WO2019128779A1 - 用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管 - Google Patents

用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128779A1
WO2019128779A1 PCT/CN2018/121741 CN2018121741W WO2019128779A1 WO 2019128779 A1 WO2019128779 A1 WO 2019128779A1 CN 2018121741 W CN2018121741 W CN 2018121741W WO 2019128779 A1 WO2019128779 A1 WO 2019128779A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
implant
sheath
elastic
tube
proximal end
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PCT/CN2018/121741
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李树君
李思漪
李安宁
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Lifetech Scientific Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Lifetech Scientific Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/9505—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent and instrument
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/9528—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts for retrieval of stents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of interventional medical device technology, in particular to a recovery system and a sheath for a lung volume reduction implant.
  • Emphysema is a common disease, especially in the elderly. According to statistics, the survival rate of patients with end-stage emphysema after 5 years of illness is less than 50%.
  • medical treatment of emphysema includes oxygen inhalation, prevention of pulmonary infection, bronchial spasm, etc., but the efficacy is extremely limited.
  • Surgical treatment is mainly based on lung volume reduction surgery, which is released by transferring the lung volume reduction implant to the target area of the lungs of the human body or animal body using a conveyor, thereby compressing the lung tissue and thereby reducing the lung volume.
  • Implants implanted in the body need to be removed from the body at the appropriate time.
  • the existing method of implant recovery is to grasp the distal ball head of the implant through the grasper, and then directly pull the implant out of the lung, and the other is to grasp by the grasper first.
  • the distal ball tip of the implant is then pushed toward the distal end of the implant to consolidate the implant within the sheath by the pushing force of the sheath and then transported to the outside for recovery. Since the implant is curled after being released in the body and attached to the lung tissue, the curled implant is directly pulled out from the lung, which is liable to cause damage to the lung tissue. Even if the implant is confined in the sheath by means of a sheath tube and then recovered, the head end of the sheath is easily damaged to the lung tissue when the sheath is constricted, and even the lung is puncture. happening.
  • a recovery system for a lung volume reduction implant comprising a delivery cable, a core wire, a sheath and a gripper for grasping or releasing the proximal end of the implant;
  • the distal end of the sheath is provided with an elastic segment for converging the proximal end of the implant in the sheath after the grasper grips the proximal end of the implant.
  • the elastic segment of the tube; the core wire extends through the cavity of the delivery cable for extending into the implant after the proximal end of the implant is inserted into the distal end of the delivery cable
  • the implant is upright until the implant is straightened; the delivery cable runs through the cavity of the sheath for transporting the implant that is being braced from the body to the outside of the body.
  • the distal end of the gripper is provided with a jaw
  • the jaw includes at least two jaws, and when the jaw is closed, the jaws are close to each other, the jaw When opened, the jaws are distant from each other.
  • a sheath for a recovery system of a lung volume reduction implant having a resilient section at a distal end thereof.
  • the elastic section of the sheath is a tubular body having a hollow surface.
  • the elastic section includes a plurality of corrugated structures and a plurality of connectors for axially joining adjacent corrugated structures to form the elastic segments.
  • the elastic segment is made of at least one of the following materials:
  • the superelastic alloy tube is a nickel titanium alloy tube
  • the superelastic alloy wire is a nickel titanium alloy wire
  • the elastic polymer tube is at least one of the following: a rubber tube, a silicone tube, a polyurethane tube, and a block polyetheramide resin tube.
  • the elastic segment has an increased inner diameter when expanded.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end of the elastic segment tapers from the end until it is equal to the outer diameter of the proximal end of the elastic segment.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end of the elastic segment gradually decreases from the distal end to less than the outer diameter of the proximal end of the elastic segment, and then gradually increases to the proximal end of the elastic segment.
  • the outer diameter is equal.
  • the above-mentioned recovery system for a lung volume-reducing implant when recovering the implant implanted in the body, firstly consolidates the proximal end of the implant through the grasper and the sheath tube and fixes it in the elastic section of the sheath tube. Then, the implant is straightened by the core wire after the delivery cable is connected to the implant, and then the linear implant is delivered to the outside to complete the recovery of the implant. Since only the proximal end of the implant needs to be confined within the sheath, rather than confining the entire implant within the sheath, damage to the lung tissue at the tip of the sheath is avoided.
