WO2019128420A1 - 长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法 - Google Patents

长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019128420A1
WO2019128420A1 PCT/CN2018/111549 CN2018111549W WO2019128420A1 WO 2019128420 A1 WO2019128420 A1 WO 2019128420A1 CN 2018111549 W CN2018111549 W CN 2018111549W WO 2019128420 A1 WO2019128420 A1 WO 2019128420A1
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desert
long
composite material
sand
polyvinyl alcohol
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PCT/CN2018/111549
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄律丹
吴正岩
蔡冬清
张桂龙
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广州天蓝地绿科技发展有限公司
黄律丹
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Publication of WO2019128420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128420A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2105/00—Erosion prevention

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  • the invention belongs to the field of desert treatment, and in particular relates to a long-acting desert expansion inhibitor and a long-term method for inhibiting desert expansion.
  • Desertification is a long-standing ecological problem in China, which seriously restricts China's agricultural and economic and social development.
  • Desert governance has always been a research hotspot in the environmental field, and has made great progress in governance technology.
  • Existing treatment methods mainly include engineering measures, phytoremediation methods and chemical fixation methods. Although these methods have different degrees of governance effects on desertification, they each have some shortcomings that greatly limit their scale application.
  • the engineering measures mainly govern the desert through the wind and sand fixation project, and its main disadvantage is the high cost.
  • the phytoremediation method mainly restores the desert ecology by planting drought-tolerant plants, and its main disadvantage is that the cycle is long.
  • the chemical fixation method mainly achieves the purpose of sand fixation by using an organic polymer to form a bonding layer on the surface of the desert.
  • the main disadvantage is that the organic polymer is easily decomposed under high temperature and strong light conditions, and the effective period is short. Compared with the former two methods, the chemical immobilization method has received more and more attention due to its simple operation and short cycle. In order to promote its large-scale application, it is urgent to develop a method for delaying the degradation of organic polymer binder.
  • CN1854247A discloses a sand-fixing preparation recovery material and a preparation method thereof, and the introduction of attapulgite and nutrient components into an organic polymer binder can not achieve the effect of effectively inhibiting polymer degradation.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a long-acting desert expansion inhibitor which can effectively inhibit degradation of a polymer compound and prolong the duration of action.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for long-term suppression of desert expansion, which does not require large mechanical equipment to turn sand, level and stir the desert soil, and is simple in operation, environmentally friendly, and has a long-lasting effect.
  • a long-acting desert expansion inhibitor comprising: a polymer composite material capable of adhering sand particles, inhibiting sand drift, and spraying on a surface of a polymer composite material.
  • a protective film material that avoids rapid degradation of polymer composite materials.
  • the polymer composite material is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and xanthan gum according to a mass ratio of 1-3:2-5:3-6;
  • the protective film material is attapulgite modified with polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the polymer composite material is sprayed on the surface of the desert to retain moisture and to accumulate sand, thereby inhibiting the drift of sand.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol modified attapulgite is prepared by mixing attapulgite with polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 7-10:1-2, and then adding tap water to a concentration of 1-5 g/L. The solution was stirred at a temperature of 20-50 ° C for 10-20 minutes to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol-modified attapulgite suspension.
  • the attapulgite has a particle diameter of 200 to 400 mesh and a stirring speed of 100 to 200 rpm. Conducive to thorough mixing.
  • the polyacrylamide has a particle diameter of 50 to 200 mesh and a molecular weight of 10 to 20 million.
  • the sodium polyacrylate has a particle diameter of 50-200 mesh
  • the xanthan gum has a particle diameter of 50-200 mesh.
  • the second object of the present invention is as follows: a method for long-acting inhibition of desert expansion, characterized in that: the above polymer composite material is formulated into a solution, and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert to naturally penetrate into the surface layer of 10-30 cm. In the sand; the suspension prepared from the protective film material is then evenly sprayed onto the treated desert surface.
  • the method is environmentally friendly, easy to operate, and requires no need to level and stir the desert soil, and the cost is low.
