WO2019127110A1 - 带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪 - Google Patents
带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019127110A1 WO2019127110A1 PCT/CN2017/119036 CN2017119036W WO2019127110A1 WO 2019127110 A1 WO2019127110 A1 WO 2019127110A1 CN 2017119036 W CN2017119036 W CN 2017119036W WO 2019127110 A1 WO2019127110 A1 WO 2019127110A1
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- soil
- penetration
- spherical
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- propeller
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/12—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering, and relates to a free-falling spherical penetration instrument with a propeller, which analyzes the soil by using a spherical penetration instrument attached with a propeller to penetrate the data collected in the soil by free fall. Related parameters.
- CPT is to press the cone penetration device into the seabed soil at a constant speed.
- the measured properties of the tip and sidewall and the pore pressure data are used to analyze the relevant properties of the soil.
- the measurement results usually need to pass the following Step calibration:
- the T-bar and Ball-bar are full-flow penetrators that do not require calibration of the overburden pressure compared to CPT.
- the Ball-bar is a spherical measuring instrument, and the T-bar is a cylindrical measuring instrument. Therefore, in the case of uneven soil quality, the T-bar is prone to generate large bending moments and affect the measurement accuracy.
- the surrounding soil forms a form of partial complete reflow, so the theoretical solution of its bearing capacity coefficient (N b ) can be obtained.
- Ball-bar needs to be connected to the loading device through the connecting rod during use, and the theoretical analysis results of Randolph do not consider the influence of the connecting rod.
- Zhou et al. used the numerical simulation method to calculate and analyze the penetration resistance of Ball-bar under different A r values, and the influence of connecting rod can be neglected when A r ⁇ 0.1.
- CPT C-bar
- Ball-bar The above measurement methods (CPT, T-bar, Ball-bar) require measurement by means of a loading device and require a professional exploration vessel during the deep sea site survey.
- the FFP is a penetration instrument that is measured by free fall into the seabed without the need for additional loading devices.
- Steiner et al. measured the soil strength of the measured area by field experiment of the free fall cone penetration instrument and compared it with the CPT measurement results. The results show that after considering the rate effect and the drag resistance calibration, the free fall
- the measurement results of the cone penetration instrument can be consistent with the measurement results of CPT. Chow et al.
- the centrifuge acceleration was 12.5 g.
- the final penetration depth of the ball was 10D and 5.5D, respectively.
- the penetration speed of the free-falling spherical penetration instrument is relatively small.
- the final penetration speed is 8m/s; and the mass of the sphere is relatively small, resulting in a shallow penetration depth.
- the soil that can be measured has a limited depth.
- the free-falling sphere will rotate during the process of penetrating into the soil, which will have a certain influence on the measurement results.
- the free-falling spherical penetration instrument uses the acceleration collected by the acceleration sensor and the acceleration value during the penetration process to invert the relevant parameters, and Chow pointed out in the FFP study: It is not reliable to rely on the measurement results of the acceleration sensor to invert the soil parameters.
- the static press-in penetration instrument (CPT, T-bar, Ball-bar) needs to be measured by means of an external loading device, and the application in deep sea survey is limited; in contrast to the measurement of FFP
- the process is relatively simple, but the force of the free-falling cone penetration device is relatively complicated, and the free-falling spherical penetration instrument has a small penetration speed and a shallow depth due to its small penetration speed. The range is limited and the measurement results are inaccurate.
- the present invention proposes a spherical penetration device with a pusher, as shown in FIG.
- the penetration device is a free-falling dynamic penetration device, which controls the penetration depth of the penetration device by means of an additional thruster (Fig. 2), thereby increasing the measurement depth, and the ball can be prevented from falling during the falling process by the additional thruster. And rotation occurs during the process of penetration into the ocean soil to improve measurement accuracy. Thanks to the addition of the load cell, the combined acceleration sensor can further improve the measurement accuracy.
