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例一提供的飞行控制系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例二提供的飞行控制系统的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例三提供的无人机的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例三提供的无人机系统的结构示意图。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“包括”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含一系列系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的模块或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的模块或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些产品或设备固有的其它模块或单元。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等是用于区别不同对象，而非用于描述特定顺序。
实施例一
本实施例提供了一种飞行控制系统，其应用于无人机系统，所述无人机系统包括无人机，特别是用于进行植保作业的植保无人机，其还可以应用于航拍无人机、救援无人机、运载无人机等多种类型的无人机，只需要在实际应用时加装需用的功能部件或者拆卸掉不需要的功能部件即可。
如图1所示，本实施例所提供的飞行控制系统100，其中，无人机系统包括无人机、遥控器200和地面站300，无人机包括飞行控制系统100以及接收机110、电源控制模块120和与电源控制模块120电连接的电源系统130和动力系统140，飞行控制系统100包括主控模块10、稳压指示模块20、接口扩展模块30和卫星定位模块40。
如图1所示，主控模块10分别与电源控制模块120、稳压指示模块20、接口扩展模块30、卫星定位模块40和接收机110电连接，电源控制模块120还分别与稳压指示模块20和接口扩展模块30电连接，接口扩展模块30还与卫星定位模块40电连接，接收机110与遥控器200通过无线方式通信，遥控器200与地面站300通过无线方式通信。
在本实施例中，电源系统用于通过电源控制模块为动力系统、稳压指示模块和接口扩展模块供电；稳压指示模块用于对电源系统的电能进行稳压后为主控模块供电；接口扩展模块用于获取电源系统的电能为卫星定位模块供电。
在具体应用中，电源系统具体可以包括蓄电池，例如，锂离子电池或电池组等，蓄电池可以拆卸进行充电或更换，也可以固定设置直接连接相应的充电器实现充电。
在一个实施例中，电源系统包括动力电源和飞控电源；动力电源和飞控电源均与电源控制模块电连接；动力电源为动力系统供电；飞控电源为飞行控制系统供电。
在具体应用中，可以设置不同的电源分别为动力系统和飞行控制系统供电，由于动力系统和飞行控制系统的工作电压和耗电量有明显差异，因此，分别采用不同的电源进行供电，可以对二者进行有针对性的差异化供电，保证动力系统和飞行控制系统正常工作，并且在其中一个电源电量不足时，可以单独更换该电源的蓄电池或对蓄电池进行充电，不用对两个电源同步更换蓄电池或对蓄电池进行充电。
在具体应用中，动力系统具体包括为无人机提供飞行动力的部件，例如，舵机、喷油嘴、点火器、发动机、螺旋桨等。
在具体应用中，电源控制模块具体可以包括电调单元和电源转换单元，电调单元具体可以是电子调速器（Electronic Speed
Control，ESC）或发动机控制单元（Engine
Control Unit，ECU），用于根据主控模块发送的控制信号调节动力系统的工作状态，以实现对无人机飞行动力和飞行姿态的控制，例如，调节无人机的舵机的转动角度和喷油量。电源转换单元具体可以是电源转换器，用于按照各模块的用电需求，对电源电压或电流进行调节和转换，以得到适用于各模块的工作电压或电流的供电信号。电源控制模块可以是集中式的，也可以是分布式的，也可以是部分功能集中式和部分功能分布式，例如电源转换单元集中在无人机机体的中央，电调单元分布在每个发动机周围。