  • the composite material prepared in the step (1) is added with water to prepare a solution having a concentration of 1-5 g/L, and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert according to the amount of 100-1000 kg of solute per acre, so that it naturally penetrates into the surface layer 10 -30cm in sand;
  • the attapulgite and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 7-10:1-2, and then added with water to prepare a solution having a concentration of 1-5 g/L, and stirred at a temperature of 20-50 ° C, 10- 20 minutes, a polyvinyl alcohol modified attapulgite suspension was obtained;
  • the polymer composite material of the invention is uniformly sprayed on the desert surface, and naturally penetrates into the surface sand, and then sprayed with polyvinyl alcohol modified attapulgite, and the surface sand is fixed by the strong water retention and bonding property of the composite material. Then, the nano-network formed on the surface of the desert by the polyvinyl alcohol-modified attapulgite inhibits the degradation of the composite, inhibits the degradation of the organic polymer, prolongs the duration of action, reduces the degradation rate of the polymer compound by more than 20%, and prolongs the inhibitor. The effect period is more than 30%, thus achieving the purpose of long-term sand fixation.
  • the method has the advantages of environmentally friendly raw materials, simple operation, and no need to level and stir the desert soil, and has high application value.
  • Polyacrylamide 50 mesh, cation, 10 million molecular weight
  • sodium polyacrylate 50 mesh
  • xanthan gum 50 mesh
  • the prepared composite material is added with tap water to prepare a solution having a concentration of 1 g/L, and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert according to the amount of 100 kg of solute per acre, so that it naturally penetrates into the surface layer of 10-30 cm of sand, which can maintain moisture and It can stick sand, thus inhibiting the drift of sand.
  • the attapulgite (200 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 7:1, and then a tap water is added to prepare a solution having a concentration of 1 g/L, and stirred at a temperature of 20 ° C for 10 minutes at 100-200 rpm.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol-modified attapulgite suspension was obtained.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol introduces a lot of -OH to the surface of the attapulgite, which greatly enhances its water retention and dispersion properties.
  • the prepared inhibitor was tested in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce desert water loss by 42% and reduce sand drift weight by 37.8%.
  • Example 1 Application of polyacrylamide (50 mesh, cation, 10 million molecular weight), sodium polyacrylate (50 mesh), xanthan gum (50 mesh), attapulgite (200 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol according to Example 1 per acre The amount, evenly mixed, is sprayed once on the surface of the desert. The experiment was carried out in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce the desert water loss by 28.9% and reduce the sand drift weight by 20.8%. In Example 1, the degradation rate of the polymer compound of Example 1 was 23% lower than that of Comparative Example 1, and the duration of the inhibitor was 31%.
  • Polyacrylamide 100 mesh, cation, 15 million molecular weight
  • sodium polyacrylate 100 mesh
  • xanthan gum 100 mesh
  • the prepared composite material is added with tap water to prepare a solution with a concentration of 2g/L, and then uniformly sprayed on the desert surface according to the amount of 500kg solute per acre, so that it naturally penetrates into the surface layer of 10-30cm sand, which can maintain moisture and It can stick sand, thus inhibiting the drift of sand.
  • the attapulgite (300 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 8:1, and then a tap water is added to prepare a solution having a concentration of 3 g/L, and stirred at a temperature of 30 ° C for 15 minutes at 100-200 rpm.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol-modified attapulgite suspension was obtained.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol introduces a lot of -OH to the surface of the attapulgite, which greatly enhances its water retention and dispersion properties.
  • the obtained suspension is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert treated in step 2 according to the amount of 150kg of solute per acre to form a nano-mesh, which is equivalent to covering a surface of the desert with a protective film, which can inhibit the degradation of the composite material. It can also prevent the evaporation of water in the desert and play a long-term effect.
  • the prepared inhibitor was tested in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce desert moisture loss by 40.4% and reduce sand drift weight by 38.9%.
  • Example 2 Polyacrylamide (100 mesh, cation, 15 million molecular weight), sodium polyacrylate (100 mesh), xanthan gum (100 mesh), attapulgite (300 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol according to Example 2 per acre Apply the amount, mix it evenly, and spray it on the surface of the desert.
  • the experiment was carried out in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce the desert water loss by 27.6% and reduce the sand drift weight by 23.2%.
  • the degradation rate of the polymer compound of Example 2 was 22.3%, and the duration of the inhibitor was 32.5%.
  • Polyacrylamide (200 mesh, cation, 20 million molecular weight), sodium polyacrylate (200 mesh), and xanthan gum (200 mesh) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:5:6 to form a composite material.