- a free-falling spherical penetration device with a pusher comprising two parts:
- the first part comprises a spherical penetration device 1 and a connecting rod 2 for connecting the spherical penetration device 1 and the pusher 3 (as shown in FIG. 3); a hole pressure sensor 1a is provided at an intermediate portion of the spherical penetration device 1 for measuring The change of the pore pressure of the surrounding soil after the spherical penetration device 1 penetrates into the marine soil; the spherical penetration device 1 and one end of the connecting rod 2 are connected by the force sensor 2b, and the force sensor 2b is used to measure the penetration of the spherical penetration device 1 The resistance received in the process of marine soil, the collected data is used for the analysis of the later soil parameters; the other end of the connecting rod 2 is connected with the propeller 3 through the thread 2a; the connecting rod 2 makes the spherical penetration device 1 and the propeller 3 Maintaining a certain distance between them to prevent the propeller 3 from affecting the flow form of the soil around the spherical penetration device 1; the determination of the area of the connecting rod 2
- the second part is a propeller 3 (shown in Figure 2) for improving the depth of penetration of the penetration instrument.
- the propeller 3 comprises a cylindrical central axis 3b having an ellipsoidal front end and a streamlined tail. Reducing the resistance to free fall in water and penetration into the marine soil; the length of the axis 3b of the cylinder can be adjusted according to actual measurement requirements, and if the depth of measurement is deep, the length of the cylindrical central axis can be increased;
- the tail of the cylinder is provided with four fins for improving the directional stability of the propeller 3 during the falling process, and the specific size of the tail can be adjusted according to actual needs; the front end of the propeller 3 is provided inside.
- the thread 3a is mated with the external thread 2a of the connecting rod 2; the top of the pusher 3 is provided with a space for placing the acceleration sensor 3c, the data acquisition device 3f, the power source 3e and the associated control device, and the top of the pusher 3 is provided with an acceleration sensor 3c.
- the data wire is connected from the top of the pusher 3 to the collector 4; the tail of the pusher is provided with a mounting rope 3h and a recovery rope 3g, and after the measurement is completed, the thruster 3 is recovered by tightening the recovery rope 3g. And penetrometer, and export the collected data.
- the connecting rod 2 comprises a single connecting rod (as shown in Fig. 3a) and three connecting rods (as shown in Fig. 3b), and the three connecting rods can improve the bending resistance and the anti-interference ability.
- the distance between the spherical penetration device 1 and the pusher 3 is four times the diameter of the spherical penetration device 1.
- the ratio of the total cross-sectional area (A shaft ) of the connecting rod 2 to the projected area (A t ) of the spherical penetration device 1 is less than 0.1.
- a method of operating a free-falling spherical penetration device with a pusher the steps are as follows:
- Step 1 Install the pusher 3 and the spherical penetration device 1 by screwing the two parts and ensure that the center of gravity of the spherical penetration device 1 coincides with the axis of the pusher 3 to improve the free penetration and penetration of the spherical penetration device 1
- Step 2 Hang the assembled spherical penetration device 1 at a predetermined height position above the surface of the seabed by installing the rope 3h, release the recovery rope 3g, and let it stand for a period of time to stabilize, then open the measurement and collection device, and prepare to start data collection. ;
- Step 3 Release the installation rope for 3h, let the spherical penetration device 1 begin to fall freely until it penetrates into the marine soil and reach a resting state; after the penetration is completed, let the spherical penetration device 1 stay in the marine soil for a period of time. To collect the change of the pore pressure in the soil surrounding the spherical penetration device 1;
- Step 4 After the data collection is completed, the penetration instrument is recovered through the recovery rope 3g, and the data collected by the data acquisition instrument 3f or 4 is exported to perform data analysis.
- the penetration speed and the depth of penetration of the spherical penetration device 1 are analyzed by the acceleration sensor 3c.