在具体应用中，稳压指示模块具备稳压功能，其具体可以包括稳压单元，用于将电源系统提供的电能的电压转换为适用于主控模块的电压，为主控模块供电。
在具体应用中，接口扩展模块主要是用于实现接口扩展功能，其具体可以以是串口集线器，用于实现接口转换，以实现电源控制模块或主控模块与卫星定位模块之间的连接。
在本实施例中，接收机用于在接收到遥控器发送的启动指令时，触发主控模块解锁；接收机还用于在接收到遥控器发送的飞行控制指令时，对飞行控制指令进行处理后发送给主控模块；卫星定位模块用于通过单点卫星定位方式或RTK定位方式实时获取定位数据并发送给主控模块，以对所述无人机的位置进行定位。
在具体应用中，接收机具体可以包括八通道2.4Ghz通信模块，通过2.4Ghz技术实现与遥控器之间的双向无线通信，既可以接收遥控器直接发送或转发的信号，也可以在主控模块的控制下向遥控器发送信号或者通过遥控器将信号转发给地面站。接收机的数据通道数量可以根据实际需要进行设置。由于遥控器发送的信号是电磁波信号不能直接被主控模块识别，主控模块传输给接收机的信号也不能直接被遥控器识别，因此，接收机需要对其接收的信号进行转换和处理之后，才能传输给主控模块或遥控器。
在具体应用中，主控模块在上电之后仍然处于闭锁状态，在接收到遥控器发送的启动指令时，才解锁进入工作状态。
在具体应用中，定位数据具体包括无人机所处的经纬度信息，卫星定位模块具体可以选用双天线RTK模块来实现定位，通过设置两个信号接收天线来分别接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，实现对无人机的水平位置的定位，可以通过两个天线接收到的可用卫星数据之间的差异，可以确定无人机的飞行航向。
在本实施例中，主控模块处于解锁状态时，根据飞行控制指令和定位数据控制动力系统的动力状态，以对无人机的飞行状态进行控制，并在无人机的飞行过程中，实时获取动力系统的动力状态数据并进行处理得到无人机的飞行状态数据；稳压指示模块对主控模块的解锁状态和闭锁状态以及无人机的飞行状态进行指示；主控模块通过接收机将飞行状态数据发送给遥控器。
在具体应用中，主控模块解锁之后，正式进入正常工作状态，在接收到接收机发送的飞行控制指令和卫星定位模块发送的定位数据时，对飞行控制指令和定位数据进行处理，得到用于对动力系统进行控制的控制信号和无人机的位置信息，然后通过电源控制模块对动力系统的工作状态进行控制，以实现对无人机的飞行动力和飞行姿态的控制。
在具体应用中，主控模块内置有惯性测量仪、气压计和电子罗盘；其中，惯性测量仪和气压计用于测量无人机的飞行姿态和高度，并结合卫星定位模块获取的定位数据，实现对无人机的水平位置和垂直高度位置的精确定位。
在具体应用中，稳压指示模块除了实现稳压功能之外，还包括对主控模块的解锁状态和闭锁状态以及无人机的飞行状态进行指示的指示单元。指示单元具体可以通过LED指示灯来实现。可以通过多个不同颜色的LED指示灯来分别指示不同的状态。例如，可以通过控制红色LED指示灯常亮，来指示主控模块处于解锁状态，即指示主控模块启动工作；通过控制红色LED指示灯熄灭，来指示主控模块处于闭锁状态，即指示主控模块未上电或者上电而没有启动工作；通过控制绿色LED指示灯慢闪，来指示无人机的飞行状态正常；通过控制黄色LED指示灯闪烁，来指示无人机的飞行状态处于亚健康状态，即无人机的某些非关键部件发生了故障，但是不影响正常使用；通过控制红色LED指示灯闪烁，来指示无人机的飞行状态处于不健康状态，即无人机的某些关键部件发生了故障，严重影响正常使用。
在具体应用中，可以根据实际需要选择任意类型的指示灯具，并设定指示灯的数量、颜色和发光状态，可以通过不同的指示灯来指示不同的状态，指示灯安装的位置可以是集中式的，也可以是分布式的，还可以是部分集中式部分分布式。上述举例仅仅只是示例性的。
在具体应用中，主控模块还用于在无人机飞行过程中实时获取动力系统的动力状态数据并进行处理，得到无人机的飞行状态数据，然后通过接收机发送给遥控器。以使用户可以通过地面站与遥控器进行通信，以获取无人机的飞行状态数据，实现对无人机飞行状态的实时监控，确保无人机的正常工作，以利于在无人机出现故障时，及时采取相应的维护措施。