  • the prepared composite material is added with tap water to prepare a solution with a concentration of 5g/L, and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert according to the amount of 1000kg of solute per acre, so that it naturally penetrates into the surface layer of 10-30cm sand, which can maintain moisture and It can stick sand, thus inhibiting the drift of sand.
  • the attapulgite (400 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 5:1, and then a tap water is added to prepare a solution having a concentration of 5 g/L, and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C for 20 minutes at 100-200 rpm.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol-modified attapulgite suspension was obtained.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol introduces a lot of -OH to the surface of the attapulgite, which greatly enhances its water retention and dispersion properties.
  • the obtained suspension is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the desert treated in step 2 according to the amount of 200 kg of solute per acre to form a nano-mesh, which is equivalent to covering a surface of the desert with a protective film, which can inhibit the degradation of the composite material. It can also prevent the evaporation of water in the desert and play a long-term effect.
  • the prepared inhibitor was tested in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce the desert water loss by 48.9% and reduce the sand drift weight by 45.6%.
  • Example 3 Polyacrylamide (200 mesh, cation, 20 million molecular weight), sodium polyacrylate (200 mesh), xanthan gum (200 mesh), attapulgite (400 mesh) and polyvinyl alcohol according to Example 3 per acre The amount applied, evenly mixed, sprayed once on the surface of the desert. The experiment was carried out in Shapotou, Zhongwei, Ningxia. The results show that the technology can reduce the desert water loss by 28.6% and reduce the sand drift weight by 25.1%. In Example 3, the degradation rate of the polymer compound of Example 3 was 21.5% lower than that of Comparative Example 3, and the duration of the inhibitor was 35.2%.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法，抑制剂包括能粘聚沙粒、抑制沙土漂移的高分子复合材料以及喷洒在高分子复合材料表面避免高分子复合材料快速降解的保护膜材料。将所述的高分子复合材料配制成溶液，然后均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中；然后将保护膜材料配制的悬浊液均匀喷洒在处理后的沙漠表面。可抑制有机高分子降解，延长持效期，高分子化合物降解速度减缓20％以上，延长抑制剂的持效期30％以上，从而实现长效固沙的目的。该方法原料环境友好、操作简便，且无需平整和搅拌沙漠土壤，具有较高的应用价值。,

Description

长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法 技术领域
本发明属于沙漠治理领域，具体地说，涉及一种长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法。
背景技术
沙漠化是我国长期存在的生态问题，严重制约了我国农业和经济社会发展。沙漠治理一直以来是环境领域研究热点，在治理技术方面取得了长足进展。现有治理方法主要包括工程措施、植物修复法和化学固定法。虽然这些方法对沙漠化具有不同程度的治理效果，但它们各自具有一些缺点，大大限制了其规模化应用。工程措施主要通过防风固沙工程治理沙漠，其主要缺点为成本高。植物修复法主要通过种植耐旱植物恢复沙漠生态，其主要缺点为周期长。化学固定法主要通过使用有机高分子在沙漠表面形成一层粘结层达到固沙的目的，其主要缺点为有机高分子易在高温强光照条件下分解，有效期短。与前两种方法比较，化学固定法由于操作简便、周期短而受到越来越多的关注，为了推进其大规模应用，迫切需要发展一种延缓有机高分子粘结剂降解的方法。
CN1854247A公开了一种固沙制备恢复材料及其制备方法，将凹凸棒土和营养成分引入有机高分子粘接剂中，也不能达到有效抑制高分子降解的效果。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的第一目的在于提供一种长效沙漠扩张抑 制剂，能有效抑制高分子化合物降解，延长持效期。本发明的第二目的在于提供一种长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法，不需要大型机械设备翻沙、平整和搅拌沙漠土壤，操作简便，环境友好，持效期长。