- the velocity of the spherical penetration device 1 can be calculated by the formula (1), and the depth of penetration can be calculated by the formula (2). get,
- a is the vertical acceleration of the penetration measured by the acceleration sensor 3c
- v is the vertical speed of the penetration
- s t is the vertical displacement of the penetration.
- the soil strength can be inverted by the measurement results of the force sensor 2b and the acceleration sensor 3c, and the specific process is as follows:
- the force analysis of the spherical penetration instrument 1 in the process of penetrating the marine soil is shown in Fig. 6.
- the force can be expressed by the formula (3):
- m is the mass of the spherical penetration device 1; a is the measured value of the acceleration sensor 3c; W b is the floating weight of the spherical penetration device 1 in water; F m is the measured value of the force sensor 2b; F N is the spherical penetration
- the instrument 1 is subjected to the end bearing resistance of the marine soil; F D is the dragging resistance received by the spherical penetrator 1 during the penetration into the marine soil; F b is the overburden pressure of the marine soil subjected to the spherical penetrator 1 and is spherical
- the volume of the volume of the instrument 1 that is not in the soil and the weight of the soil ( ⁇ '); Morton et al.
- m soil is the mass of the soil that the spherical penetration device 1 is discharged, and is calculated according to formula (5).
- m soil V ball ⁇ soil (5)
- V ball is the volume of the soil in the spherical penetration device 1 and ⁇ soil is the density of the soil.
- the end bearing resistance F N in the formula (3) can be expressed by the formula (6).
- the shear strain rate of the soil can be expressed by the ratio of the velocity v to the diameter D of the spherical penetration device 1;
- the shear strain rate; ⁇ is the rate effect coefficient, which ranges from 0.034 to 0.14.
- the end bearing capacity coefficient N c of the spherical penetration device 1 is related to the friction coefficient ⁇ , as shown in the formula (11):
- a 1 to A 3 are undetermined coefficients, which can be determined by numerical simulation. For example, Liu et al. numerically simulate the relationship between the end load capacity coefficient and the friction coefficient of the free fall cone penetration instrument. Relationship.
- F D in the formula (3) is the drag resistance during the penetration process in the marine soil, and can be calculated by the formula (12).
- the correlation coefficients in f 1 , f 2 and f 3 in the above formula can be determined by numerical simulation of Liu [11] et al. Equations (14)
- W b and F b can be calculated during the measurement process.
- F m and a are the measured values of the force sensor and the acceleration sensor respectively.
- v can be obtained by integrating the measured values of the acceleration sensor, and ⁇ , ⁇ and s u
- the inversion can be performed by the least squares method based on the measured values.
- Figure 7 and Figure 8 are the acceleration and velocity diagrams of the penetration of the penetrator into the soil.
- the inversion takes the acceleration values at different penetration depths (a 1 , a 2 ,... ..., a n ) and the corresponding velocity (v 1 , v 2 , ..., v n ) and other corresponding physical quantities, using the relationship shown in equation (14), performing the inverse of the least squares method
- the soil strength parameters s u0 , k and the rate effect parameter ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ can be obtained.
- the present invention designs a spherical penetration device with a propeller, which belongs to a free-falling dynamic penetration instrument, and the measurement process does not require other loading devices, and relies on the kinetic energy of the penetration device itself.
- the gravitational potential energy penetrates into the seabed soil for measurement, and the operation process is simple.
- the main measuring instrument is the spherical penetration instrument of the front end. During the dynamic penetration process, it is mainly affected by the end bearing resistance of the soil, the dragging resistance and the overburden pressure.
- the data collected by the acceleration sensor and the force sensor can invert the relevant parameters of the soil, such as soil strength and rate effect parameters.
- the additional thruster can effectively increase the penetration depth of the penetration device, increase the depth range that the measuring instrument can measure, and the thruster can improve the directional stability during the penetration of the penetration device and avoid the rotation of the spherical penetration device.
- the measuring instrument adds a force sensor, combined with the measured value of the acceleration sensor, which can further improve the measurement accuracy.
- Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the connection of the scheme 1 (single connecting rod) thruster and the spherical penetration instrument in the wireless acquisition form.
- Figure 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of the connection of the scheme 2 (three connecting rods) propeller and the spherical penetration instrument in the wireless acquisition form.
- Fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a propeller of the scheme in the form of wireless acquisition.
- Fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a cylinder center shaft and four tail fins in a wireless acquisition mode.
- Figure 2 (c) is a schematic diagram of the scheme 2 propeller in the form of wireless acquisition.
- Figure 3 (a) is a schematic view of a spherical penetration device and a connecting rod.
- Figure 3 (b) is a schematic view of the solution two spherical penetration device and the connecting rod.
- Figure 3 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connecting rod of the second embodiment.
- Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the connection of the propeller and the spherical penetration device in the form of an external collector.
- Figure 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the connection of the scheme 2 propeller and the spherical penetration instrument in the form of an external collector.
- Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the propeller of the scheme in the form of an external collector.
- Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the propeller of the scheme in the form of an external collector.
- Figure 6 is a force analysis diagram of the spherical penetration device.
- Figure 7 is a schematic view of the acceleration during penetration of the penetration device into the soil.
- Figure 8 is a schematic view of the speed during penetration of the penetration device into the soil.
- 1 spherical penetration instrument 1a hole pressure sensor; 2 connecting rod; 2a external thread; 2b force sensor; 3 thruster; 3a internal thread; 3b cylinder middle shaft; 3c acceleration sensor; 3e built-in power supply; 3f built-in Data acquisition instrument; 3d tail; 3h installation rope; 3g recovery rope; 4 external collection instrument.
- Step 1 Install the pusher 3 and the spherical penetration device 1 by screwing the two parts and ensure that the center of gravity of the spherical penetration device 1 coincides with the axis of the pusher 3 to improve the free penetration and penetration of the spherical penetration device 1
- Step 2 Hang the assembled penetration device at a predetermined height position above the surface of the seabed by installing the rope 3h, release the recovery rope 3g, and let it stand for a period of time to stabilize, then open the measurement and collection device, and prepare to start data collection;
- Step 3 Release the installation rope for 3h, let the spherical penetration device 1 begin to fall freely until it penetrates into the marine soil and reach a resting state; after the penetration is completed, let the spherical penetration device 1 stay in the marine soil for a period of time. To collect the change of the pore pressure in the soil surrounding the spherical penetration device 1;
- Step 4 After the data collection is completed, the spherical penetration instrument 1 is recovered through the recovery rope 3g, and the data collected by the data acquisition instrument 3f or 4 is exported to perform data analysis.
- the penetration speed and the depth of penetration of the spherical penetration device 1 are analyzed by the acceleration sensor 3c.
- the velocity of the spherical penetration device 1 can be calculated by the formula (1), and the depth of penetration can be calculated by the formula (2). get,
- a is the vertical acceleration of the penetration measured by the acceleration sensor 3c
- v is the vertical speed of the penetration
- s t is the vertical displacement of the penetration.
- the soil strength can be inverted by the measurement results of the force sensor 2b and the acceleration sensor 3c, and the specific process is as follows:
- the force analysis of the spherical penetration instrument 1 in the process of penetrating the marine soil is shown in Fig. 6.
- the force can be expressed by the formula (3):
- m is the mass of the spherical penetration device 1; a is the measured value of the acceleration sensor 3c; W b is the floating weight of the spherical penetration device 1 in water; F m is the measured value of the force sensor 2b; F N is the spherical penetration
- the instrument 1 is subjected to the end bearing resistance of the marine soil; F D is the dragging resistance received by the spherical penetrator 1 during the penetration into the marine soil; F b is the overburden pressure of the marine soil subjected to the spherical penetrator 1 and is spherical
- the volume of the volume of the instrument 1 that is not in the soil and the weight of the soil ( ⁇ '); Morton et al.