  • the grasper is withdrawn At the time, the proximal end of the implant can be restrained under the constraint of the elastic segment without being displaced within the sheath, avoiding the occurrence of detachment of the implant from the sheath when the grasper is withdrawn.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of an implant to be recovered by the recovery system of the embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing a closed steel sleeve for conveying a steel cable in the recovery system of the embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the transfer system of the embodiment before the connection of the transport cable to the connector of the implant;
  • connection member of the implant in the recovery system of the embodiment inserted into the closing steel sleeve of the conveying steel cable;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the connection of the conveying cable to the connector of the implant in the recycling system of the embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a sheath tube in the recovery system of the embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a developed perspective view of the elastic section of the sheath of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the elastic expansion of the elastic section in the recovery system of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the distal end of the elastic section in the recovery system of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the distal end of the elastic section in the recovery system of the embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a gripper in the recycling system of the embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the jaw of the gripper of Figure 11 when closed;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the jaw of Figure 12 when opened
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the recovery system of the embodiment when the gripper grips the implant
  • Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of the process in which the implant is constricted within the elastic section of the recovery system of the embodiment.
  • the end of the medical device implanted in the human body or the animal body is generally referred to as the proximal end, and the end farther from the operator is referred to as the distal end, and This principle defines the proximal and distal ends of any component of a medical device.
  • the embodiment provides a recovery system for a lung volume reduction implant, the recovery system includes a transport cable, a core wire, a sheath tube and a gripper, and the recovery system can be used for recovering an implant having a cavity, in recycling It is necessary to use the existing bronchoscope. It will be appreciated that the bronchoscope can also be replaced by other devices having similar functions, which are capable of inserting a flexible tube into the body through medical intervention to establish a working channel in the body and to be able to externally fluoroscopy equipment. Provide information such as the location and size of objects implanted in the body.
  • the implant 100 includes an implant base 110 and a connector 120 at the proximal end.
  • the implanted substrate 110 is a spatially geometrically curled body in its natural state.
  • the implanted substrate 110 is shaped into a spatial geometric coil by a process of laser cutting, heat treatment, etc. by a memory alloy tube (for example, a nickel-titanium tube). Since the memory alloy is superelastic and the implanted substrate 110 is a hollow tubular body, the implanted substrate 110 can be curled after inserting a linear wire having a certain bending strength into the implanted substrate 110. The shape is straight and straight, and after the wire is withdrawn, the implanted substrate 110 is restored from a straight shape to a curled state in a natural state.
  • a memory alloy tube for example, a nickel-titanium tube
  • the connecting member 120 of the implant 100 is a hollow tubular body which is made of a metal or polymer material having good biocompatibility by mechanical processing, 3D printing, powder metallurgy, die casting or the like.
  • the connection between the implant base 110 and the connector 120 may be an interference fit, laser welding, bonding, or the like.
  • the proximal end of the connector 120 can be formed in the shape of a circle, a square, a diamond or the like, preferably in the shape of a ball, so as to be inserted into the cuff of the delivery cable.
  • the closed steel sleeve is made of a metal material by mechanical processing into a tubular structure, and a cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction thereof is referred to FIG. 2, which has a plurality of steps and circular chamfers at both ends.
  • the inside of the cuff steel sleeve 210 is provided with a chuck 211 which is made of a superelastic alloy material by mechanical processing and heat setting.
  • the collet 211 includes a first clamping bar 2111 and a second clamping bar 2112. The respective distal ends of the first clamping bar 2111 and the second clamping bar 2112 are close to each other in an initial state, and their respective proximal ends are respectively fixed to the cuff steel sleeve 210.
  • the inner wall of the first clamping rod 2111 and the second clamping rod 2112 have a maximum outer diameter in the natural state that is smaller than the inner diameter of the proximal end of the tubular body of the connector 100 of the implant 100, so that the collet 211 can It is easy to enter the cavity at the proximal end of the connector 120.
  • the collet 211 includes more than two clamping bars, and the clamping bar has the same structure and function as the first clamping bar 2111 or the second clamping bar 2112.
  • the connecting member 120 is inserted into the cuff steel 210, and the connection between the implant 100 and the conveying cable can be realized after the core wire 300 is passed out from the distal end of the conveying cable.
  • the core wire 300 respectively spreads the first clamping bar 2111 and the second clamping bar 2112 toward the inner wall of the cuff steel sleeve 210, and the overall outer diameter of the first clamping bar 2111 and the second clamping bar 2112 is larger than the implant.
  • the inner diameter of the proximal end of the tubular body of the connector 100 of the body 100 is smaller than the inner diameter of the distal end of the tubular body such that the distal end of the first clamping rod 2111 and the distal end of the second clamping rod 2112 are engaged inside the proximal end of the connecting member 120.
  • the delivery cable is connected to the implant 100.