为了实现上述第一目的,本发明的技术方案如下：一种长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：包括能粘聚沙粒、抑制沙土漂移的高分子复合材料以及喷洒在高分子复合材料表面避免高分子复合材料快速降解的保护膜材料。
上述方案中：所述高分子复合材料由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和黄原胶按照质量比1-3:2-5:3-6混合均匀制成；
所述保护膜材料为经过聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土。
高分子复合材料喷洒在沙漠表面，既能保持水分又能粘聚沙粒，从而抑制沙土飘移。得到的聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液，聚乙烯醇为凹凸棒土表面引入许多-OH，大幅增强其保水和分散性能。将其喷洒在高分子复合材料处理后的沙漠表面，以形成纳米网，相当于在沙漠表面覆盖一层保护膜，既能抑制高分子复合材料的降解，又能阻止沙漠中水分挥发，起到长效固沙作用。
上述方案中：聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土的制备方法为：将凹凸棒土与聚乙烯醇按照质量比7-10:1-2混合均匀，然后加自来水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，于温度20-50℃下，搅拌10-20分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液。
上述方案中：凹凸棒土的粒径为200-400目，搅拌速度为100-200rpm。有利于充分混合均匀。
上述方案中：所述聚丙烯酰胺的粒径为50-200目，1000-2000万分子量。
上述方案中：聚丙烯酸钠的粒径为50-200目，黄原胶的粒径为50-200目。
本发明的第二目的是这样的：一种长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法，其特征在于： 将上述的高分子复合材料配制成溶液，然后均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中；然后将保护膜材料配制的悬浊液均匀喷洒在处理后的沙漠表面。
该方法环境友好、操作简便，且无需平整和搅拌沙漠土壤，成本低。
上述方案中：按照如下步骤：
(1)、将聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、黄原胶按照1-3:2-5:3-6的质量比混合均匀制成复合材料；
(2)、将步骤(1)中制得的复合材料加水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，然后按照每亩100-1000kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中；
(3)、将凹凸棒土与聚乙烯醇按照质量比7-10:1-2混合均匀，然后加水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，于温度20-50℃下，搅拌10-20分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液；
(4)、将(3)中得到的悬浊液按照每亩100-200kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒于步骤(2)中处理后的沙漠表面。
有益效果：本发明的将高分子复合材料均匀喷洒在沙漠表面上，并自然渗入表层沙土，然后再喷洒聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土，通过复合材料的强保水和粘结性能将表层沙土固定，然后通过聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土在沙漠表面形成的纳米网抑制复合材料的降解，可抑制有机高分子降解，延长持效期，高分子化合物降解速度降低20％以上，延长抑制剂的持效期30％以上，从而实现长效固沙的目的。该方法原料环境友好、操作简便，且无需平整和搅拌沙漠土壤，具有较高的应用价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、将聚丙烯酰胺(50目，阳离子，1000万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(50目)、黄原胶(50目)按照1:2:3的质量比混合均匀制成复合材料。
2、将制得的复合材料加自来水配制成浓度为1g/L的溶液，然后按照每亩100kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中，既能保持水分又能粘聚沙粒，从而抑制沙土飘移。
3、将凹凸棒土(200目)与聚乙烯醇按照质量比7:1混合均匀，然后加自来水配制成浓度为1g/L的溶液，于温度20℃，搅拌(100-200rpm)10分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液。聚乙烯醇为凹凸棒土表面引入许多-OH，大幅增强其保水和分散性能。
4、将得到的悬浊液按照每亩100kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒于第2步中处理后的沙漠表面，以形成纳米网，相当于在沙漠表面覆盖一层保护膜，既能抑制复合材料的降解，又能阻止沙漠中水分挥发，起到长效固沙作用。
将所制得的抑制剂在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失42％，降低沙土飘移重量37.8％。
对比例1
聚丙烯酰胺(50目，阳离子，1000万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(50目)、黄原胶(50目)、凹凸棒土(200目)与聚乙烯醇按照实施例1的每亩的施加量，均匀混合后，一次喷洒在沙漠表面。在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失28.9％，降低沙土飘移重量20.8％。实施例1与对比例1相比，实施例1高分子化合物降解速度低23％，抑制剂的持效期长31％。
实施例2
1、将聚丙烯酰胺(100目，阳离子，1500万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(100目)、黄原胶(100目)按照2:3:5的质量比混合均匀制成复合材料。
2、将制得的复合材料加自来水配制成浓度为2g/L的溶液，然后按照每亩500kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中，既能保持水分又能粘聚沙粒，从而抑制沙土飘移。