- m soil is the mass of the soil that the spherical penetration device 1 is discharged, and is calculated according to formula (5).
- V ball is the volume of the soil that the spherical penetration device 1 is discharged
- ⁇ soil is the density of the soil.
- the end bearing resistance F N in the formula (3) can be expressed by the formula (6).
- the shear strain rate of the soil can be expressed by the ratio of the velocity v to the diameter D of the spherical penetration device 1;
- the shear strain rate; ⁇ is the rate effect coefficient, which ranges from 0.034 to 0.14.
- the end bearing capacity coefficient N c of the spherical penetration device 1 is related to the friction coefficient ⁇ , as shown in the formula (11):
- a 1 to A 3 are undetermined coefficients, which can be determined by numerical simulation. For example, Liu et al. numerically simulate the relationship between the end load capacity coefficient and the friction coefficient of the free fall cone penetration instrument. Relationship.
- F D in the formula (3) is the drag resistance during the penetration process in the marine soil, and can be calculated by the formula (12).
- the correlation coefficients in f 1 , f 2 and f 3 in the above formula can be determined by the numerical simulation method of Liu et al. Equations (14) W b and F b can be calculated during the measurement process.
- F m and a are the measured values of the force sensor and the acceleration sensor respectively.
- v can be obtained by integrating the measured values of the acceleration sensor, and ⁇ , ⁇ and s u
- the inversion can be performed by the least squares method based on the measured values.
- s u0 is the undrained shear strength of the soil surface
- z is the distance from the surface of the ocean soil
- k is the intensity gradient.
- the acceleration data and force sensor data acquired in the process of penetrating the marine soil collected by the spherical penetration instrument 1 can be used to invert the soil strength parameters s u0 , k and the rate effect parameters.
- ⁇ friction coefficient ⁇ .
- Figure 7 and Figure 8 are the acceleration and velocity diagrams of the penetration of the penetrator into the soil.
- the inversion takes the acceleration values at different penetration depths (a 1 , a 2 ,... ..., a n ) and the corresponding velocity (v 1 , v 2 , ..., v n ) and other corresponding physical quantities, using the relationship shown in equation (14), performing the inverse of the least squares method
- the soil strength parameters s u0 , k and the rate effect parameter ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ can be obtained.
- the spherical penetration device with the pusher is mainly composed of the spherical penetration device 1 and the pusher 3, and is connected by the connecting rod 2.
- the propeller is mainly composed of a cylindrical central shaft 3b.
- the central axis of the cylinder is designed to be streamlined, the front end is designed as an ellipsoidal shape, and the tail is gradually contracted to reduce the resistance of the falling process; the tail of the propeller is provided with a tail 3d to improve the direction during the falling process.
- the tail 3d is connected to the pusher 3 through the card slot; the front end of the pusher 3 is provided with a connecting groove 3a, and the inside is a threaded structure for connecting with the thread 2a on the connecting rod 2.
- the interior of the propeller 3 is provided with an acceleration sensor 3c, a power source 3e, a collection device 3f, etc., for collecting relevant data during the falling process; the collecting device 3f is used for collecting the recording force sensor, the acceleration sensor, and the like.
- the physical quantity collected by the pore pressure sensor needs to be connected to the power source 3e.
- the wires of the force sensor, the acceleration sensor and the pore pressure sensor need to be externally connected to the external collector 4 for data collection and recording.
- the length of the propeller 3 can be determined according to the requirements of the measurement. If the depth to be measured is deep, a propeller having a longer length and a larger mass can be used; if the propeller is relatively high in height, in order to improve stability, it can be increased. The size of the tail 3d; if the propeller drop height is relatively small, in order to reduce the resistance of the propeller when falling in the water and the soil, the size of the tail 3d can be reduced.
- the connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the spherical penetration device 1 and the other end is provided with a threaded connecting rod 2a for connection with the pusher.