  • the control core wire 300 continues to penetrate into the interior of the implant 100, and the implant 100 can be made into a linear shape from a curled shape.
  • the implant 100 returns to a curled shape.
  • the sheath passes through the working channel of the bronchoscope, the bronchoscope is used to guide the distal end of the sheath in the body close to the implant 100; the grasper is used to grasp or loosen the proximal end of the implant 100; the distal end of the grasper Extending from the distal end of the sheath and after grasping the proximal end of the implant 100, the sheath is used to consolidate the proximal end of the implant 100 within the elastic section of the sheath; the core wire 300 is transported throughout a cavity of the cable for inserting into the cavity of the implant 100 after the proximal end of the implant 100 is inserted into the distal end of the delivery cable until the implant 100 is straightened; the delivery cable runs through the sheath A cavity for delivering the implanted implant 100 from the body to the outside of the body.
  • the sheath 400 includes, in order from the distal end to the proximal end, an elastic section 410, a tubular body 420, and a sheath joint 430.
  • the elastic section 410 is a tubular body having a hollow surface.
  • the elastic section 410 of the hollow structure has better flexibility than the non-hollow surface of the elastic section 410, and is more suitable for the lung tissue with more branches and complicated structures, and is easier to pass through the bronchus when the body is deformed by force.
  • the device such as the mirror is accurately recognized by the operator, thereby improving the accuracy and safety of the operation.
  • the contact area of the elastic section 410 with the tissue in the body is smaller, the damage to the tissue in the body is smaller.
  • the elastic section 410 is made of a superelastic alloy tube by laser cutting or by a superelastic alloy wire.
  • the superelastic alloy tube is a nickel titanium alloy tube
  • the superelastic alloy wire is a nickel titanium alloy wire.
  • the elastic section 410 is made of a nickel-titanium alloy material such as a nickel-titanium alloy tube or a nickel-titanium alloy wire and has good X-ray developability, so that it is not necessary to additionally add a development mark to the distal end of the sheath tube 400.
  • the elastic segment 410 is a non-hollow tubular body, and the elastic segment 410 is made of an elastic polymer tube.
  • the elastic polymer tube is at least one of the following: a rubber tube, a silicone tube, a polyurethane tube (PU) Tube), block polyetheramide resin tube (Pebax tube).
  • the elastic segment 410 is made of at least two of a superelastic alloy tube, a superelastic alloy wire, and an elastic polymer tube.
  • the distal end of the elastic segment 410 is made of a superelastic alloy wire, near The end is made of a superelastic alloy tube by laser cutting, or the distal end of the elastic section 410 is laser cut by a superelastic alloy tube, the proximal end is made of a superelastic alloy wire, or the distal end of the elastic section 410 is elastic.
  • the polymer tube is made of a proximal end made of a superelastic alloy wire, or the distal end of the elastic section 410 is made of an elastic polymer tube, the proximal end is made of a superelastic alloy tube by laser cutting, and the like.
  • the elastic section 410 can be laser cut by using a nickel-titanium alloy tube having an outer diameter of 2-3 mm and a wall thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm, and then subjected to heat setting, sand blasting, polishing, and the like.
  • the elastic section 410 includes a plurality of corrugated structures 411 and a plurality of connecting members 412 for axially connecting adjacent corrugated structures 411.
  • the elastic section 410 is formed.
  • the outer shape of the elastic section 410 includes, but is not limited to, the structure of the developed view shown in FIG.
  • the tube of the elastic section 410 can be elastically expanded correspondingly with the change of the outer diameter of the object in the lumen or restored to the original state by the elastic expansion state.
  • the elastic section 410 has an inner diameter that increases when expanded.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end of the elastic section 410 can be gradually reduced from the end by using a suitable heat setting mold until it is equal to the outer diameter of the proximal end of the elastic section 410, as shown in FIG.
  • a suitable heat setting mold can make the implant 100 more easily enter the interior of the lumen of the elastic section 410.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end of the elastic segment 410 can be gradually reduced from the end to the outer diameter of the proximal end of the elastic segment 410 by a suitable heat setting die, and then gradually increased to the elastic segment 410.
  • the outer diameters of the proximal ends are equal such that the distal end of the elastic section 410 has a constricted section (not shown), as shown in Fig.
  • such a design can facilitate the implantation of the implant 100 into the lumen of the elastic section 410.
  • the ground is fixed in the constricted section.
  • the elastic section 410 and the tubular body 420 may be joined by bonding, polymer hot melt, or the like.
  • the distal end of the gripper 500 is provided with a jaw 510.