3、将凹凸棒土(300目)与聚乙烯醇按照质量比8:1混合均匀，然后加自来水配制成浓度为3g/L的溶液，于温度30℃，搅拌(100-200rpm)15分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液。聚乙烯醇为凹凸棒土表面引入许多-OH，大幅增强其保水和分散性能。
4、将得到的悬浊液按照每亩150kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒于步骤2中处理后的沙漠表面，以形成纳米网，相当于在沙漠表面覆盖一层保护膜，既能抑制复合材料的降解，又能阻止沙漠中水分挥发，起到长效固沙作用。
将所制得的抑制剂在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失40.4％，降低沙土飘移重量38.9％。
对比例2
将聚丙烯酰胺(100目，阳离子，1500万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(100目)、黄原胶(100目)、凹凸棒土(300目)与聚乙烯醇按照实施例2的每亩的施加量，均匀混合后，一次喷洒在沙漠表面。在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失27.6％，降低沙土飘移重量23.2％。实施例2与对比例2相比，实施例2高分子化合物降解速度低22.3％，抑制剂的持效期长32.5％。
实施例3
1、将聚丙烯酰胺(200目，阳离子，2000万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(200目)、 黄原胶(200目)按照3:5:6的质量比混合均匀制成复合材料。
2、将制得的复合材料加自来水配制成浓度为5g/L的溶液，然后按照每亩1000kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中，既能保持水分又能粘聚沙粒，从而抑制沙土飘移。
3、将凹凸棒土(400目)与聚乙烯醇按照质量比5:1混合均匀，然后加自来水配制成浓度为5g/L的溶液，于温度50℃，搅拌(100-200rpm)20分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液。聚乙烯醇为凹凸棒土表面引入许多-OH，大幅增强其保水和分散性能。
4、将得到的悬浊液按照每亩200kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒于步骤2中处理后的沙漠表面，以形成纳米网，相当于在沙漠表面覆盖一层保护膜，既能抑制复合材料的降解，又能阻止沙漠中水分挥发，起到长效固沙作用。
将所制得的抑制剂在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失48.9％，降低沙土飘移重量45.6％。
对比例3
将将聚丙烯酰胺(200目，阳离子，2000万分子量)、聚丙烯酸钠(200目)、黄原胶(200目)、凹凸棒土(400目)与聚乙烯醇按照实施例3的每亩的施加量，均匀混合后，一次喷洒在沙漠表面。在宁夏中卫沙坡头进行试验，结果表明，该技术可以降低沙漠水分损失28.6％，降低沙土飘移重量25.1％。实施例3与对比例3相比，实施例3高分子化合物降解速度低21.5％，抑制剂的持效期长35.2％。
本发明不局限于上述具体实施例，应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。总之，凡本技术领 域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：包括能粘聚沙粒、抑制沙土漂移的高分子复合材料以及喷洒在高分子复合材料表面避免高分子复合材料快速降解的保护膜材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：所述高分子复合材料由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和黄原胶按照质量比1-3:2-5:3-6混合均匀制成；
    所述保护膜材料为经过聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土的制备方法为：将凹凸棒土与聚乙烯醇按照质量比7-10:1-2混合均匀，然后加自来水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，于温度20-50℃下，搅拌10-20分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：凹凸棒土的粒径为200-400目，搅拌速度为100-200rpm。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：所述聚丙烯酰胺的粒径为50-200目，1000-2000万分子量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述长效沙漠扩张抑制剂，其特征在于：聚丙烯酸钠的粒径为50-200目，黄原胶的粒径为50-200目。
  7. 一种长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法，其特征在于：将权利要求1所述的高分子复合材料配制成溶液，然后均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中；然后将保护膜材料配制的悬浊液均匀喷洒在处理后的沙漠表面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述一种长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法，其特征在于：按照如 下步骤：
    (1)、将聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、黄原胶按照1-3:2-5:3-6的质量比混合均匀制成复合材料；
    (2)、将步骤(1)中制得的复合材料加水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，然后按照每亩100-1000kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒在沙漠表面，使其自然渗入表层10-30cm沙土中；
    (3)、将凹凸棒土与聚乙烯醇按照质量比7-10:1-2混合均匀，然后加水配制成浓度为1-5g/L的溶液，于温度20-50℃下，搅拌10-20分钟，得到聚乙烯醇修饰的凹凸棒土悬浊液；
    (4)、将(3)中得到的悬浊液按照每亩100-200kg溶质的用量均匀喷洒于步骤(2)中处理后的沙漠表面。
PCT/CN2018/111549 2017-12-28 2018-10-24 长效沙漠扩张抑制剂及长效抑制沙漠扩张的方法 WO2019128420A1 (zh)

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