- the joining process needs to ensure that the axis of the pusher 3, the axis of the connecting rod 2, and the center of the spherical penetration meter 1 coincide to increase the overall stability and avoid a large yaw angle during the falling process.
- the connecting rod 2 is connected to the spherical penetration device 1 via a force sensor 2b, which is used to measure the resistance of the spherical penetration device 1 during penetration.
- the middle portion of the spherical penetration device 1 is provided with a pore pressure sensor 1a for collecting the pore water pressure of the surrounding soil. After the measurement is completed, the entire measuring instrument needs to be recovered by the collecting rope 3g provided at the end of the pusher 3.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 一种带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪,其特征在于,所述的带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪包括两部分:第一部分包括球形贯入仪(1)和用来连接球形贯入仪(1)与推进器(3)的连接杆(2);球形贯入仪(1)的中间部位设置孔压传感器(1a),用来测量球形贯入仪(1)贯入海洋土后周围土体的孔压变化情况;球形贯入仪(1)与连接杆(2)的一端通过力传感器(2b)连接,力传感器(2b)用来测量球形贯入仪(1)在贯入海洋土过程中受到的阻力;连接杆(2)的另一端通过螺纹(2a)与推进器(3)连接;连接杆(2)使球形贯入仪(1)与推进器(3)之间保持一定的距离,以防止推进器(3)影响球形贯入仪(1)周边土体的流动形式;连接杆(2)面积的确定以避免对球形贯入仪(1)的测量值产生影响为原则;第二部分为用于提高贯入仪沉贯深度的推进器(3),所述的推进器(3)包括一个圆柱体中轴(3b),其前端为椭球形,尾部为流线型,以减小其在水中自由下落以及贯入海洋土过程中的阻力;该圆柱体中轴(3b)的长度根据实际测量需求调整,圆柱形中轴的长度;所述的圆柱体的尾部设置有四片尾翼,用于提高推进器(3)下落过程中的方向稳定性,该尾翼尺寸根据实际需求调整;所述的推进器(3)的前端设有内螺纹(3a),与连接杆(2)的外螺纹(2a)配合连接;推进器(3)顶部留有用来放置加速度传感器(3c)、数据采集仪(3f)、电源(3e)以及相关的控制设备的空间,推进器(3)顶部装有加速度传感器(3c),数据导线从推进器(3)顶部出来连接到采集仪(4);所述的推进器的尾部设置有安装绳(3h)和回收绳(3g),完成测量后,通过拉紧回收绳(3g)回收推进器(3)以及贯入仪,并导出所采集的数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪,其特征在于,所述的连接杆(2)包括单连接杆和三根连接杆,三根连接杆用于提高抗弯能力以及抗干扰能力。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪,其特征在于,所述的球形贯入仪(1)与推进器(3)之间距离为球形贯入仪(1)直径的4倍。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪,其特征在于,所述的连接杆(2)的总的横截面积A shaft与球形贯入仪(1)的投影面积A t的比值小于0.1。