  • the jaw 510 includes at least two jaws 511. When the jaws 510 are closed, all the jaws 511 are close to each other. When the jaws 510 are opened, all the jaws 511 are opened. Keep away from each other.
  • the grasper 500 can be a biopsy forceps. Referring to FIG. 11, the biopsy forceps includes a jaw 510, a delivery rod 520, a slider 530, and a handle 540 from the distal end to the proximal end.
  • the maximum outer diameter of the distal end of the biopsy forceps that is, the outer diameter of the jaws 510 when opened (refer to Figure 12) is less than or equal to 1.8 mm.
  • the jaws 510 can clamp the proximal end of the implant 100 when closed, and can loosen the proximal end of the implant 100 when deployed to disengage the implant 100 from the biopsy forceps.
  • the delivery rod 520 can be made of a flexible steel cable.
  • the handle 540 is for the operator to hold outside the body, and the slider 530 cooperates with the handle 540 to control the opening and closing of the jaw 510 of the biopsy forceps.
  • the above recovery system includes the following processes and operation steps when recovering the implant 100 having a cavity:
  • the sheath 400 is inserted into the working channel 610 of the bronchoscope 600 in vitro, and the distal end surface of the sheath 400 is flush with the distal end surface of the bronchoscope 600; the bronchoscope 600 is inserted through the oral cavity into the bronchi, in the bronchi The position where the implant 100 is implanted is found under the guidance of the mirror 600.
  • the gripper 500 establishes a connection with the implant 100:
  • the proximal end of the implant 100 is received in the elastic section 410:
  • the jaw 510 holding the gripper 500 always clamps the connector 120 of the implant 100 while pushing the sheath 400 distally to receive the connector 120 of the implant 100 within the elastic section 410;
  • the mouth 510 is configured to separate the jaws 510 from the connector 120 of the implant 100; the gripper 500 is retracted, and the jaws of the gripper 500 are closed after the jaws 510 are spaced apart from the connector 120 of the implant 100 by a distance Mouth 510; the gripper 500 is withdrawn from the sheath 400.
  • the proximal end of the implant 100 is still contained within the elastic section 410 of the sheath tube 400.
  • the delivery cable is inserted into the sheath tube 400; under the guidance of the fluoroscopic image device 620, the delivery cable is pushed distally so that the connector 120 at the proximal end of the implant 100 is inserted into the cuff steel 210 of the delivery cable ( The inside of the core wire 300 (not shown) is moved distally to extend the implant 100 after the distal end of the core wire 300 extends into the cavity of the implant 100, thereby completing the implantation. Loading of the body 100.
  • the delivery cable, the sheath 400, and the bronchoscope 600 of the loaded implant 100 are sequentially withdrawn, thereby completing the recovery of the implant 100.
  • the recovery system for the lung volume-reducing implant 100 of the present embodiment when recovering the implant 100 implanted in the body, first converges the proximal end of the implant 100 through the gripper 500 and the sheath 400.
  • the elastic section 410 of the sheath tube 400 is fixed, and then the implant 100 is straightened by the core wire 300 after the delivery cable is connected to the implant 100, thereby transporting the linear implant 100 to the outside to complete the pair. Recycling of the implant 100. Since only the proximal end of the implant 100 needs to be confined within the sheath 400, rather than the entire implant 100 being constricted within the sheath 400, damage to the lung tissue caused by the tip end of the sheath 400 is avoided. .