在一个实施例中，主控模块还用于对与其连接的各模块发送的数据进行处理并分别反馈给各模块。
在一个实施例中，动力系统包括继电器、舵机、点火器、喷油嘴、启动电机、发动机霍尔传感器和螺旋桨；
霍尔传感器设置于点火器，继电器与启动电机电连接，电源控制模块分别与继电器、舵机、点火器和霍尔传感器电连接；继电器也可以替换为其他开关器件，例如MOSFET。
电源控制模块通过继电器控制启动电机的启动，并和点火器一起控制发动机启动；
舵机和喷油嘴作为调整发动机和无人机的螺旋桨转动的执行部件；
霍尔传感器采集发动机的转动数据；
电源控制模块对转动数据进行处理得到发动机的转速和螺旋桨的转动角度，并生成动力系统的动力状态数据；每当螺旋桨转动到特定角度时，电源控制模块控制点火器启动，以使发动机正常工作；
主控模块还根据飞行控制指令，通过电源控制模块控制舵机的舵盘的摆动角度和/或喷油嘴的喷油量，以控制发动机的转速和螺旋桨的升力。
在一个实施例中，稳压指示模块包括数据接口，数据接口用于连接外部终端对主控模块的内部程序进行更新或升级。
在具体应用中，数据接口具体可以是USB接口，用于连接手机、PC客户端、U盘、移动硬盘等能够存储计算机程序的终端，实现对主控模块内置程序的升级或更新。对于不具备人机交互功能的U盘和移动硬盘等存储介质，可以通过遥控器间接与地面站进行通信，以在地面站的控制下实现对主控模块的升级。
应当理解的是，本实施例中仅仅只是示例性的介绍了与本实施例相关的无人机部件，在具体应用中，无人机必然还包括实现无人机的基本飞行功能的其他部件，例如，主壳体、支撑架结构、油箱、油路、水箱、螺旋桨等等。
本实施例通过根据遥控器发送的飞行控制指令和无人机的位置信息控制无人机的动力系统的动力状态，可实现对无人机的飞行状态的自动控制，通过在无人机的飞行过程中，实时获取动力系统的动力状态数据并处理得到无人机的飞行状态数据后发送给遥控器，使用户可以实时获知无人机的飞行状态，通过对无人机的飞行状态进行指示，便于用户肉眼观察无人机的飞行状态。
实施例二
如图2所示，在本实施例中，实施例一中的无人机还包括喷洒系统150、RTK电台160和基准站400，飞行控制系统100还包括数据传输模块50和喷洒控制模块60；其中，数据传输模块50与主控模块10电连接并与地面站300通过无线方式通信，喷洒控制模块60分别与喷洒系统150、电源控制模块120和接口扩展模块30电连接，RTK电台160与卫星定位模块40电连接并与基准站400通过无线方式通信。
在本实施例中，数据传输模块用于接收地面站发送的数据，并进行处理后发送给主控模块；主控模块通过数据传输模块还用于将飞行状态数据发送给地面站；主控模块还用于对数据传输模块发送的数据进行处理，并反馈给数据传输模块。
在具体应用中，数据传输模块具体可以是无线数据传输器，可以直接与地面站进行通信或者通过遥控器间接与地面站通信。
在本实施例中，电源系统通过电源控制模块为喷洒控制模块供电；喷洒控制模块获取喷洒系统的喷洒状态数据，并进行处理后发送给主控模块；喷洒控制模块还根据飞行状态数据和喷洒状态数据生成喷洒控制数据，并根据喷洒控制数据控制喷洒系统的喷洒状态。
在具体应用中，电源系统具体通过其飞控电源为喷洒控制模块供电。
在具体应用中，喷洒系统具体包括用于实现无人机的植保作业功能的部件，例如水泵、风机等。
在一个实施例中，喷洒系统包括风机、水泵、液位传感器和流量计；其中，风机设置于所述无人机的机臂，水泵和液位传感器设置于无人机的水箱，流量计设置于水泵，风机、水泵、液位传感器和流量计均与喷洒控制模块电连接。
在本实施例中，水泵用于抽取无人机的水箱中的液体并喷洒至作业地块。
在具体应用中，根据无人机植保作业类型的不同，水箱中所盛装的液体也不相同。例如，植保作业类型为洒水作业时，则水箱中盛装水；植保作业类型为喷洒农药作业时，则水箱中盛装农药溶液。水箱的容量具体由无人机的载重量和作业所需的液体量来决定。
在本实施例中，喷洒控制模块用于获取风机、水泵、液位传感器和流量计的工作状态数据并进行处理，得到风机的风速数据、水泵的液位数据和液体流量数据并发送给主控模块。
在具体应用中，主控模块在获取到喷洒控制模块发送的数据之后可以将其发送给地面站，以使用户可以实时获知喷洒系统的工作状态，从而根据实际需要发送相应的控制指令对无人机的喷洒作业状态进行控制。
在本实施例中，喷洒控制模块还用于根据飞行状态数据、风速数据、液位数据和液体流量数据生成喷洒控制数据，以控制水泵的液体抽取速度和风机的风量大小。