- 根据权利要求3所述的带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪,其特征在于,所述的连接杆(2)的总的横截面积A shaft与球形贯入仪(1)的投影面积A t的比值小于0.1。
- 一种带有推进器的自由落体式球形贯入仪的操作方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:步骤1、安装推进器(3)与球形贯入仪(1),通过螺纹连接两部分,并确保球形贯入仪(1)的重心与推进器(3)的轴线重合,以提高球形贯入仪(1)在自由落体以及贯入海洋土过程中的方向稳定性,避免出现大的偏角,从而提高球形贯入仪(1)的贯入速度以及贯入深度;连接传感器与数据采集仪(3f)或外接式采集仪(4);步骤2、通过安装绳(3h)将组装好的球形贯入仪(1)悬挂在海床表面以上预定高度位置,释放回收绳(3g),静置待其稳定,开启测量以及采集装置,准备开始数据采集;步骤3、释放安装绳(3h),让球形贯入仪(1)开始自由落体,直至其贯入海洋土中,达到静置状态;贯入完成后,让球形贯入仪(1)在海洋土中停留一段时间,以采集球形贯入仪(1)周边土体中孔压的变化情况;步骤4、数据采集完毕后,通过回收绳(3g)回收球形贯入仪(1),并导出数据采集仪(3f)或(4)所采集记录的数据,进行数据分析;首先,通过加速度传感器(3c)记录数据分析球形贯入仪(1)的贯入速度以及沉贯深度,球形贯入仪(1)的速度由公式(1)计算得到,其沉贯深度有公式(2) 计算得到,式中,a为加速度传感器(3c)测量到的贯入仪竖向加速度,v为贯入仪竖向速度,s t为贯入仪的竖向位移;土体强度通过力传感器(2b)以及加速度传感器(3c)的测量结果进行反演,具体过程如下:对球形贯入仪(1)在贯入海洋土过程中的受力用式(3)表示:(m+m′)a=W b+F m-F N-F D-F b (3)式中,m为球形贯入仪(1)的质量;a为加速度传感器(3c)测量值;W b为球形贯入仪(1)在水中的浮重量;F m为力传感器(2b)测量值;F N为球形贯入仪(1)受到海洋土的端承阻力;F D为球形贯入仪(1)贯入海洋土体过程中受到的拖曳阻力;F b为球形贯入仪(1)受到的海洋土体上覆压力,为球形贯入仪(1)没入土中的体积与土体浮重度γ'的乘积;需要考虑附加质量m'的作用,其按照式(4)进行计算,m′=C mm soil (4)式中,C m为附加质量系数,取为C m=0.5;m soil为球形贯入仪(1)排开土体的质量,按照式(5)进行计算,m soil=V ballρ soil (5)式中,V ball为球形贯入仪(1)排开土体的体积,ρ soil为土体的密度;在考虑球形贯入仪(1)动力贯入过程中土体率效应的情况下,式(3)中的端承阻力F N用式(6)表示,F N=R fN cs uA t (6)式中,N c为球形贯入仪(1)的承载能力系数;s u为所测土体在参考应变率下的不排水抗剪强度;A t为球形贯入仪(1)的投影面积;R f为土体的率效应系数,用式(7)的指数型率效应公式表达,R f用式(8)表示:R f=f 1(v,β,α,R en) (8)上式中非牛顿流体雷诺数R en如式(9)所示:因此,率效应系数R f表达为:R f=f 1(v,β,α,ρ soil,s u) (10)球形贯入仪(1)的端部承载能力系数N c是与摩擦系数α相关的,如式(11)所示:N c=f 2(α)=A 1+A 2α+A 3α 2 (11)式中A 1~A 3为待定系数,通过数值模拟的方法进行确定;式(3)中F D为在海洋土中贯入过程中的拖曳阻力,用式(12)计算,式中,C D为拖曳阻力系数;球形贯入仪(1)的拖曳阻力系数用式(13)表达:C D=f 3(α,R en)=f 3(α,ρ soil,v,s u) (13)综合式(3)~(13)得,通过测得的加速度a和阻力F m计算土体强度的表 达式如式(14)所示,上式中f 1、f 2以及f 3中的相关系数通过Liu等人的数值模拟方法来确定;式(14)W b、F b在测量过程中计算得到,F m、a分别为力传感器和加速度传感器的测量值,v由加速度传感器测量值通过积分得到,而β、α以及s u为待测量的参数,根据测量数值利用最小二乘法进行反演;通常海洋土的不排水抗剪强度会随着深度线性增加,因此s u表示为:s u=s u0+kz (15)式中,s u0为土表面的不排水抗剪强度,z为距离海洋土表面的距离,k为强度梯度;结合式(14)和式(15),利用球形贯入仪(1)所采集的在贯入海洋土过程中的加速度数据以及力传感器数据,反演出土体强度参数s u0、k以及率效应参数β、摩擦系数α。
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