  • the proximal end of the implant 100 is confined within the sheath 400, since the distal end of the sheath 400 is provided with an elastic segment 410 and the implant 100 is constricted within the elastic segment 410, When the grasper 500 is withdrawn, the proximal end of the implant 100 can be restrained under the elastic section 410 without being offset within the sheath 400, avoiding the implant 100 being withdrawn at the gripper 500. This occurs when the detachment from the sheath 400 occurs.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于肺减容植入体(100)的回收系统，包括输送钢缆、芯丝(300)、鞘管(400)和抓持器(500)，抓持器(500)用于抓持或松开植入体(100)的近端；鞘管(400)的远端设有弹性段(410)，鞘管(400)用于在抓持器(500)抓持植入体(100)的近端后，将植入体(100)的近端收束在鞘管(400)的弹性段(410)内；芯丝(300)贯穿输送钢缆的腔体，用于在植入体(100)的近端插入输送钢缆的远端后，伸入植入体(100)的腔体内直至将植入体(100)撑直；输送钢缆贯穿鞘管(400)的腔体，用于将被撑直的植入体(100)从体内输送到体外。还涉及一种用于肺减容植入体(100)的回收系统的鞘管。回收系统在回收植入体(100)时避免了对肺组织造成的损伤。

Description

用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管 技术领域
本发明涉及介入医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管。
背景技术
肺气肿是一种常见病，尤其老年人的发病率较高。据统计，终末期肺气肿患者在患病5年后的生存率不足50％。传统上，肺气肿的内科治疗包括吸氧、预防肺部感染、支气管解痉等，但疗效极为有限。外科治疗多以肺减容外科手术为主，通过将肺减容植入体使用输送器输送到人体或动物体肺部的目标区域后释放，从而压缩肺组织进而减小肺容积。
植入体内的植入体在适当的时候需要从体内取出。现有的植入体回收方式，一种是通过抓持器抓住植入体的远端球头，然后直接将植入体从肺部拉出，另一种是先通过抓持器抓住植入体的远端球头，然后将鞘管朝植入体的远端方向推送，以借助鞘管的推送力将植入体收束在鞘管内，然后输送到体外进行回收。由于植入体在体内释放后呈卷曲状，且附着在肺组织上，直接将卷曲状的植入体从肺部拉出，极易对肺组织造成损伤。即使是采用借助鞘管将植入体收束在鞘管内然后再回收的方式，在鞘管收束植入体时，鞘管的头端也容易对肺组织造成损伤，甚至出现戳破肺的情况。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对采用现有回收方式回收植入体极易对肺组织造成损伤的技术问题提供一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管。
一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统，包括输送钢缆、芯丝、鞘管和抓持器，，所述抓持器用于抓持或松开所述植入体的近端；所述鞘管的远端设有弹性段，所述鞘管用于在所述抓持器抓持所述植入体的近端后，将所述植入体的近端收束在所述鞘管的弹性段内；所述芯丝贯穿所述输送钢缆的腔体，用于在所述植入体的近端插入所述输送钢缆的远端后，伸入所述植入体的腔体内直至将所述植入体撑直；所述输送钢缆贯穿所述鞘管的腔体，用于将被撑直的所述植入体从体内输送到体外。
在其中一个实施例中，所述抓持器的远端设有钳嘴，所述钳嘴包括至少两个钳瓣，所述钳嘴在闭合时，所述钳瓣相互靠拢，所述钳嘴在张开时，所述钳瓣相互远离。
一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统的鞘管，所述鞘管的远端设有弹性段。
在其中一个实施例中，所述鞘管的弹性段为表面具有镂空的管状体。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性段包括若干个波形结构和若干个连接件，所述连接件用于将相邻的波形结构进行轴向连接以构成所述弹性段。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性段至少由以下之一的材料制成：
超弹性合金管、超弹性合金丝、弹性高分子管。