在具体应用中，喷洒控制模块具有独立的数据处理功能，可以根据飞行状态数据、风速数据、液位数据和液体流量数据生成喷洒控制数据，以控制水泵的液体抽取速度和风机的风量大小，能实现对无人机植保作业地块的精准喷洒控制且自动化程度高。喷洒控制模块专用于对喷洒系统的工作状态进行控制。
在本实施例中，卫星定位模块和基准站同步接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，对所述无人机的位置进行单点卫星定位；基准站根据可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据，并通过RTK电台模块发送给卫星定位模块；卫星定位模块对可用卫星数据和基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，得到无人机的位置信息并发送给主控模块，对所述无人机进行RTK定位。
在具体应用中，卫星定位模块主要用于结合主控模块内置的惯性测量仪、气压计和电子罗盘，来实现对无人机位置的精确定位。通过卫星定位模块对可用卫星数据和基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，可以得到无人机的相对于作业地块的准确位置信息，从而实现无人机在作业地块上的精准作业。
在具体应用中，主控模块或喷洒控制模块可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器
(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路 (Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列
(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA) 或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
在具体应用中，主控模块或喷洒控制模块可以内置或外接存储介质，用于存储数据或算法程序，存储介质可以是硬盘、内存、插接式硬盘、智能存储卡（Smart
Media Card， SMC）、安全数字（Secure
Digital， SD）卡、闪存卡（Flash
Card）等。
实施例三
如图3所示，本申请实施例还提供一种无人机1000，其包括实施例一或二中的飞行控制系统100以及接收机110、电源控制模块120、电源系统130、动力系统140、喷洒系统150、基准站400和RTK电台160。
如图4所示，本申请实施例还提供一种无人机系统，其包括上述无人机1000以及遥控器200、地面站300和RTK测绘杆500；
其中，地面站300与遥控器200、基准站400和RTK测绘杆500通过无线方式通信，RTK测绘杆500与基准站400通过无线方式通信。
在本实施例中，基准站根据可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据；RTK测绘杆根据可用卫星数据和基准站定位数据和修正数据对作业地块的边界点和作业地块中的障碍物的边界点进行RTK定位，获得作业地块的边界信息和障碍物的边界信息；地面站用于根据边界信息生成作业地块的测绘数据和障碍物的测绘数据并上传至云服务器，还根据作业地块和障碍物测绘数据生成航线数据并通过遥控器发送给无人机；地面站通过遥控器获取飞行状态数据并进行处理和显示，还通过遥控器向无人机发送飞行控制指令。
在具体应用中，遥控器是指用户手持的可对无人机的飞行状态进行控制的遥控器，遥控器上设置有摇杆、手柄、通信模块等。
在具体应用中，地面站可以是手机、平板电脑、个人数字助理、PC客户端等任意的具有人机交互和通过无线方式通信功能的智能终端。地面站可以同时实现对作业地块的测绘数据的处理和对无人机飞行状态的控制，当实现测绘数据处理功能时，在地面站上运行相应的测绘应用，实现无人机飞行状态控制功能时，在地面站上运行无人机控制应用，测绘应用和无人机控制应用可以集成在一个应用程序中也可以单独实现。