在其中一个实施例中，所述超弹性合金管为镍钛合金管，所述超弹性合金丝为镍钛合金丝。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性高分子管至少为以下之一：橡胶管、硅胶管、聚氨酯管、嵌段聚醚酰胺树脂管。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性段在被扩张时内径增大。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性段的远端的外径自末端起逐渐减小，直至与所述弹性段的近端的外径相等。
在其中一个实施例中，所述弹性段的远端的外径自末端起逐渐减小至小于所述弹性段的近端的外径，之后再逐渐增大至与所述弹性段的近端的外径相等。
上述用于肺减容植入体的回收系统，在回收植入体内的植入体时，先通过抓持器和鞘管将植入体的近端收束在鞘管的弹性段内进行固定，然后通过芯丝在输送钢缆与植入体连接后将植入体撑直，进而将直线状的植入体输送到体外 以完成对植入体的回收。由于只需要将植入体的近端收束在鞘管内，而非将植入体整个收束在鞘管内，因而避免了鞘管头端对肺组织造成的损伤。另一方面，在植入体的近端收束在鞘管内后，由于鞘管的远端设置有弹性段，且植入体是被收束在弹性段内，因而在抓持器被撤出时，植入体的近端能够在弹性段的约束下而不会在鞘管内发生偏移，避免了植入体在抓持器被撤出时从鞘管内脱离这一情况的发生。
附图说明
图1为实施例的回收系统所要回收的植入体的结构示意图；
图2为实施例的回收系统中输送钢缆的收口钢套的侧面剖视图；
图3为实施例的回收系统中输送钢缆与植入体的连接件连接前的示意图；
图4为实施例的回收系统中植入体的连接件插入输送钢缆的收口钢套内的示意图；
图5为实施例的回收系统中输送钢缆与植入体的连接件连接后的示意图；
图6为实施例的回收系统中鞘管的结构示意图；
图7为图6中鞘管的弹性段的展开示意图；
图8为实施例的回收系统中弹性段发生弹性扩张的示意图；
图9为实施例的回收系统中弹性段的远端在另一实施例的结构示意图；
图10为实施例的回收系统中弹性段的远端在另一实施例的结构示意图；
图11为实施例的回收系统中抓持器的结构示意图；
图12为图11中抓持器的钳嘴在闭合时的示意图；
图13为图12中钳嘴在张开时的示意图；
图14为实施例的回收系统在抓持器抓持植入体时的示意图；
图15为实施例的回收系统中植入体被收束在弹性段内的过程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅 仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的是，在介入医疗器械领域，一般将植入人体或动物体内的医疗器械的距离操作者较近的一端称为近端，将距离操作者较远的一端称为远端，并依据此原理定义医疗器械的任一部件的近端和远端。
以下将结合具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例
本实施例提出一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统，回收系统包括输送钢缆、芯丝、鞘管和抓持器，回收系统可用于回收具有腔体的植入体，在回收时需借助现有的支气管镜。可以理解，支气管镜也可以由具有相似功能的其他设备代替，这些设备要能够通过医疗介入手段在体内插入一根具有柔韧性的管，以在体内建立工作通道，且能够向体外的透视影像设备提供植入体内的物体的位置和大小等信息。
请参考图1，植入体100包括植入基体110和位于近端的连接件120。植入基体110在自然状态下为空间几何卷曲体。植入基体110由记忆合金管(例如镍钛管)通过激光切割、热处理等工艺定型为空间几何卷曲体。由于记忆合金具有超弹性，且植入基体110为中空的管状体，则将一根直线型且具有一定抗弯曲强度的金属丝插入到植入基体110内部后，能够将植入基体110从卷曲状撑直为直线状，且在撤出金属丝后，植入基体110从直线状恢复到自然状态下的卷曲状。
植入体100的连接件120为中空的管状体，其由生物相容性较好的金属或高分子材料通过机械加工、3D打印、粉末冶金、压铸等方式制成。植入基体110和连接件120的连接方式可以为过盈配合、激光焊接、粘接等。连接件120的近端端部可制成圆形、方形、菱形等形状，优选制成球头状，以便于插入到输送钢缆的收口钢套内。
收口钢套由金属材料通过机械加工制成管状结构，沿其轴向剖开后的剖视图请参考图2，其具有若干个台阶且两端均设有圆形倒角。收口钢套210的内部设有夹头211，夹头211由具有超弹性的合金材料通过机械加工、热定型制成。夹头211包括第一夹杆2111和第二夹杆2112，第一夹杆2111和第二夹杆2112 各自的远端在初始状态下相互靠拢，其各自的近端分别固定在收口钢套210的内壁上，且第一夹杆2111和第二夹杆2112构成的整体在自然状态下的最大外径小于植入体100的连接件120的管状体近端的内径，以使夹头211能够很容易地进入到连接件120近端的腔体内。在其他实施例中，夹头211包括两个以上的夹杆，且夹杆的结构及作用与第一夹杆2111或第二夹杆2112相同。