本实施例通过地面站生成作业地块和作业地块中障碍物的测绘数据以及航线数据，从而实现对无人机飞行航线的控制；通过地面站对无人机的飞行状态数据进行处理和显示，使得用户可以通过地面站对无人机的飞行状态进行远程观察和控制。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成，即将所述装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施例中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中，上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外，各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述系统中单元、模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种飞行控制系统，应用于无人机系统，其特征在于，所述无人机系统包括无人机、遥控器和地面站，所述无人机包括所述飞行控制系统以及接收机、电源控制模块和与所述电源控制模块电连接的电源系统和动力系统，所述飞行控制系统包括主控模块、稳压指示模块、接口扩展模块和卫星定位模块；所述主控模块分别与所述电源控制模块、所述稳压指示模块、所述接口扩展模块、所述卫星定位模块和所述接收机电连接，所述电源控制模块还分别与所述稳压指示模块和所述接口扩展模块电连接，所述接口扩展模块还与所述卫星定位模块电连接，所述接收机与所述遥控器通过无线方式通信；所述电源系统通过所述电源控制模块为所述动力系统、所述稳压指示模块和所述接口扩展模块供电；所述稳压指示模块对所述电源系统的电能进行稳压后为所述主控模块供电；所述接口扩展模块获取所述电源系统的电能为所述卫星定位模块供电；所述接收机接收到所述遥控器发送的启动指令时，触发所述主控模块解锁；所述接收机接收到所述遥控器发送的飞行控制指令时，对所述飞行控制指令进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述卫星定位模块通过单点卫星定位方式或RTK定位方式实时获取定位数据并发送给所述主控模块，以对所述无人机的位置进行定位；所述主控模块处于解锁状态时，根据所述飞行控制指令和所述定位数据控制所述动力系统的动力状态，以对所述无人机的飞行状态进行控制，并在所述无人机的飞行过程中，实时获取所述动力系统的动力状态数据并进行处理得到所述无人机的飞行状态数据；所述稳压指示模块对所述主控模块的解锁状态和闭锁状态以及所述无人机的飞行状态进行指示；所述主控模块通过所述接收机将所述飞行状态数据发送给所述遥控器。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述飞行控制系统还包括数据传输模块；所述数据传输模块与所述主控模块电连接并与所述地面站通过无线方式通信；所述数据传输模块接收所述地面站发送的数据，并进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述主控模块通过所述数据传输模块将所述飞行状态数据发送给所述地面站；所述主控模块还对所述数据传输模块发送的数据进行处理，并反馈给所述数据传输模块。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述无人机还包括喷洒系统，所述飞行控制系统还包括喷洒控制模块；所述喷洒控制模块分别与所述喷洒系统、所述电源控制模块和所述接口扩展模块电连接；所述电源系统通过所述电源控制模块为所述喷洒控制模块供电；所述喷洒控制模块获取所述喷洒系统的喷洒状态数据，并进行处理后发送给所述主控模块；所述喷洒控制模块还根据所述飞行状态数据和所述喷洒状态数据生成喷洒控制数据，并根据所述喷洒控制数据反馈控制所述喷洒系统的喷洒状态。