请一并参考图3-图5，连接件120插入到收口钢套210内，且在芯丝300从输送钢缆的远端穿出后即可实现植入体100与输送钢缆的连接。此时，芯丝300将第一夹杆2111和第二夹杆2112分别朝向收口钢套210的内壁撑开，且第一夹杆2111和第二夹杆2112构成的整体的外径大于植入体100的连接件120的管状体近端的内径但小于管状体远端的内径，使得第一夹杆2111的远端和第二夹杆2112的远端卡合在连接件120近端的内部，从而将输送钢缆和植入体100连接起来。之后，控制芯丝300继续穿入植入体100的内部，可使植入体100由卷曲状变为直线状。当芯丝300从植入体100的腔体内完全抽出，则植入体100恢复至卷曲状。
鞘管贯穿支气管镜的工作通道，支气管镜用于引导鞘管的远端在体内靠近植入体100；抓持器用于抓持或松开植入体100的近端；抓持器的远端从鞘管的远端伸出并在抓持器抓持植入体100的近端后，鞘管用于将植入体100的近端收束在鞘管的弹性段内；芯丝300贯穿输送钢缆的腔体，用于在植入体100的近端插入输送钢缆的远端后，伸入植入体100的腔体内直至将植入体100撑直；输送钢缆贯穿鞘管的腔体，用于将被撑直的植入体100从体内输送到体外。
请参考图6，鞘管400自远端至近端依次包括弹性段410、管状主体420和鞘管接头430，优选地，弹性段410为表面具有镂空的管状体。弹性段410的表面镂空与非镂空相比，镂空结构的弹性段410具有更好的柔顺性，更适用于分支较多且结构复杂的肺部组织，且在体内受力变形时更容易通过支气管镜等设备被操作者准确识别出来，从而提高手术的准确度和安全性，此外，由于弹性段410与体内组织的接触面积更小，因而对体内组织造成的损伤更小。弹性段410由超弹性合金管经过激光切割或通过超弹性合金丝编织制成，优选地，超弹性合金管为镍钛合金管，超弹性合金丝为镍钛合金丝。弹性段410采用镍钛合 金管、镍钛合金丝等镍钛合金材料而具有良好的X光显影性，因而不需要在鞘管400的远端额外增加显影标记物。在另一实施例中，弹性段410为非镂空的管状体，弹性段410由弹性高分子管制成，优选地，弹性高分子管至少为以下之一：橡胶管、硅胶管、聚氨酯管(PU管)、嵌段聚醚酰胺树脂管(Pebax管)。
在另一实施例中，弹性段410由超弹性合金管、超弹性合金丝、弹性高分子管中的至少两种制成，例如弹性段410的远端由超弹性合金丝编织制成，近端由超弹性合金管经过激光切割制成，或者弹性段410的远端由超弹性合金管经过激光切割制成，近端由超弹性合金丝编织制成，或者弹性段410的远端由弹性高分子管制成，近端由超弹性合金丝编织制成，或者弹性段410的远端由弹性高分子管制成，近端由超弹性合金管经过激光切割制成，等等。
弹性段410可采用外径为2-3mm、壁厚为0.1-0.3mm的镍钛合金管先进行激光切割，然后经过热定型、喷砂、抛光等工艺制得。弹性段410的其中一种外形结构的展开图请参考图7，弹性段410包括若干个波形结构411和若干个连接件412，连接件412用于将相邻的波形结构411进行轴向连接以构成弹性段410。弹性段410的外形结构包括但不仅限于图7所示展开图的结构。弹性段410的管体能够随着管腔内物体外径的变化而发生相应的弹性扩张或由弹性扩张状态恢复到原状，请参考图8，弹性段410在被扩张时内径增大。因而当抓持器在弹性段410的管腔内移动时，弹性段410的管体上与抓持器接触的部分发生弹性扩张，且在钳嘴510张开时弹性段410发生弹性扩张的程度最大。
在上述热定型过程中，可通过采用合适的热定型模具，使弹性段410的远端的外径自末端起逐渐减小，直至与弹性段410的近端的外径相等，如图9所示，这样的设计能够使植入体100更加容易进入弹性段410的管腔内部。进一步地，还可以通过合适的热定型模具，使弹性段410的远端的外径自末端起逐渐减小至小于弹性段410的近端的外径，之后再逐渐增大至与弹性段410的近端的外径相等，从而使弹性段410的远端具有一个收缩段(图未标)，如图10所示，这样的设计能够将进入弹性段410管腔内的植入体100很好地固定在收缩段内。弹性段410与管状主体420可采用粘接、高分子热熔等方式进行连接。
抓持器500的远端设有钳嘴510，钳嘴510包括至少两个钳瓣511，钳嘴510 在闭合时，所有的钳瓣511相互靠拢，钳嘴510在张开时，所有的钳瓣511相互远离。抓持器500可以为活检钳，请参考图11，活检钳自远端至近端依次包括钳嘴510、输送杆520、滑块530和把手540。活检钳的远端的最大外径，也即钳嘴510在张开(请参考图12)时的外径小于或等于1.8mm。将滑块530朝远端推送可使活检钳的钳嘴510张开，将滑块530朝近端推送可使活检钳的钳嘴510闭合(请参考图13)，活检钳的钳嘴510在闭合时的外径小于鞘管400的内径。钳嘴510在闭合时可钳住植入体100的近端，在张开时可松开植入体100的近端以使植入体100脱离活检钳。输送杆520可由柔性的钢缆制成。把手540用于供操作者在体外握持，滑块530与把手540配合能够控制活检钳的钳嘴510的张开和闭合。
请一并参考图14-图15及图3-图5，上述回收系统在回收具有腔体的植入体100时，包括以下过程及操作步骤：
1、确定植入体100在体内的位置：
在体外将鞘管400插入到支气管镜600的工作通道610内，并使鞘管400的远端端面和支气管镜600的远端端面平齐；将支气管镜600通过口腔插入到支气管内，在支气管镜600的引导下找到植入体100被植入的位置。
2、抓持器500与植入体100建立连接：
将抓持器500的具有钳嘴510的一端插入鞘管400内，并推送抓持器500以使抓持器500的钳嘴510靠近植入体100的近端，也即植入体100的连接件120；将抓持器500的滑块530朝向远端移动以使抓持器500的钳嘴510张开；推送抓持器500以使植入体100的连接件120伸入抓持器500的钳嘴510内；将抓持器500的滑块530朝向近端移动以使抓持器500的钳嘴510闭合，钳住连接件120。
3、植入体100的近端收容于弹性段410内：
保持抓持器500的钳嘴510始终钳住植入体100的连接件120，同时朝远端推送鞘管400，以使植入体100的连接件120收容在弹性段410内；松开钳嘴510以使钳嘴510与植入体100的连接件120分离；回撤抓持器500，并在钳嘴510与植入体100的连接件120间隔一定距离后闭合抓持器500的钳嘴510；将抓持器500从鞘管400内撤出。此时，植入体100的近端仍收容于鞘管400的弹性段410内。
4、植入体100的装载：
将输送钢缆插入鞘管400内；在透视影像设备620的引导下，朝远端推送输送钢缆，以使植入体100近端的连接件120插入到输送钢缆的收口钢套210(图未标)内；推动芯丝300(图未标)朝远端移动，以在芯丝300的远端伸入植入体100的腔体内后将植入体100撑直，从而完成植入体100的装载。
5、将器械从体内撤出：
依次撤出已装载植入体100的输送钢缆、鞘管400、支气管镜600，从而完成对植入体100的回收。
本实施例的用于肺减容植入体100的回收系统，在回收植入体内的植入体100时，先通过抓持器500和鞘管400将植入体100的近端收束在鞘管400的弹性段410内进行固定，然后通过芯丝300在输送钢缆与植入体100连接后将植入体100撑直，进而将直线状的植入体100输送到体外以完成对植入体100的回收。由于只需要将植入体100的近端收束在鞘管400内，而非将植入体100整个收束在鞘管400内，因而避免了鞘管400的头端对肺组织造成的损伤。另一方面，在植入体100的近端收束在鞘管400内后，由于鞘管400的远端设置有弹性段410，且植入体100是被收束在弹性段410内，因而在抓持器500被撤出时，植入体100的近端能够在弹性段410的约束下而不会在鞘管400内发生偏 移，避免了植入体100在抓持器500被撤出时从鞘管400内脱离这一情况的发生。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统，包括输送钢缆、芯丝、鞘管和抓持器，其特征在于，所述抓持器用于抓持或松开所述植入体的近端；所述鞘管的远端设有弹性段，所述鞘管用于在所述抓持器抓持所述植入体的近端后，将所述植入体的近端收束在所述鞘管的弹性段内；所述芯丝贯穿所述输送钢缆的腔体，用于在所述植入体的近端插入所述输送钢缆的远端后，伸入所述植入体的腔体内直至将所述植入体撑直；所述输送钢缆贯穿所述鞘管的腔体，用于将被撑直的所述植入体从体内输送到体外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于肺减容植入体的回收系统，其特征在于，所述抓持器的远端设有钳嘴，所述钳嘴包括至少两个钳瓣，所述钳嘴在闭合时，所述钳瓣相互靠拢，所述钳嘴在张开时，所述钳瓣相互远离。
  3. 一种用于肺减容植入体的回收系统的鞘管，其特征在于，所述鞘管的远端设有弹性段。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述鞘管的弹性段为表面具有镂空的管状体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性段包括若干个波形结构和若干个连接件，所述连接件用于将相邻的波形结构进行轴向连接以构成所述弹性段。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性段至少由以下之一的材料制成：
    超弹性合金管、超弹性合金丝、弹性高分子管。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述超弹性合金管为镍钛合金管，所述超弹性合金丝为镍钛合金丝。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性高分子管至少为以下之一：橡胶管、硅胶管、聚氨酯管、嵌段聚醚酰胺树脂管。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性段在被扩张时内径增大。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性段的远端的外径 自末端起逐渐减小，直至与所述弹性段的近端的外径相等。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的鞘管，其特征在于，所述弹性段的远端的外径自末端起逐渐减小至小于所述弹性段的近端的外径，之后再逐渐增大至与所述弹性段的近端的外径相等。
PCT/CN2018/121741 2017-12-29 2018-12-18 用于肺减容植入体的回收系统和鞘管 Ceased WO2019128779A1 (zh)

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