- 如权利要求3所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述喷洒系统包括风机、水泵、液位传感器和流量计；所述风机设置于所述无人机的机臂，所述水泵和所述液位传感器设置于所述无人机的水箱，所述流量计设置于所述水泵，所述风机、所述水泵、所述液位传感器和所述流量计均与所述喷洒控制模块电连接；所述喷洒控制模块获取所述风机、所述水泵、所述液位传感器和所述流量计的工作状态数据并进行处理，得到所述风机的风速数据、所述水泵的液位数据和液体流量数据并发送给所述主控模块；所述喷洒控制模块还根据所述飞行状态数据、所述风速数据、所述液位数据和所述液体流量数据生成喷洒控制数据，以控制所述水泵的液体抽取速度和所述风机的风量大小。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述电源系统包括动力电源和飞控电源；所述动力电源和所述飞控电源均与所述电源控制模块电连接；所述动力电源为所述动力系统供电；所述飞控电源为所述飞行控制系统供电。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述动力系统包括继电器、舵机、点火器、喷油嘴、启动电机、发动机、霍尔传感器和螺旋桨；所述继电器也可以替换为其他开关器件，例如MOSFET。所述霍尔传感器设置于所述点火器，所述继电器与所述启动电机电连接，所述电源控制模块分别与所述继电器、所述舵机、所述点火器和所述霍尔传感器电连接；所述电源控制模块通过所述继电器控制所述启动电机的启动，并和所述点火器一起控制所述发动机启动；所述舵机和喷油嘴作为调整所述发动机和所述无人机的螺旋桨转动的执行部件；所述霍尔传感器采集所述发动机的转动数据；所述电源控制模块对所述转动数据进行处理得到所述发动机的转速和所述螺旋桨的转动角度，并生成所述动力系统的动力状态数据；每当所述螺旋桨转动到特定角度时，所述电源控制模块控制所述点火器启动，以使所述发动机正常工作；所述主控模块还根据所述飞行控制指令，通过所述电源控制模块控制所述舵机的舵盘的摆动角度和/或所述喷油嘴的喷油量，以控制所述发动机的转速和所述螺旋桨的升力。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统和所述无人机，其特征在于，所述无人机还包括RTK电台和基准站；所述RTK电台与所述卫星定位模块电连接并与所述基准站通过无线方式通信；所述卫星定位模块和所述基准站同步接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，对所述无人机的位置进行卫星定位；所述基准站根据所述可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据，并通过所述RTK电台模块发送给所述卫星定位模块；所述卫星定位模块对所述可用卫星数据和所述基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，得到所述无人机的位置信息并发送给所述主控模块，对所述无人机进行RTK定位。
- 如权利要求1所述的飞行控制系统，其特征在于，所述稳压指示模块包括数据接口，所述数据接口用于连接外部终端对所述主控模块的内部程序进行更新或升级。
- 一种无人机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1~8任一项所述的飞行控制系统以及接收机、电源控制模块、电源系统、动力系统、喷洒系统、基准站和RTK电台。
- 一种无人机系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9所述的无人机以及遥控器、地面站和RTK测绘杆；所述地面站与所述遥控器、所述基准站和所述RTK测绘杆通过无线方式通信，所述RTK测绘杆与所述基准站通过无线方式通信；所述RTK测绘杆和所述基准站同步接收卫星发送的可用卫星数据，对所述RTK测绘杆的位置进行单点卫星定位；所述基准站根据所述可用卫星数据进行定位得到基准站定位数据和修正数据，并通过所述无线通信发送给所述RTK测绘杆；所述RTK测绘杆根据所述可用卫星数据和所述基准站定位数据和修正数据进行处理，对所述作业地块的边界点和所述作业地块中的障碍物的边界点进行RTK定位，获得所述作业地块的边界信息和所述障碍物的边界信息；所述地面站根据所述边界信息生成所述作业地块的测绘数据和所述障碍物的测绘数据并上传至云服务器，还根据所述测绘数据生成航线数据并通过所述遥控器发送给所述无人机；所述地面站通过所述遥控器获取所述飞行状态数据并进行处理和显示，还通过所述遥控器向所述无人机发送飞行控制指令。
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